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Wu W, Liao X, Wang L, Chen S, Zhuang J, Zheng Q. Rapid scanning method for SICM based on autoencoder network. Micron 2024; 177:103579. [PMID: 38154409 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) enables non-destructive imaging of living cells, which makes it highly valuable in life sciences, medicine, pharmacology, and many other fields. However, because of the uncertainty retrace height of SICM hopping mode, the time resolution of SICM is relatively low, which makes the device fail to meet the demands of dynamic scanning. To address above issues, we propose a fast-scanning method for SICM based on an autoencoder network. Firstly, we cut under-sampled images into small image lists. Secondly, we feed them into a self-constructed primitive-autoencoder super-resolution network to compute high-resolution images. Finally, the inferred scanning path is determined using the computed images to reconstruct the real high-resolution scanning path. The results demonstrate that the proposed network can reconstruct higher-resolution images in various super-resolution tasks of low-resolution scanned images. Compared to existing traditional interpolation methods, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio improvement is greater than 7.5823 dB, and the average structural similarity index improvement is greater than 0.2372. At the same time, using the proposed method for high-resolution image scanning leads to a 156.25% speed improvement compared to traditional methods. It opens up possibilities for achieving high-time resolution imaging of dynamic samples in SICM and further promotes the widespread application of SICM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- School of Mechan ical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- School of Mechan ical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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2
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Jia J, Li Z, Hu B, Wang Y, Wang J, Li C, Xiang W. Research on Geometric Constraint Strategies for Controlling the Diameter of Micro-Shafts Manufactured via Wire Electric Discharge Grinding. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2178. [PMID: 38138345 PMCID: PMC10745375 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Micro-tools comprising difficult-to-machine materials have seen widespread application in micro-manufacturing to satisfy the demands of micro-part processing and micro-device development. Taking micro-shafts as an example, the related developmental technology, based on wire electric discharge grinding (WEDG) as the core method, is one of the key technologies used to prepare high-precision micro-shafts. To enable efficient and high-precision machining of micro-shafts with target diameters, instead of performing multiple repeated on-machine measurements and reprocessing, a geometric constraint strategy is proposed based on the previously introduced twin-mirroring-wire tangential feed electrical discharge grinding (TMTF-WEDG). This strategy encompasses the tool setting method, tangential feed distance compensation, and an equation that establishes the relationship between tangential distance and diameter variation. These components are derived from a key points analysis of the geometric constraints. The micro-shafts with diameters of 50 µm and consistencies of ±1.5 µm are repeatedly processed. A series of micro-shafts with diameters ranging from 30 µm to 120 µm achieve geometric constraints with a diameter accuracy of ±2 µm, accompanied by the complete continuous automation of the entire process. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the geometric constraint strategy is flexible and stable and can be controlled with high precision in the TMTF-WEDG process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Machining of Shanxi Province, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.J.); (Z.L.); (B.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Machining of Shanxi Province, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.J.); (Z.L.); (B.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Machining of Shanxi Province, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.J.); (Z.L.); (B.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Machining of Shanxi Province, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.J.); (Z.L.); (B.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Machining of Shanxi Province, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; (J.J.); (Z.L.); (B.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Congbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiang
- Taizhou Jiuju Technology Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317600, China;
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3
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Xiao L, Sun Y, Liao L, Su X. Response of mesenchymal stem cells to surface topography of scaffolds and the underlying mechanisms. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2550-2567. [PMID: 36852826 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) serve as essential components of regenerative medicine. Their destiny is influenced by the interaction of the cells with the external environment. In addition to the biochemical cues in a microenvironment, physical cues of the topography of the surrounding materials such as the extracellular matrix emerge as a crucial regulator of stem cell destiny and function. With recent advances in technologies of materials production and surface modification, surfaces with micro/nanotopographical characteristics can be fabricated to mimic the micro/nanoscale mechanical stimuli of the extracellular matrix environment and regulate the biological behavior of cells. Understanding the interaction of cells with the topography of a surface is conducive to the control of stem cell fate for application in regenerative medicine. However, the mechanisms by which topography affects the biological behavior of stem cells have not been fully elucidated. This review will present the effects of surface topography at the nano/micrometer scale on stem cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. It also focuses on discussing current theories about the sensing and recognition of surface topology cues, the transduction of the extracellular cues into plasma, and the final activation of related signaling pathways and downstream gene expression in MSCs. These insights will provide a theoretical basis for the future design of biomaterial scaffolds for application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatrics & Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Pingale P, Kendre P, Pardeshi K, Rajput A. An emerging era in manufacturing of drug delivery systems: Nanofabrication techniques. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14247. [PMID: 36938476 PMCID: PMC10018573 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the capability of making significant contributions to healthcare. Nanofabrication of multifunctional nano- or micro-character systems is becoming incredibly influential in various sectors like electronics, photonics, energy, and biomedical gadgets worldwide. The invention of such items led to the merger of moderate cost and excellent quality nano or micro-characters into 3D structures. Nanofabrication techniques have many benefits as the primary technology for manipulating cellular surroundings to research signaling processes. The inherent nanoscale mechanisms of cyto-reactions include the existence and death of cells, stem cell segmentation, multiplication, cellular relocation, etc. Nanofabrication is essential in developing various nano-formulations like solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, microemulsions etc. Despite the initial development cost in designing the nanofabrication-based products, it has also reduced the total cost of the healthcare system by considering the added benefits compared to the other standard formulations. Thus, the current review mainly focuses on nanofabrication techniques, advantages, disadvantages, applications in developing various nanocarrier systems, challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik 422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Kendre
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, At Post-Malvihir, Botha Road, Tal. Buldana, Dist. Buldana, 422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krutika Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik 422231, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharti Vidyapeeth Educational Complex, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Goswami PP, Deshpande T, Rotake DR, Singh SG. Near perfect classification of cardiac biomarker Troponin-I in human serum assisted by SnS2-CNT composite, explainable ML, and operating-voltage-selection-algorithm. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Guerrero J, Ghayor C, Bhattacharya I, Weber FE. Osteoconductivity of bone substitutes with filament-based microarchitectures: Influence of directionality, filament dimension, and distance. Int J Bioprint 2022; 9:626. [PMID: 36844242 PMCID: PMC9947381 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v9i1.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
63Additive manufacturing can be applied to produce personalized bone substitutes. At present, the major three-dimensional (3D) printing methodology relies on filament extrusion. In bioprinting, the extruded filament consists mainly of hydrogels, in which growth factors and cells are embedded. In this study, we used a lithography-based 3D printing methodology to mimic filament-based microarchitectures by varying the filament dimension and the distance between the filaments. In the first set of scaffolds, all filaments were aligned toward bone ingrowth direction. In a second set of scaffolds, which were derived from the identical microarchitecture but tilted by 90°, only 50% of the filaments were in line with the bone ingrowth direction. Testing of all tricalcium phosphate-based constructs for osteoconduction and bone regeneration was performed in a rabbit calvarial defect model. The results revealed that if all filaments are in line with the direction of bone ingrowth, filament size and distance (0.40-1.25 mm) had no significant influence on defect bridging. However, with 50% of filaments aligned, osteoconductivity declined significantly with an increase in filament dimension and distance. Therefore, for filament-based 3D- or bio-printed bone substitutes, the distance between the filaments should be 0.40 to 0.50 mm irrespective of the direction of bone ingrowth or up to 0.83 mm if perfectly aligned to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guerrero
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chafik Ghayor
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Center of Dental Medicine, Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland,CABMM, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland,Corresponding author: Franz E. Weber ()
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7
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Validation of Easy Fabrication Methods for PDMS-Based Microfluidic (Bio)Reactors. SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sci4040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The common method for producing casting molds for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips is standard photolithography. This technique offers high resolution from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. However, this mold fabrication method is costly, time-consuming, and might require clean room facilities. Additionally, there is a need for non-micromechanics experts, who do not have specialized equipment to easily and quickly prototype chips themselves. Simple, so-called, makerspace technologies are increasingly being explored as alternatives that have potential to enable anyone to fabricate microfluidic structures. We therefore tested simple fabrication methods for a PDMS-based microfluidic device. On the one hand, channels were replicated from capillaries and tape. On the other hand, different mold fabrication methods, namely laser cutting, fused layer 3D printing, stereolithographic 3D printing, and computer numerical control (CNC) milling, were validated in terms of machine accuracy and tightness. Most of these methods are already known, but the incorporation and retention of particles with sizes in the micrometer range have been less investigated. We therefore tested two different types of particles, which are actually common carriers for the immobilization of enzymes, so that the resulting reactor could ultimately be used as a microfluidic bioreactor. Furthermore, CNC milling provide the most reliable casting mold fabrication method. After some optimization steps with regard to manufacturing settings and post-processing polishing, the chips were tested for the retention of two different particle types (spherical and non-spherical particles). In this way, we successfully tested the obtained PDMS-based microfluidic chips for their potential applicability as (bio)reactors with enzyme immobilization carrier beads.
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8
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Tudureanu R, Handrea-Dragan IM, Boca S, Botiz I. Insight and Recent Advances into the Role of Topography on the Cell Differentiation and Proliferation on Biopolymeric Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147731. [PMID: 35887079 PMCID: PMC9315624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that surface topography plays an important role in cell behavior, including adhesion, migration, orientation, elongation, proliferation and differentiation. Studying these cell functions is essential in order to better understand and control specific characteristics of the cells and thus to enhance their potential in various biomedical applications. This review proposes to investigate the extent to which various surface relief patterns, imprinted in biopolymer films or in polymeric films coated with biopolymers, by utilizing specific lithographic techniques, influence cell behavior and development. We aim to understand how characteristics such as shape, dimension or chemical functionality of surface relief patterns alter the orientation and elongation of cells, and thus, finally make their mark on the cell proliferation and differentiation. We infer that such an insight is a prerequisite for pushing forward the comprehension of the methodologies and technologies used in tissue engineering applications and products, including skin or bone implants and wound or fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Tudureanu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana M. Handrea-Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sanda Boca
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.T.); (I.M.H.-D.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Morgan K, Bryans A, Brzeszczyński F, Samuel K, Treskes P, Brzeszczyńska J, Morley SD, Hayes PC, Gadegaard N, Nelson LJ, Plevris JN. Oxygen Plasma Substrate and Specific Nanopattern Promote Early Differentiation of HepaRG Progenitors. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 26:1064-1076. [PMID: 32292123 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully differentiated HepaRG™ cells are the hepatic cell line of choice for in vitro study in toxicology and drug trials. They are derived from a hepatoblast-like progenitor (HepaRG-P) that differentiates into a coculture of hepatocyte-like and cholangiocyte-like cells. This process that requires 2 weeks of proliferation followed by 2 weeks of differentiation using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can be time consuming and costly. Identifying a method to accelerate HepaRG-Ps toward a mature lineage would save both time and money. The ability to do this in the absence of DMSO would remove the possibility of confounding toxicology results caused by DMSO induction of CYP pathways. It has been shown that tissue culture substrates play an important role in the development and maturity of a cell line, and this is particularly important for progenitor cells, which retain some form of plasticity. Oxygen plasma treatment is used extensively to modify cell culture substrates. There is also evidence that patterned rather than planar surfaces have a positive effect on proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we compared the effect of standard tissue culture plastic (TCP), oxygen plasma coated (OPC), and nanopatterned substrates (NPS) on early differentiation and function of HepaRG-P cells. Since NPS were OPC we initially compared the effect of TCP and OPC to enable comparison between all three culture surfaces using OPC as control to asses if patterning further enhanced early differentiation and functionality. The results show that HepaRG-P's grown on OPC substrate exhibited earlier differentiation, proliferation, and function compared with TCP. Culturing HepaRG-P's on OPC with the addition of NPS did not confer any additional advantage. In conclusion, OPC surface appeared to enhance hepatic differentiation and functionality and could replace traditional methods of differentiating HepaRG-P cells into fully differentiated and functional HepaRGs earlier than standard methods. Impact statement We show significantly earlier differentiation and function of HepaRG progenitor cells when grown in dimethyl sulfoxide-free medium on oxygen plasma substrates versus standard tissue culture plastic. Further investigation showed that nanopatterning of oxygen plasma substrates did not confer any additional advantage over smooth oxygen plasma, although one pattern (DSQ120) showed comparable early differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Morgan
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Bryans
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Brzeszczyński
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Samuel
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Advanced Therapeutics, The Jack Copland Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Treskes
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Steven D Morley
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C Hayes
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for BioEngineering (IBioE), School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John N Plevris
- Hepatology Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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So S, Khalaf A, Yi X, Herring C, Zhang Y, Simon MA, Akcakaya M, Lee S, Yun M. Induced bioresistance via BNP detection for machine learning-based risk assessment. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 175:112903. [PMID: 33370705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Machine Learning (ML) is a powerful tool for big data analysis that shows substantial potential in the field of healthcare. Individual patient data can be inundative, but its value can be extracted by ML's predictive power and ability to find trends. A great area of interest is early diagnosis and disease management strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the world. Treatment is often inhibited by analysis delays, but rapid testing and determination can help improve frequency for real time monitoring. In this research, an ML algorithm was developed in conjunction with a flexible BNP sensor to create a quick diagnostic tool. The sensor was fabricated as an ion-selective field effect transistor (ISFET) in order to be able to quickly gather large amounts of electrical data from a sample. Artifical samples were tested to characterize the sensors using linear sweep voltammetry, and the resulting data was utilized as the initial training set for the ML algorithm, an implementation of quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) written in MATLAB. Human blood serum samples from 30 University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) patients were tested to evaluate the effective sorting power of the algorithm, yielding 95% power in addition to ultra fast data collection and determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth So
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Aya Khalaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Xinruo Yi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Connor Herring
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Marc A Simon
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Bioengineering, and Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Murat Akcakaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - SeungHee Lee
- Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering and Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Yun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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11
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Zhang W, Yang Y, Cui B. New perspectives on the roles of nanoscale surface topography in modulating intracellular signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 25:100873. [PMID: 33364912 PMCID: PMC7751896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of biomaterials, such as elasticity, stiffness, and surface nanotopography, are mechanical cues that regulate a broad spectrum of cell behaviors, including migration, differentiation, proliferation, and reprogramming. Among them, nanoscale surface topography, i.e. nanotopography, defines the nanoscale shape and spatial arrangement of surface elements, which directly interact with the cell membranes and stimulate changes in the cell signaling pathways. In biological systems, the effects of nanotopography are often entangled with those of other mechanical and biochemical factors. Precise engineering of 2D nanopatterns and 3D nanostructures with well-defined features has provided a powerful means to study the cellular responses to specific topographic features. In this Review, we discuss efforts in the last three years to understand how nanotopography affects membrane receptor activation, curvature-induced cell signaling, and stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, ChEM-H/Wu Tsai Neuroscience Research Complex, S285, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
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12
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Xu B, Saygin V, Brown KA, Andersson SB. High-resolution measurement of atomic force microscope cantilever resonance frequency. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123705. [PMID: 33379947 DOI: 10.1063/5.0026069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) is widely used in a wide range of applications due to its high scanning resolution and diverse scanning modes. In many applications, there is a need for accurate and precise measurement of the vibrational resonance frequency of a cantilever. These frequency shifts can be related to changes in mass of the cantilever arising from, e.g., loss of fluid due to a nanolithography operation. A common method of measuring resonance frequency examines the power spectral density of the free random motion of the cantilever, commonly known as a thermal. While the thermal is capable of reasonable measurement resolution and speed, some applications are sensitive to changes in the resonance frequency of the cantilever, which are small, rapid, or both, and the performance of the thermal does not offer sufficient resolution in frequency or in time. In this work, we describe a method based on a narrow-range frequency sweep to measure the resonance frequency of a vibrational mode of an AFM cantilever and demonstrate it by monitoring the evaporation of glycerol from a cantilever. It can be seamlessly integrated into many commercial AFMs without additional hardware modifications and adapts to cantilevers with a wide range of resonance frequencies. Furthermore, this method can rapidly detect small changes in resonance frequency (with our experiments showing a resolution of ∼0.1 Hz for cantilever resonances ranging from 70 kHz to 300 kHz) at a rate far faster than with a thermal. These attributes are particularly beneficial for techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Verda Saygin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sean B Andersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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13
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Pisani S, Genta I, Dorati R, Kavatzikidou P, Angelaki D, Manousaki A, Karali K, Ranella A, Stratakis E, Conti B. Biocompatible polymeric electrospun matrices: Micro–nanotopography effect on cell behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisani
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico, Via Taramelli 20 Pavia Italy
| | - Paraskevi Kavatzikidou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Despoina Angelaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Aleka Manousaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Kanelina Karali
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Crete Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and LaserFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ Hellas Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Crete Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug SciencesUniversity of Pavia Pavia Italy
- Polymerix s.r.l., Parco Tecnico Scientifico, Via Taramelli 20 Pavia Italy
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14
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Skoric L, Sanz-Hernández D, Meng F, Donnelly C, Merino-Aceituno S, Fernández-Pacheco A. Layer-by-Layer Growth of Complex-Shaped Three-Dimensional Nanostructures with Focused Electron Beams. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:184-191. [PMID: 31869235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures is of great interest to many areas of nanotechnology currently challenged by fundamental limitations of conventional lithography. One of the most promising direct-write methods for 3D nanofabrication is focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), owing to its high spatial resolution and versatility. Here we extend FEBID to the growth of complex-shaped 3D nanostructures by combining the layer-by-layer approach of conventional macroscopic 3D printers and the proximity effect correction of electron beam lithography. This framework is based on the continuum FEBID model and is capable of adjusting for a wide range of effects present during deposition, including beam-induced heating, defocusing, and gas flux anisotropies. We demonstrate the capabilities of our platform by fabricating free-standing nanowires, surfaces with varying curvatures and topologies, and general 3D objects, directly from standard stereolithography (STL) files and using different precursors. Real 3D nanoprinting as demonstrated here opens up exciting avenues for the study and exploitation of 3D nanoscale phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Skoric
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0HE , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Dédalo Sanz-Hernández
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0HE , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Fanfan Meng
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0HE , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Claire Donnelly
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0HE , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Sara Merino-Aceituno
- Faculty of Mathematics , University of Vienna , Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 , 1090 , Vienna , Austria
| | - Amalio Fernández-Pacheco
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , CB3 0HE , Cambridge , United Kingdom
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Glasgow , Kelvin Building, G12 8QQ , Glasgow , Scotland, United Kingdom
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15
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Sousa MP, Arab-Tehrany E, Cleymand F, Mano JF. Surface Micro- and Nanoengineering: Applications of Layer-by-Layer Technology as a Versatile Tool to Control Cellular Behavior. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901228. [PMID: 31172666 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) cues have been widely investigated for their impact on cellular behavior. Among mechanics, physics, chemistry, and topography, different ECM properties have been discovered as important parameters to modulate cell functions, activating mechanotransduction pathways that can influence gene expression, proliferation or even differentiation. Particularly, ECM topography has been gaining more and more interest based on the evidence that these physical cues can tailor cell behavior. Here, an overview of bottom-up and top-down approaches reported to produce materials capable of mimicking the ECM topography and being applied for biomedical purposes is provided. Moreover, the increasing motivation of using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique to reproduce these topographical cues is highlighted. LbL assembly is a versatile methodology used to coat materials with a nanoscale fidelity to the geometry of the template or to produce multilayer thin films composed of polymers, proteins, colloids, or even cells. Different geometries, sizes, or shapes on surface topography can imply different behaviors: effects on the cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology, alignment, migration, gene expression, and even differentiation are considered. Finally, the importance of LbL assembly to produce defined topographical cues on materials is discussed, highlighting the potential of micro- and nanoengineered materials to modulate cell function and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Sousa
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elmira Arab-Tehrany
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules, Nancy-Université, 2, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F 54504, Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Franck Cleymand
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS50840, 54011, Nancy Cedex, France
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Xue J, Wu T, Xia Y. Perspective: Aligned arrays of electrospun nanofibers for directing cell migration. APL MATERIALS 2018; 6:120902. [PMID: 33335802 PMCID: PMC7743993 DOI: 10.1063/1.5058083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration plays an important role in a wide variety of biological processes, including embryogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, cancer metastasis, and tissue repair. Electrospun nanofibers have been extensively explored as scaffolds to manipulate cell migration owing to their unique characteristics in mimicking the hierarchical architecture of extracellular matrix. In particular, aligned arrays of electrospun nanofibers are capable of guiding and promoting the directional migration of cells. The physical parameters and properties of the aligned nanofibers, including their size, modulus, and surface chemistry, can all affect the migratory behaviors of cells, while the controlled release of growth factors and drugs from the nanofibers can also be utilized to influence cell migration. By manipulating cell migration, electrospun nanofibers have been applied to promote tissue repair and help eradicate tumors in vivo. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments in collecting electrospun nanofibers as aligned arrays and then illustrate how the aligned nanofibers can be utilized to manipulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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17
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Lohrer MF, Hanna DM, Liu Y, Wang KH, Liu FT, Laurence TA, Liu GY. Applying Pattern Recognition to High-Resolution Images to Determine Cellular Signaling Status. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2017; 16:438-446. [PMID: 28644811 PMCID: PMC5633003 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2017.2717871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two frequently used tools to acquire high- resolution images of cells are scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The former provides a nanometer resolution view of cellular features rapidly and with high throughput, while the latter enables visualizing hydrated and living cells. In current practice, these images are viewed by eye to determine cellular status, e.g., activated versus resting. Automatic and quantitative data analysis is lacking. This paper develops an algorithm of pattern recognition that works very effectively for AFM and SEM images. Using rat basophilic leukemia cells, our approach creates a support vector machine to automatically classify resting and activated cells. Ten-fold cross-validation with cells that are known to be activated or resting gives a good estimate of the generalized classification results. The pattern recognition of AFM images achieves 100% accuracy, while SEM reaches 95.4% for our images as well as images published in prior literature. This outcome suggests that our methodology could become an important and frequently used tool for researchers utilizing AFM and SEM for structural characterization as well as determining cellular signaling status and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Lohrer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester MI 48309, USA
| | - Darrin M. Hanna
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester MI 48309, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Ted A. Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Department of chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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18
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Wang Y, Qian J, Liu T, Xu W, Zhao N, Suo A. Electrospun PBLG/PLA nanofiber membrane for constructing in vitro 3D model of melanoma. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:313-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Oral soft tissue augmentation or grafting procedures are often necessary to achieve proper wound closure after deficits resulting from tumor excision, clefts, trauma, dental implants, and tooth recessions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Autologous soft tissue grafts still remain the gold standard to acquire a functionally adequate zone of keratinized attached gingiva. However, soft tissue substitutes are more commonly used because they minimize morbidity and shorten surgical time. RESULTS This review aimed to assess soft tissue grafting techniques and materials used in the oral cavity from existing literature. There are a large variety of materials and techniques, including grafts, local flaps, allogenic derived matrices such as acellular dermal allograft, xenogenic tissue matrices from animal origin, and synthetic materials. CONCLUSIONS Tissue engineering of oral mucosa represents an interesting alternative to obtain sufficient autologous tissue for reconstructing oral wounds using biodegradable scaffolds, and may improve vascularization and epithelialization, which are critical for successful outcomes.
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20
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Denzi A, Merla C, Casciola M, Hwang JCM, Cheng X, Apollonio F, Liberti M. Microchambers for cell exposure: from the design to applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:4232-4235. [PMID: 28269216 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the advances in the micro and nano fabrication techniques have led to the development of microdevices that improved the possibility of analysis at cell level. These devices can be used in different applications (e.g., cell detection and identification, manipulation, cell treatments). The requisites, that are necessary to achieve, are different for various applications and represent the starting point of the project. The numerical multiphysics models can be very advantageous to analyze the performances of such devices and to predict their operation. Aim of this work is to give a look of the design rules of microchamber devices in particular for their application in electric field exposure. Two different applications for cell discrimination and characterization are reported considering time and frequency domain measurements.
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21
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Wang C, Bai S, Xiong Y. Recent advances in surface and interface engineering for electrocatalysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Fox CB, Chirra HD, Desai TA. Planar bioadhesive microdevices: a new technology for oral drug delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 15:673-83. [PMID: 25219863 DOI: 10.2174/1389201015666140915152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most convenient and least expensive route of drug administration. Yet, it is accompanied by many physiological barriers to drug uptake including low stomach pH, intestinal enzymes and transporters, mucosal barriers, and high intestinal fluid shear. While many drug delivery systems have been developed for oral drug administration, the physiological components of the gastro intestinal tract remain formidable barriers to drug uptake. Recently, microfabrication techniques have been applied to create micron-scale devices for oral drug delivery with a high degree of control over microdevice size, shape, chemical composition, drug release profile, and targeting ability. With precise control over device properties, microdevices can be fabricated with characteristics that provide increased adhesion for prolonged drug exposure, unidirectional release which serves to avoid luminal drug loss and enhance drug permeation, and protection of a drug payload from the harsh environment of the intestinal tract. Here we review the recent developments in microdevice technology and discuss the potential of these devices to overcome unsolved challenges in oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tejal A Desai
- 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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23
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Borowiec J, Hampl J, Gebinoga M, Elsarnagawy T, Elnakady YA, Fouad H, Almajhadi F, Fernekorn U, Weise F, Singh S, Elsarnagawy D, Schober A. Thermoforming techniques for manufacturing porous scaffolds for application in 3D cell cultivation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:509-516. [PMID: 25686978 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Within the scientific community, there is an increasing demand to apply advanced cell cultivation substrates with increased physiological functionalities for studying spatially defined cellular interactions. Porous polymeric scaffolds are utilized for mimicking an organ-like structure or engineering complex tissues and have become a key element for three-dimensional (3D) cell cultivation in the meantime. As a consequence, efficient 3D scaffold fabrication methods play an important role in modern biotechnology. Here, we present a novel thermoforming procedure for manufacturing porous 3D scaffolds from permeable materials. We address the issue of precise thermoforming of porous polymer foils by using multilayer polymer thermoforming technology. This technology offers a new method for structuring porous polymer foils that are otherwise available for non-porous polymers only. We successfully manufactured 3D scaffolds from solvent casted and phase separated polylactic acid (PLA) foils and investigated their biocompatibility and basic cellular performance. The HepG2 cell culture in PLA scaffold has shown enhanced albumin secretion rate in comparison to a previously reported polycarbonate based scaffold with similar geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Borowiec
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Jörg Hampl
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Michael Gebinoga
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Tarek Elsarnagawy
- Prince Sultan University, Prince Salman Research & Translation Center, College of Engineering, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasser A Elnakady
- King Saud University, College of Science, Zoology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Helwan University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan, Egypt.
| | - Fahd Almajhadi
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uta Fernekorn
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Frank Weise
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | - Sukhdeep Singh
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Schober
- Ilmenau University of Technology, Nano-Biosystem Technology Department, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Straße 7, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
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24
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Smith AM, Prabhakarpandian B, Pant K. Generation of shear adhesion map using SynVivo synthetic microvascular networks. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24893648 DOI: 10.3791/51025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell/particle adhesion assays are critical to understanding the biochemical interactions involved in disease pathophysiology and have important applications in the quest for the development of novel therapeutics. Assays using static conditions fail to capture the dependence of adhesion on shear, limiting their correlation with in vivo environment. Parallel plate flow chambers that quantify adhesion under physiological fluid flow need multiple experiments for the generation of a shear adhesion map. In addition, they do not represent the in vivo scale and morphology and require large volumes (~ml) of reagents for experiments. In this study, we demonstrate the generation of shear adhesion map from a single experiment using a microvascular network based microfluidic device, SynVivo-SMN. This device recreates the complex in vivo vasculature including geometric scale, morphological elements, flow features and cellular interactions in an in vitro format, thereby providing a biologically realistic environment for basic and applied research in cellular behavior, drug delivery, and drug discovery. The assay was demonstrated by studying the interaction of the 2 µm biotin-coated particles with avidin-coated surfaces of the microchip. The entire range of shear observed in the microvasculature is obtained in a single assay enabling adhesion vs. shear map for the particles under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kapil Pant
- Biomedical Technology, CFD Research Corporation
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25
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Montero RB, Vazquez-Padron RI, Pham SM, D’Ippolito G, Andreopoulos FM. Electrospun Gelatin Constructs with Tunable Fiber Orientation Promote Directed Angiogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojrm.2014.31001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Cells live in a highly curved and folded micropatterned environment within the human body. Hence, there is a need to develop engineering paradigms to replicate these microenvironments in order to investigate the behavior of cells in vitro, as well as to develop bioartificial organs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we first motivate the need for such micropatterns based on anatomical considerations and then survey methods that can be utilized to generate curved and folded micropatterns of relevance to 3D cell culture and tissue engineering. The methods surveyed can broadly be divided into two classes: top-down approaches inspired by conventional 2D microfabrication and bottom-up approaches most notably in the self-assembly of thin patterned films. These methods provide proof of concept that the high resolution, precise and reproducible patterning of cell and matrix microenvironments in anatomically relevant curved and folded geometries is possible. A specific protocol is presented to create curved and folded hydrogel micropatterns.
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27
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Kam KR, Walsh LA, Bock SM, Ollerenshaw JD, Ross RF, Desai TA. The effect of nanotopography on modulating protein adsorption and the fibrotic response. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:130-8. [PMID: 23914986 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and modulating the cellular response to implanted biomaterials is crucial for the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Since cells typically reside in an extracellular matrix containing nanoscale architecture, identifying synthetic nanostructures that induce desirable cellular behaviors could greatly impact the field. Using nanoimprint lithography, nanostructured patterns were generated on thin film polymeric materials. The ability of these surfaces to influence protein adsorption, fibroblast proliferation and morphology, and fibrotic markers was investigated. Nanostructured features with aspect ratios greater than five allowed for less protein adsorption, resulting in decreased fibroblast proliferation and rounded cellular morphology. These nanofeatures also induced significantly lower gene expression of collagen 1α2, collagen 3α1, and growth factors such as connective tissue growth factor, integrin linked kinase, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and epidermal growth factor, key factors associated with a fibrotic response. The results demonstrate that select nanostructured surfaces could be used to modulate the fibrotic behavior in cells and have the potential to be used as antifibrotic architecture for medical implants or tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Kam
- 1 University of California Berkeley and University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering , San Francisco, California
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28
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Merlo S, Carpignano F, Silva G, Aredia F, Scovassi AI, Mazzini G, Surdo S, Barillaro G. Label-free optical detection of cells grown in 3D silicon microstructures. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3284-3292. [PMID: 23817434 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high aspect-ratio photonic crystals that could serve as three-dimensional (3D) microincubators for cell culture and also provide label-free optical detection of the cells. The investigated microstructures, fabricated by electrochemical micromachining of standard silicon wafers, consist of periodic arrays of silicon walls separated by narrow deeply etched air-gaps (50 μm high and 5 μm wide) and feature the typical spectral properties of photonic crystals in the wavelength range 1.0-1.7 μm: their spectral reflectivity is characterized by wavelength regions where reflectivity is high (photonic bandgaps), separated by narrow wavelength regions where reflectivity is very low. In this work, we show that the presence of cells, grown inside the gaps, strongly affects light propagation across the photonic crystal and, therefore, its spectral reflectivity. Exploiting a label-free optical detection method, based on a fiberoptic setup, we are able to probe the extension of cells adherent to the vertical silicon walls with a non-invasive direct testing. In particular, the intensity ratio at two wavelengths is the experimental parameter that can be well correlated to the cell spreading on the silicon wall inside the gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Merlo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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29
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Mazzoli A. Selective laser sintering in biomedical engineering. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 51:245-56. [PMID: 23250790 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-1001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a solid freeform fabrication technique, developed by Carl Deckard for his master's thesis at the University of Texas, patented in 1989. SLS manufacturing is a technique that produces physical models through a selective solidification of a variety of fine powders. SLS technology is getting a great amount of attention in the clinical field. In this paper the characteristics features of SLS and the materials that have been developed for are reviewed together with a discussion on the principles of the above-mentioned manufacturing technique. The applications of SLS in tissue engineering, and at-large in the biomedical field, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Mazzoli
- Department of Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica SIMAU, Faculty of Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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30
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Abstract
Additive manufacturing processes take the information from a computer-aided design (CAD) file that is later converted to a stereolithography (STL) file. In this process, the drawing made in the CAD software is approximated by triangles and sliced containing the information of each layer that is going to be printed. There is a discussion of the relevant additive manufacturing processes and their applications. The aerospace industry employs them because of the possibility of manufacturing lighter structures to reduce weight. Additive manufacturing is transforming the practice of medicine and making work easier for architects. In 2004, the Society of Manufacturing Engineers did a classification of the various technologies and there are at least four additional significant technologies in 2012. Studies are reviewed which were about the strength of products made in additive manufacturing processes. However, there is still a lot of work and research to be accomplished before additive manufacturing technologies become standard in the manufacturing industry because not every commonly used manufacturing material can be handled. The accuracy needs improvement to eliminate the necessity of a finishing process. The continuous and increasing growth experienced since the early days and the successful results up to the present time allow for optimism that additive manufacturing has a significant place in the future of manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaufui V. Wong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Aldo Hernandez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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31
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Montero RB, Vial X, Nguyen DT, Farhand S, Reardon M, Pham SM, Tsechpenakis G, Andreopoulos FM. bFGF-containing electrospun gelatin scaffolds with controlled nano-architectural features for directed angiogenesis. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1778-91. [PMID: 22200610 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic angiogenesis strategies are focused on the development of biologically responsive scaffolds that can deliver multiple angiogenic cytokines and/or cells in ischemic regions. Herein, we report on a novel electrospinning approach to fabricate cytokine-containing nanofibrous scaffolds with tunable architecture to promote angiogenesis. Fiber diameter and uniformity were controlled by varying the concentration of the polymeric (i.e. gelatin) solution, the feed rate, needle to collector distance, and electric field potential between the collector plate and injection needle. Scaffold fiber orientation (random vs. aligned) was achieved by alternating the polarity of two parallel electrodes placed on the collector plate thus dictating fiber deposition patterns. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was physically immobilized within the gelatin scaffolds at variable concentrations and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded on the top of the scaffolds. Cell proliferation and migration was assessed as a function of growth factor loading and scaffold architecture. HUVECs successfully adhered onto gelatin B scaffolds and cell proliferation was directly proportional to the loading concentrations of the growth factor (0-100 bFGF ng/mL). Fiber orientation had a pronounced effect on cell morphology and orientation. Cells were spread along the fibers of the electrospun scaffolds with the aligned orientation and developed a spindle-like morphology parallel to the scaffold's fibers. In contrast, cells seeded onto the scaffolds with random fiber orientation, did not demonstrate any directionality and appeared to have a rounder shape. Capillary formation (i.e. sprouts length and number of sprouts per bead), assessed in a 3-D in vitro angiogenesis assay, was a function of bFGF loading concentration (0 ng, 50 ng and 100 ng per scaffold) for both types of electrospun scaffolds (i.e. with aligned or random fiber orientation).
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32
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Glotzbach J, Wong V, Levi B, Longaker M, Gurtner G. Delivery Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Therapy. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Park J, Kim HN, Kim DH, Levchenko A, Suh KY. Quantitative analysis of the combined effect of substrate rigidity and topographic guidance on cell morphology. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2011; 11:28-36. [PMID: 21908261 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2011.2165728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Live cells are exquisitely sensitive to both the substratum rigidity and texture. To explore cell responses to both these types of inputs in a precisely controlled fashion, we analyzed the responses of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to nanotopographically defined substrata of different rigidities, ranging from 1.8 MPa to 1.1 GPa. Parallel arrays of nanogrooves (800-nm width, 800-nm space, and 800-nm depth) on polyurethane (PU)-based material surfaces were fabricated by UV-assisted capillary force lithography (CFL) over an area of 5 mm × 3 mm. We observed dramatic morphological responses of CHO cells, evident in their elongation and polarization along the nanogrooves direction. The cells were progressively more spread and elongated as the substratum rigidity increased, in an integrin β1 dependent manner. However, the degree of orientation was independent of substratum rigidity, suggesting that the cell shape is primarily determined by the topographical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinSeok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institutefor Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. jpark145@ jhmi.edu
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Singh AV, Gailite L, Vyas V, Lenardi C, Forti S, Matteoli M, Milani P. Rapid prototyping of nano- and micro-patterned substrates for the control of cell neuritogenesis by topographic and chemical cues. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lim CT, Han J, Guck J, Espinosa H. Micro and nanotechnology for biological and biomedical applications. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:941-3. [PMID: 20844973 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This special issue contains some of the current state-of-the-art development and use of micro and nanotechnological tools, devices and techniques for both biological and biomedical research and applications. These include nanoparticles for bioimaging and biosensing, optical and biophotonic techniques for probing diseases at the nanoscale, micro and nano-fabricated tools for elucidating molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in cell and molecular biology and cell separation microdevices and techniques for isolating and enriching targeted cells for disease detection and diagnosis. Although some of these works are still at the research stage, there is no doubt that some of the important outcomes will eventually see actual biomedical applications in the not too distant future.
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