1
|
Gironella-Torrent M, Bergamaschi G, Sorkin R, Wuite GJL, Ritort F. Viscoelastic phenotyping of red blood cells. Biophys J 2024; 123:770-781. [PMID: 38268191 PMCID: PMC10995428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the simplest cell types with complex dynamical and viscoelastic phenomenology. While the mechanical rigidity and the flickering noise of RBCs have been extensively investigated, an accurate determination of the constitutive equations of the relaxational kinetics is lacking. Here we measure the force relaxation of RBCs under different types of tensional and compressive extension-jump protocols by attaching an optically trapped bead to the RBC membrane. Relaxational kinetics follows linear response from 60 pN (tensional) to -20 pN (compressive) applied forces, exhibiting a triple exponential function with three well-separated timescales over four decades (0.01-100 s). While the fast timescale (τF∼0.02(1)s) corresponds to the relaxation of the membrane, the intermediate and slow timescales (τI=4(1)s; τS=70(8)s) likely arise from the cortex dynamics and the cytosol viscosity. Relaxation is highly heterogeneous across the RBC population, yet the three relaxation times are correlated, showing dynamical scaling. Finally, we find that glucose depletion and laser illumination of RBCs lead to faster triple exponential kinetics and RBC rigidification. Viscoelastic phenotyping is a promising dynamical biomarker applicable to other cell types and active systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gironella-Torrent
- Small Biosystems Lab, Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Giulia Bergamaschi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raya Sorkin
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLab, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Ritort
- Small Biosystems Lab, Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and the Protective Effect of Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency against Malaria Infection-Exploring the Role of the Red Blood Cell Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021336. [PMID: 36674863 PMCID: PMC9866842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major world public health problem, contributing to poverty and inequality. It is urgent to find new efficacious tools with few adverse effects. Malaria has selected red blood cell (RBC) alterations linked to resistance against infection, and understanding the protective mechanisms involved may be useful for developing host-directed tools to control Plasmodium infection. Pyruvate kinase deficiency has been associated with resistance to malaria. Pyruvate kinase-deficient RBCs display an increased concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). We recently showed that 2,3-DPG impacts in vitro intraerythrocytic parasite growth, induces a shift of the metabolic profile of infected cells (iRBCs), making it closer to that of noninfected ones (niRBCs), and decreases the number of parasite progenies that invade new RBCs. As an increase of 2,3-DPG content may also have an adverse effect on RBC membrane and, consequently, on the parasite invasion, in this study, we explored modifications of the RBC morphology, biomechanical properties, and RBC membrane on Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures treated with 2,3-DPG, using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy and other experimental approaches. The presence of infection by P. falciparum significantly increased the rigidity of parasitized cells and influenced the morphology of RBCs, as parasitized cells showed a decrease of the area-to-volume ratio. The extracellular addition of 2,3-DPG also slightly affected the stiffness of niRBCs, making it more similar to that of infected cells. It also changed the niRBC height, making the cells appear more elongated. Moreover, 2,3-DPG treatment influenced the cell surface charge, becoming more negative in treated RBCs than in untreated ones. The results indicate that treatment with 2,3-DPG has only a mild effect on RBCs in comparison with the effect of the presence of the parasite on the host cell. 2,3-DPG is an endogenous host metabolite, which may, in the future, originate a new antimalarial tool with few adverse effects on noninfected cells.
Collapse
|
3
|
Introini V, Govendir MA, Rayner JC, Cicuta P, Bernabeu M. Biophysical Tools and Concepts Enable Understanding of Asexual Blood Stage Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:908241. [PMID: 35711656 PMCID: PMC9192966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Forces and mechanical properties of cells and tissues set constraints on biological functions, and are key determinants of human physiology. Changes in cell mechanics may arise from disease, or directly contribute to pathogenesis. Malaria gives many striking examples. Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, are single-celled organisms that cannot survive outside their hosts; thus, thost-pathogen interactions are fundamental for parasite’s biological success and to the host response to infection. These interactions are often combinations of biochemical and mechanical factors, but most research focuses on the molecular side. However, Plasmodium infection of human red blood cells leads to changes in their mechanical properties, which has a crucial impact on disease pathogenesis because of the interaction of infected red blood cells with other human tissues through various adhesion mechanisms, which can be probed and modelled with biophysical techniques. Recently, natural polymorphisms affecting red blood cell biomechanics have also been shown to protect human populations, highlighting the potential of understanding biomechanical factors to inform future vaccines and drug development. Here we review biophysical techniques that have revealed new aspects of Plasmodium falciparum invasion of red blood cells and cytoadhesion of infected cells to the host vasculature. These mechanisms occur differently across Plasmodium species and are linked to malaria pathogenesis. We highlight promising techniques from the fields of bioengineering, immunomechanics, and soft matter physics that could be beneficial for studying malaria. Some approaches might also be applied to other phases of the malaria lifecycle and to apicomplexan infections with complex host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Introini
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Viola Introini,
| | - Matt A. Govendir
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Bernabeu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Y, Liu X. Multifunctional manipulation of red blood cells using optical tweezers. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100315. [PMID: 34773382 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Serving as natural vehicles to deliver oxygen throughout the whole body, red blood cells (RBCs) have been regarded as important indicators for biomedical analysis and clinical diagnosis. Various diseases can be induced due to the dysfunction of RBCs. Hence, a flexible tool is required to perform precise manipulation and quantitative characterization of their physiological mechanisms and viscoelastic properties. Optical tweezers have emerged as potential candidates due to their noncontact manipulation and femtonewton-precision measurements. This review aimed to highlight the recent advances in the multifunctional manipulation of RBCs using optical tweezers, including controllable deformation, dynamic stretching, RBC aggregation, blood separation and Raman characterization. Further, great attentions have been focused on the precise assembly of functional biophotonics devices with trapped RBCs, and a brief overview was offered for the growing interests to manipulate RBCs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Xie
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lange JR, Metzner C, Richter S, Schneider W, Spermann M, Kolb T, Whyte G, Fabry B. Unbiased High-Precision Cell Mechanical Measurements with Microconstrictions. Biophys J 2017; 112:1472-1480. [PMID: 28402889 PMCID: PMC5389962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a quantitative, high-precision, high-throughput method for measuring the mechanical properties of cells in suspension with a microfluidic device, and for relating cell mechanical responses to protein expression levels. Using a high-speed (750 fps) charge-coupled device camera, we measure the driving pressure Δp, maximum cell deformation εmax, and entry time tentry of cells in an array of microconstrictions. From these measurements, we estimate population averages of elastic modulus E and fluidity β (the power-law exponent of the cell deformation in response to a step change in pressure). We find that cell elasticity increases with increasing strain εmax according to E ∼ εmax, and with increasing pressure according to E ∼ Δp. Variable cell stress due to driving pressure fluctuations and variable cell strain due to cell size fluctuations therefore cause significant variability between measurements. To reduce measurement variability, we use a histogram matching method that selects and analyzes only those cells from different measurements that have experienced the same pressure and strain. With this method, we investigate the influence of measurement parameters on the resulting cell elastic modulus and fluidity. We find a small but significant softening of cells with increasing time after cell harvesting. Cells harvested from confluent cultures are softer compared to cells harvested from subconfluent cultures. Moreover, cell elastic modulus increases with decreasing concentration of the adhesion-reducing surfactant pluronic. Lastly, we simultaneously measure cell mechanics and fluorescence signals of cells that overexpress the GFP-tagged nuclear envelope protein lamin A. We find a dose-dependent increase in cell elastic modulus and decrease in cell fluidity with increasing lamin A levels. Together, our findings demonstrate that histogram matching of pressure, strain, and protein expression levels greatly reduces the variability between measurements and enables us to reproducibly detect small differences in cell mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina R Lange
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Metzner
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Richter
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Schneider
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Spermann
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kolb
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- IB3: Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bukara K, Jovanic S, Drvenica IT, Stancic A, Ilic V, Rabasovic MD, Pantelic D, Jelenkovic B, Bugarski B, Krmpot AJ. Mapping of hemoglobin in erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts using two photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:26003. [PMID: 28301654 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.026003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes utilization of two photon excitation fluorescence (2PE) microscopy for visualization of the hemoglobin in human and porcine erythrocytes and their empty membranes (i.e., ghosts). High-quality, label- and fixation-free visualization of hemoglobin was achieved at excitation wavelength 730 nm by detecting visible autofluorescence. Localization in the suspension and spatial distribution (i.e., mapping) of residual hemoglobin in erythrocyte ghosts has been resolved by 2PE. Prior to the 2PE mapping, the presence of residual hemoglobin in the bulk suspension of erythrocyte ghosts was confirmed by cyanmethemoglobin assay. 2PE analysis revealed that the distribution of hemoglobin in intact erythrocytes follows the cells’ shape. Two types of erythrocytes, human and porcine, characterized with discocyte and echinocyte morphology, respectively, showed significant differences in hemoglobin distribution. The 2PE images have revealed that despite an extensive washing out procedure after gradual hypotonic hemolysis, a certain amount of hemoglobin localized on the intracellular side always remains bound to the membrane and cannot be eliminated. The obtained results open the possibility to use 2PE microscopy to examine hemoglobin distribution in erythrocytes and estimate the purity level of erythrocyte ghosts in biotechnological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Bukara
- University of Belgrade, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Physics Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana T Drvenica
- University of Belgrade, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, SerbiacUniversity of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Ilic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Pantelic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Physics Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Branko Bugarski
- University of Belgrade, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar J Krmpot
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Physics Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiadTexas A&M University at Qatar, Science Program, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang T, Bragheri F, Minzioni P. A Comprehensive Review of Optical Stretcher for Cell Mechanical Characterization at Single-Cell Level. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E90. [PMID: 30404265 PMCID: PMC6189960 DOI: 10.3390/mi7050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of the optical stretcher, a powerful optofluidic device for single cell mechanical study by using optical force induced cell stretching. The different techniques and the different materials for the fabrication of the optical stretcher are first summarized. A short description of the optical-stretching mechanism is then given, highlighting the optical force calculation and the cell optical deformability characterization. Subsequently, the implementations of the optical stretcher in various cell-mechanics studies are shown on different types of cells. Afterwards, two new advancements on optical stretcher applications are also introduced: the active cell sorting based on cell mechanical characterization and the temperature effect on cell stretching measurement from laser-induced heating. Two examples of new functionalities developed with the optical stretcher are also included. Finally, the current major limitation and the future development possibilities are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Helms G, Dasanna AK, Schwarz US, Lanzer M. Modeling cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and leukocytes-common principles and distinctive features. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1955-71. [PMID: 26992823 PMCID: PMC5071704 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytoadhesion of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocytes to the microvascular endothelial lining shares striking similarities to cytoadhesion of leukocytes. In both cases, adhesins are presented in structures that raise them above the cell surface. Another similarity is the enhancement of adhesion under physical force (catch bonding). Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and biophysical mechanisms underlying cytoadherence in both cellular systems. We describe how imaging, flow chamber experiments, single‐molecule measurements, and computational modeling have been used to decipher the relevant processes. We conclude that although the parasite seems to induce processes that resemble the cytoadherence of leukocytes, the mechanics of erythrocytes is such that the resulting behavior in shear flow is fundamentally different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Helms
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar Dasanna
- BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lange JR, Steinwachs J, Kolb T, Lautscham LA, Harder I, Whyte G, Fabry B. Microconstriction arrays for high-throughput quantitative measurements of cell mechanical properties. Biophys J 2016; 109:26-34. [PMID: 26153699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a method for quantifying the mechanical properties of cells in suspension with a microfluidic device consisting of a parallel array of micron-sized constrictions. Using a high-speed charge-coupled device camera, we measure the flow speed, cell deformation, and entry time into the constrictions of several hundred cells per minute during their passage through the device. From the flow speed and the occupation state of the microconstriction array with cells, the driving pressure across each constriction is continuously computed. Cell entry times into microconstrictions decrease with increased driving pressure and decreased cell size according to a power law. From this power-law relationship, the cell elasticity and fluidity can be estimated. When cells are treated with drugs that depolymerize or stabilize the cytoskeleton or the nucleus, elasticity and fluidity data from all treatments collapse onto a master curve. Power-law rheology and collapse onto a master curve are predicted by the theory of soft glassy materials and have been previously shown to describe the mechanical behavior of cells adhering to a substrate. Our finding that this theory also applies to cells in suspension provides the foundation for a quantitative high-throughput measurement of cell mechanical properties with microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina R Lange
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Steinwachs
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kolb
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena A Lautscham
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irina Harder
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Graeme Whyte
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Fabry
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahluwalia BS, McCourt P, Oteiza A, Wilkinson JS, Huser TR, Hellesø OG. Squeezing red blood cells on an optical waveguide to monitor cell deformability during blood storage. Analyst 2015; 140:223-9. [PMID: 25408950 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells squeeze through micro-capillaries as part of blood circulation in the body. The deformability of red blood cells is thus critical for blood circulation. In this work, we report a method to optically squeeze red blood cells using the evanescent field present on top of a planar waveguide chip. The optical forces from a narrow waveguide are used to squeeze red blood cells to a size comparable to the waveguide width. Optical forces and pressure distributions on the cells are numerically computed to explain the squeezing process. The proposed technique is used to quantify the loss of blood deformability that occurs during blood storage lesion. Squeezing red blood cells using waveguides is a sensitive technique and works simultaneously on several cells, making the method suitable for monitoring stored blood.
Collapse
|
11
|
Marquet P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ. Review of quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy: promising novel imaging technique to resolve neuronal network activity and identify cellular biomarkers of psychiatric disorders. NEUROPHOTONICS 2014; 1:020901. [PMID: 26157976 PMCID: PMC4478935 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.1.2.020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has recently emerged as a new powerful quantitative imaging technique well suited to noninvasively explore a transparent specimen with a nanometric axial sensitivity. In this review, we expose the recent developments of quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM). Quantitative phase-digital holographic microscopy (QP-DHM) represents an important and efficient quantitative phase method to explore cell structure and dynamics. In a second part, the most relevant QPM applications in the field of cell biology are summarized. A particular emphasis is placed on the original biological information, which can be derived from the quantitative phase signal. In a third part, recent applications obtained, with QP-DHM in the field of cellular neuroscience, namely the possibility to optically resolve neuronal network activity and spine dynamics, are presented. Furthermore, potential applications of QPM related to psychiatry through the identification of new and original cell biomarkers that, when combined with a range of other biomarkers, could significantly contribute to the determination of high risk developmental trajectories for psychiatric disorders, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, Prilly/Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Christian Depeursinge
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, Prilly/Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalia P, Vizcay-Barrena G, Fan JP, Warley A, Di Silvio L, Huang J. Nanohydroxyapatite shape and its potential role in bone formation: an analytical study. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20140004. [PMID: 24478288 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cells (osteoblasts) produce a collagen-rich matrix called osteoid, which is mineralized extracellularly by nanosized calcium phosphate (CaP). Synthetically produced CaP nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential for clinical application. However few studies have compared the effect of CaP NPs with different properties, such as shape and aspect ratio, on the survival and behaviour of active bone-producing cells, such as primary human osteoblasts (HOBs). This study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility and ultrastructural effects of two differently shaped hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] nanoparticles (HA NPs), round- (aspect ratio 2.12, AR2) and rice-shaped (aspect ratio 3.79, AR4). The ultrastructural response and initial extracellular matrix (ECM) formation of HOBs to HA NPs were observed, as well as matrix vesicle release. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based X-ray microanalytical technique was used to measure cytoplasmic ion levels, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na) and potassium (K). K/Na ratios were used as a measure of cell viability. Following HA NP stimulation, all measured cytoplasmic ion levels increased. AR2 NPs had a greater osteogenic effect on osteoblasts compared with AR4 NPs, including alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix vesicle release. However, they produced only a moderate increase in intracellular Ca and P levels compared with AR4. This suggests that particular Ca and P concentrations may be required for, or indicative of, optimal osteoblast activity. Cell viability, as measured by Na and K microanalysis, was best maintained in AR2. Initial formation of osteoblast ECM was altered in the presence of either HA NP, and immuno-TEM identified fibronectin and matrilin-3 as two ECM proteins affected. Matrilin-3 is here described for the first time as being expressed by cultured osteoblasts. In summary, this novel and in-depth study has demonstrated that HA NP shape can influence a range of different parameters related to osteoblast viability and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kalia
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, , Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Crick AJ, Tiffert T, Shah SM, Kotar J, Lew VL, Cicuta P. An automated live imaging platform for studying merozoite egress-invasion in malaria cultures. Biophys J 2013; 104:997-1005. [PMID: 23473482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of severe and fatal malaria are caused by the intraerythrocytic asexual reproduction cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. One of the most intriguing and least understood stages in this cycle is the brief preinvasion period during which dynamic merozoite-red-cell interactions align the merozoite apex in preparation for penetration. Studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in this process face formidable technical challenges, requiring multiple observations of merozoite egress-invasion sequences in live cultures under controlled experimental conditions, using high-resolution microscopy and a variety of fluorescent imaging tools. Here we describe a first successful step in the development of a fully automated, robotic imaging platform to enable such studies. Schizont-enriched live cultures of P. falciparum were set up on an inverted stage microscope with software-controlled motorized functions. By applying a variety of imaging filters and selection criteria, we identified infected red cells that were likely to rupture imminently, and recorded their coordinates. We developed a video-image analysis to detect and automatically record merozoite egress events in 100% of the 40 egress-invasion sequences recorded in this study. We observed a substantial polymorphism of the dynamic condition of pre-egress infected cells, probably reflecting asynchronies in the diversity of confluent processes leading to merozoite release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Crick
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marquet P, Depeursinge C, Magistretti PJ. Exploring neural cell dynamics with digital holographic microscopy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 15:407-31. [PMID: 23662777 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071812-152356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize how the new concept of digital optics applied to the field of holographic microscopy has allowed the development of a reliable and flexible digital holographic quantitative phase microscopy (DH-QPM) technique at the nanoscale particularly suitable for cell imaging. Particular emphasis is placed on the original biological information provided by the quantitative phase signal. We present the most relevant DH-QPM applications in the field of cell biology, including automated cell counts, recognition, classification, three-dimensional tracking, discrimination between physiological and pathophysiological states, and the study of cell membrane fluctuations at the nanoscale. In the last part, original results show how DH-QPM can address two important issues in the field of neurobiology, namely, multiple-site optical recording of neuronal activity and noninvasive visualization of dendritic spine dynamics resulting from a full digital holographic microscopy tomographic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Marquet
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Département de Psychiatrie, Site de Cery, CH-1008 Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cho S, Kim S, Kim Y, Park Y. Optical imaging techniques for the study of malaria. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 30:71-9. [PMID: 21930322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malarial infection needs to be imaged to reveal the mechanisms behind malaria pathophysiology and to provide insights to aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Recent advances in optical imaging methods are now being transferred from physics laboratories to the biological field, revolutionizing how we study malaria. To provide insight into how these imaging techniques can improve the study and treatment of malaria, we summarize recent progress on optical imaging techniques, ranging from in vitro visualization of the disease progression of malaria infected red blood cells (iRBCs) to in vivo imaging of malaria parasites in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangyeon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Banerjee AG, Chowdhury S, Losert W, Gupta SK. Survey on indirect optical manipulation of cells, nucleic acids, and motor proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:051302. [PMID: 21639562 DOI: 10.1117/1.3579200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have emerged as a promising technique for manipulating biological objects. Instead of direct laser exposure, more often than not, optically-trapped beads are attached to the ends or boundaries of the objects for translation, rotation, and stretching. This is referred to as indirect optical manipulation. In this paper, we utilize the concept of robotic gripping to explain the different experimental setups which are commonly used for indirect manipulation of cells, nucleic acids, and motor proteins. We also give an overview of the kind of biological insights provided by this technique. We conclude by highlighting the trends across the experimental studies, and discuss challenges and promising directions in this domain of active current research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Gopal Banerjee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaminski Schierle GS, Bertoncini CW, Chan FTS, van der Goot AT, Schwedler S, Skepper J, Schlachter S, van Ham T, Esposito A, Kumita JR, Nollen EAA, Dobson CM, Kaminski CF. A FRET sensor for non-invasive imaging of amyloid formation in vivo. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:673-680. [PMID: 21308945 PMCID: PMC5402868 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of amyloidogenic polypeptides lie at the root of many neurodegenerative diseases. Whilst protein aggregation can be readily studied in vitro by established biophysical techniques, direct observation of the nature and kinetics of aggregation processes taking place in vivo is much more challenging. We describe here, however, a Förster resonance energy transfer sensor that permits the aggregation kinetics of amyloidogenic proteins to be quantified in living systems by exploiting our observation that amyloid assemblies can act as energy acceptors for variants of fluorescent proteins. The observed lifetime reduction can be attributed to fluorescence energy transfer to intrinsic energy states associated with the growing amyloid species. Indeed, for a-synuclein, a protein whose aggregation is linked to Parkinson's disease, we have used this sensor to follow the kinetics of the self-association reactions taking place in vitro and in vivo and to reveal the nature of the ensuing aggregated species. Experiments were conducted in vitro, in cells in culture and in living Caenorhabditis elegans. For the latter the readout correlates directly with the appearance of a toxic phenotype. The ability to measure the appearance and development of pathogenic amyloid species in a living animal and the ability to relate such data to similar processes observed in vitro provides a powerful new tool in the study of the pathology of the family of misfolding disorders. Our study confirms the importance of the molecular environment in which aggregation reactions take place, highlighting similarities as well as differences between the processes occurring in vitro and in vivo, and their significance for defining the molecular physiology of the diseases with which they are associated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele S. Kaminski Schierle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA (U.K.)
| | - Carlos W. Bertoncini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (U.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona (Spain)
| | - Fiona T. S. Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA (U.K.)
| | - Annemieke T. van der Goot
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen 9700 RB Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Stefanie Schwedler
- Physikalische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld (Germany)
| | - Jeremy Skepper
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY (U.K.)
| | - Simon Schlachter
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA (U.K.)
| | - Tjakko van Ham
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen 9700 RB Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Alessandro Esposito
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA (U.K.)
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (U.K.)
| | - Ellen A. A. Nollen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen 9700 RB Groningen (The Netherlands)
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (U.K.)
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA (U.K.)
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen Nürnberg 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lim CT, Han J, Guck J, Espinosa H. Micro and nanotechnology for biological and biomedical applications. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:941-3. [PMID: 20844973 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This special issue contains some of the current state-of-the-art development and use of micro and nanotechnological tools, devices and techniques for both biological and biomedical research and applications. These include nanoparticles for bioimaging and biosensing, optical and biophotonic techniques for probing diseases at the nanoscale, micro and nano-fabricated tools for elucidating molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in cell and molecular biology and cell separation microdevices and techniques for isolating and enriching targeted cells for disease detection and diagnosis. Although some of these works are still at the research stage, there is no doubt that some of the important outcomes will eventually see actual biomedical applications in the not too distant future.
Collapse
|