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Guo S, Yan T, Shi L, Liu A, Zhang T, Xu Y, Jiang W, Yang Q, Yang L, Liu L, Zhao R, Zhang S. Matrine, as a CaSR agonist promotes intestinal GLP-1 secretion and improves insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153507. [PMID: 33636577 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrine (Mat), a bitter tastes compounds of derived from leguminosae such as Sophora flavescens and S. subprostrata, commonly used to improve obesity and diabetes. PURPOSE Our study to demonstrate bitter substances can stimulate the Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) or Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 to promote blood glucose regulation. METHODS The diabetic mice and intestinal secretory cell model were established to evaluate the Mat on glucose metabolism, intestinal insulin secretion and GLP-1 secretion related substances. To clarify the mechanism of Mat in regulating GLP-1 secretion by immunofluorescence, calcium labeling, siRNA, and molecular docking. RESULTS The results showed that Mat could significantly improve glucose metabolism and increased insulin and GLP-1 secretion in diabetic mice and increased trisphosphate inositol (IP3) levels by affecting the expression of phospholipase C β2 (PLCβ2) and promote an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels in STC-1 cells to subsequently stimulate the secretion of GLP-1. Knockdown of the bitter taste receptors mTas2r108, mTas2r137, and mTas2r138 in STC-1 cells by siRNA did could not affect the role of Mat in regulating GLP-1. However, the secretion of GLP-1 by Mat could be significantly inhibited by administration of a CaSR inhibitor or siRNA CaSR. Molecular docking analysis showed that Mat could embed CaSR protein and bind to the original ligand of the egg white at the same amino acid site to play the role of an agonist. CONCLUSION Matrine is a typical bitter alkaloid could be used as an agonist of CaSR to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 in the intestine, and it may be used as a potential drug for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China
| | - Linna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China..
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China..
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, PR China..
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Jiao J, Wang Y, Ren P, Sun S, Wu M. Necrosulfonamide Ameliorates Neurological Impairment in Spinal Cord Injury by Improving Antioxidative Capacity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1538. [PMID: 31998134 PMCID: PMC6962303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no efficient therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Anoxemia after SCI is a key problem, which leads to tissue destruction, while hypoxia after SCI induces cell injury along with inflammation. Mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a critical signal molecule of necroptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as one of the most pivotal events after SCI. Based on the important role of MLKL in cell damage and potential role of mitochondrial dysfunction, our study focuses on the regulation of MLKL by Necrosulfonamide (NSA) in mitochondrial dysfunction of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell damage and SCI-mice, which specifically blocks the MLKL. Our results showed that NSA protected against a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels and an increase in reactive oxygen species and malonyldialdehyde levels. NSA also improved the locomotor function in SCI-mice and OGD-induced spinal neuron injury through inhibition of MLKL activation independently of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) phosphorylation. Besides the protective effects, NSA exhibited a therapeutic window. The optimal treatment time was within 12 h after the injury in the SCI-mice model. In conclusion, our data suggest a close association between the NSA level inhibiting p-MLKL independently of RIP3 phosphorylation and induction of neurological impairment by improving antioxidative capacity after SCI. NSA ameliorates neurological impairment in SCI through inhibiting MLKL-dependent necroptosis. It also provides a theoretical basis for further research and application of NSA in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shicai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Astragaloside IV Suppresses High Glucose-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Inhibiting TLR4/NF- κB and CaSR. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1082497. [PMID: 30906223 PMCID: PMC6398021 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1082497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to high glucose induces vascular endothelial inflammation that can result in cardiovascular disease. Astragaloside IV (As-IV) is widely used for anti-inflammatory treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of As-IV on high glucose-induced endothelial inflammation and explored its possible mechanisms. In vivo, As-IV (40 and 80 mg/kg/d) was orally administered to rats for 8 weeks after a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg). In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with high glucose (33 mM glucose) in the presence or absence of As-IV, NPS2143 (CaSR inhibitor), BAY 11-7082 (NF-κB p65 inhibitor), and INF39 (NLRP3 inhibitor), and overexpression of CaSR was induced by infection of CaSR-overexpressing lentiviral vectors to further discuss the anti-inflammatory property of As-IV. The results showed that high glucose increased the expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC, as well as the protein level of TLR4, nucleus p65, and CaSR. As-IV can reverse these changes in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, NPS2143, BAY 11-7082, and INF39 could significantly abolish the high glucose-enhanced NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β expression in vitro. In addition, both NPS2143 and BAY 11-7082 attenuated high glucose-induced upregulation of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β expression. In conclusion, this study suggested that As-IV could inhibit high glucose-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and CaSR, which provides new insights into the anti-inflammatory activity of As-IV.
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Gao H, Duan Y, Fu X, Xie H, Liu Y, Yuan H, Zhou M, Xie C. Comparison of efficacy of SHENQI compound and rosiglitazone in the treatment of diabetic vasculopathy analyzing multi-factor mediated disease-causing modules. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207683. [PMID: 30521536 PMCID: PMC6283585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-predominant vasculopathy is a common complication of diabetes with high morbidity and high mortality, which is ruining the patient's daily life. As is known to all, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) SHENQI compound and western medicine rosiglitazone play an important role in the treatment of diabetes. In particular, SHENQI compound has a significant inhibitory effect on vascular lesions. Here, to explore and compare the therapeutic mechanism of SHENQI compound and rosiglitazone on diabetic vasculopathy, we first built 7 groups of mouse models. The behavioral, physiological and pathological morphological characteristics of these mice showed that SHENQI compound has a more comprehensive curative effect than rosiglitazone and has a stronger inhibitory effect on vascular lesions. While rosiglitazone has a more effective but no significant effect on hypoglycemic. Further, based on the gene expression of mice in each group, we performed differential expression analysis. The functional enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed the potential pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of diabetic angiopathy. In addition, we found that SHENQI compound mainly exerts comprehensive effects by regulating MCM8, IRF7, CDK7, NEDD4L by pivot regulator analysis, while rosiglitazone can rapidly lower blood glucose levels by targeting PSMD3, UBA52. Except that, we also identified some pivot TFs and ncRNAs for these potential disease-causing DEG modules, which may the mediators bridging drugs and modules. Finally, similar to pivot regulator analysis, we also identified the regulation of some drugs (e.g. bumetanide, disopyramide and glyburide etc.) which have been shown to have a certain effect on diabetes or diabetic angiopathy, proofing the scientific and objectivity of this study. Overall, this study not only provides an in-depth comparison of the efficacy of SHENQI compound and rosiglitazone in the treatment of diabetic vasculopathy, but also provides clinicians and drug designers with valuable theoretical guidance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Phytotherapy
- Rosiglitazone/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Duan
- Department Two of Endocrinology, Teaching Hospital, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Fu
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haipo Yuan
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Teaching Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Huayu Tongmai Granules protects against vascular endothelial dysfunction via up-regulating miR-185 and down-regulating RAGE. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180674. [PMID: 30201694 PMCID: PMC6265614 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a membrane protein that contributes to the initiation and progression of diabetic vascular complications, which is reported as a target of miR-185. Huayu Tongmai Granules is a Chinese herbal compound that is capable of treating diabetic angiopathy. The present study was designed to explore the molecular biological mechanism by which Huayu Tongmai Granules protects against diabetic angiopathy.Methods: The rat model of diabetes and hyperglucose cell model were established. The blood glucose was detected to verify whether the model was successfully established. Besides, serum nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations of the rats in each group were determined. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to examine the mRNA expression levels of miR-185 and other miRNAs in femoral artery of rats or human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Additionally, the protein levels of RAGE or Bax were determined using Western blotting. Cell apoptosis was determined by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay or flow cytometry.Results: In the present study, we found that Huayu Tongmai Granules significantly decreased blood glucose and serum ROS and up-regulated serum NO concentration. MiR-185 was low-expressed in diabetic rats; however, Huayu Tongmai Granules intervention up-regulated miR-185. Stable overexpression of miR-185 directly suppressed the expression of RAGE and further suppressed endothelial cell apoptosis.Conclusion: Huayu Tongmai Granules appears to have a therapeutic effect on diabetic angiopathy that is most probably mediated by miR-185/RAGE axis.
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Rybczyńska A, Marchwińska A, Dyś A, Boblewski K, Lehmann A, Lewko B. Activity of the calcium-sensing receptor influences blood glucose and insulin levels in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:709-713. [PMID: 28551530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) has been found not only in parathyroid glands but also in other tissues, e.g. in β cells of the pancreatic islets. Therefore, CaR might likely mediate the mechanism of insulin secretion. The present study was designed to examine the in vivo effects of R-568, a CaR agonist, and NPS2143, a CaR inhibitor, on plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations. METHODS Wistar rats, after fasting for 14h before the experiment, were anesthetized with inactin and loaded ip with 1g/kg glucose. RESULTS 20, 120 and 180min after iv R-568 administration, plasma insulin increased markedly (by approximately 30%), in glucose-loaded rats, as compared to the control animals. Simultaneously, 180min after R-568 administration, a significant drop by approximately 12% in blood glucose was observed. In contrast, administration of R-568 in rats not given glucose, did not influence the blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations vs. the control group. Administration of NPS2143 increased the blood glucose level markedly (by about 18% vs. control group) at 180 and 210min of the experiment. Simultaneously, a significant decrease of insulin concentration was observed vs. control group (by about 18 and 23%, respectively). CONCLUSION We suggest that modulation of the CaR activity may participate in the mechanisms which mediate insulin secretion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolonia Rybczyńska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Marchwińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dyś
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Konrad Boblewski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Artur Lehmann
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Lewko
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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