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Lewallen CF, Chien A, Maminishkis A, Hirday R, Reichert D, Sharma R, Wan Q, Bharti K, Forest CR. A biologically validated mathematical model for decoding epithelial apical, basolateral, and paracellular electrical properties. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1470-C1484. [PMID: 37899750 PMCID: PMC10861025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00200.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues form selective barriers to ions, nutrients, waste products, and infectious agents throughout the body. Damage to these barriers is associated with conditions such as celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and age-related macular degeneration. Conventional electrophysiology measurements like transepithelial resistance can quantify epithelial tissue maturity and barrier integrity but are limited in differentiating between apical, basolateral, and paracellular transport pathways. To overcome this limitation, a combination of mathematical modeling, stem cell biology, and cell physiology led to the development of 3 P-EIS, a novel mathematical model and measurement technique. 3 P-EIS employs an intracellular pipette and extracellular electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to accurately measure membrane-specific properties of epithelia, without the constraints of prior models. 3 P-EIS was validated using electronic circuit models of epithelia with known resistances and capacitances, confirming a median error of 19% (interquartile range: 14%-26%) for paracellular and transcellular resistances and capacitances (n = 5). Patient stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium tissues were measured using 3 P-EIS, successfully isolating the cellular responses to adenosine triphosphate. 3 P-EIS enhances quality control in epithelial cell therapies and has extensive applicability in drug testing and disease modeling, marking a significant advance in epithelial physiology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This interdisciplinary paper integrates mathematics, biology, and physiology to measure epithelial tissue's apical, basolateral, and paracellular transport pathways. A key advancement is the inclusion of intracellular voltage recordings using a sharp pipette, enabling precise quantification of relative impedance changes between apical and basolateral membranes. This enhanced electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique offers insights into epithelial transport dynamics, advancing disease understanding, drug interactions, and cell therapies. Its broad applicability contributes significantly to epithelial physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby F Lewallen
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Athena Chien
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Arvydas Maminishkis
- Translational Research CORE, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Rishabh Hirday
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Dominik Reichert
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Qin Wan
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Craig R Forest
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- G.W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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2
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Guerra MH, Yumnamcha T, Singh LP, Ibrahim AS. Relative Contribution of Different Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Components to the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Barrier Function: Implications for RPE-Related Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8130. [PMID: 34360894 PMCID: PMC8348500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) barrier integrity is involved in the pathology of several blinding retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the underlying causes and pathophysiology are not completely well-defined. Mitochondria dysfunction has often been considered as a potential candidate implicated in such a process. In this study, we aimed to dissect the role of different mitochondrial components; specifically, those of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), in maintaining the barrier functionality of RPE. Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology was used to collect multi-frequency electrical impedance data to assess in real-time the barrier formation of the RPE cells. For this purpose, the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line-ARPE-19-was used and treated with varying concentrations of specific mitochondrial inhibitors that target different steps in OxPhos: Rotenone for complex I (the largest protein complex in the electron transport chain (ETC)); oligomycin for ATP synthase; and carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) for uncoupling ATP synthesis from the accompanying ETC. Furthermore, data were modeled using the ECIS-Zθ software to investigate in depth the effects of these inhibitors on three separate barrier parameters: cell-cell interactions (Rb), cell-matrix interactions (α), and the cell membrane capacitance (Cm). The viability of ARPE-19 cells was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Assay. The ECIS program's modeling demonstrated that FCCP and thus OxPhos uncoupling disrupt the barrier function in the ARPE-19 cells across all three components of the total resistance (Rb, α, and Cm) in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, oligomycin and thus ATP synthase inhibition mostly affects the ARPE-19 cells' attachment to their substrate evident by a significant decrease in α resistance in a dose-dependent manner, both at the end and throughout the duration of the experiment. On the contrary, rotenone and complex I inhibition mostly affect the ARPE-19 paracellular resistance Rb in a dose-dependent manner compared to basolateral resistance α or Cm. Our results clearly demonstrate differential roles for different mitochondrial components in maintaining RPE cell functionality in which uncoupling of OxPhos is a major contributing factor to the disruption barrier function. Such differences can be used in investigating gene expression as well as for screening of selective agents that improve the OxPhos coupling efficiency to be used in the therapeutic approach for treating RPE-related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lalit P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.G.); (T.Y.); (L.P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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3
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Boutzen J, Valet M, Alviset A, Fradot V, Rousseau L, Picaud S, Lissorgues G, Français O. A detailed in-vitro study of Retinal pigment epithelium's growth as seen from the perspective of impedance spectroscopy analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112469. [PMID: 32862069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method to assess growth and maturation phases of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) in-vitro at the cell layer level using impedance spectroscopy measurements on platinum electrodes. We extracted relevant parameters from an electrical circuit model fitted with the measured spectra. Based on microscopic imaging, the growth state of an independent culture developing in the same conditions is used as reference. We show that the confluence point is identified from a graphical analysis of the spectra transition as well as by observing a reconstructed parameter representing the average capacitance of the cell layer. More generally, this work presents a detailed investigation on how cell culture's state relates with either model parameter analysis or with graphical analysis of the measured spectra over a wide frequency band. While applied to the RPE, this work is also suitable for the study of any kind of monolayer epithelial cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Boutzen
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France.
| | - Manon Valet
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Agathe Alviset
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Valérie Fradot
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Lionel Rousseau
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Gaëlle Lissorgues
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
| | - Olivier Français
- ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM Université Paris-Est, Noisy-le-Grand, 93160, France
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4
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Linz G, Djeljadini S, Steinbeck L, Köse G, Kiessling F, Wessling M. Cell barrier characterization in transwell inserts by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112345. [PMID: 32513645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe an impedance-based method for cell barrier integrity testing. A four-electrode electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) setup can be realized by simply connecting a commercial chopstick-like electrode (STX-1) to a potentiostat allowing monitoring cell barriers cultivated in transwell inserts. Subsequent electric circuit modeling of the electrical impedance results the capacitive properties of the barrier next to the well-known transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The versatility of the new method was analyzed by the EIS analysis of a Caco-2 monolayer in response to (a) different membrane coating materials, (b) two different permeability enhancers ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and saponin, and (c) sonoporation. For the different membrane coating materials, the TEERs of the standard and new protocol coincide and increase during cultivation, while the capacitance shows a distinct maximum for three different surface materials (no coating, Matrigel®, and collagen I). The permeability enhancers cause a decline in the TEER value, but only saponin alters the capacitance of the cell layer by two orders of magnitude. Hence, cell layer capacitance and TEER represent two independent properties characterizing the monolayer. The use of commercial chopstick-like electrodes to access the impedance of a barrier cultivated in transwell inserts enables remarkable insight into the behavior of the cellular barrier with no extra work for the researcher. This simple method could evolve into a standard protocol used in cell barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Linz
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Suzana Djeljadini
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Steinbeck
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurbet Köse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Olmo A, Yuste Y, Serrano JA, Maldonado-Jacobi A, Pérez P, Huertas G, Pereira S, Yufera A, de la Portilla F. Electrical Modeling of the Growth and Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts Cell Cultures for Tissue Engineering. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113152. [PMID: 32498394 PMCID: PMC7309147 DOI: 10.3390/s20113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, of utmost importance is the control of tissue formation, in order to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance. In this work, we present the use of an impedance spectroscopy technique for the real-time measurement of the dielectric properties of skeletal myoblast cell cultures. The processes involved in the growth and differentiation of these cell cultures in skeletal muscle are studied. A circuit based on the oscillation-based test technique was used, avoiding the use of high-performance circuitry or external input signals. The effect of electrical pulse stimulation applied to cell cultures was also studied. The technique proved useful for monitoring in real-time the processes of cell growth and estimating the fill factor of muscular stem cells. Impedance spectroscopy was also useful to study the real-time monitoring of cell differentiation, obtaining different oscillation amplitude levels for differentiated and undifferentiated cell cultures. Finally, an electrical model was implemented to better understand the physical properties of the cell culture and control the tissue formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-55-43-25
| | - Yaiza Yuste
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Andres Maldonado-Jacobi
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Facultad de Física, Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Alberto Yufera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Portilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
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6
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Cacopardo L, Costa J, Giusti S, Buoncompagni L, Meucci S, Corti A, Mattei G, Ahluwalia A. Real-time cellular impedance monitoring and imaging of biological barriers in a dual-flow membrane bioreactor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111340. [PMID: 31154254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The generation of physiologically relevant in-vitro models of biological barriers can play a key role in understanding human diseases and in the development of more predictive methods for assessing toxicity and drug or nutrient absorption. Here, we present an advanced cell culture system able to mimic the dynamic environment of biological barriers while monitoring cell behaviour through real-time impedance measurements and imaging. It consists of a fluidic device with an apical and a basal flow compartment separated by a semi-permeable membrane. The main features of the device are the integration of sensing through transepithelial electrical impedance (TEEI) measurements and transparent windows for optical monitoring within a dual flow system. Caco-2 cells were cultured in the TEEI bioreactor under both flow and static conditions. Although no differences in the expression of peripheral actin and occludin were visible, the cells in dynamic conditions developed higher impedance values at low frequencies, indicative of a higher paracellular electrical impedance with respect to the static cultures. TEEI measurements at high frequency also enabled monitoring monolayer formation, which can be correlated with the observation of an RC behaviour in the impedance spectra. In particular, the cells subject to flow showed accelerated barrier formation and increased vitality with respect to the static controls, again highlighting the importance of dynamic conditions for epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cacopardo
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - J Costa
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - S Giusti
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; IVTech S.r.l, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - S Meucci
- Micronit Microtechnologies, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - A Corti
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Mattei
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - A Ahluwalia
- Research Centre 'E. Piaggio', University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy.
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7
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Szatmári-Tóth M, Ilmarinen T, Mikhailova A, Skottman H, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K, Kristóf E, Lytvynchuk L, Veréb Z, Fésüs L, Petrovski G. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium-Role in Dead Cell Clearance and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040926. [PMID: 30791639 PMCID: PMC6412543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient removal of dying retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells by professional phagocytes can result in debris formation and development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Chronic oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in AMD pathogenesis. Only a few well-established in vitro phagocytosis assay models exist. We propose human embryonic stem cell-derived-RPE cells as a new model for studying RPE cell removal by professional phagocytes. The characteristics of human embryonic stem cells-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) are similar to native RPEs based on their gene and protein expression profile, integrity, and barrier properties or regarding drug transport. However, no data exist about RPE death modalities and how efficiently dying hESC-RPEs are taken upby macrophages, and whether this process triggers an inflammatory responses. This study demonstrates hESC-RPEs can be induced to undergo anoikis or autophagy-associated cell death due to extracellular matrix detachment or serum deprivation and hydrogen-peroxide co-treatment, respectively, similar to primary human RPEs. Dying hESC-RPEs are efficiently engulfed by macrophages which results in high amounts of IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release. These findings suggest that the clearance of anoikic and autophagy-associated dying hESC-RPEs can be used as a new model for investigating AMD pathogenesis or for testing the in vivo potential of these cells in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Szatmári-Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tanja Ilmarinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Alexandra Mikhailova
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Heli Skottman
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Endre Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Eye Clinic, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
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8
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Skottman H, Muranen J, Lähdekorpi H, Pajula E, Mäkelä K, Koivusalo L, Koistinen A, Uusitalo H, Kaarniranta K, Juuti-Uusitalo K. Contacting co-culture of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells alters barrier function of human embryonic stem cell derived retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Autophagy Regulates Proteasome Inhibitor-Induced Pigmentation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051089. [PMID: 28534814 PMCID: PMC5454998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impairment of autophagic and proteasomal cleansing together with changes in pigmentation has been documented in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell degeneration. However, the function and co-operation of these mechanisms in melanosome-containing RPE cells is still unclear. We show that inhibition of proteasomal degradation with MG-132 or autophagy with bafilomycin A1 increased the accumulation of premelanosomes and autophagic structures in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RPE cells. Consequently, upregulation of the autophagy marker p62 (also known as sequestosome-1, SQSTM1) was confirmed in Western blot and perinuclear staining. Interestingly, cells treated with the adenosine monophosphatedependent protein kinase activator, AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), decreased the proteasome inhibitor-induced accumulation of premelanosomes, increased the amount of autophagosomes and eradicated the protein expression of p62 and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3). These results revealed that autophagic machinery is functional in hESC-RPE cells and may regulate cellular pigmentation with proteasomes.
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11
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Carr AJF, Smart MJK, Ramsden CM, Powner MB, da Cruz L, Coffey PJ. Development of human embryonic stem cell therapies for age-related macular degeneration. Trends Neurosci 2013; 36:385-95. [PMID: 23601133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults and ultimately leads to the death of photoreceptor cells in the macular area of the neural retina. Currently, treatments are only available for patients with the wet form of AMD. In this review, we describe recent approaches to develop cell-based therapies for the treatment of AMD. Recent research has focused on replacing the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of cells vital to photoreceptor cell health. We discuss the various methods used to differentiate and purify RPE from human embryonic stem cells (HESC), and describe the surgical approaches being used to transplant these cells in existing and forthcoming clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda-Jayne F Carr
- The London Project to Cure Blindness, Division of ORBIT, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Onnela N, Lehtonen L, Koski M, Hyttinen J. In vitro electroretinogram for the study of the functionality of differentiated retinal pigment epithelium cells. Med Biol Eng Comput 2012; 51:61-70. [PMID: 23065627 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-012-0968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and test a method to reveal if the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) support the functions of photoreceptors. hESC-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) cells offer a potent cell source for cell replacement therapy that may be used to prevent certain eye diseases. Methods to assure the functionality of the RPE cells are well warranted. Electroretinograms (ERG) measure the electrophysiological response of the retina to light stimuli. A setup was developed that enables the measurement of ERG in vitro from mice retinas cultured together with hESC-RPE cells. The co-culture of RPE and retinas seems to be a viable tool to assess the functionality of RPE in vitro. However, owing to limited sample size results were somewhat mixed, and thus it was not possible to prove that hESC-RPE cells enhance the ERG response of a mouse retina in vitro. The long-term culturing of the retinas needs to be refined to acquire more conclusive evidence of the supporting role of the RPE and to explore the full potential of the co-culture and ERG methods in assessing RPE functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Onnela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tampere University of Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland.
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Günzel D, Zakrzewski SS, Schmid T, Pangalos M, Wiedenhoeft J, Blasse C, Ozboda C, Krug SM. From TER to trans- and paracellular resistance: lessons from impedance spectroscopy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1257:142-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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