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Aguiar TFM, Rivas MP, de Andrade Silva EM, Pires SF, Dangoni GD, Macedo TC, Defelicibus A, Barros BDDF, Novak E, Cristofani LM, Odone V, Cypriano M, de Toledo SRC, da Cunha IW, da Costa CML, Carraro DM, Tojal I, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Krepischi ACV. First Transcriptome Analysis of Hepatoblastoma in Brazil: Unraveling the Pivotal Role of Noncoding RNAs and Metabolic Pathways. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10764-y. [PMID: 38649558 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma stands as the most prevalent liver cancer in the pediatric population. Characterized by a low mutational burden, chromosomal and epigenetic alterations are key drivers of its tumorigenesis. Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool for unraveling the molecular intricacies of hepatoblastoma, shedding light on the effects of genetic and epigenetic changes on gene expression. In this study conducted in Brazilian patients, an in-depth whole transcriptome analysis was performed on 14 primary hepatoblastomas, compared to control liver tissues. The analysis unveiled 1,492 differentially expressed genes (1,031 upregulated and 461 downregulated), including 920 protein-coding genes (62%). Upregulated biological processes were linked to cell differentiation, signaling, morphogenesis, and development, involving known hepatoblastoma-associated genes (DLK1, MEG3, HDAC2, TET1, HMGA2, DKK1, DKK4), alongside with novel findings (GYNG4, CDH3, and TNFRSF19). Downregulated processes predominantly centered around oxidation and metabolism, affecting amines, nicotinamides, and lipids, featuring novel discoveries like the repression of SYT7, TTC36, THRSP, CCND1, GCK and CAMK2B. Two genes, which displayed a concordant pattern of DNA methylation alteration in their promoter regions and dysregulation in the transcriptome, were further validated by RT-qPCR: the upregulated TNFRSF19, a key gene in the embryonic development, and the repressed THRSP, connected to lipid metabolism. Furthermore, based on protein-protein interaction analysis, we identified genes holding central positions in the network, such as HDAC2, CCND1, GCK, and CAMK2B, among others, that emerged as prime candidates warranting functional validation in future studies. Notably, a significant dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), predominantly upregulated transcripts, was observed, with 42% of the top 50 highly expressed genes being ncRNAs. An integrative miRNA-mRNA analysis revealed crucial biological processes associated with metabolism, oxidation reactions of lipids and carbohydrates, and methylation-dependent chromatin silencing. In particular, four upregulated miRNAs (miR-186, miR-214, miR-377, and miR-494) played a pivotal role in the network, potentially targeting multiple protein-coding transcripts, including CCND1 and CAMK2B. In summary, our transcriptome analysis highlighted disrupted embryonic development as well as metabolic pathways, particularly those involving lipids, emphasizing the emerging role of ncRNAs as epigenetic regulators in hepatoblastomas. These findings provide insights into the complexity of the hepatoblastoma transcriptome and identify potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Ferreira Marques Aguiar
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Prates Rivas
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Mario de Andrade Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sara Ferreira Pires
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dib Dangoni
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiany Curdulino Macedo
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Estela Novak
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Maria Cristofani
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Odone
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Cypriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Child With Cancer Support Group (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Child With Cancer Support Group (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Israel Tojal
- International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Guo Z, Xie Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Jiang W. A novel disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs signature for predicting survival and immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:267-284. [PMID: 38180745 PMCID: PMC10817373 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of intracellular disulfides induces a novel and unique form of metabolic-related cell death known as disulfidptosis. A previous study revealed the prognostic value of a risk model of disulfidptosis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, to date, no studies have investigated the relationship between disulfidptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (DRLs) and HCC. In this study, we collected and analyzed RNA sequencing data from 370 HCC samples to explore the DRLs in the tumorigenesis and development of HCC. By employing Lasso Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we identified five prognostic DRLs, which were used to construct a prognostic signature. The signature was subsequently validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analyses, nomograms, and calibration curves. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed, revealing that the DRLs signature was associated with HCC and several cancer-related pathways. Furthermore, the DRLs signature showed correlations with the infiltration of M0 and M1 macrophages, immune-related functions, and multiple immune checkpoints, including PDCD1, LAG3, CTLA4, TIGIT, CD47, and others. Analysis using the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) approach demonstrated that the DRLs signature could predict the response to immunotherapy. Finally, we screened potential chemotherapy drugs that could sensitize HCC. In conclusion, our novel DRLs signature provides valuable insights into predicting patient survival and immunotherapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoubo Guo
- The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaichen Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Organ Transplantation, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin, China
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3
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Du J, Su Y, Gao J, Tai Y. The expression and function of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. CANCER INNOVATION 2023; 2:488-499. [PMID: 38125766 PMCID: PMC10730004 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With the deepening of the genome project study, attention on noncoding RNAs is increasing. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become a new research hotspot. A growing number of studies have revealed that lncRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor suppressor pathways. Aberrant expressions of lncRNAs have been found in a variety of human tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we provide a brief introduction to lncRNA and highlight recent research on the functions and clinical significance of lncRNAs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Du
- Senior Department of TuberculosisThe 8th Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yue Su
- Senior Department of TuberculosisThe 8th Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jianzhi Gao
- Department of OncologyZhuozhou Hospital, ZhuozhouHebeiChina
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of PathologyThe 5th Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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The HBV Specially-Related Long Noncoding RNA HBV-SRL Involved in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9034105. [PMID: 35847364 PMCID: PMC9286890 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9034105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major risk factors for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) occurrence with a diverse role in the pathogenesis of HCC. More works need to be performed to elucidate a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms involving in HBV-induced HCC, although some mechanisms such as genome integration have been reported. In the present study, aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were identified between HCC tumor tissues with or without HBV infection. Among these molecules, HBV specially-related long noncoding RNA (HBV-SRL) was further found to correlate with poor prognosis and a shorter overall survival time in HCC patients with HBV infection. Additionally, HBV-SRL was found function as oncogene by upregulating the NF-κB2 expression. These data suggest that HBV infection altered gene expression pattern in liver cells which contributed to HBV-related HCC development, and HBV-SRL may serve as a new molecular marker or potential therapeutic target of HBV-related HCC.
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Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Long noncoding RNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and oncogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2823-2842. [PMID: 35978877 PMCID: PMC9280728 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diverse long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and oncogenesis, especially those dysregulated in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of these dysregulated lncRNAs are modulated by the HBV X protein. The regulatory mechanisms of some lncRNAs in HBV replication and oncogenesis have been characterized. Genetic polymorphisms of several lncRNAs affecting HBV replication or oncogenesis have also been studied. The prognosis of HCC remains poor. It is important to identify novel tumor markers for early diagnosis and find more therapeutic targets for effective treatments of HCC. Some dysregulated lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC may become biomarkers for early diagnosis and/or the therapeutic targets of HCC. This mini-review summarizes these findings briefly, focusing on recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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Liu J, Chen L, Pan J, Chen M, Zhou J, Zhou F, Chen P, Song Y. Comprehensive analysis of key lncRNAs in HCV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:142-151. [PMID: 33488867 PMCID: PMC7811325 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite the therapeutic advances in HCC in the past few decades, the mortality rate of HCC is still high. Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is one of the major etiological risk factors of HCCs. However, the underlying mechanisms of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our study represented the comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs in HCV-positive HCC for the first time by analyzing the public dataset GSE17856. Co-expression network and gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed the functions of those differentially expressed lncRNAs. RESULTS We identified 256 upregulated lncRNAs and 198 downregulated lncRNAs in HCV- positive HCC compared to the normal liver tissues. Co-expression network and GO analysis showed that these lncRNAs were involved in regulating metabolism, energy pathways, proliferation and the immune response. Seven lncRNAs (LOC341056, CCT6P1, PTTG3P, LOC643387, LOC100133920, C3P1 and C22orf45) were identified as key lncRNAs and co-expressed with more than 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HCV-related HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher expression levels of LOC643387, PTTG3P, LOC341056, CCT6P1 and lower expression levels of C3P1 and C22orf45 were associated with shorter survival time in the TCGA dataset. CONCLUSIONS We believe that this study can provide novel potential therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for HCV-positive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinshui Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Meiya Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jingping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peizhong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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7
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Li C, Yang J, Liu C, Wang X, Zhang L. Long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Ordering of the complicated lncRNA regulatory network and novel strategies for HCC clinical diagnosis and treatment. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang J, Wang X, Chen H, Liu L, Liu S. Long non‑coding RNAs in HBV‑related hepatocellular carcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 56:18-32. [PMID: 31746420 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem that accounts for more than half of total liver cancer cases in developing countries. Despite the growing number of researches conducted, the molecular mechanism underlying the development of HCC remains elusive. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are non‑coding RNAs >200 nt in length that were previously considered to be transcriptional noise, have been found to be dysregulated in HBV‑related HCC with the help of high‑throughput omics techniques. Subsequent investigations revealed that aberrant expression of lncRNAs may affect the risk of HBV‑related HCC through diverse mechanisms, including epigenetic silencing of transcriptional activation, alternative splicing, molecular sponging, modulating protein stability, and by serving as precursors of miRNAs. Although the sensitivity and specificity of lncRNAs must be further validated, a number of circulating lncRNAs have been identified as useful biomarkers for HBV‑related HCC. In addition to these findings, recent studies also unveiled that certain genetic polymorphisms in lncRNAs may affect the occurrence and prognosis of HBV‑related HCC. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the involvement of lncRNAs in HBV‑related HCC. Subsequently, lncRNAs found to be dysregulated in HBV‑related HCC were focused on and current findings on circulating lncRNAs and their genetic polymorphisms were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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Li D, Tang X, Li M, Zheng Y. Long noncoding RNA DLX6-AS1 promotes liver cancer by increasing the expression of WEE1 via targeting miR-424-5p. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12290-12299. [PMID: 30805988 PMCID: PMC6712946 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) played an important role in tumorigenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we first demonstrated that lncRNA DLX6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6‐AS1) was upregulated in cancer tissues and cells lines compared with normal adjacent and cell line. Knock‐down DLX6‐AS1 by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that cells transfected with siRNA were arrested in G0/G1 phase. Then, we performed dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay to show that DLX6‐AS1 could bind with miR‐424‐5p. And cotransfection inhibitor of miR‐424‐5p with siRNA of DLX6‐AS1 could abolish the inhibitory effect of siRNA of DLX6‐AS1 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we further demonstrated that the oncogene WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) was the target of miR‐424‐5p and expression levels of WEE1 were positive correlation with that of DLX6‐AS1. Taken together, these results suggested that upregulated DLX6‐AS1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC through increasing expression of WEE1 via targeting miR‐424‐5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianbin Tang
- Department of Pathology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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The Interaction of lncRNA-HEIH and lncRNA-HULC with HBXIP in Hepatitis B Patients. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:9187316. [PMID: 30622563 PMCID: PMC6304880 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9187316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of hepatic cirrhosis (HC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are associated with very high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Many studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are highly expressed in HCC (lncRNA-HEIH) and highly upregulated in liver cancer (lncRNA-HULC) have been implicated in the development and progression of hepatitis B-related HC and HCC. In this study, reverse transcription and quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of lncRNA-HEIH and lncRNA-HULC and western blot analysis to detect the expression of hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP). RNA immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction of HBXIP with lncRNA-HULC and lncRNA-HEIH. The results showed that lncRNA-HEIH, lncRNA-HULC, and HBXIP were upregulated in hepatitis B patients, particularly those with hepatitis B-related HCC. Both lncRNA-HEIH and lncRNA-HULC interacted with HBXIP. These results suggest that lncRNA-HEIH and lncRNA-HULC interact with HBXIP in hepatitis B-related diseases.
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11
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Zhang J, Li Z, Liu L, Wang Q, Li S, Chen D, Hu Z, Yu T, Ding J, Li J, Yao M, Huang S, Zhao Y, He X. Long noncoding RNA TSLNC8 is a tumor suppressor that inactivates the interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Hepatology 2018; 67:171-187. [PMID: 28746790 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Long noncoding RNAs can serve as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer; however, their biological functions and underlying mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we report a novel tumor suppressor long noncoding RNA on chromosome 8p12 (termed TSLNC8) that is frequently deleted and down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. The loss of TSLNC8 is highly associated with the malignant features of HCC and serves as a prognostic indicator for HCC patients. TSLNC8 significantly suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. TSLNC8 exerts its tumor suppressive activity by competitively interacting with transketolase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and modulating the STAT3-Tyr705 and STAT3-Ser727 phosphorylation levels and STAT3 transcriptional activity, thus resulting in inactivation of the interleukin-6-STAT3 signaling pathway in HCC cells. CONCLUSION TSLNC8 is a promising prognostic predictor for patients with HCC, and the TSLNC8-transketolase-STAT3 axis is a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment. (Hepatology 2018;67:171-187).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longzi Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Wang XJ, Jiang SC, Wei HX, Deng SQ, He C, Peng HJ. The Differential Expression and Possible Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Liver Cells Infected by Dengue Virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1904-1912. [PMID: 29016307 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in liver injury resulted by dengue virus (DENV) infection have not yet been explored. The differential expression profiles of lncRNAs (as well as mRNAs) in the L-02 liver cells infected by DENV1, DENV2, or uninfected were compared and analyzed after a high throughput RNA seq. The significantly up-regulated and down-regulated lncRNAs (or mRNAs) resulted by DENV infection were identified with a cutoff value at log2 (ratio) ≥ 1.5 and log2 (ratio) ≤ -1.5 (ratio = the reads of the lncRNAs or mRNAs from the infection groups divided by the reads from the control group). Several differentially expressed lncRNAs were verified with reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Target gene analysis, pre-miRNA prediction, and the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network construction were performed to predict the function of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with biosynthesis, DNA/RNA related processes, inhibition of estrogen signaling pathway, sterol biosynthetic process, protein dimerization activity, vesicular fraction in DENV1 infection group; and with protein secretion, methyltransferase process, host cell cytoskeleton reorganization and the small GTPase Ras superfamily, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis in DENV2 infection. LncRNAs might be novel diagnostic markers and targets for further researches on dengue infection and liver injury resulted by dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Chen Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Qun Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Expression Profiling of Cellular MicroRNA in Asymptomatic HBsAg Carriers and Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6484835. [PMID: 28913356 PMCID: PMC5587942 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6484835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as potential molecular markers to predict liver injury resulting from chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the present study, we want to study the expression profile and clinical significance of miRNAs at different stages of CHB virus infection. Methods Using miRNA microarray, we investigated the global expression profiles of cellular miRNA in asymptomatic hepatitis B antigen carriers (ASCs) and CHB patients, compared with healthy controls (HCs). Results We identified 79 and 203 differentially expressed miRNAs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ASCs and CHB patients compared to HCs, respectively. Some of these miRNAs were common to ASCs and CHB patients, but another set of miRNAs that showed differential expression between ASCs and CHB patients was also identified. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the target genes of the identified miRNAs played a role in important biological functions, such as learning or memory, cell-cell adherens junction, ion channel inhibitor activity, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and p53 signaling pathway. Conclusion We identified some significant differentially expressed miRNA in different phases of HBV infection, which might serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in the future.
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Differential expression of genes in HepG2 cells caused by UC001kfo RNAi as shown by RNA-seq. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:510-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Transcriptomic profiling of long non-coding RNAs in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65421-65434. [PMID: 29029442 PMCID: PMC5630342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few studies have focus on the dyregulation and the role of lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC. We performed a comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs expression profile in HBV-related HCC tissues samples using deep sequencing. We revealed that a total of 1242 lncRNA transcripts (983 up-regulated and 259 down-regulated) and 1841 mRNA transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in HBV-related HCC patients. Pathway and gene ontology analysis showed that they are involved in the biological process related to HCC development by cis-regulation of co-expressed protein-coding genes. 10 candidate lncRNAs were selected and validated with quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Furthermore, we found that one of most down-regulated lncRNAs, n346077, could suppress HCC cells invasion and migration in vitro. Our findings provide an overview of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC and will be useful for further functional studies of lncRNAs in HBV-related pathogenesis.
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Long non-coding RNA SNHG1 regulates zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 expression by interacting with TAp63 and promotes cell metastasis and invasion in Lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:650-658. [PMID: 28415044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently shown to participate in the progression of a variety of cancers. However, the biological role of lncRNAs and the underlying mechanisms in Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or lung adenocarcinoma (AD) remain unclear. Herein, we investigated expression of 5 lncRNAS (SNHG1, NCBP2-AS2, LINC01206, SOX2-OT and LINC01419) in SCC and AD tissues. SNHG1 was one of over-expressed lncRNAs in SCC tissues. Knockdown of SNHG1 significantly inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, invasive ability and induced apoptosis of SCC cells. Moreover, SNHG1 affected the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1(ZEB1), which has also been observed to be up-regulated in SCC and to promote cell metastasis and invasion. Rather than direct interaction, SNHG1 regulated ZEB1expression by suppressing the activity of p63 TA isoform (TAp63), which is a repressor of ZEB1 and physically associates with SNHG1. Furthermore, SNHG1 promoted ZEB1 expression and promoted cell proliferation, metastasis, invasive but inhibited apoptosis of SCC cells via the TAp63/ZEB1 pathway. Taken together, our findings suggested that SNHG1 might play an oncogenic role in SCC through ZEB1 signaling pathway by inhibiting TAp63 and might serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for SCC patients.
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Pan Y, Qin T, Yin S, Zhang X, Gao X, Mu L. Long non-coding RNA UC001kfo promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by targeting α-SMA. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:669-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Etebari K, Asad S, Zhang G, Asgari S. Identification of Aedes aegypti Long Intergenic Non-coding RNAs and Their Association with Wolbachia and Dengue Virus Infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005069. [PMID: 27760142 PMCID: PMC5070814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are appearing as an important class of regulatory RNAs with a variety of biological functions. The aim of this study was to identify the lincRNA profile in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti and evaluate their potential role in host-pathogen interaction. The majority of previous RNA-Seq transcriptome studies in Ae. aegypti have focused on the expression pattern of annotated protein coding genes under different biological conditions. Here, we used 35 publically available RNA-Seq datasets with relatively high depth to screen the Ae. aegypti genome for lincRNA discovery. This led to the identification of 3,482 putative lincRNAs. These lincRNA genes displayed a slightly lower GC content and shorter transcript lengths compared to protein-encoding genes. Ae. aegypti lincRNAs also demonstrate low evolutionary sequence conservation even among closely related species such as Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae. We examined their expression in dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Wolbachia infected and non-infected adult mosquitoes and Aa20 cells. The results revealed that DENV-2 infection increased the abundance of a number of host lincRNAs, from which some suppress viral replication in mosquito cells. RNAi-mediated silencing of lincRNA_1317 led to enhancement in viral replication, which possibly indicates its potential involvement in the host anti-viral defense. A number of lincRNAs were also differentially expressed in Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes. The results will facilitate future studies to unravel the function of lncRNAs in insects and may prove to be beneficial in developing new ways to control vectors or inhibit replication of viruses in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Etebari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sultan Asad
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Guangmei Zhang
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Zeng DW, Zhang JM, Liu YR, Dong J, Jiang JJ, Zhu YY. A Retrospective Study on the Significance of Liver Biopsy and Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2503. [PMID: 26937895 PMCID: PMC4778991 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate changes in the HBV replication level along with the natural course of chronic HBV infection and to examine the accuracy of the immune tolerant phase defined by the serological profile.A total of 390 chronic HBV-infected patients were retrospectively recruited for this study. They were classified into immune-tolerance (IT), immune-clearance (IC), low-replicative (LR), and HBeAg-negative hepatitis (ENH) phases according to serological profiles (single-standard, SS) or dual-standard (DS) with the inclusion of liver histology. Serum HBV DNA and HBsAg were quantitatively measured, and liver histology was quantitatively analyzed.The accuracy of the SS-defined IT phase was low, and active pathological changes were detected in 56 of 112 SS-defined IT patients. DS-defined IT patients had higher HBsAg levels (P = 0.0002) than the SS-defined patients. The quantitative HBsAg level can help identify SS-defined IT patients with potential liver injury. The area under the received operating characteristic curve for predicting the DS-defined IT phase was 0.831 (HBsAg 4.398 log IU/mL; sensitivity 87.5%; specificity 73.2%). HBV DNA was reduced by 4 logs, whereas HBsAg was only decreased by 2 logs with HBeAg positive to negative phase conversion.Approximately half of IT patients defined by SS may have medium or severe liver injury. Quantitative measurement of the HBsAg level can help identify SS-defined IT patients with potential liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wu Zeng
- From Liver Center (D-WZ, Y-RL, JD, J-JJ, Y-YZ); and Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, Fujian, China (J-MZ)
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Moyo B, Nicholson SA, Arbuthnot PB. The role of long non-coding RNAs in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Virus Res 2016; 212:103-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Identification of differentially expressed signatures of long non-coding RNAs associated with different metastatic potentials in gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:119-29. [PMID: 26045391 PMCID: PMC4742487 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is known for its lymph node metastasis and outstanding morbidity and mortality. Thus, improvement in the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of GC is urgently needed to discover novel biomarkers involved in its progression and prognosis. Several long, non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in gastric tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, the signature of lncRNA-associated metastasis in GC is not fully clarified. METHODS We determined the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles correlating to GC with or without lymph node-metastasis based on microarray analysis. Twelve differentially expressed lncRNAs and six differentially expressed mRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. RESULTS The relationships between the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs XLOC_010235 or RP11-789C1.1 and lymph node metastasis, pathologic metastasis status, distal metastasis and TNM (tumour, node, and metastasis) stage were found to be significantly different. Via survival analysis, patients who had high-expressed XLOC_010235 or low-expressed RP11-789C1.1 showed significantly worse survival than patients with inverse-expressed XLOC_010235 or RP11-789C1.1. CONCLUSION In summary, this current study highlights some evidence regarding the potential role of lncRNAs in GC and posits that specific lncRNAs can be identified as novel, poor prognostic biomarkers in GC.
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Conigliaro A, Costa V, Lo Dico A, Saieva L, Buccheri S, Dieli F, Manno M, Raccosta S, Mancone C, Tripodi M, De Leo G, Alessandro R. CD90+ liver cancer cells modulate endothelial cell phenotype through the release of exosomes containing H19 lncRNA. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:155. [PMID: 26272696 PMCID: PMC4536801 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD90+ liver cancer cells have been described as cancer stem-cell-like (CSC), displaying aggressive and metastatic phenotype. Using two different in vitro models, already described as CD90+ liver cancer stem cells, our aim was to study their interaction with endothelial cells mediated by the release of exosomes. Methods Exosomes were isolated and characterized from both liver CD90+ cells and hepatoma cell lines. Endothelial cells were treated with exosomes, as well as transfected with a plasmid containing the full length sequence of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19. Molecular and functional analyses were done to characterize the endothelial phenotype after treatments. Results Exosomes released by CD90+ cancer cells, but not by parental hepatoma cells, modulated endothelial cells, promoting angiogenic phenotype and cell-to-cell adhesion. LncRNA profiling revealed that CD90+ cells were enriched in lncRNA H19, and released this through exosomes. Experiments of gain and loss of function of H19 showed that this LncRNA plays an important role in the exosome-mediated phenotype of endothelial cells. Conclusions Our data indicate a new exosome-mediated mechanism by which CSC-like CD90+ cells could influence their tumor microenvironment by promoting angiogenesis. Moreover, we suggest the lncRNA H19 as a putative therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0426-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Conigliaro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, c/o Policlinico Umberto I, V Clinica Medica Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 324-00161, Italy.
| | - Viviana Costa
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Buccheri
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy.,Servizio di Diabetologia, Dipartimento per la cura e lo studio della patologie addominali e dei trapianti addominali, ISMETT IRCCS, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Manno
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmine Mancone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, c/o Policlinico Umberto I, V Clinica Medica Viale Regina Elena, Rome, 324-00161, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Leo
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Via Divisi 83-90133, Palermo, Italy. .,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy.
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Liu LX, Wu LF. Research progress in long non-coding RNAs and liver diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1211-1217. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i8.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nt without protein coding capacity. LncRNAs regulate gene expression at epigenetic transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and they are deeply involved in biological and pathological changes. Recently, more and more evidence has shown that the altered expression of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis is important for the development, progression and prognosis of hepatic diseases. This review focuses on the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases.
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Yang QQ, Deng YF. Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNA in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma by microarray. Histopathology 2015; 66:1022-30. [PMID: 25406670 DOI: 10.1111/his.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alterations in the expression of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the effect of lncRNA expression on primary NPC as well as the molecular mechanism of lncRNA remains vague. This study was to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs involved in NPC on a genome-wide scale and predict their potential functions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using high-throughput microarray with 30,586 lncRNA and 26,109 mRNA probes, 856 lncRNAs and 767 mRNAs were expressed differentially between NPC and chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. Bioinformatic analysis (clustering analysis, gene ontology analysis and pathway analysis) was used for further research. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were subgrouped into three types and differentially expressed mRNAs were clustered into 28 pathways. The first coexpression network analysis revealed that 46 lncRNAs interacting with three mRNAs involved the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verified 11 up- and down-regulated lncRNAs and eight mRNAs in NPC. The second coexpression network analysis showed that 23 significantly aberrantly expressed mRNAs interacted with three validated lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS This study could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs and their potential role in NPC for further study. These differentially expressed lncRNAs may act as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Union School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan-Fei Deng
- Union School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Yang Z, Lu Y, Xu Q, Tang B, Park CK, Chen X. HULC and H19 Played Different Roles in Overall and Disease-Free Survival from Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Hepatectomy: A Preliminary Analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:191029. [PMID: 26136615 PMCID: PMC4475561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/191029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) aggressiveness and survival. METHODS We correlated the lncRNAs in tumor tissues with HCC survival and clinicopathological features based on Gene Expression Omnibus expression profile GSE36376. RESULTS Eight lncRNAs and 240 HCC patients were included. Cox regression analysis indicated that HULC was a positive factor for HCC overall survival (HR = 0.885, 95% CI = 0.797-0.983, and P = 0.023) and disease-free survival time (HR = 0.913, 95% CI = 0.835-0.998, and P = 0.045). H19 and UCA1 were both demonstrated to be risk factors of HCC disease-free survival in multivariate Cox model (HR = 1.071, 95% CI = 1.01-1.137, and P = 0.022 and HR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.092-5.273, and P = 0.029, resp.). But Kaplan-Meier method showed no significant association between UCA1 and HCC disease-free survival (log rank P = 0.616). Logistic regression demonstrated that H19 was overexpressed in HBV-infected patients (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.008-1.29, and P = 0.037). HULC had a significant association with vascular invasion (OR = 0.648, 95% CI = 0.523-0.803, and P < 0.001). H19 and MEG3 were both considered to be risk factors for high AFP level (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.277-1.646, and P < 0.001 and OR = 1.613, 95% CI = 1.1-2.365, and P = 0.014, resp.). CONCLUSIONS Contributing to decreased susceptibility to vascular invasion, upregulation of HULC in tumor tissues was positively associated with HCC survival. In contrast, H19 overexpression might be risk factor for HCC aggressiveness and poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongguo Yang
- 1Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yunfei Lu
- 1Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qingnian Xu
- 1Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Bozong Tang
- 1Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Cheol-Keun Park
- 2Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea
- *Cheol-Keun Park: and
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- 1Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- *Xiaorong Chen:
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Shen C, Zhong N. Long non-coding RNAs: the epigenetic regulators involved in the pathogenesis of reproductive disorder. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:95-108. [PMID: 25220834 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long single-stranded RNAs without translation potential. LncRNAs function in regulating epigenetic and cellular processes through various mechanisms. Nowadays, rapidly growing evidence has shown that abnormally expressed lncRNAs were involved in various inflammation-related states or diseases. Abnormal inflammation responses contribute to reproductive pathology and play vital roles in developing most disorders of the female reproductive system. In this review, we discussed the history of ncRNAs including lncRNAs, methodologies for lncRNA identification, mechanisms of lncRNA expression and regulation and mainly discussed the expression and function of lncRNAs in the female reproductive system with special focus on the inflammation and infection pathway. By analyzing the present available studies of lncRNA transcripts within the reproductive system and the current understanding of the biology of lncRNAs, we have suggested the important diagnostic and therapeutic roles of lncRNAs in the etiology of reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Beijing, China
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Takahashi K, Yan I, Haga H, Patel T. Long noncoding RNA in liver diseases. Hepatology 2014; 60:744-53. [PMID: 24493213 PMCID: PMC4110118 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The identification of the presence of large RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins but that may have biological functions has provided an important new perspective in gene regulation. These long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly recognized to contribute to many biological processes through diverse mechanisms. The roles of these emerging genes are being recognized across kingdoms. These findings are profoundly altering our understanding of disease pathobiology and leading to the emergence of new biological concepts underlying human diseases. Strategies for the discovery and characterization of lncRNAs are highlighted. Several lncRNAs have been described in liver disease, and in liver cancers in particular. Their molecular mechanisms of action, function, and contributions to disease pathophysiology are reviewed. LncRNA genes associated with liver diseases have potential roles as biomarkers of disease diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic response as well as direct targets for therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSION The emerging knowledge in this rapidly advancing field offers promise for new fundamental knowledge and clinical applications that will be relevant for human liver diseases.
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Mohamadkhani A. Long Noncoding RNAs in Interaction With RNA Binding Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e18794. [PMID: 24910706 PMCID: PMC4030262 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.18794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression microarrays' analyses provide a description of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with lack of coding protein function that is often important in human cancer. OBJECTIVES A number of lncRNAs that have been well characterized in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been scheduled in this study to discuss for protein-lncRNA interaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The identified lncRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics tools, starBase and lncRNA db, to anticipate the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that tend to interact to HCC-related lncRNAs. The most important predicted RBPs in interaction with well-known lncRNAs in HCC were briefly discussed. RESULTS The lncRNAs HOTTIP, H19, HOTAIR, MALAT1, antisense Igf2r (AIR), HOXA13, GTL2 (also called MEG3) and uc002mb have been reported in association with HCC. Besides, this study predicted that eIF4AIII, PTB and FUS were the most involved RBPs in interaction with HCC-related lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS This information provides an explanation for the previously valuable literature on the functions of lncRNAs and suggest for the novel therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research institute, Shartati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Liver and Pancreatobiliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research institute, Shartati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave. Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2182415227, Fax: +98-2182415400, E-mail:
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Dong R, Jia D, Xue P, Cui X, Li K, Zheng S, He X, Dong K. Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression in hepatoblastoma tissues. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85599. [PMID: 24465615 PMCID: PMC3894996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in cancer biology. We performed a genome-wide analysis of lncRNA expression in hepatoblastoma tissues to identify novel targets for further study of hepatoblastoma. Hepatoblastoma and normal liver tissue samples were obtained from hepatoblastoma patients. The genome-wide analysis of lncRNA expression in these tissues was performed using a 4×180 K lncRNA microarray and Sureprint G3 Human lncRNA Chips. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm these results. The differential expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified through fold-change filtering. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were performed using the standard enrichment computation method. Associations between lncRNAs and adjacent protein-coding genes were determined through complex transcriptional loci analysis. We found that 2736 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in hepatoblastoma tissues. Among these, 1757 lncRNAs were upregulated more than two-fold relative to normal tissues and 979 lncRNAs were downregulated. Moreover, in hepatoblastoma there were 420 matched lncRNA-mRNA pairs for 120 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 167 differentially expressed mRNAs. The co-expression network analysis predicted 252 network nodes and 420 connections between 120 lncRNAs and 132 coding genes. Within this co-expression network, 369 pairs were positive, and 51 pairs were negative. Lastly, qRT-PCR data verified six upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs in hepatoblastoma, plus endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) mRNA. Our results demonstrated that expression of these aberrant lncRNAs could respond to hepatoblastoma development. Further study of these lncRNAs could provide useful insight into hepatoblastoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Deshui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximao Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and The Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Huang JL, Zheng L, Hu YW, Wang Q. Characteristics of long non-coding RNA and its relation to hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:507-14. [PMID: 24296588 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with high prevalence and lethality. However, the underlying mechanism for HCC has not been entirely elucidated. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in carcinogenesis, and it is suggested that they might play critical roles in HCC progression. Here, we will briefly introduce the biology of lncRNAs, emphasizing the mechanisms and emerging roles of HCC-related lncRNAs. To date, HCC-related lncRNAs are demonstrated to influence the life cycle of genes by various means including epigenetic silencing, splicing regulation, lncRNA-miRNA interaction, lncRNA-protein interaction and genetic variation. Moreover, they can participate in diverse biological processes involved in HCC progression through impacts upon cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis and angiogenesis. Since lncRNA can present in body fluid and have good specificity and accessibility, some HCC-related lncRNAs are suggested to be useful as novel potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy. Those HCC-related lncRNAs may provide potential novel therapeutic targets for HCC and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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He Y, Meng XM, Huang C, Wu BM, Zhang L, Lv XW, Li J. Long noncoding RNAs: Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:20-27. [PMID: 24183851 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is anticipated that more efforts should be made to clarify the lncRNAs world. Moreover, accumulating studies have demonstrated that a class of lncRNAs are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis or diagnosis. In this review, we will briefly discuss the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs in HCC, therefore evaluating the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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