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Zanini G, Parodi G, Chiappalone M, Martinoia S. Investigating the reliability of the evoked response in human iPSCs-derived neuronal networks coupled to micro-electrode arrays. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046121. [PMID: 38130601 PMCID: PMC10735322 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of neuronal networks have emerged as a potent instrument for gaining deeper insights into the intricate mechanisms governing the human brain. Notably, the integration of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with micro-electrode arrays offers a means to replicate and dissect both the structural and functional elements of the human brain within a controlled in vitro environment. Given that neuronal communication relies on the emission of electrical (and chemical) stimuli, the employment of electrical stimulation stands as a mean to comprehensively interrogate neuronal assemblies, to better understand their inherent electrophysiological dynamics. However, the establishment of standardized stimulation protocols for cultures derived from hiPSCs is still lacking, thereby hindering the precise delineation of efficacious parameters to elicit responses. To fill this gap, the primary objective of this study resides in delineating effective parameters for the electrical stimulation of hiPSCs-derived neuronal networks, encompassing the determination of voltage amplitude and stimulation frequency able to evoke reliable and stable responses. This study represents a stepping-stone in the exploration of efficacious stimulation parameters, thus broadening the electrophysiological activity profiling of neural networks sourced from human-induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zanini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Parodi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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2
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Cancel LM, Silas D, Bikson M, Tarbell JM. Direct current stimulation modulates gene expression in isolated astrocytes with implications for glia-mediated plasticity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17964. [PMID: 36289296 PMCID: PMC9606293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While the applications of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) across brain disease and cognition are diverse, they rely on changes in brain function outlasting stimulation. The cellular mechanisms of DCS leading to brain plasticity have been studied, but the role of astrocytes remains unaddressed. We previously predicted that during tDCS current is concentrated across the blood brain-barrier. This will amplify exposure of endothelial cells (ECs) that form blood vessels and of astrocytes that wrap around them. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tDCS on the gene expression by astrocytes or ECs. DCS (0.1 or 1 mA, 10 min) was applied to monolayers of mouse brain ECs or human astrocytes. Gene expression of a set of neuroactive genes were measured using RT-qPCR. Expression was assessed immediately or 1 h after DCS. Because we previously showed that DCS can produce electroosmotic flow and fluid shear stress known to influence EC and astrocyte function, we compared three interventions: pressure-driven flow across the monolayer alone, pressure-driven flow plus DCS, and DCS alone with flow blocked. We show that DCS can directly modulate gene expression in astrocytes (notably FOS and BDNF), independent of but synergistic with pressure-driven flow gene expression. In ECs, pressure-driven flow activates genes expression with no evidence of further contribution from DCS. In ECs, DCS alone produced mixed effects including an upregulation of FGF9 and downregulation of NTF3. We propose a new adjunct mechanism for tDCS based on glial meditated plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limary M Cancel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, Steinman Hall, Room 404C, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Dharia Silas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, Steinman Hall, Room 404C, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, Steinman Hall, Room 404C, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - John M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, Steinman Hall, Room 404C, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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3
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Khan ZM, Wilts E, Vlaisavljevich E, Long TE, Verbridge SS. Electroresponsive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Applications in the Brain. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100355. [PMID: 34800348 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroresponsive hydrogels possess a conducting material component and respond to electric stimulation through reversible absorption and expulsion of water. The high level of hydration, soft elastomeric compliance, biocompatibility, and enhanced electrochemical properties render these hydrogels suitable for implantation in the brain to enhance the transmission of neural electric signals and ion transport. This review provides an overview of critical electroresponsive hydrogel properties for augmenting electric stimulation in the brain. A background on electric stimulation in the brain through electroresponsive hydrogels is provided. Common conducting materials and general techniques to integrate them into hydrogels are briefly discussed. This review focuses on and summarizes advances in electric stimulation of electroconductive hydrogels for therapeutic applications in the brain, such as for controlling delivery of drugs, directing neural stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis, improving neural biosensor capabilities, and enhancing neural electrode-tissue interfaces. The key challenges in each of these applications are discussed and recommendations for future research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerin M Khan
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Emily Wilts
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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4
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Pérez P, Serrano JA, Olmo A. 3D-Printed Sensors and Actuators in Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering: Framework and Research Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5617. [PMID: 33019576 PMCID: PMC7582847 DOI: 10.3390/s20195617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing technologies have been recently proposed to monitor cell cultures and implement cell bioreactors for different biological applications. In tissue engineering, the control of tissue formation is crucial to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance, and 3D printing technologies can also play an important role for this purpose. In this work, we study 3D-printed sensors that have been recently used in cell culture and tissue engineering applications in biological laboratories, with a special focus on the technique of electrical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, we study new 3D-printed actuators used for the stimulation of stem cells cultures, which is of high importance in the process of tissue formation and regenerative medicine. Key challenges and open issues, such as the use of 3D printing techniques in implantable devices for regenerative medicine, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (P.P.); (J.A.S.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (P.P.); (J.A.S.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (P.P.); (J.A.S.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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5
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Olmo A, Yuste Y, Serrano JA, Maldonado-Jacobi A, Pérez P, Huertas G, Pereira S, Yufera A, de la Portilla F. Electrical Modeling of the Growth and Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts Cell Cultures for Tissue Engineering. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113152. [PMID: 32498394 PMCID: PMC7309147 DOI: 10.3390/s20113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, of utmost importance is the control of tissue formation, in order to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance. In this work, we present the use of an impedance spectroscopy technique for the real-time measurement of the dielectric properties of skeletal myoblast cell cultures. The processes involved in the growth and differentiation of these cell cultures in skeletal muscle are studied. A circuit based on the oscillation-based test technique was used, avoiding the use of high-performance circuitry or external input signals. The effect of electrical pulse stimulation applied to cell cultures was also studied. The technique proved useful for monitoring in real-time the processes of cell growth and estimating the fill factor of muscular stem cells. Impedance spectroscopy was also useful to study the real-time monitoring of cell differentiation, obtaining different oscillation amplitude levels for differentiated and undifferentiated cell cultures. Finally, an electrical model was implemented to better understand the physical properties of the cell culture and control the tissue formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-55-43-25
| | - Yaiza Yuste
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Andres Maldonado-Jacobi
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Facultad de Física, Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Alberto Yufera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Portilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
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6
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Villanueva P, Pereira S, Olmo A, Pérez P, Yuste Y, Yúfera A, Portilla F. Electrical pulse stimulation of skeletal myoblasts cell cultures with simulated action potentials. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1265-1269. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Villanueva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla Spain
| | - Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de SevillaIMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla) Sevilla Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología ElectrónicaUniversidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de SevillaIMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla) Sevilla Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología ElectrónicaUniversidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - Yaiza Yuste
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de SevillaIMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla) Sevilla Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología ElectrónicaUniversidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - Fernando Portilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS)Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla Spain
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7
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A microfluidic device for noninvasive cell electrical stimulation and extracellular field potential analysis. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:20. [PMID: 30790059 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed a device that can quickly apply versatile electrical stimulation (ES) signals to cells suspended in microfluidic channels and measure extracellular field potential simultaneously. The device could trap cells onto the surface of measurement electrodes for ES and push them to the downstream channel after ES by increasing pressure for continuous measurement. Cardiomyocytes, major functional cells in heart, together with human fibroblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, were tested with the device. Extracellular field potential signals generated from the cells were recorded. We found that under electrical stimulation, cardiomyocytes were triggered to alter their field potential, while non-excitable cells were not triggered. Hence this device can noninvasively distinguish electrically excitable cells from electrically non-excitable cells. Results have also shown that increased cardiomyocyte cell number led to increased magnitude and occurrence of the cell responses. This relationship could be used to detect the viable cells in a cardiac tissue. Application of variable ES signals on different cardiomyocyte clusters has shown that the application of ES clearly boosted cardiomyocytes electrical activities according to the stimulation frequency. In addition, we confirmed that the device can apply ES onto and detect the electrical responses from a mixed cell cluster; the responses from the mixed cluster is dependent on the ratio of cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrated that our device could be used as a tool to optimize ES conditions to facilitate the functional engineered cardiac tissue development.
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8
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Imaninezhad M, Pemberton K, Xu F, Kalinowski K, Bera R, Zustiak SP. Directed and enhanced neurite outgrowth following exogenous electrical stimulation on carbon nanotube-hydrogel composites. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056034. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aad65b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Xu Q, Jin L, Li C, Kuddannayai S, Zhang Y. The effect of electrical stimulation on cortical cells in 3D nanofibrous scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11027-11035. [PMID: 35541524 PMCID: PMC9079102 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular behaviors are significantly affected by cellular microenvironment, including mechanical supports, electrical and chemical cues, etc. Three dimensional conductive nanofibers (3D-CNFs) provide the capability to regulate cellular behaviors using mechanical, geometrical and electrical cues together, which are especially important in neural tissue engineering. However, very few studies were conducted to address combined effects of 3D nanofibrous scaffolds and electrical stimulation (ES) on cortical cell cultures. In the present study, polypyrrole (PPy)-coated electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with a 3D structure were successfully prepared for the cortical cell culture, which was compared to cells cultured in the 2D-CNFs meshes, as well as that in the bare PAN nanofibers, both in 2D and 3D. While smooth PAN 3D nanofibers showed dispersive cell distribution, PPy coated 3D-CNFs showed clusters of cortical cells. The combined effects of 3D conductive nanofibers and ES on neurons and glial cells were studied. Different from previous observations on 2D substrates, pulsed electrical stimulations could prevent formation of cell clusters if applied at the beginning of culture, but could not disperse the clusters of cortical cells already formed. Furthermore, the electrical stimulations improved the proliferation of glial cells and accelerate neuron maturation. This study enriched the growing body of evidence for using electrical stimulation and 3D conductive nanofibers to control the culture of cortical cells, which have broad applications in neural engineering, such as implantation, biofunctional in vitro model, etc. Cellular behaviors are significantly affected by cellular microenvironment, including mechanical supports, electrical and chemical cues, etc.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Xu
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Lin Jin
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital
- Zhengzhou 450003
- P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials
- Zhoukou Normal University
| | - Cheng Li
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637551
- Singapore
| | - Shreyas Kuddannayai
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
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10
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Ledo A, Lourenço CF, Laranjinha J, Brett CMA, Gerhardt GA, Barbosa RM. Ceramic-Based Multisite Platinum Microelectrode Arrays: Morphological Characteristics and Electrochemical Performance for Extracellular Oxygen Measurements in Brain Tissue. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1674-1683. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ledo
- Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia F. Lourenço
- Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Christopher M. A. Brett
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Greg A. Gerhardt
- Center
for Microelectrode Technology (CenMeT), Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Rui M. Barbosa
- Center
for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Bamford JA, Marc Lebel R, Parseyan K, Mushahwar VK. The Fabrication, Implantation, and Stability of Intraspinal Microwire Arrays in the Spinal Cord of Cat and Rat. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 25:287-296. [PMID: 28113558 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2555959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is currently under investigation for its ability to restore function following spinal cord injury and aid in addressing basic investigations of the spinal cord in feline and murine (rat) models. In this report we describe the procedures for fabricating and implanting intraspinal microwires, with special emphasis on the rat model. We also report our results on targeting success and long-term stability and functionality of the implants. Early targeting with implants fabricated based on general "average" dimensions of the spinal cord was approximately 50% successful in reaching the proper targets within the ventral grey matter in cats. Improvements in insertion technique and the use of multiple contact electrodes have raised the targeting success to 100%. Furthermore, the manufacturing of ISMS arrays has been improved by the use of magnetic resonance imaging to create subject-specific implants for cats and track the location of the arrays post-implant. In the rat, our procedures have produced desirable targeting of all recovered microwires. We speculate this is due to the different targeting parameters and the shorter depth of insertion in the rat spinal cord. Although there is a heightened mechanical mismatch between the 30 μm -diameter microwires and the small rat spinal cord, chronic implantation and stimulation produce limited histological damage and do not compromise function. Furthermore, despite the increased difficulties of implanting into the smaller rat spinal cord, ISMS is effective in activating spinal cord networks in the lumbosacral enlargement in a manner that is safe, stable and reproducible.
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12
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Shimba K, Sakai K, Takayama Y, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Recording axonal conduction to evaluate the integration of pluripotent cell-derived neurons into a neuronal network. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:94. [PMID: 26303583 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-015-9997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy to treat neurodegenerative disorders, and a number of in vitro models have been developed for studying interactions between grafted neurons and the host neuronal network to promote drug discovery. However, methods capable of evaluating the process by which stem cells integrate into the host neuronal network are lacking. In this study, we applied an axonal conduction-based analysis to a co-culture study of primary and differentiated neurons. Mouse cortical neurons and neuronal cells differentiated from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, a model for early neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, were co-cultured in a microfabricated device. The somata of these cells were separated by the co-culture device, but their axons were able to elongate through microtunnels and then form synaptic contacts. Propagating action potentials were recorded from these axons by microelectrodes embedded at the bottom of the microtunnels and sorted into clusters representing individual axons. While the number of axons of cortical neurons increased until 14 days in vitro and then decreased, those of P19 neurons increased throughout the culture period. Network burst analysis showed that P19 neurons participated in approximately 80% of the bursting activity after 14 days in vitro. Interestingly, the axonal conduction delay of P19 neurons was significantly greater than that of cortical neurons, suggesting that there are some physiological differences in their axons. These results suggest that our method is feasible to evaluate the process by which stem cell-derived neurons integrate into a host neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shimba
- Department of Human and Engineered Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Room 1122, Faculty of Engineering Bldg., 14, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan,
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13
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Stewart E, Kobayashi NR, Higgins MJ, Quigley AF, Jamali S, Moulton SE, Kapsa RMI, Wallace GG, Crook JM. Electrical stimulation using conductive polymer polypyrrole promotes differentiation of human neural stem cells: a biocompatible platform for translational neural tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:385-93. [PMID: 25296166 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive polymers (CPs) are organic materials that hold great promise for biomedicine. Potential applications include in vitro or implantable electrodes for excitable cell recording and stimulation and conductive scaffolds for cell support and tissue engineering. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of electroactive CP polypyrrole (PPy) containing the anionic dopant dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) to differentiate novel clinically relevant human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Electrical stimulation of PPy(DBS) induced hNSCs to predominantly β-III Tubulin (Tuj1) expressing neurons, with lower induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressing glial cells. In addition, stimulated cultures comprised nodes or clusters of neurons with longer neurites and greater branching than unstimulated cultures. Cell clusters showed a similar spatial distribution to regions of higher conductivity on the film surface. Our findings support the use of electrical stimulation to promote neuronal induction and the biocompatibility of PPy(DBS) with hNSCs and opens up the possibility of identifying novel mechanisms of fate determination of differentiating human stem cells for advanced in vitro modeling, translational drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Stewart
- 1 ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong , Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, Australia
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Jahanshahi A, Schönfeld LM, Lemmens E, Hendrix S, Temel Y. In vitro and in vivo neuronal electrotaxis: a potential mechanism for restoration? Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:1005-16. [PMID: 24243342 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrical brain stimulation used to treat a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases is entering a new period. The technique is well established and the potential complications are well known and generally manageable. Recent studies demonstrated that electrical fields (EFs) can enhance neuroplasticity-related processes. EFs applied in the physiological range induce migration of different neural cell types from different species in vitro. There are some evidences that also the speed and directedness of cell migration are enhanced by EFs. However, it is still unclear how electrical signals from the extracellular space are translated into intracellular actions resulting in the so-called electrotaxis phenomenon. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the data on responses of cells to electrical stimulation and the relation to functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands,
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15
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Jahanshahi A, Schonfeld L, Janssen MLF, Hescham S, Kocabicak E, Steinbusch HWM, van Overbeeke JJ, Temel Y. Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex enhances progenitor cell migration in the adult rat brain. Exp Brain Res 2013; 231:165-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Béduer A, Gonzales-Calvo I, Vieu C, Loubinoux I, Vaysse L. Investigation of the Competition Between Cell/Surface and Cell/Cell Interactions During Neuronal Cell Culture on a Micro-Engineered Surface. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1546-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Béduer
- CNRS-LAAS; 7 avenue du colonel Roche; F-31400 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, LAAS; F-31400 Toulouse France
- ITAV; Centre Pierre Potier; F-31106 Toulouse France
| | - Inès Gonzales-Calvo
- ITAV; Centre Pierre Potier; F-31106 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques UMR 825, CHU Purpan; F-31024 Toulouse France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- CNRS-LAAS; 7 avenue du colonel Roche; F-31400 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, LAAS; F-31400 Toulouse France
| | - Isabelle Loubinoux
- ITAV; Centre Pierre Potier; F-31106 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques UMR 825, CHU Purpan; F-31024 Toulouse France
| | - Laurence Vaysse
- ITAV; Centre Pierre Potier; F-31106 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques UMR 825, CHU Purpan; F-31024 Toulouse France
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17
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Morishita T, Yamashita A, Katayama Y, Oshima H, Nishizaki Y, Shijo K, Fukaya C, Yamamoto T. Chronological changes in astrocytes induced by chronic electrical sensorimotor cortex stimulation in rats. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2013; 51:496-502. [PMID: 21785243 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.51.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is a treatment option for various disorders such as medically refractory pain, poststroke hemiplegia, and movement disorders. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its effects remain unknown. In this study, the effects of long-term chronic MCS were investigated by observing changes in astrocytes. A quadripolar stimulation electrode was implanted on the dura over the sensorimotor cortex of adult rats, and the cortex was continuously stimulated for 3 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining of microglia (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 [Iba1] staining) and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] staining), and neuronal degeneration histochemistry (Fluoro-Jade B staining) were carried out to investigate the morphological changes following long-term chronic MCS. Iba1 staining and Fluoro-Jade B staining showed no evidence of Iba1-positive microglial changes or neurodegeneration. Following continuous MCS, GFAP-positive astrocytes were enlarged and their number increased in the cortex and the thalamus of the stimulated hemisphere. These findings indicate that chronic electrical stimulation can continuously activate astrocytes and result in morphological and quantitative changes. These changes may be involved in the mechanisms underlying the neuroplasticity effect induced by MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Morishita
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Wallace GG, Higgins MJ, Moulton SE, Wang C. Nanobionics: the impact of nanotechnology on implantable medical bionic devices. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:4327-4347. [PMID: 22695635 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The nexus of any bionic device can be found at the electrode-cellular interface. Overall efficiency is determined by our ability to transfer electronic information across that interface. The nanostructure imparted to electrodes plays a critical role in controlling the cascade of events that determines the composition and structure of that interface. With commonly used conductors: metals, carbon and organic conducting polymers, a number of approaches that promote control over structure in the nanodomain have emerged in recent years with subsequent studies revealing a critical dependency between nanostructure and cellular behaviour. As we continue to develop our understanding of how to create and characterise electromaterials in the nanodomain, this is expected to have a profound effect on the development of next generation bionic devices. In this review, we focus on advances in fabricating nanostructured electrodes that present new opportunities in the field of medical bionics. We also briefly evaluate the interactions of living cells with the nanostructured electromaterials, in addition to highlighting emerging tools used for nanofabrication and nanocharacterisation of the electrode-cellular interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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19
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Heim M, Yvert B, Kuhn A. Nanostructuration strategies to enhance microelectrode array (MEA) performance for neuronal recording and stimulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 106:137-45. [PMID: 22027264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are widely used tools for recording and stimulating extracellular neuronal activity. Major limitations when decreasing electrode size in dense arrays are increased noise level and low charge injection capability. Nanostructuration of the electrode sites on MEAs presents an efficient way to overcome these problems by decreasing the impedance of the electrode/solution interface. Here, we review different techniques used to achieve this goal including template assisted electrodeposition for generating macro- and mesoporous films, immobilization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and deposition of conducting polymers onto microelectrodes. When tested during in vitro and in vivo measurements, nanostructured MEAs display improved sensitivity during recording of neuronal activity together with a higher efficiency in the stimulation process compared to conventional microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heim
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR5255, Bordeaux F-33000, France
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20
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Shein-Idelson M, Ben-Jacob E, Hanein Y. Engineered neuronal circuits: a new platform for studying the role of modular topology. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2011; 4:10. [PMID: 21991254 PMCID: PMC3180629 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2011.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Neuron–glia cultures serve as a valuable model system for exploring the bio-molecular activity of single cells. Since neurons in culture can be conveniently recorded with great fidelity from many sites simultaneously, it has long been suggested that uniform cultured neurons may also be used to investigate network-level mechanisms pertinent to information processing, activity propagation, memory, and learning. But how much of the functionality of neural circuits can be retained in vitro remains an open question. Recent studies utilizing patterned networks suggest that they provide a most useful platform to address fundamental questions in neuroscience. Here we review recent efforts in the realm of patterned networks’ activity investigations. We give a brief overview of the patterning methods and experimental approaches commonly employed in the field, and summarize the main results reported in the literature. The general picture that emerges from these reports indicates that patterned networks with uniform connectivity do not exhibit unique activity patterns. Rather, their activity is very similar to that of unpatterned uniform networks. However, by breaking the connectivity homogeneity, using a modular architecture, it is possible to introduce pronounced topology-related gating and delay effects. These findings suggest that patterned cultured networks may serve as a new platform for studying the role of modularity in neuronal circuits.
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21
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Jun SB, Smith KL, Shain W, Dowell-Mesfin NM, Kim SJ, Hynd MR. Optical monitoring of neural networks evoked by focal electrical stimulation on microelectrode arrays using FM dyes. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:933-40. [PMID: 20490941 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patch-clamping or microelectrode arrays (MEA) are conventional methods to monitor the electrical activity in biological neural networks in vitro. Despite the effectiveness of these techniques, there are disadvantages including the limited number of electrodes and the predetermined location of electrodes in MEAs. In particular, these drawbacks raise a difficulty in monitoring a number of neurons outnumbering the electrodes. Here, we propose an optical technique to determine the effective range of focal electrical stimulation using FM dyes in neural networks grown on planar-type MEAs. After 3 weeks in culture, electrical stimulation was delivered to neural networks via an underlying electrode in the presence of FM dyes. The stimulation induced the internalization of the dye into the neurons around the stimulating electrodes. Fluorescent images of dye distribution successfully showed the effects of focal stimulation. A range of stimulus amplitudes and frequencies were examined to collect fluorescence images. FM-dye uptake after electrical stimulation resulted in the labeling of cells up to approximately 300 microm away from the stimulating electrode. Fluorescence intensity increased proportionally to stimulation amplitude. Tetrodotoxin was shown to inhibit the labeling of neurons except those located immediately adjacent (within 40 microm) from the stimulating electrode. In the presence of AMPA and NMDA receptors antagonists, the FM-dye labeling appeared within 80 microm from the electrode, indicating directly evoked neural networks via blocking of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These results showed that FM dyes can be a useful tool for monitoring activity-dependent synaptic events and determining the effect of focal stimulation in cultured neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Beom Jun
- Nano-Bioelectronics & Systems Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Lee SH, Jeong SH, Jun SB, Kim SJ, Park TH. Enhancement of cellular olfactory signal by electrical stimulation. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3283-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Jeong SH, Jun SB, Song JK, Kim SJ. Activity-dependent neuronal cell migration induced by electrical stimulation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2008; 47:93-9. [PMID: 19034544 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-008-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we found that electrical stimulation can induce neuronal migration in neural networks cultured for more than 3 weeks on microelectrode arrays. Immunocytochemistry data showed that the aggregation of neurons was related to the emergence of astrocytes in culture. In this study, when neurons were cocultured with astrocytes, electrical stimulation could induce the migration of neuronal cell bodies after only 1 week in culture, while the same stimulation paradigm caused neural necrosis in neuron-only cultures. In addition, the stimulation-induced migration was inhibited by blocking action potentials in neural networks using the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin. Immunocytochemistry was performed to monitor precisely the neuronal migration and count the number of neurons. These results indicate that neuronal migration of cell bodies is dependent on neuronal activity evoked by electrical stimulation and can be enhanced by coculturing with astrocytes. We believe this method can be employed as a means for modifying neural networks and improving the interface between electrodes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hoon Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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24
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Woo EJ, Kim HJ, Spaan JAE. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (WC2006, Seoul). Med Biol Eng Comput 2007; 45:1003-4. [PMID: 18004602 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-007-0284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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