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Thaklaewphan P, Ruttanapattanakul J, Monkaew S, Buatoom M, Sookkhee S, Nimlamool W, Potikanond S. Kaempferia parviflora extract inhibits TNF-α-induced release of MCP-1 in ovarian cancer cells through the suppression of NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111911. [PMID: 34328090 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an uncommon subtype of epithelial cell ovarian cancers (EOCs) that has poor response to conventional platinum-based therapy. Therefore, finding new potential therapeutic agents is required. Since inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), is strongly expressed in EOCs and associated with the level of tumor grade, disruption of this inflammation pathway may provide another potential target for OCCC treatment. We previously reported that Kaempferia parviflora (KP) extract decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. However, the effects of KP on OCCC, especially the aspects related to inflammatory cytokines, have not been elucidated. Our current study demonstrated the effects of KP extract on cytokine production in TNF-α-induced OCCC TOV-21G cell line. This study showed that KP extract inhibited interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production at both transcription and translation levels via the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction. In contrast, KP extract increased the expression of inhibitor kappa B (IκB) protein which may delay NF-κB translocation into the nucleus upon TNF-α activation. Moreover, the suppression of cytokines released from KP treated-TOV-21G reduced the migration of monocyte cell (THP-1). KP extract also exhibited the inhibition of IL-6 and MCP-1 production from THP-1 activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Cells treated with KP extract exhibited a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (MCL-1) expression. Suppression of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and inhibition of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) migration support the possibility of using KP for OCCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatarawat Thaklaewphan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | | | - Sathit Monkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Montanee Buatoom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Siriwoot Sookkhee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Zhao X, Guo W, Zou L, Hu B. FBXO2 modulates STAT3 signaling to regulate proliferation and tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:245. [PMID: 32549792 PMCID: PMC7296666 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents, and hyperproliferation of cells is a major problem of OS. FBXO2 belongs to the family of F-box proteins, and is a substrate recognition component of the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with specificity for high-mannose glycoproteins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the critical role of FBXO2 in OS cells. Methods The protein and mRNA expression levels of FBXO2 in clinic OS patients were measured by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assays, respectively. The FBXO2 overexpression model was constructed by retro-virus transfection in OS cells. FBXO2 knockout (KO) cells were generated by Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) assay. Cell counting and colony formation assays were used to analyze the effect of FBXO2 on the biological function of OS cells. FBXO2 KO cells were injected into nude mice to observe tumor growth in vivo. The interaction between FBXO2 and IL-6 was detected by immunoprecipitation. Luciferase assay was used to determine the transcriptional activity of STAT3. Results Here, we show that FBXO2 is significantly up-regulated in clinical OS samples compared to adjacent normal tissues. Ectopic expression of FBXO2 leads to increased OS cell proliferation and colony-forming ability, while FBXO2 knockout by CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing has the opposite effect. In addition, the glycoprotein recognition activity of FBXO2 is required for its biological function in OS. In vivo experiments showed that FBXO2 knockout greatly impaired the tumorigenicity of OS cells in nude mice. At the molecular level, we found that knocking out FBXO2 can significantly inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation and downstream target gene expression through IL-6R stabilization. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that FBXO2 promotes OS development by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that FBXO2 may be a new target for OS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Lixue Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Biao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei China
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Kaempferia parviflora Extract Inhibits STAT3 Activation and Interleukin-6 Production in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174226. [PMID: 31470515 PMCID: PMC6747281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferia parviflora (KP) has been reported to have anti-cancer activities. We previously reported its effects against cervical cancer cells and continued to elucidate the effects of KP on inhibiting the production and secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, as well as its relevant signaling pathways involved in cervical tumorigenesis. We discovered that KP suppressed epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced IL-6 secretion in HeLa cells, and it was associated with a reduced level of Glycoprotein 130 (GP130), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Mcl-1. Our data clearly showed that KP has no effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) localization status. However, we found that KP inhibited EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of tyrosine 1045 and tyrosine 1068 of EGF receptor (EGFR) without affecting its expression level. The inhibition of EGFR activation was verified by the observation that KP significantly suppressed a major downstream MAP kinase, ERK1/2. Consistently, KP reduced the expression of Ki-67 protein, which is a cellular marker for proliferation. Moreover, KP potently inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3, Akt, and the expression of Mcl-1 in response to exogenous IL-6 stimulation. These data suggest that KP suppresses EGF-induced production of IL-6 and inhibits its autocrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling critical for maintaining cancer cell progression. We believe that KP may be a potential alternative anti-cancer agent for suppressing cervical tumorigenesis.
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Dey P, Rathod M, De A. Targeting stem cells in the realm of drug-resistant breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 11:115-135. [PMID: 30881110 PMCID: PMC6410754 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s189224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its first documentation, breast cancer (BC) has been a conundrum that ails millions of women every year. This cancer has been well studied by researchers all over the world, which has improved the patient outcome significantly. There are many diagnostic markers to identify the disease, but early detection and then subclassification of this cancer remain dubious. Even after the correct diagnosis, more than half the patients come back with a more aggressive and metastatic tumor. The underpinning mechanism that governs the resistance includes over-amplification of receptors, mutations in key gene targets, and activation of different signaling. A plethora of drugs have been devised that have shown promising results in clinical settings. However, in recent times, the role played by cancer stem cells in disease progression and their interaction in mediating the resistance to cellular insults have come into the limelight. As breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are dormant in nature, it is highly likely that they fail to directly respond to the cytotoxic drugs which are meant for ablating rapidly proliferating cells. Furthermore, the absence of well-characterized, drug-able surface markers to date, has limited the application of targeted therapies in complete eradication of the disease. In this review, our intent is to discuss versatile therapeutics in practice followed by discussing the upcoming therapy strategies in the pipeline for BC. Furthermore, we focus on the roles played by BCSCs in mediating the resistance, and therefore, the aspects of new therapeutics against BCSCs under development that may ease the burden in future has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dey
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| | - Maitreyi Rathod
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
| | - Abhijit De
- Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India, .,Molecular Functional Imaging Lab, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India,
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Ma J, Li Q, Yu Z, Cao Z, Liu S, Chen L, Li H, Gao S, Yan T, Wang Y, Liu Q. Immunotherapy Strategies Against Multiple Myeloma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017. [PMCID: PMC5762093 DOI: 10.1177/1533034617743155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal B-cell malignancy characterized by an accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, the presence of a monoclonal protein in the serum and/or urine, decreased normal immunoglobulin levels, and lytic bone disease. Patients with multiple myeloma benefit from combination therapy including novel therapeutic agents followed by autologous stem cell transplantation prolonged maintenance therapy. However, multiple myeloma remains incurable; most patients with multiple myeloma will eventually become resistant to chemotherapy, and progression or relapse of the disease is inevitable. Immunotherapy represents a novel therapeutic approach with few adverse effects and good targeting capability that might be a powerful pool to allow long-term control of minimal residual disease. This article reviews the literature evaluating 4 major immunotherapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma including cellular immunotherapy, humoral immunotherapy, radio immunotherapy, and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeng Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tinghui Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hexi District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Setrerrahmane S, Xu H. Tumor-related interleukins: old validated targets for new anti-cancer drug development. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:153. [PMID: 28927416 PMCID: PMC5606116 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth knowledge of cancer molecular and cellular mechanisms have revealed a strong regulation of cancer development and progression by the inflammation which orchestrates the tumor microenvironment. Immune cells, residents or recruited, in the inflammation milieu can have rather contrasting effects during cancer development. Accumulated clinical and experimental data support the notion that acute inflammation could exert an immunoprotective effect leading to tumor eradication. However, chronic immune response promotes tumor growth and invasion. These reactions are mediated by soluble mediators or cytokines produced by either host immune cells or tumor cells themselves. Herein, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of the best-validated cytokines involved in tumor progression, IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6; in addition to IL-2 cytokines family, which is known to promote tumor eradication by immune cells. Furthermore, we summarize the clinical attempts to block or bolster the effect of these tumor-related interleukins in anti-cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Setrerrahmane
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanmei Xu
- The Engineering Research Center of Peptide Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Shi Y, Ma C, Wang X, Li Y, Miao Y, Chen J, Li X. Antitumor activity of Annona squamosa seed oil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:362-367. [PMID: 27566205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Custard apple (Annona squamosa Linn.) is an edible tropical fruit, and its seeds have been used to treat "malignant sore" (cancer) and other usage as insecticide. A comparison of extraction processes, chemical composition analysis and antitumor activity of A. squamosa seed oil (ASO) were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The optimal extraction parameters of ASO were established by comparing percolation, soxhlet, ultrasonic and SFE-CO2 extraction methods. The chemical composition of fatty acid and content of total annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) of ASO was investigated by GC-MS and colorimetric assay, and anti-tumor activity of ASO was tested using H22 xenografts bearing mice. RESULTS The optimal extraction parameters of ASO were obtained as follows: using soxhlet extraction method with extraction solvent of petroleum ether, temperature of 80°C, and extraction time of 90min. Under these conditions, the yield of ASO was 22.65%. GC-MS analysis results showed that the main chemical compositions of fatty acid of ASO were palmitic acid (9.92%), linoleic acid (20.49%), oleic acid (56.50%) and stearic acid (9.14%). The total ACGs content in ASO was 41.00mg/g. ASO inhibited the growth of H22 tumor cells in mice with a maximum inhibitory rate of 53.54% by oral administration. Furthermore, it was found that ASO exerted an antitumor effect via decreasing interleukin-6 (IL-6), janus kinase (Jak) and phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription (p-Stat3) expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that ASO suppressed the H22 solid tumor development may due to its main chemical constituents unsaturated fatty acid and ACGs via IL-6/Jak/Stat3 pathway. ASO may be a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yayun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeye Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xunan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunjie Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Semlali A, Reddy Parine N, Arafah M, Mansour L, Azzi A, Al Shahrani O, Al Amri A, Shaik JP, Aljebreen AM, Alharbi O, Almadi MA, Azzam NA, Kohailan M, Rouabhia M, Alanazi MS. Expression and Polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Effect on NF-κB Mediated Inflammation in Colon Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146333. [PMID: 26771524 PMCID: PMC4714746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the association between the expression and the polymorphism of TLR4/NF-κB pathways and colon cancer. TLR4 (rs4986790, rs10759932, rs10759931 and rs2770150) were genotyped in blood samples from Colorectal patients and healthy controls. TLR4 and cytokines inflammatory expression were evaluated by real time PCR on 40 matching normal and colon tissues and the protein level by Immunohistochemistry. The high level of TLR4 expression in colon cancer tissues is mainly due to infections by bacteria in the human colon and leads to induction of an acute secretion of inflammatory cytokines mediated by NF-κB. Also, we report here a clear evidence for an association between TLR4 rs10759931 polymorphism (OR = 0.086, CI: 0.04–0.18, P = <0.00001). This polymorphism affects the entire population without being specific to either gender or to any age group. In contrast, the rs2770150 is associated with colon cancer in women aged over 50 years and is closely linked with the decreased levels of female sex hormones during the post-menopausal period (OR = 0.188, CI: 0.074–0.48, P = <0.00084). rs10759932 and rs4986790 appear to have any association with colon cancer. Our data suggest that TLR4 SNPs could possibly serve as biomarkers for decision making in colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhabib Semlali
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Narasimha Reddy Parine
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Arafah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arezki Azzi
- College of Medicine, Al Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omair Al Shahrani
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al Amri
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jilani P. Shaik
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M. Aljebreen
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid A. Almadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nahla Ali Azzam
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Kohailan
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Rouabhia
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Département de stomatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Saud Alanazi
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mina R, Cerrato C, Bernardini A, Aghemo E, Palumbo A. New pharmacotherapy options for multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 17:181-92. [PMID: 26684262 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1115016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel agents and the availability of autologous stem-cell transplantation have revolutionized the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. First-generation novel agents namely thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib have significantly improved response and survival of patients. Second-generation novel agents such as pomalidomide, carfilzomib, and monoclonal antibodies are being tested both in the newly diagnosed and relapse settings, and results are promising. AREAS COVERED In this review article, the main results derived from Phase III trials with thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib for the treatment of myeloma patients, both at diagnosis and at relapse, are summarized. Data about second-generation novel agents such as pomalidomide and carfilzomib are also reported. Newer effective drugs currently under investigation and the promising results with monoclonal antibodies are described. EXPERT OPINION The availability of new effective drugs has considerably increased the treatment options for myeloma patients. A sequential approach including induction, transplantation (when possible), consolidation, and maintenance is an optimal strategy to achieve disease control and prolong survival. Despite these improvements, the best combination, the optimal sequence, and the proper target of newer drugs need to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mina
- a Myeloma Unit , University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Chiara Cerrato
- a Myeloma Unit , University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Annalisa Bernardini
- a Myeloma Unit , University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Elena Aghemo
- a Myeloma Unit , University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- a Myeloma Unit , University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino , Torino , Italy
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Guven-Maiorov E, Acuner-Ozbabacan SE, Keskin O, Gursoy A, Nussinov R. Structural pathways of cytokines may illuminate their roles in regulation of cancer development and immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:663-83. [PMID: 24670367 PMCID: PMC4074797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are messengers between tissues and the immune system. They play essential roles in cancer initiation, promotion, metastasis, and immunotherapy. Structural pathways of cytokine signaling which contain their interactions can help understand their action in the tumor microenvironment. Here, our aim is to provide an overview of the role of cytokines in tumor development from a structural perspective. Atomic details of protein-protein interactions can help in understanding how an upstream signal is transduced; how higher-order oligomerization modes of proteins can influence their function; how mutations, inhibitors or antagonists can change cellular consequences; why the same protein can lead to distinct outcomes, and which alternative parallel pathways can take over. They also help to design drugs/inhibitors against proteins de novo or by mimicking natural antagonists as in the case of interferon-γ. Since the structural database (PDB) is limited, structural pathways are largely built from a series of predicted binary protein-protein interactions. Below, to illustrate how protein-protein interactions can help illuminate roles played by cytokines, we model some cytokine interaction complexes exploiting a powerful algorithm (PRotein Interactions by Structural Matching-PRISM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Guven-Maiorov
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Saliha Ece Acuner-Ozbabacan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Allegra A, Penna G, Alonci A, Russo S, Greve B, Innao V, Minardi V, Musolino C. Monoclonal antibodies: potential new therapeutic treatment against multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2013; 90:441-68. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppa Penna
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Andrea Alonci
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Bruna Greve
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
| | - Viviana Minardi
- Division of Haematology; University of Messina; Messina; Italy
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12
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Polimeno M, Napolitano M, Costantini S, Portella L, Esposito A, Capone F, Guerriero E, Trotta A, Zanotta S, Pucci L, Longo N, Perdonà S, Pignata S, Castello G, Scala S. Regulatory T cells, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CXCL10, CXCL11, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as surrogate markers of host immunity in patients with renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2013; 112:686-96. [PMID: 23495770 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a phenotype that could be informative and prognostic in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) peripheral blood was evaluated for TH1, TH2, regulatory T cells (Tregs), natural killer (NK) and NKT cells and for cytokines/chemokines. PATIENTS AND METHODS Peripheral blood from 77 patients with RCC and 40 healthy controls was evaluated by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies against CD4, CD25, FoxP3, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD152, CD184, CD279, CD3, CD16, CD56, CD161, CD158a, CD4, CD26, CD30, CD183 and CD184. A concomitant evaluation of 38 molecules was conducted in patients' serum using a multiplex biometric ELISA-based immunoassay. RESULTS The number of NK cells CD3⁻/CD16⁺, CD3⁻/CD16⁺/CD161⁺ (NK) and CD3⁻/CD16⁺/CD161⁺/CD158a⁺ (NK- Kir 2+) was greater in the patients with RCC (P < 0.05); and the number of Treg cells CD4⁺/CD25(high+)/FOXP3⁺ and the subset CD4⁺/CD25(high+)/FOXP3⁺/CD45RA⁺ (naïve) and CD45R0⁺(memory) cells, were greater in the patients with RCC (P < 0.001). An increase in the following was observed in the serum of patients with RCC compared with healthy controls: interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, G-CSF, CXCL10, CXCL11, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), CXCL10, IL-6, IL-8, epidermal growth factor (EGF), HGF and VEGF were associated with a network that controls cellular movement, tissue development and cellular growth. Kaplan-Meier analysis for disease-free survival showed that high numbers of CD4⁺/CD25(high+)/FOXP3⁺/CD45RA⁺ (Treg naïve) and low numbers of CD3⁻/CD16⁺/CD161⁺/CD158a⁺ (NK-Kir+) cells predict short disease-free survival in patients with RCC. CONCLUSION Concomitant evaluation of Treg (CD4⁺/CD25(high+)/FOXP3⁺ and CD4⁺/CD25(high+)/FOXP3⁺/CD45RA⁺) and of six soluble factors (IL-6, IL-8 ,VEGF, CXCL10, CXCL11, EGF, HGF) might be a surrogate marker of host immunity in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianeve Polimeno
- Oncological Immunology, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale', Mercogliano, Avellino
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13
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Danylesko I, Beider K, Shimoni A, Nagler A. Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy for multiple myeloma. Immunotherapy 2013; 4:919-38. [PMID: 23046236 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a life-threatening hematological malignancy. High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is a relatively effective treatment, but disease recurrence remains a major obstacle. Allogeneic transplantation may result in durable responses and cure due to antitumor immunity mediated by donor lymphocytes. However, morbidity and mortality related to graft-versus-host disease remain a challenge. Recent advances in understanding the interaction between the immune system of the patient and the malignant cells are influencing the design of clinically more efficient study protocols for MM. This review will focus on MM antigens and their specific antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies are an attractive therapeutic tool for MM humoral immunotherapy, with most promising preclinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivetta Danylesko
- Division of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cord Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer & Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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White D, Kassim A, Bhaskar B, Yi J, Wamstad K, Paton VE. Results from AMBER, a randomized phase 2 study of bevacizumab and bortezomib versus bortezomib in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Cancer 2012; 119:339-47. [PMID: 22811009 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newer systemic therapies have significantly advanced the treatment of multiple myeloma, but additional agents are needed. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with efficacy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma that inhibits tumor angiogenesis, a process that has been implicated in multiple myeloma pathogenesis. METHODS In AMBER("A Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Phase II Study of Bevacizumab in Combination With Bortezomib in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma"), patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma were randomized to receive bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of each 21-day cycle) and either placebo or bevacizumab (15 mg/kg on day 1 of each cycle) for up to 8 cycles. At completion, patients in the bortezomib-plus-bevacizumab arm could continue bevacizumab until they developed progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS The stratified hazard ratio of PFS for the bevacizumab-containing arm (n = 49) relative to the bortezomib monotherapy arm (n = 53) was 0.743 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-1.28; P = .2804); the median PFS was 6.2 months (95% CI, 4.4-8.5 months) and 5.1 months (95% CI, 4.2-7.2 months), respectively; the overall response rates were 51% and 43.4% (P = .4029), respectively; and the median response duration was 6.9 months (95% CI, 4.73-11.83 months) and 6.0 months (95% CI, 4.86-8.31 months), respectively. Frequent adverse events occurred at similar rates across treatment arms, but hypertension, fatigue, and neuralgia occurred more frequently in the bevacizumab-containing arm. CONCLUSIONS The addition of bevacizumab to bortezomib in unselected patients with pretreated multiple myeloma did not result in significant improvements in efficacy outcomes. The combination was well tolerated, and no new safety concerns for either agent were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell White
- Division of Hematology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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15
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Guo Y, Xu F, Lu T, Duan Z, Zhang Z. Interleukin-6 signaling pathway in targeted therapy for cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:904-10. [PMID: 22651903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine which plays an important role in a wide range of biologic activities in different types of cell including tumor cells. IL-6 is involved in the host immune defense mechanism as well as the modulation of growth and differentiation in various malignancies. These effects are mediated by several signaling pathways, in particular the signal transducer and transcription activator 3 (Stat3). There exists abundant evidence demonstrating that deregulated overexpression of IL-6 was associated with tumor progression through inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis, stimulation of angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Clinical studies have revealed that increased serum IL-6 concentrations in patients are associated with advanced tumor stages of various cancers (e.g., multiple myeloma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer) and short survival in patients. Therefore, blocking IL-6 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer (i.e., anti-IL-6 therapy) characterized by pathological IL-6 overproduction. Preliminary clinical evidence has shown that antibody targeted IL-6 therapy was well tolerated in cancer patients. In this review, we detail the progress of the current understanding of IL-6 signaling pathway in cancer as well as an antibody targeted IL-6 therapy for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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16
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Novel strategies for immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: previous experience and future directions. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:753407. [PMID: 22649466 PMCID: PMC3357929 DOI: 10.1155/2012/753407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a life-threatening haematological malignancy for which standard therapy is inadequate. Autologous stem cell transplantation is a relatively effective treatment, but residual malignant sites may cause relapse. Allogeneic transplantation may result in durable responses due to antitumour immunity mediated by donor lymphocytes. However, morbidity and mortality related to graft-versus-host disease remain a challenge. Recent advances in understanding the interaction between the immune system of the patient and the malignant cells are influencing the design of clinically more efficient study protocols for MM.
Cellular immunotherapy using specific antigen-presenting cells (APCs), to overcome aspects of immune incompetence in MM patients, has received great attention, and numerous clinical trials have evaluated the potential for dendritic cell (DC) vaccines as a novel immunotherapeutic approach. This paper will summarize the data investigating aspects of immunity concerning MM, immunotherapy for patients with MM, and strategies, on the way, to target the plasma cell more selectively. We also include the MM antigens and their specific antibodies that are of potential use for MM humoral immunotherapy, because they have demonstrated the most promising preclinical results.
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Interleukin-6, osteopontin and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling modulate the sensitivity of human myeloma cells to alkylphosphocholines. Leuk Res 2012; 36:764-72. [PMID: 22421411 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alkylphosphocholines are highly active against multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and are devoid of myelotoxicity. Little is known about the determinants of MM cell responsiveness or resistance to these drugs. In this study we investigated the effects of disease-relevant cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteopontin (OPN), on the in vitro antimyeloma activity of erufosine and perifosine. The role of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway was also studied. Exogenous IL-6 reduced the cytotoxicity of erufosine against OPM-2 cells and, to a smaller extent, against U-266 cells. This was accompanied by inhibition of apoptosis in OPM-2 cells. The efficacy of perifosine was similarly affected, but to a greater extent. IL-6 slightly enhanced the sensitivity of RPMI-8226 cells to erufosine, thus emphasizing the heterogeneity of MM. Induced overexpression of OPN isoforms made OPM-2 cells less sensitive to erufosine. In all cases of IL-6- or OPN-induced resistance, the effective concentrations of erufosine were still within the clinically achievable range. Like other alkylphosphocholines, erufosine enhanced Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in MM cells but in some cases this contributed to cytotoxicity.
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18
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Richardson PG, Lonial S, Jakubowiak AJ, Harousseau JL, Anderson KC. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2011; 154:745-54. [PMID: 21777223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment that have significantly improved overall survival, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. Although rituximab, the first monoclonal antibody (MAb) evaluated in MM treatment, provided only very limited benefit, research is ongoing into a number of other MAbs directed against a variety of MM-related target antigens. Given the inherent immune dysfunction associated with MM, newer strategies that may enhance immune function in conjunction with antibodies may also provide a more fruitful clinical approach. Potential MAb targets in MM include growth factors and their receptors, other signalling molecules, and antigens expressed exclusively or predominantly on MM cells. MAb therapy involves a range of mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, interference with receptor-ligand interactions, and MAb conjugation to radioisotopes or toxins. The antigens currently targeted in MM therapy are discussed, along with the development status of the corresponding MAb therapeutics. Elotuzumab, an anti-CS1 MAb, has recently achieved clinically meaningful responses when combined with lenalidomide or bortezomib in patients with relapsed and relapsed/refractory MM. Other MAbs are also showing early promise. More ongoing clinical research is required to identify optimal combination regimens and biomarkers that may help predict response to specific MAb-based combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Richardson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USAUniversity of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USACentre Rene Gauducheau, Nantes, France
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19
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Zhao W, Liu M, D'Silva NJ, Kirkwood KL. Tristetraprolin regulates interleukin-6 expression through p38 MAPK-dependent affinity changes with mRNA 3' untranslated region. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:629-37. [PMID: 21457063 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a well-characterized, zinc finger-containing, RNA-binding protein. TTP targets tumor necrosis factor α for degradation via the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). Although AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'UTR of interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA dictate mRNA degradation, the role of TTP in the post-transcriptional regulation of IL-6 gene expression is unclear. Here we used TTP-deficient mice to test the hypothesis that IL-6 expression is influenced by TTP. Genetic and siRNA-mediated knockdown of TTP resulted in increased IL-6 production and overexpression of TTP had the reverse effect. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α production were elevated after injection of IL-1β in TTP-deficient mice. Further, embryonic fibroblasts from these mice (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) exhibited greater IL-6 mRNA expression and longer half-life than wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Overexpression of TTP reduced IL-6 3'UTR luciferase reporter activity in an ARE-dependent manner. Proximal and distal regions of the 3'UTR acted synergistically to produce the full repression of TTP. Mutation-based luciferase assays show that ARE2, ARE3, and ARE4 are required for TTP-mediated repression. The constitutively activated p38-MK2 pathway abrogated TTP-mediated repression of IL-6 3'UTR reporter activity. RNA immunoprecipitation assay indicated that the deficiency of p38α resulted in the increased affinity of TTP to IL-6 mRNA. Taken together, we propose that TTP downregulates IL-6 gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by targeting ARE elements in the 3'UTR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpu Zhao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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20
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Ritchie DS, Quach H, Fielding K, Neeson P. Drug-mediated and cellular immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:243-55. [PMID: 20635931 DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an immunologically relevant disease, which subverts and suppresses immunity, but that may also be amenable to immunological control. Novel drug and cell-based therapies provide an opportunity for the design of antimyeloma immunotherapy. Reversing the immunosuppression associated myeloma remains a substantial challenge. The minimal residual disease setting achieved by autologous stem cell transplant or highly efficacious induction therapy may reverse this immunoparesis and provide a setting for induction of antimyeloma T-cell responses. Adoptive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte/NK therapy and comprehensive treatment with immunomodulatory drug therapy represent means by which antimyeloma immune responses may be promoted. In addition, apoptosis-inducing therapies may prime endogenous antigen presentation via immunogenic cell death, which again may be enhanced by the addition of immunomodulatory drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ritchie
- Department of Haematology & Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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21
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Xie JY, Li MX, Xiang DB, Mou JH, Qing Y, Zeng LL, Yang ZZ, Guan W, Wang D. Elevated Expression of APE1/Ref-1 and its Regulation on IL-6 and IL-8 in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells of Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2010; 10:385-93. [DOI: 10.3816/clml.2010.n.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Di Bernardo A, Macor P, Guarnotta C, Franco G, Florena AM, Tedesco F, Tripodo C. Humoral immunotherapy of multiple myeloma: perspectives and perplexities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:863-73. [PMID: 20367529 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003774063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy still remaining incurable despite the various therapies available, mainly because of the high fraction of refractory/relapsing cases. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently needed to overcome conventional treatment resistance. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In the era of targeted therapies, treatments combining a high specificity for neoplastic cells and the capability to interfere with environmental signals should be regarded as the weapons of choice. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based humoral immunotherapy could satisfy both these requirements when applied to MM. Indeed, many of the molecules expressed on MM cells, such as CD38, CD40, CD49d, CD138 and CD162 are involved in the adhesive dynamics regulating the crosstalk between MM and the BM-microenvironment. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN In this study we review those MM-associated molecules that have shown promising antitumor effects as targets of specific mAbs in preclinical settings, thus deserving to be considered for clinical investigation. TAKE HOME MESSAGE mAbs directed against MM-associated adhesion markers should be taken into account in clinical practice, since they could possibly represent the best available combination of tumor cytotoxicity, environmental signal deprivation and immune system redirection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italia
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Zhou FL, Meng S, Zhang WG, Wei YC, Cao XM, Bai GG, Wang BY. Peptide-based immunotherapy for multiple myeloma: current approaches. Vaccine 2010; 28:5939-46. [PMID: 20619381 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy with many fatal clinical sequelae. Despite extensive therapeutic approaches, cures remain rare exceptions. A recent promising area of investigation is the development of immunotherapeutic approaches that target and eliminate myeloma cells more selectively. Because of its potential to promote the destruction of cancerous cells via cytotoxic T-cell responses, peptide-based immunotherapy is one of these strategies to have attracted considerable attention. Furthermore, many studies were carried out to identify the best epitope peptides, the optimal vaccine formulation and schedule, and the preferable clinical situation for vaccination. Based on these results, various epitope peptides have been identified that may be selectively targeted by host immunity, and various approaches have been used to enhance the immune responses of peptides. This chapter focuses on reviewing previous immunotherapy trials, describing the current strategies for peptide-based immunotherapy, and discussing the achievable prospects in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Affiliated No. 2 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, The West Five Road, No. 157, Xi'an 710004, PR China.
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that many cancers, including breast cancer, contain populations of cells that display stem-cell properties. These breast cancer stem cells, by virtue of their relative resistance to radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy, may contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. The elucidation of pathways that regulate these cells has led to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. A number of agents capable of targeting breast cancer stem cells in preclinical models are currently entering clinical trials. Assessment of the efficacy of the agents will require development of innovative clinical trial designs with appropriate biologic and clinical end points. The effective targeting of breast cancer stem cells has the potential to significantly improve outcome for women with both early-stage and advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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D'Angelo RC, Wicha MS. Stem cells in normal development and cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010; 95:113-58. [PMID: 21075331 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385071-3.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we provide an overview of stem cells in normal tissues as well as in many different types of cancers. All tissues in the body are derived from organ-specific stem cells that retain the ability to self-renew and differentiate into specific cell types. The cancer stem cell hypothesis suggests that tumors arise from cell populations with dysregulated self-renewal. This may be tissue stem cells or more differentiated cells that acquire self-renewal capabilities. In addition, we outline some useful assays for purification and isolation of cancer stem cells including the dye exclusion side population assay, flow cytometry sorting techniques for identification of putative cancer stem cell markers, tumorspheres assay, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity assay, PKH, and other membrane staining used to label the cancer stem cells, as well as in vivo xenograft transplantation assays. We also examine some of the cell signaling pathways that regulate stem cell self-renewal including the Notch, Hedgehog, HER2/PI3K/Akt/PTEN, and p53 pathways. We also review information demonstrating the involvement of the microenvironment or stem cell niche and its effects on the growth and maintenance of cancer stem cells. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic implications of targeting stem cells by inhibiting these pathways for the treatment and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Chirco D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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