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Fu X, Peng S, Feng XL. Socioeconomic inequalities in depressive symptoms in China: The role of social capital. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24918. [PMID: 38314291 PMCID: PMC10837546 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This cohort study used the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2015-2018) to investigate the effects of socioeconomic status and social capital to the incidence of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older individuals in China, incorporating a sample size of 9949 participants. Socioeconomic status, social capital and other explanatory variables were collected in 2015, while depressive symptoms were assessed in 2018. Basic characteristics and social capital measures were compared between urban and rural residents using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status, social capital and depressive symptoms, and the Karlson, Holm, and Breen (KHB) method was employed to verify the mediating role of social capital. We reported persistent socioeconomic inequalities in depressive symptoms, with rural residents and the illiterate having 1.45 times and 1.34 times higher odds of depression. We ascertained social capital from both the cognitive and structural constructs, where we enriched the measurement of structural social capital from three specific dimensions, i.e., informal interaction, altruism, and formal social participation. We found that both cognitive and structural social capital were associated with lower incidence of depressive symptoms, where informal interaction had the largest effect. The mediation analysis further illustrated that informal interaction contributed most to explain 6 %-12 % of the socioeconomic inequalities in depressive symptoms. These results highlighted the unsatisfied mental wellbeing of the vulnerable older people living in rural areas. The finding suggested that older people may benefit more from personal interactions than formal participations. To fulfill the Health in All vision, government and social organizations should consider how to create opportunities to better integrate the older people into the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Fu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shunzhuang Peng
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xing Lin Feng
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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2
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Moustakas L, Wagner J. Conceptualisation and Measurement of Social Cohesion within the Sport and Physical Activity Context: A Scoping Review. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:231. [PMID: 38133098 PMCID: PMC10747867 DOI: 10.3390/sports11120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport, physical activity and social cohesion are increasingly linked within the academic literature. Indeed, studies recognise both the importance of social cohesion for promoting physical activity and the potential of sport to support social cohesion. Up until now, however, the ways in which social cohesion has been defined and measured in the context of sport and physical activity have not been the subject of much academic attention. Through a scoping review of studies measuring social cohesion in the sport and physical activity context, we aim to uncover how social cohesion is defined and measured, thus allowing us to better grasp how the concept is understood and operationalised in this field. As such, full-text inclusion occurred when studies quantitatively measured social cohesion through a questionnaire/survey instrument in connection with sport or physical activity participation or within programmes using sport to foster social cohesion. A total of 40 papers were included in the review, showing broad support for the argument that social cohesion is positively related to sport or physical activity participation. However, the retained texts engage on only a surface level with the concept of social cohesion, with around half not defining the term and the associated measurement tools using only a fraction of the dimensions typically associated with social cohesion. To conclude, we propose future directions to enhance conceptual engagement with and measurement of social cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Moustakas
- Institute for European Sport Development and Leisure Studies, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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3
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Vaz CT, Coelho DM, Silva UM, Andrade ACDS, López FG, Dueñas OLS, Friche AADL, Diez-Roux AV, Caiaffa WT. Social environment characteristics are related to self-rated health in four Latin America countries: Evidence from the SALURBAL Project. Health Place 2023; 83:103110. [PMID: 37708687 PMCID: PMC10561099 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the associations of social and built environment and demographic features of urban areas with self-rated health among adults living in four Latin American countries. We estimated multilevel models with harmonized data from 69,840 adults, nested in 262 sub-cities and 112 cities, obtained from the Salud Urbana en América Latina project. Poor self-rated health was inversely associated with services provision score at the sub-city-level and with social environment index at the city-level. We did not identify associations of built environment and demographic features with self-rated health. Approaches and policies to improve health in Latin American should be urban context-sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Teixeira Vaz
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Divinópolis, 35501-296, Brazil; Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Débora Moraes Coelho
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Uriel Moreira Silva
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa 2367, Cuiabá, 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisca González López
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Chile, Chile.
| | | | - Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Ana Victoria Diez-Roux
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Brazil.
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4
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Prochnow T, Curran LS, Amo C, Patterson MS. Bridging the Built and Social Environments: A Systematic Review of Studies Investigating Influences on Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:438-459. [PMID: 36997160 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this review was to examine articles assessing aspects of the built and social environment simultaneously, and how these environments influence physical activity (PA). A thorough review of studies is needed to identify patterns across studies and gaps for future research and practice. METHODS To be included, articles needed to contain: (1) self-report or objective measure of PA; (2) a measure of the built environment; (3) a measure of the social environment; and (4) an analysis between built environment, social environment, and PA. A systematic literature search of 4358 articles resulted in 87 articles. RESULTS Several populations were present within the sample including various age groups and different countries. As previously established, the built environment and social environment were consistently associated with PA; however, mediating factors between these 2 layers were less clear. Further, there was a lack of longitudinal and experimental study designs. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a need for longitudinal and experimental designs with validated and granular measures. As communities recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, a thorough understanding of how built environment factors enhance or detract from social connectedness and how this reciprocal relationship impacts PA behavior is needed for future policy, environment, and systematic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Prochnow
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Laurel S Curran
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Christina Amo
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Meg S Patterson
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
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Physical Inactivity and Food Insecurity Are Associated with Social Capital: A Large-Scale Population-Based Study in Tehran. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:5410611. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5410611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. There are limited studies on food security, physical activity, and social capital in the Iranian population. This study aimed to evaluate the social capital’s associations with physical inactivity and food insecurity in a large-scale study in Iran, Urban HEART-2. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 districts of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Residents of Tehran who were 15 years or older were selected by a multi-stage, stratified, and random sampling method. Food insecurity and physical activity were evaluated using Household Food Security Scale and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively, and their associations with social capital were evaluated. Results. A total of 5030 individuals were included in this study, with 3139 (62.4%) males. The mean age of participants was 44.08 years (SD = 16.33, range = 15–90). Participation in social events (OR = 0.893, 95% CI = 0.819–0.974,
= 0.011), social network (OR = 0.849, 95% CI = 0.786,
< 0.001), and voluntary activities (OR = 0.865, 95% CI = 0.812–0.921,
< 0.001) were all negatively associated with food insecurity. Also, voluntary activities (OR = 0.823, 95% CI = 0.776–0.872,
< 0.001) and participation in the associations activities (OR = 0.665, 95% CI = 0.582–0.759,
< 0.001) were negatively associated with physical inactivity. Conclusion. The prevalence of food insecurity and physical inactivity is relatively high among Tehran residents. As a factor affecting the physical activity and food security, social capital can be targeted in interventions to improve physical activity and food security among Iranians.
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Christofoletti M, Streit IA, Garcia LMT, Mendonça G, Benedetti TRB, Papini CB, Borges LJ, Binotto MA, Silva-Júnior FLE. Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
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Christofoletti M, Streit IA, Garcia LMT, Mendonça G, Benedetti TRB, Papini CB, Borges LJ, Binotto MA, Silva-Júnior FLE. Barriers and facilitators for physical activity domains in Brazil: a systematic review. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:3487-3502. [PMID: 36000639 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Christofoletti
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Inês Amanda Streit
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia. Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Manaus AM Brasil
| | | | - Gerfeson Mendonça
- Instituto de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Curso de Educação Física, Centro Universitário CESMAC. Maceió AL Brasil
| | - Tânia Rosane Bertoldo Benedetti
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Universitário, Trindade. 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brasil.
| | - Camila Bosquiero Papini
- Departamento de Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Uberaba MG Brasil
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Lee H, Vitiello D. Five-Year Trend in Adherence Rate to Aerobic Physical Activity Guidelines among Korean Adults in Metropolitan Cities: 2016-2020 Korea Community Health Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159226. [PMID: 35954591 PMCID: PMC9368259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the five-year (2016−2020) trend in physical activity adherence rate (PAR)—before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic—and its association with socioeconomic status and community environment among Korean adults. Data were analyzed from the Korea Community Health Survey 2016−2020 concerning adults (19−65 years old) living in seven metropolitan municipalities of South Korea (N = 190,761). The independent variables were socioeconomic status (household income and educational attainment) and community environment (density of physical activity facilities and social cohesion), and the dependent variable was the PAR, as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, a recall-based subjective survey. Multilevel logistic regression models with age, sex, and body mass index as covariates were applied. The results showed that the PAR increased from 37.26% (2016) to 40.84% (2019), during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic, but it sharply decreased to 31.59% (2020) during the COVID-19 confinement (trend p < 0.001); PAR disparities were observed following socioeconomic status, as indicated by household income (trend p < 0.001) and educational attainment (trend p < 0.001). Furthermore, significant moderation effects were observed from socioeconomic status and community environment, but the direction of the effects varied by indicator and COVID-19-related confinement period. Lower educational attainment and higher income were associated with a greater decrease in PAR during the pandemic. This study shows that PAR substantively decreased in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it had shown a steady increase through 2019. In addition, PAR disparities by socioeconomic status were found, and socioeconomic status and community environment had distinct influences on PAR trends, depending on their indicators and pre- and post-pandemic periods. Lower educational attainment is associated with greater decreases in PAR during the pandemic, suggesting the necessity for a public campaign to maintain a physically active lifestyle during such social disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lee
- Department of Sport and Health Promotion, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Damien Vitiello
- Institut des Sciences du Sport-Santé de Paris (I3SP-URP3625), Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
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Ihara S, Ide K, Kanamori S, Tsuji T, Kondo K, Iizuka G. Social participation and change in walking time among older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study from the JAGES. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:238. [PMID: 35317737 PMCID: PMC8941795 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all physical activities, walking is one of the easiest and most economical activities for older adults' mental and physical health. Although promoting social participation may extend the walking time of older adults, the longitudinal relationship is not well understood. Thus, this study elucidates the relationship between nine types of social participation and change in walking time during a 3-year follow-up of older adults. METHODS We conducted a 3-year community-based longitudinal study of independent older adults in Japan. From the 2016 and 2019 surveys, we extracted 57,042 individuals. We performed multiple regression analyses, estimating associations between change in walking time after three years and nine types of social participation in 2016: volunteer, sports, hobby, senior, neighborhood, learning, health, skills, and paid work. We conducted subgroup analysis stratified by walking time in 2016 (i.e., < 60 or ≥ 60 min/day). RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) change in walking time for 3 years was - 4.04 (29.4) min/day. After adjusting potential confounders, the significant predictors of increasing or maintaining walking time (min/day) were participation in paid work (+ 3.02) in the < 60 min/day subgroup; and volunteer (+ 2.15), sports (+ 2.89), hobby (+ 1.71), senior (+ 1.27), neighborhood (+ 1.70), learning (+ 1.65), health (+ 1.74), and skills (+ 1.95) in the ≥ 60 min/day subgroup compared with non-participants. CONCLUSIONS Paid work and community activities may be effective for maintaining or increasing walking time among older adults with less (< 60 min/day) and sufficient (≥ 60 min/day) walking time, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiichi Ihara
- Medical School, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Ide
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoru Kanamori
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gemmei Iizuka
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Oberndorfer M, Dorner TE, Leyland AH, Grabovac I, Schober T, Šramek L, Bilger M. The challenges of measuring social cohesion in public health research: A systematic review and ecometric meta-analysis. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101028. [PMID: 35111897 PMCID: PMC8790679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between social cohesion and health has been studied for decades. Yet, due to the contextual nature of this concept, measuring social cohesion remains challenging. Using a meta-analytical framework, this review's goal was to study the ecometric measurement properties of social cohesion in order to describe dissimilarities in its measurement as well as bring a new perspective on the empirical usefulness of the concept itself. To this end, we analysed if, and to what extent, contextual-level reliability and intersubjective agreement of 78 social cohesion measurements varied under different measurement conditions like measurement instrument, spatial unit, ecometric model specification, or region. We found consistent evidence for the contextual nature of social cohesion, however, most variation existed between individuals, not contexts. While contextual dependence in response behaviour was fairly insensitive to item choices, population size within chosen spatial units of social cohesion measurements mattered. Somewhat counterintuitively, using spatial units with, on average, fewer residents did not yield systematically superior ecometric properties. Instead, our results underline that precise theory about the relevant contextual units of causal relationships between social cohesion and health is vital and cannot be replaced by empirical analysis. Although adjustment for respondent's characteristics had only small effects on ecometric properties, potential pitfalls of this analytic strategy are discussed in this paper. Finally, acknowledging the sensitivity of measuring social cohesion, we derived recommendations for future studies investigating the effects of contextual-level social characteristics on health. Social cohesion aims to describe aspects of the social environment we live in but its measurement remains challenging. We meta-analysed the ecometric properties of 78 social cohesion measurements. There is modest but consistent evidence for the contextual nature of social cohesion. Contextual dependence in individual response behaviour is sensitive to the chosen spatial unit. Meta-ecometrics studies the empirical usefulness of theoretical concepts aiming to describe social environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Oberndorfer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Corresponding author. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Centre for Public Health Medical University of Vienna Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas E. Dorner
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, BVAEB-Health Promotion Facility Resilienzpark Sitzenberg, Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Alastair H. Leyland
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schober
- School of Government and Public Policy, Department of Politics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lukas Šramek
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology & Surveillance, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, AGES, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcel Bilger
- Health Economics and Policy, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
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Rodrigues DE, César CC, Xavier CC, Caiaffa WT, Proietti FA. Exploring neighborhood socioeconomic disparity in self-rated health: a multiple mediation analysis. Prev Med 2021; 145:106443. [PMID: 33516758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is still a need for more empirical investigations to better understand the causal pathways by which neighborhood socioeconomic contexts translate into states of health. This study explored the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic position and health, as well as the role of social cohesion, violence, places to buy healthy food, and sports and leisure spaces in mediating this relationship in a diverse set of neighborhoods in Brazil. We applied a general multiple mediation approach to analyze a cross-sectional survey of 4.046 adults living in 149 neighborhoods in 2008 and 2009. The property value was chosen as an indicator of neighborhood socioeconomic position and self-rated health as the outcome. The four mediators were constructed from the self-perception of the participants. Results: We found that people living in economically advantaged neighborhoods were less likely to report their health as being fair/poor/very poor (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.63, 0.76) than people living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, and this effect was mediated by the perception of violence in the neighborhoods. On average, 8.4% of the neighborhood socioeconomic disparity in self-rated health may be explained by violence. We did not ascertain as mediators social cohesion, places to buy healthy food, and sports and leisure spaces. Violence perception mediates the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic position and self-rated health. Targeted interventions designed to improve the health status of the population could usefully focus on reducing the level of violence in which people live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Elias Rodrigues
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Geographic Distribution of the Ciclovia and Recreovia Programs by Neighborhood SES in Bogotá: How Unequal is the Geographic Access Assessed Via Distance-based Measures? J Urban Health 2021; 98:101-110. [PMID: 33236318 PMCID: PMC7873177 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00496-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ciclovia, also known as Open Streets initiatives in other countries, are city streets that are closed to motorized traffic and opened during certain times to residents for engaging in physical activity (PA). These initiatives are viewed by policy makers and health and community advocates as being beneficial to social, environmental, and community health. This study explores the geographic distribution of Ciclovia and Recreovia and the differences in geographic access assessed via distance-based measures, based on the socioeconomic status (SES) of the area. Results from this study show that the median distance to the Ciclovia according to SES ranges from 2930 m for SES 1 (most disadvantaged) to 482 m for SES 6 (wealthiest). The median distance to the Recreovia sites ranges from 5173 m for SES 1 to 3869 m for SES 6. This study found revealing urban inequities in the distribution of Ciclovia, whereas there was less inequalities within the Recreovia sites. This study shows that urban interventions are needed to promote recreational activity and reduce health disparities in under resourced, low SES areas.
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Vaz C, Andrade AC, Silva U, Rodríguez D, Wang X, Moore K, Friche AA, Diez-Roux AV, Caiaffa WT. Physical Disorders and Poor Self-Rated Health in Adults Living in Four Latin American Cities: A Multilevel Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238956. [PMID: 33276424 PMCID: PMC7730272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering that urban environments may affect self-rated health through behavioral and psychosocial mechanisms, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between self-rated health and perceived urban environment characteristics among adults living in four Latin American cities. Data is from a population-based survey by Development Bank of Latin America, encompassing adults between 20 and 60 years old in Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City, and Panama City. Self-rated health was measured using a single question and the response options were categorized as poor and good. The explanatory variables were empirical Bayes estimates of self-reported area physical disorder, social disorder, access to services, and access to leisure spaces derived from the survey. The covariates were: individual age, sex, education, wealth index, and length of residency in the neighborhood; and an area social environment index. Multilevel logistic regressions with two levels (individual and sub-city areas) were fitted. Poor self-rated health was reported by 34.73% (95% CI: 33.17 to 36.29) of the participants and was associated with physical disorder (OR = 1.16 per SD; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32). Our findings suggest that public policies to promote population health should consider area urban environment factors, especially those associated with disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vaz
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua São Paulo 745, Governador Valadares 35010-180, Brazil
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (U.S.); (A.A.F.); (W.T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(31)99701-5146
| | - Amanda Cristina Andrade
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (U.S.); (A.A.F.); (W.T.C.)
- Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Uriel Silva
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (U.S.); (A.A.F.); (W.T.C.)
| | - Daniel Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning and Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, 228 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Xize Wang
- Department of Real State, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore;
| | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.M.); (A.V.D.-R.)
| | - Amélia Augusta Friche
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (U.S.); (A.A.F.); (W.T.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Ana Victoria Diez-Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (K.M.); (A.V.D.-R.)
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Belo Horizonte Observatory for Urban Health, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (U.S.); (A.A.F.); (W.T.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil
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