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Li C, Zhang Y, Chang R, Wei M, Jiang Y, Zhang J. The mediation and interaction effects of Internet addiction in the association between family functioning and depressive symptoms among adolescents: A four-way decomposition. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:41-47. [PMID: 38527531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have demonstrated that both family dysfunction and internet addiction (IA) are associated with a higher risk of adolescent depression. However, no study has yet investigated the mechanisms involved. This study aims to explore the mediation and interaction roles of internet addiction (IA) between family functioning and depressive symptoms among adolescents in rural China. METHODS A multi-stage, stratified cluster, and random sampling was conducted among 3343 adolescents in rural China from October 27 to November 6, 2020. Depressive symptoms, IA, and family functioning were assessed using the Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve Index (APGAR), respectively. Correlation analysis was performed by binary logistic regression. The study employed a four-way decomposition method to explore the potential mechanisms of family functioning on depressive symptoms. RESULTS The results indicated that family functioning and IA were associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms. The interaction between family functioning and IA accounted for 74 % of the association between family functioning and depression symptoms, while direct effects accounted for 24 %. The "proportion eliminated" (76.11 %) was substantially larger than "proportion mediated" (7.36 %). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design limited to identify the causal relationship among the variables. CONCLUSIONS We found that family dysfunction synergizes with IA to contribute to the high risk of adolescent depression. Prioritizing at preventing IA in adolescence could be an effective way to mitigate the adverse effects of family dysfunction on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ruixia Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengna Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yanfen Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
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Ye XL, Zhang W, Zhao FF. Depression and internet addiction among adolescents:A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115311. [PMID: 37348449 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression and Internet addiction (IA) are both prevalent and burdensome in adolescents. Findings on the relationship between depression and IA remain equivocal, and we therefore conducted a meta-analysis to confirm their correlation. We searched for relevant studies, with the last search being conducted on November 10, 2022. Adolescents aged 10 to 24 reported objectively measured depression and IA using scales that have been used worldwide and are valid. Random effect models were used to produce combined odds ratios (OR) and coefficient of regression (β) We included 42 studies presenting data from 102,769 participants. The meta-analysis confirmed that depression is positively correlated with IA and vice versa. Adolescents with depressive disorders were found to have a higher risk of IA. Adolescents with IA were found to have a higher risk of depressive disorders. In addition, IA had a stronger effect on depression risk. Screening for Internet addiction in depressed adolescents is recommended at initial diagnosis and follow-up. Similarly, Internet addicts should be screened regularly for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Ye
- Department of nursing, School of Medicine (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of nursing, School of Medicine (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhao
- Department of nursing, School of Medicine (School of Nursing), Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Cai H, Zhao YJ, He F, Li SY, Li ZL, Zhang WY, Zhang Y, Cheung T, Ng CH, Sha S, Xiang YT. Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a network analysis perspective. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 37270593 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the inter-relationships between residual depressive symptoms (RDS) and Internet addiction (IA) using network analysis among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. RDS and IA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms in the network model were examined. A total of 1,454 adolescents met the study criteria and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of IA was 31.2% (95% CI: 28.8%-33.6%). In the network analysis, the nodes IAT15 ("Preoccupation with the Internet"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), and PHQ1 ("Anhedonia") were the most central symptoms in the IA-RDS network model. Bridge symptoms included IAT10 ("Sooth disturbing about your Internet use"), PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"), and IAT3 ("Prefer the excitement online to the time with others"). Additionally, PHQ2 ("Sad mood") was the main node linking "Anhedonia" to other IA clusters. Internet addiction was common among clinically stable adolescents with major psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Core and bridge symptoms identified in this study could be prioritized as targets for the prevention and treatment of IA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zong-Lei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Development and Behavior, The third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sha Sha
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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4
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Torkamani MH, Mokhtarinia HR, Vahedi M, Gabel CP. Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 36690958 PMCID: PMC9869316 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent smartphone use in a pathological way forces the user to adopt a compromised posture. This gradually results in changes to both the postural and musculoskeletal systems. This study's objectives were evaluation of head posture, muscle endurance, neck range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense in two separate smartphone user groups, one 'Addicted', the other 'Non-Addicted'. METHODS A sample of convenience (n = 60) was recruited from medical students (age 24.57 ± 4.38, 53.3% male) with a history of smartphones use > 2 h/day for 1-year. Based on the cut-off values of the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), participants were entered into each group (cut-off for male ≥ 31, female ≥ 33). Neck muscle endurance time, joint position error and cervical ROM, along with forward head posture parameters of craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder angle (SA), sagittal head angle (SHA) and forward head distance (FHD)) were evaluated. A Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the difference between groups and the correlations between variables. RESULTS The difference between 'Addicted' and 'Non-Addicted' groups was confirmed by the values for SAS-SV scores (25.23 ± 5.5 versus 43.9 ± 6.61) (p < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences between groups for the CVA and FHD parameters (p < 0.001). Further, the neck extensor muscle endurance (97 ± 3.79 versus 74.86 ± 2.23 s), was significantly different between groups (p = 0.010) but not after Bonferroni correction. There was no notable difference in the neck flexor muscle endurance, joint position error, SA, and SHA parameters between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and both decreased extensor muscle endurance and changes in neck postural alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidary Torkamani
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834 PC Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Kodakyar Ave.Daneshjo Blvd, Evin, Tehran, 1985713834 PC Iran
| | - Mohsen Vahedi
- grid.472458.80000 0004 0612 774XDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran
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Internet-Related Instruments (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, and Nomophobia Questionnaire) and Their Associations with Distress among Malaysian University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081448. [PMID: 36011105 PMCID: PMC9408412 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of four instruments related to internet use, namely the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), (nine-item) Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMPQ) as well as their associations with psychological distress among Malaysian university students. A total of 380 Malaysian university students (71.6% females, mean age 24.0 years) were recruited through convenience sampling and completed an online survey including questions concerning socio-demographic background, social media addiction, smartphone addiction, internet gaming disorder, and nomophobia. Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis were applied to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments and Cronbach’s alpha value and McDonald’s omega value were used to confirm the internal consistency reliability of the instruments. The unidimensional structure was confirmed for the BSMAS, SABAS, and IGDS9-SF while the four-factor structure was confirmed for NMPQ. All instruments showed good internal consistency reliability. Promising validity and reliability were confirmed for BSMAS, SABAS, IGDS9-SF, and NMPQ. Therefore, they are useful to assess different types of problematic internet use among university students in Malaysia. Furthermore, a significant association was observed between internet use and psychological distress. The present study is the first to investigate the validity and reliability of BSMAS, SABAS, IGDS9-SF, and NMPQ among Malaysian university students using rigorous psychometric testing methods (i.e., Rasch analysis).
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Bai W, Cai H, Wu S, Zhang L, Feng KX, Li YC, Liu HZ, Du X, Zeng ZT, Lu CM, Mi WF, Zhang L, Ding YH, Yang JJ, Jackson T, Cheung T, An FR, Xiang YT. Internet addiction and its association with quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder: a network perspective. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 35379778 PMCID: PMC8977829 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders and internet addiction (IA) are often comorbid. The aims of this study were to examine the network structure of IA in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD) and explore the association between IA and quality of life (QoL) in this population. This was a multicenter, cross-sectional survey. IA and QoL were assessed with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version, respectively. Node expected influence (EI) was used to identify central symptoms in the network model, while the flow network of QoL was generated to examine its association with IA. A total of 1,657 patients with MDD was included. "Preoccupation with the Internet," "Job performance or productivity suffer because of the Internet," and "Neglect chores to spend more time online" were central symptoms. The symptom "Form new relationships with online users" had the strongest direct positive relation with QoL, while "Spend more time online over going out with others" and "Job performance or productivity suffer because of the Internet" had the strongest direct negative relations with QoL. Neglecting work caused by IA correlated with QoL, while making friends online appropriately was related to better QoL among MDD patients. Appropriate interventions targeting the central symptoms may potentially prevent or reduce the risk of IA in MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hong Cai
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province China ,grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Guangji Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanning Fifth People’s Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province China
| | - Ke-Xin Feng
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Liu
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Guangji Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhen-Tao Zeng
- Nanning Fifth People’s Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province China
| | - Chang-Mou Lu
- Nanning Fifth People’s Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Province China
| | - Wen-Fang Mi
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Lan Zhang
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Yan-Hong Ding
- grid.411294.b0000 0004 1798 9345Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Juan-Juan Yang
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XSchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- grid.16890.360000 0004 1764 6123School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China ,grid.437123.00000 0004 1794 8068Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Cai H, Bai W, Yue Y, Zhang L, Mi WF, Li YC, Liu HZ, Du X, Zeng ZT, Lu CM, Zhang L, Feng KX, Ding YH, Yang JJ, Jackson T, Cheung T, An FR, Xiang YT. Mapping network connectivity between internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms in patients with depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:997593. [PMID: 36353572 PMCID: PMC9638086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.997593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Depression often triggers addictive behaviors such as Internet addiction. In this network analysis study, we assessed the association between Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms in patients suffering from clinically stable recurrent depressive disorder (depression hereafter). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 1,267 depressed patients were included. Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms were measured using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. RESULTS The prevalence of IA within this sample was 27.2% (95% CI: 24.7-29.6%) based on the IAT cutoff of 50. IAT15 ("Preoccupation with the Internet"), IAT13 ("Snap or act annoyed if bothered without being online") and IAT2 ("Neglect chores to spend more time online") were the most central nodes in the network model. Additionally, bridge symptoms included the node PHQ1 ("Anhedonia"), followed by PHQ2 ("Sad mood") and IAT3 ("Prefer the excitement online to the time with others"). There was no gender difference in the network structure. CONCLUSION Both key central and bridge symptoms found in the network analysis could be potentially targeted in prevention and treatment for depressed patients with comorbid Internet addiction and residual depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Guangji Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen-Fang Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangdong Du
- Guangji Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Zeng
- Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang-Mou Lu
- Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ke-Xin Feng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Hong Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng-Rong An
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital and the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Psychometric Properties of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR) in Brazilian Adolescents. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Nik Jaafar NR, Bahar N, Ibrahim N, Baharudin A, Wan Ismail WS, Sim ST, Abdul Aziz M, Tan KA. Are Malaysian Youths Overdependent on the Internet?: A Narrative Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:710790. [PMID: 34484002 PMCID: PMC8414518 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overdependence on the internet is a grave concern that has enveloped Malaysian youths which could lead to a variety of sequelae. This narrative review aims to determine the definition of internet overdependence and its associated factors, as well as the potential preventive and treatment strategies for internet overdependence. From the literature, internet overdependence is regarded as a 3-factor model encompassing salience, self-control failure, and serious consequences. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as psychosocial factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were found to be associated with internet overdependence among Malaysian youths. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended by the implementation of various types of treatments, integrating disciplines such as pharmacology, psychotherapy, and family counseling. Despite various terminologies being used and unclear conceptualization of its nomenclature, overdependence on the internet is prevalent among youths in Malaysia. Future research should go toward establishing a clear definition of its terminology and attaining more robust evidence on treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norharlina Bahar
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Prince Court Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normala Ibrahim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Azlin Baharudin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Salwina Wan Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Su Tein Sim
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,AHL Specialist Clinic, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Melisa Abdul Aziz
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Ampang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Aun Tan
- Malaysian Society of Internet Addiction Prevention, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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