Hope During the COVID-19 Epidemic Decreased Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Mediated by Perceived Stress: Coping Style Differences Among Patients with COVID-19

Pathway from childhood trauma to nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents with major depressive disorder: the chain-mediated role of psychological resilience and depressive severity

This study aimed to explore the pathway from childhood trauma to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and to examine the chain-mediating role of psychological resilience and depressive symptoms in this pathway. A total of 391 adolescents with MDD were recruited in the present study. The Chinese version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the Chinese version of the Symptoms Check List-90 (SCL-90), the Chinese version of the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory Chinese Revised Edition (OSIC) were used to evaluate childhood trauma, depressive symptoms, psychological resilience and NSSI, respectively. Our results showed that 60.87% of adolescents with MDD had NSSI in the past month. Childhood trauma frequency was negatively correlated with psychological resilience but positively correlated with depressive symptoms and NSSI severity in adolescents with MDD. The stepwise logistic regression analysis identified that age, childhood trauma and depressive symptoms could independently predict the occurrence of NSSI, and the three-step hierarchical regression showed that childhood trauma, psychological resilience and depressive symptoms were all significantly associated with NSSI frequency in adolescents with MDD. Furthermore, the chain-mediation analysis revealed that psychological resilience and depression serially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI in adolescents with MDD. Interventions targeted at improving resilience and depression may mitigate the impact of childhood trauma severity on NSSI risk in adolescents with MDD.

The relationship between COVID-19 stress and test anxiety in art students: the chain mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and sleep quality

BACKGROUND

The global spread of COVID-19 has brought immense physiological and psychological distress to students, such as test anxiety and poor sleep quality. This study aims to explore the relationship between COVID-19 stress and test anxiety and the mediating roles of intolerance of uncertainty and sleep quality between them.

METHODS

A study was conducted in China during the late stage of the pandemic. A total of 936 Chinese art students (age M = 18.51, SD = 2.11, 46.6% female) completed the Coronavirus Stress Measure (CSM), the 12-item Intolerance of Uncertainty (IUS-12), the Brief Version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI), and the Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI). A chain mediation model analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effects of intolerance of uncertainty and sleep quality on the association with COVID-19 stress and test anxiety.

RESULTS

COVID-19 stress was positively associated with test anxiety (β = 0.50, p < 0.001). The intolerance of uncertainty and sleep quality partially and serially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and test anxiety (β = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.02).

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that art students' intolerance of uncertainty and sleep quality partially and serially mediate the relation between COVID-19 stress and test anxiety. The results have significant implications for the intervention and prevention of test anxiety, providing additional evidence for the relationship between COVID-19 stress and test anxiety.

An interaction study of online learning satisfaction with parent-child relationships and trait coping styles

As the physical and mental development of the young is not only influenced by the parent-child relationship (PR) and the student's academic performance, but also moderated by trait coping styles (TCS), the changes between these three during the online learning period in an epidemic need to be reconsidered. This study aims to explore the factors affecting online learning satisfaction (OLS) among students and their interaction with parent-child relationship and trait coping style. A web-based questionnaire was employed, encompassing general information, the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ), and queries related to OLS. A total of 1,287 valid questionnaires were collected, with 593 from junior high school students, 197 from high school students, and 497 from university students. Our findings indicate that parent-child relationship (PR), positive coping style (PCS), and learning status (LS) showed a positive correlation with OLS (r=0.110, P<0.001; r=0.786, P<0.001). Conversely, negative coping style (NCS) presented a negative correlation with OLS (r=-0.186, P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis of OLS reveals that PR has a significant impact on OLS (P<0.001, β=0.291), as does LS (P<0.001, β=0.767). However, trait coping styles (TCS) appear to have no significant effect on OLS. Notably, PR plays a significant and positive mediating role between LS and OLS, with a mediation effect of 0.0132 (P<0.05), accounting for 1.682% of the total effect. These findings suggest that strengthening parent-child interactions and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms could play a crucial role in enhancing students' satisfaction with online education. Such improvements could potentially contribute to superior academic outcomes and overall student well-being.

Stigma and related factors among renal dialysis patients in China

Background

Stigma is an important psychological concept that is being studied in many diseases. However, there have been few studies on stigma in renal dialysis patients in China. This study aimed to investigate the level of stigma and its potential influencing factors among Chinese renal dialysis patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among renal dialysis patients in two Chinese dialysis centers between April 2022 and July 2022. Two hundred four renal kidney patients were interviewed with a questionnaire on demographic variables using the Social Impact Scale (SIS), Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14), Herth Hope Index(HHI), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Revised Life Orientation Test(LOT-R), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and Fear of Progression (FoP). T-test/univariate one-way ANOVA, Pearson's R, and hierarchical linear regression analysis were used to investigate the factors that influence stigma.

Results

Renal dialysis patients in China experienced a moderate level of stigma (52.36 ± 8.16). Stigma was negatively correlated with resilience, hope, and perceived social support, whereas it was positively associated with perceived stress and fear of progression. However, it showed no significant relationship between optimism and stigma. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that hope (β = -0.318, P < 0.001), social support (β = -0.193, P < 0.01), perceived stress (β = 0.197, P < 0.01), and fear of progression (β = 199, P < 0.01) were found to be associated with stigma among the renal dialysis patients. All four variables in the model could explain 34.6% of the variance in stigma among renal dialysis patients in China.

Conclusion

According to this study, renal dialysis patients in China face a moderate level of stigma. Stigma was found to be negatively related to hope and social support but positively associated with perceived stress and fear of progression. Future research on the stigma of renal dialysis patients should include hope-based interventions, proper and specific social support strategies, stress management interventions, and more disease-related information.

COVID-19 perseverative cognition and depressive symptoms in Hong Kong: The moderating role of resilience, loneliness and coping strategies

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased depression prevalence in general population. However, the relationship between persistent dysfunctional thinking associated with COVID-19 (perseverative-cognition) and depression, and its potential moderators are understudied. We aimed to examine the association between COVID-19 perseverative-cognition and depression, and the moderating effect of potential risk and protective factors on this association in general public during the peak of fifth COVID-19 wave in Hong Kong.

METHODS

This survey recruited 14,269 community-dwelling adults between March 15-April 3, 2022 to investigate association between COVID-19 perseverative-cognition and depression, and the moderating effect of resilience, loneliness and three coping strategies (including emotion-focused, problem-focused and avoidant coping) on this association, using hierarchical regression models and simple slope analyses. COVID-19 perseverative cognition was assessed by the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) and depressive symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).

RESULTS

Perseverative-cognition was positively associated with depression severity. Resilience, loneliness and three coping strategies moderated the association between perseverative-cognition and depression. Specifically, greater resilience and emotion-focused coping ameliorated the association between perseverative-cognition and depression, while higher levels of loneliness, avoidant and problem-focused coping accentuated such association.

LIMITATIONS

Cross-sectional design precluded establishing causality among variables.

CONCLUSION

This study affirms that COVID-19 perseverative-cognition is significantly related to depression. Our findings indicate the potential critical role of enhanced personal resilience and social support, and adoption of emotion-focused coping in mitigating negative effect of COVID-19 related maladaptive thinking on depression severity, thereby facilitating development of targeted strategies to reduce psychological distress amidst the prolonged pandemic.

Hope and depression and personality disorders

Hope is a positive psychology construct that comprises goals, agency thinking, and pathways thinking and has been associated with psychological and physical well-being. This paper summarizes recent findings regarding the relationship between hope and depressive symptoms as well as hope and personality disorders and traits. Studies have shown that hope is inversely associated with negative affect when examined cross-sectionally, although the relationship between hope and depression is more complex longitudinally. Little is known about hope as it pertains to personality disorders, though more recent studies have examined the relationship between hope and personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion; results from those studies are mixed, leaving a wide gap in the literature for future exploration.

Associations among resilience, hope, social support, stress, and anxiety severity in Chinese women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results

This study was to explore the resilience level and its potential correlates and further to evaluate the influence of these resilience-centred variables on anxiety severity among Chinese women with abnormal cervical cancer screening results. One hundred and seventy-five subjects completed self-administered questionnaires to collect relevant variables. The level of resilience of our sample is moderate (70.57 ± 12.14). The data identified hope (β = 0.218), social support (β = 0.247) and perceived stress (β = -0.320) as independent associates for resilience. Finally, among variables, only perceived stress is found to have a direct and positive influence on anxiety severity. Interventions on these variables can be effective for resilience promotion in this population. In addition, anxiety should be preferentially intervened in through the alleviation of perceived stress.