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Keane OA, Zamora AK, Ourshalimian S, Mahdi EM, Song AY, Kim E, Lakshmanan A, Kim ES, Kelley-Quon LI. Opioid and Methadone Use for Infants With Surgically Treated Necrotizing Enterocolitis. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2318910. [PMID: 37347485 PMCID: PMC10288332 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.18910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) requiring surgical intervention is the most common reason for surgical procedures in preterm neonates. Opioids are used to manage postoperative pain, with some infants requiring methadone to treat physiologic opioid dependence or wean from nonmethadone opioid treatment during recovery. Objective To describe postoperative opioid use and methadone treatment for infants with surgically treated NEC and evaluate postoperative outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort study of infants with surgically treated NEC admitted from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022, to 48 Children's Hospital Association hospitals contributing data to the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was performed. Infants who received methadone preoperatively, were aged 14 days or less at the time of the operation, had a congenital heart disease-related operation, or died within 90 days of the operation were excluded. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate thresholds for duration of opioid use after the operation associated with methadone treatment and clinical outcomes associated with methadone use were enumerated. Exposure Postoperative administration of nonmethadone opioids. Main Outcomes and Measures Methadone use and postoperative length of stay, ventilator days, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) days. Results Of the 2037 infants with surgically treated NEC identified, the median birth weight was 920 (IQR, 700.0-1479.5) g; 1204 were male (59.1%), 911 were White (44.7%), and 343 were Hispanic (16.8%). Infants received nonmethadone opioids for a median of 15 (IQR, 6-30) days after the operation and 231 received methadone (11.3%). The median first day of methadone use was postoperative day 18 (IQR, days 9-64) and continued for 28 days (IQR, 14-73). Compared with infants who received nonmethadone opioids for 1 to 5 days, infants receiving 16 to 21 days of opioids were most likely to receive methadone treatment (odds ratio, 11.45; 95% CI, 6.31-20.77). Methadone use was associated with 21.41 (95% CI, 10.81-32.02) more days of postoperative length of stay, 10.80 (95% CI, 3.63-17.98) more ventilator days, and 16.21 (95% CI, 6.34-26.10) more TPN days. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of infants with surgically treated NEC, prolonged use of nonmethadone opioids after the operation was associated with an increased likelihood of methadone treatment and increased postoperative length of stay, ventilation, and TPN use. Optimizing postoperative pain management for infants requiring an operation may decrease the need for methadone treatment and improve health care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Keane
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Abigail K. Zamora
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Shadassa Ourshalimian
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elaa M. Mahdi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashley Y. Song
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Anesthesia, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashwini Lakshmanan
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Eugene S. Kim
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lorraine I. Kelley-Quon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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Oliveira A, Widmer R, Nascimento M, Costa W, Paiva P, Napoleão TH. Flavonoid-rich fraction from Croton blanchetianus (Euphorbiaceae) leaves exerts peripheral and central analgesic effects by acting via the opioid and cholinergic systems. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100853. [PMID: 34990049 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract from Croton blanchetianus leaves has been shown to have antinociceptive activity in mice. Here, we investigated the antinociceptive activity of an ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) from this extract in mice and the possible pathways involved in the analgesic effect. Adverse effects on behavior and motor coordination were also evaluated. The EAF was characterized by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and evaluated (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg per os) in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion assays. Naloxone, atropine, glibenclamide, prazosin, or yohimbine was pre-administered to mice to investigate the involved pathways in the formalin test. The open-field, rotarod, and elevated plus-maze tests were used to assess behavior and locomotion. The main components of the EAF were quercetin-3-O-(2-rhamnosyl) rutinoside, hyperoside, quercetin rutinoside pentoside, and quercetin hexoside deoxyhexoside. EAF showed antinociceptive effects in all models and was effective against both neurogenic and inflammatory pain. The reversion of the effects in the formalin test by naloxone and atropine revealed that the EAF acted via the opioid and cholinergic systems. In the open-field test, the behavior of the animals treated with the EAF was like that of control, except at the highest dose, when hypnosis, eyelid ptosis, decreased walking, hygiene, and rearing behaviors were observed. No muscle relaxant effect was observed, but an anxiogenic effect was observed at all doses. This study provides new scientific evidence on the pharmacological properties of C. blanchetianus leaves and their potential for the development of phytomedicines with analgesic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Ramona Widmer
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Matheus Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Wendeo Costa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Patricia Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, BRAZIL
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Bioquimica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Centro de Biociencias, 50670901, Recife, BRAZIL
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Ochroch J, Usman A, Kiefer J, Pulton D, Shah R, Grosh T, Patel S, Vernick W, Gutsche JT, Raiten J. Reducing Opioid Use in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery - Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Critical Care Strategies. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:2155-2165. [PMID: 33069556 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery are exposed to opioids in the operating room and intensive care unit and after hospital discharge. Opportunities exist to reduce perioperative opioid use at all stages of care and include alternative oral and intravenous medications, novel intraoperative regional anesthetic techniques, and postoperative opioid-sparing sedative and analgesic strategies. In this review, currently used and investigational strategies to reduce the opioid burden for cardiothoracic surgical patients are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ochroch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Asad Usman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jesse Kiefer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Danielle Pulton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ro Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Taras Grosh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Saumil Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William Vernick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob T Gutsche
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jesse Raiten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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4
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Bartels K, Mahoney K, Raymond KM, McWilliams SK, Fernandez-Bustamante A, Schulick R, Hopfer CJ, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK. Opioid and non-opioid utilization at home following gastrointestinal procedures: a prospective cohort study. Surg Endosc 2020; 34:304-311. [PMID: 30945059 PMCID: PMC6776715 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-06767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overprescribing of opioid medications for patients to be used at home after surgery is common. We sought to ascertain important patient and procedural characteristics that are associated with low versus high rates of self-reported utilization of opioids at home, 1-4 weeks after discharge following gastrointestinal surgery. METHODS We developed a survey consisting of questions from NIH PROMIS tools for pain intensity/interference and queries on postoperative analgesic use. Adult patients completed the survey weekly during the first month after discharge. Using regression procedures we determined the patient and procedure characteristics that predicted high post-discharge opioid use operationalized as 75 mg oral morphine equivalents/50 mg oxycodone reported taken. RESULTS The survey response rate was 86% (201/233). High opioid use was reported by 52.7% of patients (106/201). Median reported intake of opioid pain pills was 7 for week #1 and 0 for weeks #2-4. Combinations of acetaminophen and non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs were used by 8.9%-12.5% of patients after discharge. Following adjustment for significant variables of the univariate analysis, last 24-h in-hospital opioid intake remained as a significant co-variate for post-discharge opioid intake. CONCLUSIONS After gastrointestinal surgery, the equivalent of each oxycodone 5 mg tablet taken in the last 24 h before discharge increases the likelihood of taking the equivalent of > 10 oxycodone 5 mg tablets by 5%. Non-opioid analgesia was utilized in less than half of the cases. Maximizing non-opioid analgesic therapy and basing opioid prescriptions on 24-h pre-discharge opioid intake may improve the quality of post-discharge pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Bartels
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Katharine Mahoney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristen M Raymond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Shannon K McWilliams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Bustamante
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Richard Schulick
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Susan K Mikulich-Gilbertson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, MS B-113, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Colorado/School of Public Health, Aurora, USA
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Hu KY, Peterson CY, Ludwig KA, Ridolfi TJ. Response to: "Alvimopan and outcome after colectomy?". Surgery 2019; 167:677. [PMID: 31785823 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y Hu
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Kirk A Ludwig
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Purdy M, Kinnunen M, Kokki M, Anttila M, Eskelinen M, Hautajärvi H, Lehtonen M, Kokki H. A prospective, randomized, open label, controlled study investigating the efficiency and safety of 3 different methods of rectus sheath block analgesia following midline laparotomy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9968. [PMID: 29443788 PMCID: PMC5839819 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a controversy regarding the efficacy of rectus sheath block (RSB). The aim of the present study was to evaluate analgesic efficacy and safety of three different methods of RSB in postoperative pain management after midline laparotomy. METHODS A prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with 4 parallel groups was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Finland. A total of 57 patients undergoing midline laparotomy were randomized to the control group (n = 12) or to 1 of the 3 active RSB analgesia groups: single-dose (n = 16), repeated-doses (n = 12), or continuous infusion (n = 17). Opioid consumption with iv-patient-controlled analgesia pump was recorded, and pain scores and patients' satisfaction were surveyed on an 11-point numeric rating scale for the first 48 postoperative h. Plasma concentrations of oxycodone and levobupivacaine were analyzed. All adverse events during the hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS Oxycodone consumption was less during the first 12 h in the repeated-doses and in the continuous infusion groups (P = .07) and in numerical values up to 48 h in the repeated-doses group. Plasma oxycodone concentrations were similar in all 4 groups. Pain scores were lower in the repeated-doses group when coughing during the first 4 h (P = .048 vs. control group), and at rest on the first postoperative morning (P = .034 vs. the other 3 groups) and at 24 h (P = .006 vs. the single-dose group). All plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine were safe. The patients' satisfaction was better in the repeated-doses group compared with the control group (P = .025). No serious or unexpected adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS RSB analgesia with repeated-doses seems to have opioid sparing efficacy, and it may enhance pain relief and patients' satisfaction after midline laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Purdy
- Department of Surgery, Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland
| | | | - Merja Kokki
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland
- Department of Anesthesia and Operative Services, Kuopio University Hospital
| | - Maarit Anttila
- Departments of Gynecology and Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital
| | - Matti Eskelinen
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio
| | | | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kokki
- School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland
- Department of Anesthesia and Operative Services, Kuopio University Hospital
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7
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Cesário FRAS, de Albuquerque TR, de Lacerda GM, de Oliveira MRC, Rodrigues LB, Martins AOBPB, Boligon AA, Júnior LJQ, de Souza Araújo AA, Vale ML, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA. Phytochemical profile and mechanisms involved in the anti-nociception caused by the hydroethanolic extract obtained from Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum (Jenipapo-bravo) leaves in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:321-329. [PMID: 29091881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocoyena formosa, a small ornamental tree growing in the dry regions of central Brazil, is commonly known as 'genipapo do bravo'. This is a medicinal plant traditionally used as an analgesic for rheumatic pain, lower back pain and myalgia, however its use is carried out without scientific evidence, which thus justifies the development of studies to investigate and prove its therapeutic potential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schlecht.) K. Schum (TFLHE) and the mechanisms involved in its anti-nociceptive effect. The TFLHE revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, quercetin and luteolin. The TFLHE at doses of 200 and 400mg/kg significantly decreased acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions, the reaction time for the formalin test in both phases and increased the paw withdrawal time in the hot plate thermal stimulus test. The 200mg/kg dose also significantly inhibited the plantar mechanical hyperalgesia intensity induced by formalin within 24h. TREATMENT with the TFLHE did not cause significant changes in motor performance and coordination in the Rota Rod test. The investigation on the possible mechanism of antinociceptive action of TFLHE indicates the involvement of opioid, glutamatergic, nitric oxide/cGMP and vanilloid systems. It is concluded that the TFLHE has an antinociceptive effect promoted by the aforementioned mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rafael Alves Santana Cesário
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Thaís Rodrigues de Albuquerque
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Giovana Mendes de Lacerda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Rayane Correia de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Research of the Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97.105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49.100-000, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49.100-000, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lima Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences. Federal University of Sergipe, 49.100-000, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil.
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Postgraduate Program in Molecular Bioprospecting Program, Regional University of Cariri, 63.105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil.
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Beserra FP, Santos RDC, Périco LL, Rodrigues VP, Kiguti LRDA, Saldanha LL, Pupo AS, da Rocha LRM, Dokkedal AL, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA. Cissus sicyoides: Pharmacological Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-Inflammatory and Antidiarrheal Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E149. [PMID: 26805827 PMCID: PMC4783883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms involved in anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal actions of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Cissus sicyoides (HECS). The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by oral administration of HECS against acute model of edema induced by xylene, and the mechanisms of action were analysed by involvement of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). The antidiarrheal effect of HECS was observed and we analyzed the motility and accumulation of intestinal fluid. We also analyzed the antidiarrheal mechanisms of action of HECS by evaluating the role of the opioid receptor, α₂ adrenergic receptor, muscarinic receptor, nitric oxide (NO) and PGE₂. The oral administration of HECS inhibited the edema induced by xylene and AA and was also able to significantly decrease the levels of PGE₂. The extract also exhibited significant anti-diarrheal activity by reducing motility and intestinal fluid accumulation. This extract significantly reduced intestinal transit stimulated by muscarinic agonist and intestinal secretion induced by PGE₂. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism of action involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of HECS is related to PGE₂. The antidiarrheal effect of this extract may be mediated by inhibition of contraction by acting on the intestinal smooth muscle and/or intestinal transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raquel de Cássia Santos
- Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade São Francisco, CEP 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Lucena Périco
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Peixoto Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Ricardo de Almeida Kiguti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - André Sampaio Pupo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Regina Machado da Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sobczak M, Sałaga M, Storr MA, Fichna J. Physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of opioid receptors and their ligands in the gastrointestinal tract: current concepts and future perspectives. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:24-45. [PMID: 23397116 PMCID: PMC3895212 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Opioid receptors are widely distributed in the human body and are crucially involved in numerous physiological processes. These include pain signaling in the central and the peripheral nervous system, reproduction, growth, respiration, and immunological response. Opioid receptors additionally play a major role in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review discusses the physiology and pharmacology of the opioid system in the GI tract. We additionally focus on GI disorders and malfunctions, where pathophysiology involves the endogenous opioid system, such as opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, opioid-induced constipation or abdominal pain. Based on recent reports in the field of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, we will also discuss the opportunities of targeting the opioid system, suggesting future treatment options for functional disorders and inflammatory states of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sobczak
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Sałaga
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Martin A. Storr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Surgical and Patient Outcomes Using Mechanical Bowel Preparation Before Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 121:538-546. [DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e318282ed92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2012; 6:109-25. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e328350f70c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bakkum-Gamez JN, Langstraat CL, Martin JR, Lemens MA, Weaver AL, Allensworth S, Dowdy SC, Cliby WA, Gostout BS, Podratz KC. Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative ileus in women undergoing primary staging and debulking for epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 125:614-20. [PMID: 22370599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thorough primary cytoreduction for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) improves survival. The incidence of postoperative ileus (POI) in these patients may be underreported because of varying POI definitions and the evolving, increasingly complex contemporary surgical approach to EOC. We sought to determine the current incidence of POI and its risk factors in women undergoing debulking and staging for EOC. METHODS We retrospectively identified the records of women who underwent primary staging and cytoreduction for EOC between 2003 and 2008. POI was defined as a surgeon's diagnosis of POI, return to nothing-by-mouth status, or reinsertion of a nasogastric tube. Perioperative patient characteristics and process-of-care variables were analyzed. Univariate analyses were used to identify POI risk factors; variables with P ≤.20 were included in multivariate analysis. RESULTS Among 587 women identified, the overall incidence of POI was 30.3% (25.9% without bowel resection, 38.5% with bowel resection; P=.002). Preoperative thrombocytosis, involvement of bowel mesentery with carcinoma, and perioperative red blood cell transfusion were independently associated with increased POI. Postoperative ibuprofen use was associated with decreased POI risk. Women with POI had a longer length of stay (median, 11 vs 6 days) and increased time to recovery of the upper (7.5 vs 4 days) and lower (4 vs 3 days) gastrointestinal tract (P<.001 for each). CONCLUSIONS The rate of POI is substantial among women undergoing staging and cytoreduction for EOC and is associated with increased length of stay. Modifiable risk factors may include transfusion and postoperative ibuprofen use. Alternative interventions to decrease POI are needed.
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