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Florindo AA, Paula IVFD, Andrade DR, Sarti FM, Mota J, Santos MP, Knebel MTG, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Garcia LMT. [How to improve active mobility in São Paulo, Brazil? Survey with leaders of nongovernmental organizations and public and private sector managers]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00117323. [PMID: 38896598 PMCID: PMC11178370 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt117323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe a quantitative survey conducted with leaders to investigate effective and feasible actions that can be evaluated in computational models to inform policies to promote active mobility based in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2022, an online survey was conducted during the Health Survey in São Paulo (Physical Activity and Environment study), which is monitored by representatives of nongovernmental organizations and public and private sector managers. A questionnaire was elaborated with three questions with 13 alternative answers about actions to promote walking and/or cycling. Leaders should select up to three alternatives based on their potential regarding: (1) effectiveness; (2) feasibility or ease of implementation; and (3) desire to verify tests in computational models to inform policies. The survey was answered by 18 leaders from 16 institutions, comprising 13 (72%) women and 12 (67%) representatives of the third sector, whose average age was 48 years and all had complete higher education. Reducing the speed of motor vehicles was the most cited option in all three questions. Other actions mentioned refer to controlling the traffic of vehicles in central areas, improving pedestrian safety, reducing the distances between homes and places of employment, conducting educational campaigns, and expanding and enhancing structures such as bicycle lanes and sidewalks. The results are relevant to support evidence-based decision-making in public management and to provide subsidies for the development of computational models with a view to promoting active mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Antonio Florindo
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Douglas Roque Andrade
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Flávia Mori Sarti
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Santos
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Thaisi Garro Knebel M, Turrell G, de Souza Wanderley Júnior R, Pignatti Teixeira I, Silva de Oliveira E, Akira Hino A, Roque Andrade D, Antonio Florindo A. A cohort study examining individual factors influencing cycling as a transportation mode in São Paulo, Brazil. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102535. [PMID: 38174325 PMCID: PMC10761767 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between individual-level factors and cycling for transportation in a cohort of participants living in São Paulo city, Brazil. The same participants (n = 1,431 adults) were interviewed in 2014/2015 (Wave 1) and 2020/2021 (Wave 2) as part of the 'São Paulo Health Survey-ISA: Physical Activity and Environment'. For the longitudinal transport cycling binary outcome, participants who reported cycling at both time-points and those who were cycling at Wave 2 only were coded as a positive longitudinal pattern for cycling. Those who were not cycling at either Waves, and those who were cycling at Wave 1 only, were grouped into a negative pattern for cycling. The relationship between the longitudinal patterns for transport cycling and sociodemographics, health characteristics, and behaviors at Wave 1 were tested using bivariate analysis, and the significant individual-level factors were then examined in a multivariable binary logistic regression model. The odds of being classified in the positive cycling pattern were lower for women [OR = 0.09; 95 % CI = 0.04---0.19], and higher for persons aged 30 - 39 [OR = 3.25; 95 % CI = 1.38---7.66], those who owned a bicycle [OR = 2.00; 95 % CI = 1.13---3.54], and those who engaged in ≥ 120 min/week of transport walking [OR = 2.07; 95 % CI = 1.24---3.47] or leisure-time physical activity [OR = 1.77; 95 % CI = 1.02---3.06]. Cycling interventions and promotion should target women, the mid-aged and involve facilitating bicycle access. Advocacy for physical activity interventions is needed to influence transport cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Thaisi Garro Knebel
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group at University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rildo de Souza Wanderley Júnior
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group at University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inaian Pignatti Teixeira
- Department of Body and Human Movement, Minas Gerais State University, Passos, MG, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group at University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaynne Silva de Oliveira
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group at University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Akira Hino
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roque Andrade
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group at University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Antonio Florindo
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group at University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Cerci RJ, Fernandes-Silva MM, Vitola JV, Cerci JJ, Pereira Neto CC, Masukawa M, Gracia APW, Silvello LL, Prado P, Guedes M, Hino AAF, Baena CP. Association of Income Level and Ischemic Heart Disease: Potential Role of Walkability. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220844. [PMID: 38055417 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of Income Level and Ischemic Heart Disease: Potential Role of Walkability Association of ischemic heart disease (adjusted for traditional risk factors and socioeconomics variables) and income level (A), and walkability z-score (B), and association of walkability z-score and income level (C). BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status has been linked to ischemic heart disease (IHD). High-income neighborhoods may expose individuals to a walking-promoting built environment for daily activities (walkability). Data from the association between income and IHD is lacking in middle-income countries. It is also uncertain whether walkability mediates this association. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether income is associated with IHD in a middle-income country and whether neighborhood walkability mediates the income-IHD association. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 44,589 patients referred for myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI). Income and walkability were derived from participants' residential census tract. Walkability quantitative score combined 4 variables: street connectivity, residential density, commercial density, and mixed land use. IHD was defined by abnormal myocardial perfusion during a SPECT-MPI study. We used adjusted mixed effects models to evaluate the association between income level and IHD, and we performed a mediation analysis to measure the percentage of the income-IHD association mediated by walkability. We considered p values below 0.01 as statistically significant. RESULTS From 26,415 participants, those living in the lowest-income tertile census tract were more physically inactive (79.1% versus 75.8% versus 72.7%) when compared to higher-income tertile census tracts (p < 0.001). Income was associated with IHD (odds ratio: 0.91 [95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 0.96] for each 1,000.00 international dollars increase in income) for both men and women equally (p for interaction = 0.47). Census tracts with a higher income were associated with better walkability (p < 0.001); however, walkability did not mediate the income-IHD association (percent mediated = -0.3%). CONCLUSIONS Income was independently associated with higher prevalence of IHD in a middle-income country irrespective of gender. Although walkability was associated with census tract income, it did not mediate the income-IHD association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Julio Cerci
- Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem - Cardiovascular CT, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
| | - Miguel Morita Fernandes-Silva
- Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem - Cardiovascular CT, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Margaret Masukawa
- Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem - Cardiovascular CT, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
| | | | | | - Pedro Prado
- Quanta Diagnóstico por Imagem - Cardiovascular CT, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
| | - Murilo Guedes
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR - Brasil
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Naseri M, Delbosc A, Kamruzzaman L. The role of neighbourhood design in cycling activity during COVID-19: An exploration of the Melbourne experience. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY 2023; 106:103510. [PMID: 36531519 PMCID: PMC9742218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 restrictions imposed significant changes on human mobility patterns, with some studies finding significant increases or decreases in cycling. However, to date there is little understanding on how the neighbourhood-level built environment influenced cycling behaviour during the COVID-19 restrictions. As different neighbourhood have different built environment characteristics, it is possible that cycling trends varied across different built environment settings. We aimed to answer this question by examining recreational cycling during different stages of lockdown in Melbourne, Australia. We compared self-reported recreational cycling frequency (weekly) data from 1344 respondents between pre-COVID and two different stages in lockdown. We tested whether the built environment of their residential neighbourhood and different sociodemographic characteristics influenced leisure cycling rates and whether the effect of these factors varied between different stages of COVID-19 restriction. We found that cycling declined significantly during the two stages of COVID-19 lockdown. Cycling infrastructure density and connectivity are two built environment factors that had a significant effect on limiting the decline in leisure cycling during the pandemic. Furthermore, men and younger people had higher cycling rates in comparison to other groups, suggesting that restrictions on indoor activities and travel limits were not enough to encourage women or older people to cycle more during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Naseri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexa Delbosc
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liton Kamruzzaman
- Monash Art Design and Architecture, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Zhong Q, Li B, Chen Y. How Do Different Urban Footpath Environments Affect the Jogging Preferences of Residents of Different Genders? Empirical Research Based on Trajectory Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14372. [PMID: 36361258 PMCID: PMC9655205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impact of the urban environment on residents' physical activity (PA) has received extensive attention, but whether this impact has differences in the jogging preferences of residents in different footpath environments and different genders requires further research. Therefore, based on jogging trajectory data, this paper uses the grouping multiple linear regression model to study the different influencing factors of different footpath environments on the jogging of residents of different genders. The results show that (1) jogging activities (JA) were mainly concentrated in the community footpath environment, and its peak was reached at night; (2) the rise and fall of elements in built environments, social environments, and natural environments significantly affected the relative jogging distance of residents; (3) Residential land density (RLD) has a positive impact on the JA of community and green land footpaths and has a negative impact on the JA of urban footpaths. However, arterial road density (ARD) and bus distance density (BDD) have opposite significant effects on the JA of communities and green land footpaths; (4) ARD has the significant opposite effect on the JA for residents of different genders on urban footpaths and community footpaths. Facilities diversity (FD), population density (PD), and bus stop density (BSD) also had significant opposite effects on the JA of residents of different genders on green land footpaths. In general, we put forward a method theory to identify the footpath environment and provide references for improving the layout and construction of different gender residents for different footpath environment elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikang Zhong
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Christofoletti M, Streit IA, Garcia LMT, Mendonça G, Benedetti TRB, Papini CB, Borges LJ, Binotto MA, Silva-Júnior FLE. Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
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Christofoletti M, Streit IA, Garcia LMT, Mendonça G, Benedetti TRB, Papini CB, Borges LJ, Binotto MA, Silva-Júnior FLE. Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:3487-3502. [PMID: 36000639 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christofoletti
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Inês Amanda Streit
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia. Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Manaus AM Brasil
| | | | - Gerfeson Mendonça
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Curso de Educação Física, Centro Universitário CESMAC. Maceió AL Brasil
| | - Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Camila Bosquiero Papini
- Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba MG Brasil
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Muzenda T, Dambisya PM, Kamkuemah M, Gausi B, Battersby J, Oni T. Mapping food and physical activity environments in low- and middle-income countries: A systematised review. Health Place 2022; 75:102809. [PMID: 35508088 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This systematised literature review synthesised evidence on approaches to mapping food and physical activity (PA) environments in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Of the 60 articles included, 25 and 35 mapped food and PA environments respectively. All studies were cross-sectional with researcher-led data collection. Three types of mapping tools were identified - maps (n = 18), GPS (n = 10), and GIS (n = 37). Our findings point to a paucity of research mapping food and PA environments, overall and particularly subjective domains. We highlight a need for future studies that utilise innovative, inexpensive and participatory research methods to understand dynamic exposures to obesogenic environment features in resource-constrained contexts undergoing rapid urbanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Muzenda
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Philip Mbulalina Dambisya
- Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Monika Kamkuemah
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Blessings Gausi
- Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Jane Battersby
- African Centre for Cities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7945, South Africa
| | - Tolu Oni
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Minatto G, Silva KSD, Gerage AM, Oliveira BND, Paiva Neto FTD, Delevatti RS, Malta DC, Duca GFD. Active commuting among workers in the Southern of Brazil: a comparative analysis between 2006 and 2016. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:1413-1422. [PMID: 35475822 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022274.05832021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to compare the prevalence of active commuting to work in adults in the Southern region of Brazil between 2006 and 2016 according to sociodemographic and labor characteristics. The data from the Brazilian System for the Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases - VIGITEL were compared in 2006 and 2016 (≥18 years). Active commuting to work, sex, age group, education and job characteristics were collected by telephone survey and transportation in the cities of Florianópolis, Curitiba and Porto Alegre, using absolute and relative frequencies with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Active commuting increased significantly in 2016 compared to 2006. Florianópolis had the highest prevalence in the two years analyzed. In all capitals, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of the outcome, mainly for women, with secondary education and only in Florianópolis for men, with low schooling. The prevalence has also increased for job characteristics in all capitals. Active commuting to work increased significantly among adults living in southern Brazil, with emphasis on Florianópolis. Expanding interventions in this context is a necessity in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Minatto
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Aline Mendes Gerage
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Bruno Nunes de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Francisco Timbó de Paiva Neto
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Giovani Firpo Del Duca
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira s/n, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
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Ferrari G, Werneck AO, Silva DR, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, García MCY, Liria-Domínguez MR, Herrera-Cuenca M, Pratt M, Marques A, Van Dyck D, Leme ACB, Fisberg M. Perceived Urban Environment Attributes and Device-Measured Physical Activity in Latin America: An 8-Nation Study. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:635-645. [PMID: 34810040 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attributes of the neighborhood-built environment are associated with self-reported physical activity, but only a few studies have concentrated on device-measured physical activity in Latin America. This study examines the associations of perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes, device-measured sedentary time, and light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in adults from 8 Latin American countries. METHODS Data from Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud adult study, an observational multicountry study (N=2,478), were analyzed in 2020. Data were collected between 2014 and 2015. Perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes were measured using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Survey. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity data were collected using accelerometers. RESULTS No associations between perceived neighborhood-built environment attributes and sedentary time were found. Positive perceptions of walking/cycling facilities (β=6.50, 95% CI=2.12, 10.39) were associated with more light-intensity physical activity. Perceptions of better aesthetics (Argentina) and better walking/cycling facilities (Brazil and Ecuador) were positively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Land use mix-diversity (β=0.14, 95% CI=0.03, 0.25), walking/cycling facilities (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.05, 0.27), aesthetics (β=0.16, 95% CI=0.02, 0.30), and safety from traffic (β=0.18, 95% CI=0.05, 0.24) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Land use mix-diversity, street connectivity, and safety from traffic were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in Venezuela. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for policy recommendations, which can guide policies to promote physical activity in the region. Land use mix-diversity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, and safety from traffic can maintain or increase the levels of light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among Latin American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Carrera de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lilia Y Cortés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Maria R Liria-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
| | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; ISAMB, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Carolina B Leme
- Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil; Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Centro de Excelência em Nutrição e Dificuldades Alimentares (CENDA), Instituto Pensi, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Bastone ADC, Moreira BDS, Vasconcelos KSDS, Magalhães AS, Coelho DM, Silva JID, Bezerra VM, Lopes AADS, Friche AADL, Caiaffa WT, Andrade ACDS. Time trends of physical activity for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population: results from Vigitel, 2010-2019. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2022; 38:e00057222. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen057222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This time-series study examined a 10-year historical series of the physical activity prevalence for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population. Information from 512,969 adults interviewed from the Vigitel between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. Individuals who reported practicing at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity were considered active during leisure time. Individuals who reported walking or cycling to/from work, course, or school at least 30 minutes/day, equivalent to at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity, were considered active during transportation. The prevalence of physical activity for leisure and transportation was calculated annually and stratified by sex, age group, schooling, and race/skin color. The segmented regression model was applied to analyze the time series. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated. Over time, the prevalence of physical activity for leisure increased, and the prevalence of physical activity for transportation decreased. The highest prevalence of physical activity for leisure was observed among males, young individuals, and those with high education. Older adults, those with high education, and white people presented the lowest prevalence of active transport. Policymakers should propose strategies that encourage and facilitate physical activity for leisure in women, individuals aged ≥ 35 years, and those with less education (< 12 years), and physical activity for transportation among older adults (≥ 60 years), those with high education (≥ 12 years), and white people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amanda Silva Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Moraes Coelho
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Florindo AA, Teixeira IP, Barrozo LV, Sarti FM, Fisberg RM, Andrade DR, Garcia LMT. Study protocol: health survey of Sao Paulo: ISA-Physical Activity and Environment. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:283. [PMID: 33541300 PMCID: PMC7859902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the association between the built environment and physical activity behavior in urban settings. However, most of the studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries were cross-sectional, which are limited to identify behavioral determinants. We propose a prospective cohort study to verify the relationship between built environment features and leisure-time and transport-related physical activity in adults from Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Methods Prospective multilevel cohort, denominated “ISA-Physical Activity and Environment”. It will build on the Health Survey of Sao Paulo in 2015 (“Inquérito de Saúde de São Paulo (ISA)” in Portuguese). The Health Survey of Sao Paulo, originally designed as a cross-sectional survey, had a multi-stage sample, covering 150 census tracts distributed in five health administrative areas. Data collection was performed by face-to-face interviews until December 2015 and the sample comprised 4043 individuals aged 12 years or more. The ISA-Physical Activity and Environment study will reassess people who are aged 18 years or more in 2020, including telephone and household interviews. The primary outcome will be leisure-time and transport-related physical activity, assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long version. Exposure variables will be built environment features in the areas participants live and work in the follow-up. Data analysis will include multivariate multilevel linear and logistic models. We will also conduct cost-effectiveness analysis and develop agent-based models to help inform decision-makers. The study will be conducted by an interdisciplinary research team specialized in physical activity epidemiology, nutritional epidemiology, georeferencing applied to health, statistics, agent-based modeling, public health policy, and health economics. Discussion There are few longitudinal studies on the relationship between the built environment and physical activity behavior in low- and middle-income countries. We believe that the ISA-Physical Activity and Environment study will contribute with important results for the progress of the knowledge in this field and for the implementation of policies that promote leisure-time physical activity and active travel in Sao Paulo and similar cities across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Antonio Florindo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Inaian Pignatti Teixeira
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.,Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
- Department of Geography, School of Philosophy, Literature and Human Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Mori Sarti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Graduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Roque Andrade
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of Sao Paulo, Rua Arlindo Bettio, 1000, Sao Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil.,Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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13
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Yu J, Yang C, Zhang S, Zhai D, Wang A, Li J. The Effect of the Built Environment on Older Men's and Women's Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Mid-Scale City of Jinhua, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1039. [PMID: 33503914 PMCID: PMC7908135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has been suggested to be beneficial in preventing disease and improving body function in older people. Older people's leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is affected by various factors, especially environmental factors. However, the differences in the association between older people's LTPA and the built environment in different sex groups remain unclear. Perceived built environment scores and older people's LTPA were collected for 240 older people in Jinhua using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. A linear regression method was used to analyze the associations between older people's LTPA and the built environment in men, women, and all participants. The results showed that land use mix diversity was associated with LTPA in older people for both sexes. In men, LTPA was also associated with access to services. However, in women, LTPA was associated with residential density, street connectivity, and crime safety. The relationship varied when demographic variables were incorporated into the regression analysis. Those results indicated that a shorter perceived distance from home to destination would motivate older people to engage more in LTPA. Older people's LTPA was affected by various built environment factors according to different sex groups. Women's LTPA was generally more sensitive to the built environment. More studies are needed to confirm the association between LTPA in older people and the built environment in men and women in mid- or small-sized Chinese cities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (A.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada;
| | - Shen Zhang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (A.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Diankai Zhai
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (A.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Aiwen Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (A.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianshe Li
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (A.W.); (J.L.)
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14
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Yu J, Yang C, Zhang S, Zhai D, Li J. Comparison Study of Perceived Neighborhood-Built Environment and Elderly Leisure-Time Physical Activity between Hangzhou and Wenzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9284. [PMID: 33322483 PMCID: PMC7764718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and health are of significant importance for the rapid aging population in China. Built environment has been suggested to be associated with elderly physical activity and health. However, the association differences between cities remain unclear. Perceived built environment scores and elderly leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) of 308 elderly in Hangzhou and 304 elderly in Wenzhou were collected using Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. A multivariate linear regression method and T-test were used to analyze of the associations between elderly LTPA and built environment and the differences between the two cities, respectively. The results showed that LTPA was positively associated with walking/cycling facilities and crime safety in both cities. LTPA was positively correlated with residential density, aesthetics, pedestrian/traffic safety in Wenzhou and negatively correlated with access to services in Hangzhou. The perceived scores of aesthetics (2.71 vs. 2.45) and pedestrian/traffic safety (2.11 vs. 1.71) in Hangzhou were significantly higher than those in Wenzhou. The results suggested that built environment elements like higher walking/cycling facilities and crime safety may motivate elderly engaging LTPA in both cities. However, LTPA was affected by different factors in these two cities. In the urban redevelopment, survey conducted in its own city would provide meaningful information and cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Yu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC H2W 1S4, Canada;
| | - Shen Zhang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Diankai Zhai
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianshe Li
- Faculty of Sport Science, Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.Z.); (D.Z.); (J.L.)
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15
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Abstract
Walking and cycling are not only frequently-used modes of transport but also popular physical activities. They are beneficial to traffic congestion mitigation, air pollution reduction, and public health promotion. Hence, examining and comparing the built environment correlates of the propensity of walking and cycling is of great interest to urban practitioners and decision-makers and has attracted extensive research attention. However, existing studies mainly look into the two modes separately or consider them as an integral (i.e., active travel), and few compare built environment correlates of their propensity in a single study, especially in the developing world context. Thus, this study, taking Xiamen, China, as a case, examines the built environment correlates of the propensity of walking and cycling simultaneously and compares the results wherever feasible. It found (1) built environment correlates of the propensity of walking and cycling differ with each other largely in direction and magnitude; (2) land use mix, intersection density, and bus stop density are positively associated with walking propensity, while the distance to the CBD (Central Business District) is a negative correlate; (3) as for cycling propensity, only distance to CBD is a positive correlate, and job density, intersection density, and bus stop density are all negative correlates. The findings of this study have rich policy implications for walking and cycling promotion interventions.
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16
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Zhang Q, Kwan Yung EH, Wan Chan EH. Comparison of perceived sustainability among different neighbourhoods in transitional China: The case of Chengdu. HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 103:102204. [PMID: 32834300 PMCID: PMC7406297 DOI: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There have been increasing concerns about neighbourhoods' contextual characteristics and the importance of applying integrated sustainability principles to develop sustainable neighbourhoods. Among the contextual characteristics, the role of residents' perception of their neighbourhoods is critical when identifying various local sustainability issues and developing sustainable neighbourhood planning. However, little research has been done on evaluating residents' subjective perceptions of different neighbourhoods' sustainability performance, particularly in this time of transitional China. Thus, this research employed an empirical approach to investigate residents' perceived sustainability performance in three different neighbourhoods, including the traditional danwei, resettlement and commodity housing neighbourhoods in Chengdu. Questionnaire surveys and expert interviews were conducted to analyse the sustainability performance and critical sustainability issues in different neighbourhoods. The results demonstrated that infrastructure and public engagement were two common and significant factors affecting the sustainability of all three neighbourhoods. Most importantly, the three different neighbourhoods showed different sustainability challenges which called for developing contextual framework for sustainable neighbourhood development. Several theoretical and policy implications for planning were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Corresponding author. ZN712 Building and Real Estate, Department Faculty of Construction and Environment, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Yu T, Fu M, Zhang B, Feng L, Meng H, Li X, Su S, Dun Q, Cheng S, Nian Y, Wu Q, Meng Z, Duan Y, Liu X, Chen L, Wu N, Zou Y. Neighbourhood built environment and leisure-time physical activity: A cross-sectional study in southern China. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:285-292. [PMID: 32228161 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1749311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted scientific evidence linking neighbourhood built environment to adults' leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among adults in China. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted from April to July 2017 among 1002 adults aged 18-69 years old in Pingshan District, Shenzhen, China. Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to measure participants' neighbourhood built environment and leisure-time physical activity, which was categorised into leisure-time walking (LTW) and leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LTMVPA). A total of 986 participants (mean age = 40.7 years, 53.3% females) were included in this research. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio-demographic variables, LTW and LTMVPA by sex. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neighbourhood environment characteristics and the likelihood of engaging in active LTW and LTMVPA. Only 20.7% of participants engaged in active LTW and 17.8% active LTMVPA. Better road condition was associated with higher likelihood of active (at least 150 min/week) LTW and LTMVPA. High perceived esthetic was positively associated with LTW and LTMVPA. Active LTW was related to better perception of traffic condition as well. The improvement of the neighbourhood environment characteristics can promote active LTPA among adults living in Shenzhen, China. Our findings support the importance of considering population health effects in urban planning and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhen Fu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Pingshan District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzheng Zhang
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hongdao Meng
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Su
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Dun
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Cheng
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Nian
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qixin Wu
- West China School of Pubulic Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Duan
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longwei Chen
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengjian Wu
- Disease Control and Prevention Center of Pingshan District, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Zou
- School of Health sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Elshahat S, O’Rorke M, Adlakha D. Built environment correlates of physical activity in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230454. [PMID: 32182278 PMCID: PMC7077823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient physical activity (PA) is the fourth major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases and premature mortality worldwide. Features of the built environment (BE) play a considerable role in determining population PA behaviors. The majority of evidence for PA-BE relationships comes from high-income countries and may not be generalizable to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aim to systematically review the literature and assess the associations between perceived and/or objective BE characteristics and PA domains in LMICs. This review adopted a systematic search strategy for English language articles published between January 2000 and June 2019 from four electronic databases-Medline, Embase, Web of Science and PubMed-adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing the associations between self-reported and/or objective BE and PA were only included if they were conducted in LMICs, according to the World Bank classification list. Articles investigating PA-BE relationships across any age groups were included, and all study designs were eligible, except for qualitative studies and reviews. Thirty-three studies were included for evidence synthesis. Cross-sectional studies were the most prevailing study design (97%), revealing a notable gap in longitudinal PA-BE research in LMICs. A majority of the BE factors were not associated with different PA domains while others (e.g., density, proximity to services, aesthetics) exhibited an inconsistent association. Land-use mix diversity was positively associated with transport PA and the presence of recreation facilities resulted in an increase in PA during leisure-time. Increased safety from crime at night consistently increased total PA and walking levels. Research exploring the associations between BE attributes and PA behaviors in LMICs appears to be limited and is primarily cross-sectional. Longitudinal research studies with objective measures are needed for inferring well-grounded PA-BE causal relationships and informing the design of evidence-based environmental interventions for increasing PA levels in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elshahat
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O’Rorke
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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19
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Tamura K, Wilson JS, Goldfeld K, Puett RC, Klenosky DB, Harper WA, Troped PJ. Accelerometer and GPS Data to Analyze Built Environments and Physical Activity. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2019; 90:395-402. [PMID: 31199713 PMCID: PMC6701185 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1609649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Most built environment studies have quantified characteristics of the areas around participants' homes. However, the environmental exposures for physical activity (PA) are spatially dynamic rather than static. Thus, merged accelerometer and global positioning system (GPS) data were utilized to estimate associations between the built environment and PA among adults. Methods: Participants (N = 142) were recruited on trails in Massachusetts and wore an accelerometer and GPS unit for 1-4 days. Two binary outcomes were created: moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA vs. light PA-to-sedentary); and light-to-vigorous PA (LVPA vs. sedentary). Five built environment variables were created within 50-meter buffers around GPS points: population density, street density, land use mix (LUM), greenness, and walkability index. Generalized linear mixed models were fit to examine associations between environmental variables and both outcomes, adjusting for demographic covariates. Results: Overall, in the fully adjusted models, greenness was positively associated with MVPA and LVPA (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.30 and 1.25, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.41, respectively). In contrast, street density and LUM were negatively associated with MVPA (ORs = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.71 and 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.97, respectively) and LVPA (ORs = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.81 and 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74, 0.90, respectively). Negative associations of population density and walkability with both outcomes reached statistical significance, yet the effect sizes were small. Conclusions: Concurrent monitoring of activity with accelerometers and GPS units allowed us to investigate relationships between objectively measured built environment around GPS points and minute-by-minute PA. Negative relationships between street density and LUM and PA contrast evidence from most built environment studies in adults. However, direct comparisons should be made with caution since most previous studies have focused on spatially fixed buffers around home locations, rather than the precise locations where PA occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tamura
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey S. Wilson
- Department of Geography, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Keith Goldfeld
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robin C. Puett
- Maryland Institute of Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Heath, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - David B. Klenosky
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - William A. Harper
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Philip J. Troped
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA
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20
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de Souza FT. Morbidity Forecast in Cities: A Study of Urban Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil. J Urban Health 2019; 96:591-604. [PMID: 29845585 PMCID: PMC6677834 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, urbanization has intensified, and in Brazil, about 90% of the population now lives in urban centers. Atmospheric patterns have changed owing to the high growth rate of cities, with negative consequences for public health. This research aims to elucidate the spatial patterns of air pollution and respiratory diseases. A data-based model to aid local urban management to improve public health policies concerning air pollution is described. An example of data preparation and multivariate analysis with inventories from different cities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba was studied. A predictive model with outstanding accuracy in prediction of outbreaks was developed. Preliminary results describe relevant relations among morbidity scales, air pollution levels, and atmospheric seasonal patterns. The knowledge gathered here contributes to the debate on social issues and public policies. Moreover, the results of this smaller scale study can be extended to megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Teodoro de Souza
- Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU), Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. .,Polytechnic School & School of Architecture and Design, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Po Box, 16210, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil.
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21
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Chiang CC, Chiou ST, Liao YM, Liou YM. The perceived neighborhood environment is associated with health-enhancing physical activity among adults: a cross-sectional survey of 13 townships in Taiwan. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:524. [PMID: 31064351 PMCID: PMC6505307 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many environmental factors have been associated with physical activity. The environment is considered a key factor in terms of the rate of engagement in physical activity. This study examined the perceived effect of environmental factors on different levels of health-enhancing physical activity among Taiwanese adults. Methods Data were collected from 549 adults aged at least 18 years from the northern, central, southern and eastern regions of Taiwan. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) showcard version, and participants were divided into three categories: those who performed low-, moderate-, or high-levels of physical activity, as suggested by the IPAQ scoring protocol. The perceived neighborhood environment in relation to physical activity was adapted from the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to ascertain associations between individual perceptions of the neighborhood environment and different physical activity levels. Results Respondents who perceived their neighborhood environment as having easy access to services and stores, and higher traffic safety were more likely to be moderate level of physical activity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–3.37; OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.12–2.80). The perception of having easy access to services and stores and seeing many physically active people in the neighborhood were both positively associated with a high level of physical activity (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.01–5.01; OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.11–5.23). Conclusions Different perceived neighborhood environmental factors were associated with moderate and high levels of physical activity, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of an activity-friendly neighborhood environment to stimulate engagement in physical activity among adults in Taiwan. Therefore, policies and programs should focus on improving friendliness and diversity in neighborhoods to facilitate individuals’ transitions from inactive to active lifestyles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6848-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Chiang
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ti Chiou
- Center for Quality Management, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Mei Liao
- Clinical Institute of Nursing, School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiing Mei Liou
- Institute of Community Health Care, School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong St., Sec. 2, Pai-Tou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,School Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Santos DSD, Hino AAF, Höfelmann DA. Iniquidades do ambiente construído relacionado à atividade física no entorno de escolas públicas de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00110218. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a associação entre as características do ambiente relacionado à atividade física com a renda em áreas de entorno escolar em Curitiba, Paraná. Foram auditados 888 segmentos de rua com um instrumento de observação sistemática em três seções (Rotas, Segmentos e Cruzamentos) no raio de 500 metros ao redor de 30 escolas públicas. O escore total foi a soma das seções. Dados de renda do entorno escolar foram obtidos do Censo Demográfico de 2010, e a distância linear de cada escola até o centro da cidade foi calculada. Modelos multiníveis (nível um segmento e nível dois escola) foram aplicados na análise, com estimativas de médias ponderadas e correlações intraclasse (ICC). Na análise bruta, a maior variabilidade entre as escolas foi observada na seção Segmentos (ICC = 0,41), e a menor, na seção Rotas (ICC = 0,19). Os segmentos de rua localizados no entorno de escolas do primeiro tercil de renda alcançaram uma média ajustada de 15,6 (IC95%: 13,0-18,3) no escore total, quase metade daqueles de renda maior, que atingiram 30,7 (IC95%: 28,0-33,5) pontos, com diferença significativa entre os tercis (p < 0,001). O escore das áreas mais centrais foi 30,1 (IC95%: 26,9-33,4), significativamente maior (p < 0,001) se comparado àquelas mais periféricas em que a pontuação foi 16,3 (IC95%: 12,8-19,8). As características do ambiente avaliadas nas seções Rotas e Segmentos, além do escore total, mostraram-se associadas com a menor renda. Ambiente de pior qualidade em áreas de menor renda é uma das iniquidades que precisa ser enfrentada nas metrópoles brasileiras e que pode contribuir para a melhoria da saúde das pessoas.
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Gaskin CJ, Orellana L. Factors Associated with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults from Six Low- and Middle-Income Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050908. [PMID: 29751561 PMCID: PMC5981947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rising life expectancy in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), coupled with the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, accentuates the importance of generating information to support public health strategies. With this aim in mind, the purpose of this study was to identify correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in LMIC. We analyzed Wave 1 data (collected 2007–2010) from the World Health Organization’s longitudinal Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), which focuses on nationally representative samples of adults aged 50 years and older from six countries (China, n = 13,157; India, n = 6560; Mexico, n = 2301; Russian Federation, n = 3763; South Africa, n = 3836; and Ghana, n = 4305). Associations of physical activity (operationalized as meeting physical activity guidelines of ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or not) and sedentary behavior (≥4 h/day versus <4 h/day) with demographic, health and health risk, functional, interpersonal, and environmental factors were assessed using multivariate logistic models. Across the six countries, we found fairly consistent and reasonably strong associations between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and several demographic factors (age and employment, in particular), self-reported health, instrumental activities of daily living, factors relating to socializing, and household location. Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in LMIC appear to be similar to those found in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cadeyrn J Gaskin
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia.
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Cycling for Transportation in Sao Paulo City: Associations with Bike Paths, Train and Subway Stations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040562. [PMID: 29561755 PMCID: PMC5923604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cities that support cycling for transportation reap many public health benefits. However, the prevalence of this mode of transportation is low in Latin American countries and the association with facilities such as bike paths and train/subway stations have not been clarified. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between bike paths, train/subway stations and cycling for transportation in adults from the city of Sao Paulo. We used data from the Sao Paulo Health Survey (n = 3145). Cycling for transportation was evaluated by a questionnaire and bike paths and train/subway stations were geocoded using the geographic coordinates of the adults' residential addresses in 1500-m buffers. We used multilevel logistic regression, taking account of clustering by census tract and households. The prevalence of cycling for transportation was low (5.1%), and was more prevalent in males, singles, those active in leisure time, and in people with bicycle ownership in their family. Cycling for transportation was associated with bike paths up to a distance of 500 m from residences (OR (Odds Ratio) = 2.54, 95% CI (Confidence interval) 1.16-5.54) and with the presence of train/subway stations for distances >500 m from residences (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.10-3.86). These results are important to support policies to improve cycling for transportation in megacities such as Sao Paulo.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace design can impact workday physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PA behavior among university employees before and after moving into a new building. METHODS A pre-post, experimental versus control group study design was used. PA data were collected using surveys and accelerometers from university faculty and staff. Accelerometry was used to compare those moving into the new building (MOVERS) and those remaining in existing buildings (NONMOVERS) and from a control group (CONTROLS). RESULTS Survey results showed increased self-reported PA for MOVERS and NONMOVERS. All 3 groups significantly increased in objectively collected daily energy expenditure and steps per day. The greatest steps per day increase was in CONTROLS (29.8%) compared with MOVERS (27.5%) and NONMOVERS (15.9%), but there were no significant differences between groups at pretest or posttest. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported and objectively measured PA increased from pretest to posttest in all groups; thus, the increase cannot be attributed to the new building. Confounding factors may include contamination bias due to proximity of control site to experimental site and introduction of a university PA tracking contest during postdata collection. Methodology and results can inform future studies on best design practices for increasing PA.
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Lopes AADS, Kienteka M, Fermino RC, Reis RS. Characteristics of the environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation among adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00203116. [PMID: 29412329 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00203116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the characteristics of the built and social and environmental microscale and walking and bicycling for transportation in adults in Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed in 2009 with a household survey that included 1,419 adults. Objective evaluation of environment was performed on the resident's street segments, using an instrument for systematic observation consisting of six dimensions: "land use", "public transportation", "streetscape", "conditions and aesthetics", "places for walking and bicycling", and "social environment". The score for each dimension was obtained as the sum of positive items related to physical activity. The items for "public transportation" (≥ 1 items) and "places for walking and bicycling on the streets" (≥ 3 items) were dichotomized, while the scores for the other items were classified in tertiles. Walking and bicycling for transportation were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using multilevel Poisson regression. Medium "streetscape" score was inversely associated with walking ≥ 150min/week (PR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.40-0.91; VPC = 12%) and bicycling (PR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.29-0.99; VPC = 60%). In conclusion, only "streetscape" was associated with walking and bicycling for transportation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Aparecido Dos Santos Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Marilson Kienteka
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Rogério César Fermino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Siqueira Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.,Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, U.S.A.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
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Physical Environment Correlates of Physical Activity in Developing Countries: A Review. J Phys Act Health 2017; 15:303-314. [PMID: 29278043 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases and obesity are considered problems of wealthy, developed countries. These conditions are rising dramatically in developing countries. Most existing research on the role of the physical environment to support physical activity examines developed countries only. OBJECTIVES This review identifies physical environment factors that are associated with physical activity in developing countries. METHODS This review is modeled on a highly cited review by Saelens and Handy in 2008. The current review analyzes findings from 159 empirical studies in the 138 developing countries. RESULTS Results discuss the association of physical environment features and physical activity for all developing countries and identify the patterns within regions. The review supports the association of traffic safety with physical activity for transportation. Rural (vs urban) residence, distance to nonresidential land uses, and "composite" features of the physical environment are associated with general physical activity. Rural (vs urban) residence is associated with physical activity for work. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed on associations between the physical environment and physical activity in developing countries. Research should identify specific physical environment features in urban areas that are associated with higher activity levels.
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Does Physical Activity Mediate the Association Between Perceived Neighborhood Aesthetics and Overweight/Obesity Among South African Adults Living in Selected Urban and Rural Communities? J Phys Act Health 2017; 14:925-932. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: To investigate the mediation effects of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between the perceived neighborhood aesthetic environment and overweight/obesity in free-living South Africans. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 671 adults aged ≥ 35 years was analyzed. PA was assessed using the validated International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Perceived neighborhood aesthetics was assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale Questionnaire. Results: Of 671 participants, 76.0% were women, 34.1% aged 45–54 years, and 69.2% were overweight or obese. In adjusted logistic regression models, overweight/obesity was significantly associated with neighborhood aesthetics [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–0.93] and PA (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90). In expanded multivariable models, overweight/obesity was associated with age 45–55 years (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05–2.40), female gender (OR = 6.24; 95% CI, 3.95–9.86), tertiary education (OR = 4.05; 95% CI, 1.19–13.86), and urban residence (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 1.66–3.65). Conclusion: Aesthetics was positively associated with PA; both aesthetics and PA were negatively associated with overweight and obesity. There was no evidence to support a significant mediating effect of PA on the relationship between aesthetics and overweight/obesity. Future studies should consider objective assessment of aesthetics and PA. In addition, future studies should consider using longitudinal design to evaluate food-related environments, which are related to overweight or obesity.
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de Sá TH, de Rezende LFM, Borges MC, Nakamura PM, Anapolsky S, Parra D, Adami F, Monteiro CA. Prevalence of active transportation among adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systematic review of population-based studies. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e35. [PMID: 31363356 PMCID: PMC6614750 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of "active" (self-propelled, human-powered) transportation in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region over the past decade. METHODS MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica (Embase), SportDiscus, Lilacs, MediCarib, Web of Science, OVID, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, National Transportation Library, and TRIS/TRID were searched for articles on active transportation published between January 2003 and December 2014 with (at least) a title and abstract in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Research was included in the study if the two reviewing authors agreed it 1) was conducted in an adult sample (≥ 18 years old), 2) was designed to be representative of any LAC area, and 3) reported at least one measure of active transportation. Reference lists of included papers and retrieved reviews were also checked. A total of 129 key informants (87 scientific experts and 42 government authorities) were contacted to identify additional candidate publications. Two other authors extracted the data independently. RESULTS A total of 10 459 unique records were found; the full texts of 143 were reviewed; and a total of 45 studies were included in the study, yielding estimates for 72 LAC settings, most of which were in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia. No eligible studies were found for the years 2003-2004, resulting in a 10-year study time frame. Estimates were available for walking, cycling, or the combination of both, with a high degree of heterogeneity (heterogeneity index (I2) ≥ 99%). The median prevalence of active transportation (combining walking and cycling) was 12.0%, ranging from 5.1% (in Palmas, Brazil) to 58.9% (in Rio Claro, Brazil). Men cycled more than women in all regions for which information was available. The opposite was true for walking. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of active transportation in LAC varied widely, with great heterogeneity and uneven distribution of studies across countries, indicating the need for efforts to build comprehensive surveillance systems with standardized, timely, and detailed estimates of active transportation in order to support policy planning and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Hérick de Sá
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazilDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of MedicineUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazilDepartment of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- Postgraduate program in EpidemiologyUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotas, RSBrazilPostgraduate program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Missaki Nakamura
- Postgraduate program in Motor ScienceUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Rio ClarSPBrazilPostgraduate program in Motor Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sebastian Anapolsky
- Independent ConsultantIndependent ConsultantBuenos Aires, BAArgentinaIndependent Consultant, Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina.
| | - Diana Parra
- Program in Physical Therapy, School of MedicineProgram in Physical Therapy, School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States of AmericaProgram in Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States of America.
| | - Fernando Adami
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Análise de DadosFaculdade de Medicina do ABCSanto André, SPBrazilLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Análise de Dados, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Augusto Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazilDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Giles-Corti B, Vernez-Moudon A, Reis R, Turrell G, Dannenberg AL, Badland H, Foster S, Lowe M, Sallis JF, Stevenson M, Owen N. City planning and population health: a global challenge. Lancet 2016; 388:2912-2924. [PMID: 27671668 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant global health challenges are being confronted in the 21st century, prompting calls to rethink approaches to disease prevention. A key part of the solution is city planning that reduces non-communicable diseases and road trauma while also managing rapid urbanisation. This Series of papers considers the health impacts of city planning through transport mode choices. In this, the first paper, we identify eight integrated regional and local interventions that, when combined, encourage walking, cycling, and public transport use, while reducing private motor vehicle use. These interventions are destination accessibility, equitable distribution of employment across cities, managing demand by reducing the availability and increasing the cost of parking, designing pedestrian-friendly and cycling-friendly movement networks, achieving optimum levels of residential density, reducing distance to public transport, and enhancing the desirability of active travel modes (eg, creating safe attractive neighbourhoods and safe, affordable, and convenient public transport). Together, these interventions will create healthier and more sustainable compact cities that reduce the environmental, social, and behavioural risk factors that affect lifestyle choices, levels of traffic, environmental pollution, noise, and crime. The health sector, including health ministers, must lead in advocating for integrated multisector city planning that prioritises health, sustainability, and liveability outcomes, particularly in rapidly changing low-income and middle-income countries. We recommend establishing a set of indicators to benchmark and monitor progress towards achievement of more compact cities that promote health and reduce health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Reis
- Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Parana, Brazil; Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarah Foster
- University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melanie Lowe
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Cycling in São Paulo, Brazil (1997-2012): Correlates, time trends and health consequences. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:540-545. [PMID: 27761356 PMCID: PMC5067980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to describe cyclists and cycling trips, and to explore correlates, time trends and health consequences of cycling in São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2012. Cross-sectional analysis using repeated São Paulo Household Travel Surveys (HTS). At all time periods cycling was a minority travel mode in São Paulo (1174 people with cycling trips out of 214,719 people). Poisson regressions for individual correlates were estimated using the entire 2012 HTS sample. Men were six times more likely to cycle than women. We found rates of bicycle use rising over time among the richest quartile but total cycling rates dropped from 1997 to 2012 due to decreasing rates among the poor. Harms from air pollution would negate benefits from physical activity through cycling only at 1997 air pollution levels and at very high cycling levels (≥ 9 h of cycling per day). Exposure-based road injury risk decreased between 2007 and 2012, from 0.76 to 0.56 cyclist deaths per 1000 person-hours travelled. Policies to reduce spatial segregation, measures to tackle air pollution, improvements in dedicated cycling infrastructure, and integrating the bicycle with the public transport system in neighborhoods of all income levels could make cycling safer and prevent more individuals from abandoning the cycling mode in São Paulo. Cycling rates increased between 1997 and 2007 but decreased in 2012. Cycling decreased in the 25% poorest and increased in the 25% richest people. Strong gender and age inequalities were observed, favouring men and young people. In current air pollution levels, benefits from cycling outweigh harms in the city. Exposure-based road injury risk decreased between 1997 and 2012.
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Reis RS, Salvo D, Ogilvie D, Lambert EV, Goenka S, Brownson RC. Scaling up physical activity interventions worldwide: stepping up to larger and smarter approaches to get people moving. Lancet 2016; 388:1337-48. [PMID: 27475273 PMCID: PMC5193005 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic of physical inactivity requires a multisectoral, multidisciplinary public-health response. Scaling up interventions that are capable of increasing levels of physical activity in populations across the varying cultural, geographic, social, and economic contexts worldwide is challenging, but feasible. In this paper, we review the factors that could help to achieve this. We use a mixed-methods approach to comprehensively examine these factors, drawing on the best available evidence from both evidence-to-practice and practice-to-evidence methods. Policies to support active living across society are needed, particularly outside the health-care sector, as demonstrated by some of the successful examples of scale up identified in this paper. Researchers, research funders, and practitioners and policymakers in culture, education, health, leisure, planning, and transport, and civil society as a whole, all have a role. We should embrace the challenge of taking action to a higher level, aligning physical activity and health objectives with broader social, environmental, and sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Reis
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health-Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - David Ogilvie
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shifalika Goenka
- Indian Institute of Public Health and Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Sener IN, Lee RJ, Elgart Z. Potential Health Implications and Health Cost Reductions of Transit-Induced Physical Activity. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2016; 3:133-140. [PMID: 27347481 PMCID: PMC4917017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transit has the potential to increase an individual's level of physical activity due to the need to walk or bike at the beginning and end of each trip. Consideration of these health benefits would allow transit proponents to better demonstrate its true costs and benefits. In light of transit's potential health-related impacts, this study contributes to the growing discussion in the emerging field of health and transportation by providing a review of the current level of understanding and evidence related to the physical activity implications of transit use and its associated health cost benefits. Findings from the review revealed that transit use is associated with increased levels of physical activity and improved health outcomes, but the magnitude of these effects is uncertain. There were few studies that estimated the health care cost savings of transit systems, and those that did tended to be imprecise and simplistic. Objective physical activity measures and frequency-based transit measures would allow for greater consistency across studies and help more directly attribute physical activity gains to transit ridership. Additionally, research in this area would benefit from disaggregate estimation techniques and more robust health datasets that can be better linked with existing transit data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek N. Sener
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 505 E. Huntland Dr., Suite 455, Austin, TX 78752, USA
| | - Richard J. Lee
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 505 E. Huntland Dr., Suite 455, Austin, TX 78752, USA
| | - Zachary Elgart
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 701 North Post Oak Rd., Suite 430, Houston, TX 77024, USA
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Hipp JA, Manteiga A, Burgess A, Stylianou A, Pless R. Webcams, Crowdsourcing, and Enhanced Crosswalks: Developing a Novel Method to Analyze Active Transportation. Front Public Health 2016; 4:97. [PMID: 27242989 PMCID: PMC4871890 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Active transportation opportunities and infrastructure are an important component of a community's design, livability, and health. Features of the built environment influence active transportation, but objective study of the natural experiment effects of built environment improvements on active transportation is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop and present a novel method of active transportation research using webcams and crowdsourcing, and to determine if crosswalk enhancement was associated with changes in active transportation rates, including across a variety of weather conditions. METHODS The 20,529 publicly available webcam images from two street intersections in Washington, DC, USA were used to examine the impact of an improved crosswalk on active transportation. A crowdsource, Amazon Mechanical Turk, annotated image data. Temperature data were collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and precipitation data were annotated from images by trained research assistants. RESULTS Summary analyses demonstrated slight, bi-directional differences in the percent of images with pedestrians and bicyclists captured before and after the enhancement of the crosswalks. Chi-square analyses revealed these changes were not significant. In general, pedestrian presence increased in images captured during moderate temperatures compared to images captured during hot or cold temperatures. Chi-square analyses indicated the crosswalk improvement may have encouraged walking and biking in uncomfortable outdoor conditions (P < 0.5). CONCLUSION The methods employed provide an objective, cost-effective alternative to traditional means of examining the effects of built environment changes on active transportation. The use of webcams to collect active transportation data has applications for community policymakers, planners, and health professionals. Future research will work to validate this method in a variety of settings as well as across different built environment and community policy initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC , USA
| | - Alicia Manteiga
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Amanda Burgess
- Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Abby Stylianou
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Robert Pless
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
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Lemoine PD, Sarmiento OL, Pinzón JD, Meisel JD, Montes F, Hidalgo D, Pratt M, Zambrano JM, Cordovez JM, Zarama R. TransMilenio, a Scalable Bus Rapid Transit System for Promoting Physical Activity. J Urban Health 2016. [PMID: 26883031 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-015-0019-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Transport systems can play an important role in increasing physical activity (PA). Bogotá has been recognized for its bus rapid transit (BRT) system, TransMilenio (TM). To date, BRTs have been implemented in over 160 cities worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the association between PA and the use of TM among adults in Bogotá. The study consists of a cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2011 with 1000 adults. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In a subsample of 250 adults, PA was objectively measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Analyses were conducted using multilevel logistic regression models. The use of TM was associated with meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). TM users were more likely to complete an average of >22 min a day of MVPA (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, confidence interval [CI] = 95 % 1.4-7.1) and to walk for transportation for ≥150 min per week (OR = 1.5; CI = 95 % 1.1-2.0). The use of TM was associated with 12 or more minutes of MVPA (95 % CI 4.5-19.4, p < 0.0001). Associations between meeting PA recommendations and use of TM did not differ by socioeconomic status (p value = 0.106) or sex (p value = 0.288). The use of TM is a promising strategy for enhancing public health efforts to reduce physical inactivity through walking for transport. Given the expansion of BRTs, these results could inform the development of transport PA programs in low- to high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo D Lemoine
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 3 #18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jose David Pinzón
- Faculty of Art and Design, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jose D Meisel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dario Hidalgo
- EMBARQ, The WRI Center for Sustainable Transport, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Pratt
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 3 #18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Zambrano
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 3 #18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Roberto Zarama
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, CeiBA Complex Systems Research Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Abstract
Transport systems can play an important role in increasing physical activity (PA). Bogotá has been recognized for its bus rapid transit (BRT) system, TransMilenio (TM). To date, BRTs have been implemented in over 160 cities worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the association between PA and the use of TM among adults in Bogotá. The study consists of a cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2011 with 1000 adults. PA was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In a subsample of 250 adults, PA was objectively measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Analyses were conducted using multilevel logistic regression models. The use of TM was associated with meeting moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). TM users were more likely to complete an average of >22 min a day of MVPA (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, confidence interval [CI] = 95 % 1.4-7.1) and to walk for transportation for ≥150 min per week (OR = 1.5; CI = 95 % 1.1-2.0). The use of TM was associated with 12 or more minutes of MVPA (95 % CI 4.5-19.4, p < 0.0001). Associations between meeting PA recommendations and use of TM did not differ by socioeconomic status (p value = 0.106) or sex (p value = 0.288). The use of TM is a promising strategy for enhancing public health efforts to reduce physical inactivity through walking for transport. Given the expansion of BRTs, these results could inform the development of transport PA programs in low- to high-income countries.
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Feuillet T, Charreire H, Menai M, Salze P, Simon C, Dugas J, Hercberg S, Andreeva VA, Enaux C, Weber C, Oppert JM. Spatial heterogeneity of the relationships between environmental characteristics and active commuting: towards a locally varying social ecological model. Int J Health Geogr 2015; 14:12. [PMID: 25885965 PMCID: PMC4404073 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-015-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background According to the social ecological model of health-related behaviors, it is now well accepted that environmental factors influence habitual physical activity. Most previous studies on physical activity determinants have assumed spatial homogeneity across the study area, i.e. that the association between the environment and physical activity is the same whatever the location. The main novelty of our study was to explore geographical variation in the relationships between active commuting (walking and cycling to/from work) and residential environmental characteristics. Methods 4,164 adults from the ongoing Nutrinet-Santé web-cohort, residing in and around Paris, France, were studied using a geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model. Objective environmental variables, including both the built and the socio-economic characteristics around the place of residence of individuals, were assessed by GIS-based measures. Perceived environmental factors (index including safety, aesthetics, and pollution) were reported by questionnaires. Results Our results show that the influence of the overall neighborhood environment appeared to be more pronounced in the suburban southern part of the study area (Val-de-Marne) compared to Paris inner city, whereas more complex patterns were found elsewhere. Active commuting was positively associated with the built environment only in the southern and northeastern parts of the study area, whereas positive associations with the socio-economic environment were found only in some specific locations in the southern and northern parts of the study area. Similar local variations were observed for the perceived environmental variables. Conclusions These results suggest that: (i) when applied to active commuting, the social ecological conceptual framework should be locally nuanced, and (ii) local rather than global targeting of public health policies might be more efficient in promoting active commuting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Feuillet
- University of Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Bobigny, France. .,University of Paris Est, Lab'Urba, Urban Institute of Paris, UPEC, Créteil, France.
| | - Hélène Charreire
- University of Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Bobigny, France. .,University of Paris Est, Lab'Urba, Urban Institute of Paris, UPEC, Créteil, France.
| | - Mehdi Menai
- University of Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.
| | - Paul Salze
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire « Image Ville Environnement » UMR 7362 CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Chantal Simon
- CARMEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, University of Lyon 1, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique U1235, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France.
| | - Julien Dugas
- CARMEN, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1060, University of Lyon 1, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique U1235, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France.
| | - Serge Hercberg
- University of Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.
| | - Valentina A Andreeva
- University of Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Bobigny, France.
| | - Christophe Enaux
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire « Image Ville Environnement » UMR 7362 CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christiane Weber
- University of Strasbourg, Laboratoire « Image Ville Environnement » UMR 7362 CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Oppert
- University of Paris 13, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), UMR U1153 Inserm/U1125, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques Sorbonne, Paris Cité, Bobigny, France. .,Service de Nutrition GH Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), Pierre and Marie Curie University, Institut Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.
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The association between access to public transportation and self-reported active commuting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:12632-51. [PMID: 25489998 PMCID: PMC4276637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111212632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Active commuting provides routine-based regular physical activity which can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Using public transportation involves some walking or cycling to a transit stop, transfers and a walk to the end location and users of public transportation have been found to accumulate more moderate physical activity than non-users. Understanding how public transportation characteristics are associated with active transportation is thus important from a public health perspective. This study examines the associations between objective measures of access to public transportation and self-reported active commuting. Self-reported time spent either walking or cycling commuting each day and the distance to workplace were obtained for adults aged 16 to 65 in the Danish National Health Survey 2010 (n = 28,928). Access to public transportation measures were computed by combining GIS-based road network distances from home address to public transit stops an integrating their service level. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the association between access to public transportation measures and active commuting. Distance to bus stop, density of bus stops, and number of transport modes were all positively associated with being an active commuter and with meeting recommendations of physical activity. No significant association was found between bus services at the nearest stop and active commuting. The results highlight the importance of including detailed measurements of access to public transit in order to identify the characteristics that facilitate the use of public transportation and active commuting.
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Salvo D, Reis RS, Sarmiento OL, Pratt M. Overcoming the challenges of conducting physical activity and built environment research in Latin America: IPEN Latin America. Prev Med 2014; 69 Suppl 1:S86-92. [PMID: 25456800 PMCID: PMC4268364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence linking the built environment (BE) with physical activity (PA), but few studies have been conducted in Latin America (LA). State-of-the-art methods and protocols have been designed in and applied in high-income countries (HIC). In this paper, we identify key challenges and potential solutions to conducting high-quality PA and BE research in LA. METHODS The experience of implementing the IPEN data collection protocol (IPEN: International Physical Activity Environment Network) in Curitiba, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; and Cuernavaca, Mexico (2010-2011); is described to identify challenges for conducting PA and BE research in LA. RESULTS Five challenges were identified: lack of academic capacity (implemented solutions (IS): building a strong international collaborative network); limited data availability, access and quality (IS: partnering with influential local institutions, and crafting creative solutions to use the best-available data); socio-political, socio-cultural and socio-economic context (IS: in-person recruitment and data collection, alternative incentives); safety (IS: strict rules for data collection procedures, and specific measures to increase trust); and appropriateness of instruments and measures (IS: survey adaptation, use of standardized additional survey components, and employing a context-based approach to understanding the relationship between PA and the BE). Advantages of conducting PA and BE research in LA were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Conducting high-quality PA and BE research in LA is challenging but feasible. Networks of institutions and researchers from both HIC and LMIC play a key role. The lessons learned from the IPEN LA study may be applicable to other LMIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Mexico; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Rodrigo S Reis
- Research Group of Physical Activity and Quality of Life (GPAQ), School of Health and Biosciences, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Schools of Medicine and Government, Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michael Pratt
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Schools of Medicine and Government, Los Andes University, Bogota, Colombia
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Djurhuus S, Hansen HS, Aadahl M, Glümer C. Individual Public Transportation Accessibility is Positively Associated with Self-Reported Active Commuting. Front Public Health 2014; 2:240. [PMID: 25453030 PMCID: PMC4233933 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Active commuters have lower risk of chronic disease. Understanding which of the, to some extent, modifiable characteristics of public transportation that facilitate its use is thus important in a public health perspective. The aim of the study was to examine the association between individual public transportation accessibility and self-reported active commuting, and whether the associations varied with commute distance, age, and gender. Methods: Twenty-eight thousand nine hundred twenty-eight commuters in The Capital Region of Denmark reported self-reported time spent either walking or cycling to work or study each day and the distance to work or study. Data were obtained from the Danish National Health Survey collected in February to April 2010. Individual accessibility by public transportation was calculated using a multi-modal network in a GIS. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the association between accessibility, expressed as access area, and being an active commuter. Results: Public transport accessibility area based on all stops within walking and cycling distance was positively associated with being an active commuter. Distance to work, age, and gender modified the associations. Residing within 10 km commute distance and in areas of high accessibility was associated with being an active commuter and meeting the recommendations of physical activity. For the respondents above 29 years, individual public transportation accessibility was positively associated with being an active commuter. Women having high accessibility had significantly higher odds of being an active commuter compared to having a low accessibility. For men, the associations were insignificant. Conclusion: This study extends the knowledge about the driving forces of using public transportation for commuting by examining the individual public transportation accessibility. Findings suggest that transportation accessibility supports active commuting and planning of improved public transit accessibility has thus a potential of providing health benefits to commuters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Djurhuus
- Department of Planning, Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark ; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
| | | | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Glümer
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
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Djurhuus S, Hansen HS, Aadahl M, Glümer C. Individual Public Transportation Accessibility is Positively Associated with Self-Reported Active Commuting. Front Public Health 2014. [PMID: 25453030 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00240/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active commuters have lower risk of chronic disease. Understanding which of the, to some extent, modifiable characteristics of public transportation that facilitate its use is thus important in a public health perspective. The aim of the study was to examine the association between individual public transportation accessibility and self-reported active commuting, and whether the associations varied with commute distance, age, and gender. METHODS Twenty-eight thousand nine hundred twenty-eight commuters in The Capital Region of Denmark reported self-reported time spent either walking or cycling to work or study each day and the distance to work or study. Data were obtained from the Danish National Health Survey collected in February to April 2010. Individual accessibility by public transportation was calculated using a multi-modal network in a GIS. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the association between accessibility, expressed as access area, and being an active commuter. RESULTS Public transport accessibility area based on all stops within walking and cycling distance was positively associated with being an active commuter. Distance to work, age, and gender modified the associations. Residing within 10 km commute distance and in areas of high accessibility was associated with being an active commuter and meeting the recommendations of physical activity. For the respondents above 29 years, individual public transportation accessibility was positively associated with being an active commuter. Women having high accessibility had significantly higher odds of being an active commuter compared to having a low accessibility. For men, the associations were insignificant. CONCLUSION This study extends the knowledge about the driving forces of using public transportation for commuting by examining the individual public transportation accessibility. Findings suggest that transportation accessibility supports active commuting and planning of improved public transit accessibility has thus a potential of providing health benefits to commuters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Djurhuus
- Department of Planning, Aalborg University , Copenhagen , Denmark ; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
| | | | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Glümer
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
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