1
|
Lin R, Lin Y, Wang J, Peng L. Regulation of mouse digestive function, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and inflammatory reaction by lycium barbarum polysaccharide pathway through myosin light chain kinase. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29795. [PMID: 38765174 PMCID: PMC11098784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the impacts of lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the digestive function, intestinal mucosal barrier function, inflammatory response, and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathway in immunosuppressed mice. 70 mg/kg cyclophosphamide was injected into abdomen for the preparation of immune suppression model. Healthy BALB/c mice served as control for the analysis of the differences in gastrointestinal motility and absorptive capacity, intestinal mucosal barrier function, the phagocytic ability of abdominal macrophages, serum immune factor and inflammatory factor levels, and the activation status of the MLCK signaling pathway after continuous gavage with 100 mg/kg LBP. Results revealed a decrease in d-xylose content, phagocytic rate, index of abdominal macrophages, and spleen index in the serum and urine of model mice compared to those of controls. In addition, levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-12, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) decreased, while MLCK and myosin light chain (MLC) levels rose (P < 0.01). Versus those in Model group, urine d-xylose content, phagocytic rate, index of abdominal macrophages, spleen index, and the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ of mice undergoing the gavage with LBP increased, while MLCK and p-MLC levels declined (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LBP improved digestive absorption and immune function of immunosuppressed mice and regulated intestinal mucosal barrier immune system by inhibiting MLCK signaling pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runli Lin
- Fuzhou Hushan Medical Research Institute, Hushan Lin's, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuehan Lin
- Fuzhou Hushan Medical Research Institute, Hushan Lin's, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Fuzhou Hushan Medical Research Institute, Hushan Lin's, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - LiJuan Peng
- Fuzhou Hushan Medical Research Institute, Hushan Lin's, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu S, Kou Y, Liu X, Rong W, Han H, Zhang G. Activation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor ameliorates tight junction barrier dysfunction in the colon of type 1 diabetic mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1874-1883. [PMID: 37766457 PMCID: PMC10753360 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia drives dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. 5-Hydroxytryptaine 4 receptor (5-HT 4R) agonists have been considered therapeutics for constipation in clnic. However, the roles of 5-HT 4R activation in mucosa should be fully realized. Here, we investigate the effects of 5-HT 4R activation on diabetes-induced disruption of the tight junction (TJ) barrier in the colon. Not surprisingly, the TJ barrier in diabetic mice with or without 5-HT 4R is tremendously destroyed, as indicated by increased serum fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Simultaneously, decreased expressions of TJ proteins are shown in both wild-type (WT) and 5-HT 4R knockout (KO) mice with diabetes. Notably, chronic treatment with intraperitoneal injection of a 5-HT 4R agonist in WT mice with diabetes repairs the TJ barrier and promotes TJ protein expressions, including occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1, in the colon, whereas a 5-HT 4R agonist does not improve TJ barrier function or TJ protein expressions in 5-HT 4R KO mice with diabetes. Furthermore, stimulation of 5-HT 4R inhibits diabetes-induced upregulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), Rho-associated coiled coil protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC), which are key molecules that regulate TJ integrity, in the colonic mucosa of WT mice. However, such action induced by a 5-HT 4R agonist is not observed in 5-HT 4R KO mice with diabetes. These findings indicate that 5-HT 4R activation may restore TJ integrity by inhibiting the expressions of MLCK, ROCK1 and p-MLC, improving epithelial barrier function in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Hu
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Yueting Kou
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Weifang Rong
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Hongxiu Han
- Department of PathologyTongji HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai200065China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salvi PS, Shaughnessy MP, Sumigray KD, Cowles RA. Antibiotic-induced microbial depletion enhances murine small intestinal epithelial growth in a serotonin-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G80-G91. [PMID: 37158470 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00113.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of small intestinal epithelial growth by endogenous and environmental factors is critical for intestinal homeostasis and recovery from insults. Depletion of the intestinal microbiome increases epithelial proliferation in small intestinal crypts, similar to the effects observed in animal models of serotonin potentiation. Based on prior evidence that the microbiome modulates serotonin activity, we hypothesized that microbial depletion-induced epithelial proliferation is dependent on host serotonin activity. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced microbial depletion (AIMD) was employed. Serotonin potentiation was achieved through either genetic knockout of the serotonin transporter (SERT) or pharmacological SERT inhibition, and inhibition of serotonin synthesis was achieved with para-chlorophenylalanine. AIMD and serotonin potentiation increased intestinal villus height and crypt proliferation in an additive manner, but the epithelial proliferation observed after AIMD was blocked in the absence of endogenous serotonin. Using Lgr5-EGFP-reporter mice, we evaluated intestinal stem cell (ISC) quantity and proliferation. AIMD increased the number of ISCs per crypt and ISC proliferation compared with controls, and changes in ISC number and proliferation were dependent on the presence of host serotonin. Furthermore, Western blotting demonstrated that AIMD reduced epithelial SERT protein expression compared with controls. In conclusion, host serotonin activity is necessary for microbial depletion-associated changes in villus height and ISC proliferation in crypts, and microbial depletion produces a functional serotonin-potentiated state through reduced SERT protein expression. These findings provide an understanding of how changes to the microbiome contribute to intestinal pathology and can be applied therapeutically.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Antibiotic-induced microbial depletion of the murine small intestine results in a state of potentiated serotonin activity through reduced epithelial expression of the serotonin transporter. Specifically, serotonin-dependent mechanisms lead to increased intestinal surface area and intestinal stem cell proliferation. Furthermore, the absence of endogenous serotonin leads to blunting of small intestinal villi, suggesting that serotonin signaling is required for epithelial homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja S Salvi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Matthew P Shaughnessy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan Y, Zhao Q, Wei Y, Wang H, Ga Y, Zhang Y, Hao Z. Pingwei San Ameliorates Spleen Deficiency-Induced Diarrhea through Intestinal Barrier Protection and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051122. [PMID: 37237988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pingwei San (PWS) has been used for more than a thousand years as a traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating spleen-deficiency diarrhea (SDD). Nevertheless, the exact mechanism by which it exerts its antidiarrheal effects remains unclear. The objective of this investigation was to explore the antidiarrheal efficacy of PWS and its mechanism of action in SDD induced by Rhubarb. To this end, UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the chemical composition of PWS, while the body weight, fecal moisture content, and colon pathological alterations were used to evaluate the effects of PWS on the Rhubarb-induced rat model of SDD. Additionally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were employed to assess the expression of inflammatory factors, aquaporins (AQPs), and tight junction markers in the colon tissues. Furthermore, 16S rRNA was utilized to determine the impact of PWS on the intestinal flora of SDD rats. The findings revealed that PWS increased body weight, reduced fecal water content, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon. It also promoted the expression of AQPs and tight junction markers and prevented the loss of colonic cup cells in SDD rats. In addition, PWS significantly increased the abundance of Prevotellaceae, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, and Tuzzerella, while decreasing the abundance of Ruminococcus and Frisingicoccus in the feces of SDD rats. The LEfSe analysis revealed that Prevotella, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, and Pantoea were relatively enriched in the PWS group. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that PWS exerted a therapeutic effect on Rhubarb-induced SDD in rats by both protecting the intestinal barrier and modulating the imbalanced intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Ga
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Liu J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Wen Y, Ding K, Zou L, Liu X, Li A, Wang Y, Fu H, Huang M, Ding G, Zhou J. Jwa participates the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis via ERK/FBXW7-mediated NOTCH1/PPARγ/STAT5 axis and acts as a novel putative aging related gene. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5503-5521. [PMID: 36147468 PMCID: PMC9461671 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a rapid self-renewal and regenerated tissue of which the structural integrity is beneficial for maintaining health. The integrity of intestinal epithelium depends on the balance of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and the function of intestinal stem cells, which declines due to genetic defect or aging. Jwa participates in multiple cellular processes; it also responds to oxidative stress and repairs DNA damage. However, whether Jwa plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal renewal and regeneration is not clear. In the present study, we firstly described that the deletion of Jwa disturbed the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial renewal and regeneration. Jwa deficiency promoted NOTCH1 degradation in the ERK/FBXW7-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thus disturbing the PPARγ/STAT5 axis. These mechanisms might partially contribute to the reduction of intestinal stem cell function and alteration of intestinal epithelial cell lineage distribution, finally suppressing the renewal and regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Moreover, our results also revealed that Jwa was a novel putative aging related gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Wen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kun Ding
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Heling Fu
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chang WY, Yang YT, She MP, Tu CH, Lee TC, Wu MS, Sun CH, Hsin LW, Yu LCH. 5-HT 7 receptor-dependent intestinal neurite outgrowth contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1023-1037. [PMID: 36775417 PMCID: PMC9420680 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by visceral hypersensitivity (VH) associated with abnormal serotonin/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism and neurotrophin-dependent mucosal neurite outgrowth. The underlying mechanisms of VH remain poorly understood. We investigated the role of 5-HT7 receptor in mucosal innervation and intestinal hyperalgesia. A high density of mucosal nerve fibres stained for 5-HT7 was observed in colonoscopic biopsy specimens from IBS patients compared with those from healthy controls. Staining of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors was observed mainly in colonic epithelia with comparable levels between IBS and controls. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension were evaluated in two mouse models, one postinfectious with Giardia and subjected to water avoidance stress (GW) and the other postinflammatory with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis (PT). Increased VH was associated with higher mucosal density of 5-HT7-expressing nerve fibres and elevated neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor levels in the GW and PT mice. The increased VH was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of SB-269970 (a selective 5-HT7 antagonist). Peroral multiple doses of CYY1005 (a novel 5-HT7 ligand) decreased VH and reduced mucosal density of 5-HT7-expressing nerve fibres in mouse colon. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells incubated with bacteria-free mouse colonic supernatant, 5-HT, nerve growth factor, or brain-derived neurotrophic factor exhibited nerve fibre elongation, which was inhibited by 5-HT7 antagonists. Gene silencing of HTR7 also reduced the nerve fibre length. Activation of 5-HT7 upregulated NGF and BDNF gene expression, while stimulation with neurotrophins increased the levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and 5-HT7 in neurons. A positive-feedback loop was observed between serotonin and neurotrophin pathways via 5-HT7 activation to aggravate fibre elongation, whereby 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 had no roles. In conclusion, 5-HT7-dependent mucosal neurite outgrowth contributed to VH. A novel 5-HT7 antagonist could be used as peroral analgesics for IBS-related pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Yang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Meng-Ping She
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tsung-Chun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chin-Hung Sun
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ling-Wei Hsin
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University School of Pharmacy, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics Discovery, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.
| | - Linda Chia-Hui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Layunta E, Buey B, Mesonero JE, Latorre E. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Serotonergic System and Pattern Recognition Receptors on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:748254. [PMID: 34819919 PMCID: PMC8607755 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.748254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis results in a wide range of pathologies that are affected, from the brain to the intestine. Gut hormones released by enteroendocrine cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are important signaling molecules within this axis. In the search for the language that allows microbiota to communicate with the gut and the brain, serotonin seems to be the most important mediator. In recent years, serotonin has emerged as a key neurotransmitter in the gut-brain axis because it largely contributes to both GI and brain physiology. In addition, intestinal microbiota are crucial in serotonin signaling, which gives more relevance to the role of the serotonin as an important mediator in microbiota-host interactions. Despite the numerous investigations focused on the gut-brain axis and the pathologies associated, little is known regarding how serotonin can mediate in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we will mainly discuss serotonergic system modulation by microbiota as a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and the body on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and we explore novel therapeutic approaches for GI diseases and mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Layunta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Emilio Mesonero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza–CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah PA, Park CJ, Shaughnessy MP, Cowles RA. Serotonin as a Mitogen in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Revisiting a Familiar Molecule in a New Role. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1093-1104. [PMID: 34022423 PMCID: PMC8350061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin signaling is ubiquitous in the gastrointestinal (GI) system, where it acts as a neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and influences intestinal motility and inflammation. Since its discovery, serotonin has been linked to cellular proliferation in several types of tissues, including vascular smooth muscle, neurons, and hepatocytes. Activation of serotonin receptors on distinct cell types has been shown to induce well-known intracellular proliferation pathways. In the GI tract, potentiation of serotonin signaling results in enhanced intestinal epithelial proliferation, and decreased injury from intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, activation of the type 4 serotonin receptor on enteric neurons leads to neurogenesis and neuroprotection in the setting of intestinal injury. It is not surprising that the mitogenic properties of serotonin are pronounced within the GI tract, where enterochromaffin cells in the intestinal epithelium produce 90% of the body's serotonin; however, these proliferative effects are attributed to increased serotonin signaling within the ENS compartment as opposed to the intestinal mucosa, which are functionally and chemically separate by virtue of the distinct tryptophan hydroxylase enzyme isoforms involved in serotonin synthesis. The exact mechanism by which serotonergic neurons in the ENS lead to intestinal proliferation are not known, but the activation of muscarinic receptors on intestinal crypt cells indicate that cholinergic signaling is essential to this signaling pathway. Further understanding of serotonin's role in mucosal and enteric nervous system mitogenesis may aid in harnessing serotonin signaling for therapeutic benefit in many GI diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, malabsorptive conditions, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja A Shah
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christine J Park
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Matthew P Shaughnessy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shi Y, Qiao CM, Zhou Y, Wu J, Cui C, Hong H, Jia XB, Huang SB, Yao L, Zhao WJ, Shen YQ. Protective effects of prucalopride in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice: Neurochemistry, motor function and gut barrier. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:16-22. [PMID: 33836343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests constipation precedes motor dysfunction and is the most common gastrointestinal symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist prucalopride has been approved to treat chronic constipation. Here, we reported intraperitoneal injection of prucalopride for 7 days increased dopamine and decreased dopamine turnover. Prucalopride administration improved motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrathydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse models. Prucalopride treatment also ameliorated intestinal barrier impairment and increased IL-6 release in PD model mice. However, prucalopride treatment exerted no impact on JAK2/STAT3 pathway, suggesting that prucalopride may stimulate IL-6 via JAK2/STAT3-independent pathway. In conclusion, prucalopride exerted beneficial effects in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice by attenuating the loss of dopamine, improving motor dysfunction and intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Meng Qiao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Bing Jia
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Bing Huang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jiang Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Konen JR, Haag MM, Guseva D, Hurd M, Linton AA, Lavoie B, Kerrigan CB, Joyce E, Bischoff SC, Swann S, Griffin L, Matsukawa J, Falk MD, Gibson TS, Hennig GW, Wykosky J, Mawe GM. Prokinetic actions of luminally acting 5-HT 4 receptor agonists. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14026. [PMID: 33185015 PMCID: PMC7990683 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4 R) agonists exert prokinetic actions in the GI tract, but non-selective actions and potential for stimulation of non-target 5-HT4 Rs have limited their use. Since 5-HT4 Rs are expressed in the colonic epithelium and their stimulation accelerates colonic propulsion in vitro, we tested whether luminally acting 5-HT4 R agonists promote intestinal motility. METHODS Non-absorbed 5-HT4 R agonists, based on prucalopride and naronapride, were assessed for potency at the 5-HT4 R in vitro, and for tissue and serum distribution in vivo in mice. In vivo assessment of prokinetic potential included whole gut transit, colonic motility, fecal output, and fecal water content. Colonic motility was also studied ex vivo in mice treated in vivo. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate receptor distribution in human intestinal mucosa. KEY RESULTS Pharmacological screening demonstrated selectivity and potency of test agonists for 5-HT4 R. Bioavailability studies showed negligible serum detection. Gavage of agonists caused faster whole gut transit and colonic motility, increased fecal output, and elevated fecal water content. Prokinetic actions were blocked by a 5-HT4 R antagonist and were not detected in 5-HT4 R knockout mice. Agonist administration promoted motility in models of constipation. Evaluation of motility patterns ex vivo revealed enhanced contractility in the middle and distal colon. Immunoreactivity for 5-HT4 R is present in the epithelial layer of the human small and large intestines. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES These findings demonstrated that stimulation of epithelial 5-HT4 Rs can potentiate propulsive motility and support the concept that mucosal 5-HT4 Rs could represent a safe and effective therapeutic target for the treatment of constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Konen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Melody M Haag
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Daria Guseva
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Molly Hurd
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Alisha A. Linton
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Colleen B Kerrigan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Emily Joyce
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steve Swann
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jill Wykosky
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spear ET, Mawe GM. Enteric neuroplasticity and dysmotility in inflammatory disease: key players and possible therapeutic targets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G853-G861. [PMID: 31604034 PMCID: PMC6962496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00206.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal functions, including motility and secretion, are locally controlled by enteric neural networks housed within the wall of the gut. The fidelity of these functions depends on the precision of intercellular signaling among cellular elements, including enteric neurons, epithelial cells, immune cells, and glia, all of which are vulnerable to disruptive influences during inflammatory events. This review article describes current knowledge regarding inflammation-induced neuroplasticity along key elements of enteric neural circuits, what is known about the causes of these changes, and possible therapeutic targets for protecting and/or repairing the integrity of intrinsic enteric neurotransmission. Changes that have been detected in response to inflammation include increased epithelial serotonin availability, hyperexcitability of intrinsic primary afferent neurons, facilitation of synaptic activity among enteric neurons, and attenuated purinergic neuromuscular transmission. Dysfunctional propulsive motility has been detected in models of colitis, where causes include the changes described above, and in models of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions, where autoantibodies are thought to mediate dysmotility. Other cells implicated in inflammation-induced neuroplasticity include muscularis macrophages and enteric glia. Targeted treatments that are discussed include 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 agonists, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, antioxidants, B cell depletion therapy, and activation of anti-inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle T. Spear
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- 2Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park CJ, Armenia SJ, Shaughnessy MP, Greig CJ, Cowles RA. Potentiation of serotonin signaling leads to increased carbohydrate and lipid absorption in the murine small intestine. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1245-1249. [PMID: 30879746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric serotonin influences intestinal homeostasis and functions as a mucosal growth factor. Previously, we demonstrated increased mucosal surface area and enhanced crypt cell proliferation in serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT)-deficient mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that serotonin-mediated mucosal growth would also result in enhanced carbohydrate and lipid absorption. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wild-type C57Bl/6 (WT) and SERT-knockout (SERTKO) mice were fasted then gavaged with D-xylose or boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) FL-C12 medium-chain fatty acid analog. Serum D-xylose and BODIPY concentrations were serially measured from blood drawn at 30 to 360 min post-gavage. Small intestine was harvested from both groups for comparison of morphometric parameters. Area under the curve of plotted graphs was calculated, and means were compared with Student's t-test to a significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS Villus height and crypt depth were significantly greater in the middle and distal small intestine of SERTKO animals compared to WT. Overall absorption of D-xylose and BODIPY was greater in SERTKO animals compared to WT animals. Absorption of D-xylose was persistently elevated in SERTKO animals, while there was an initial delay in BODIPY absorption followed by a sustained and significantly greater absorption in SERTKO animals at 60-360 min after gavage. CONCLUSION Potentiation of serotonin signaling in SERTKO mice results in small intestinal mucosal growth and enhanced carbohydrate and fat absorption in vivo. These functional increases support the concept of targeting the serotonin signaling system to augment intestinal adaptation in the setting of intestinal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Park
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sarah J Armenia
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Matthew P Shaughnessy
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Chasen J Greig
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Robert A Cowles
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery at Yale University, New Haven, CT.
| |
Collapse
|