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Trofimova ES, Zykova MV, Danilets MG, Ligacheva AA, Sherstoboev EY, Selivanova NS, Azarkina LA, Zhirkova AM, Zhang Y, Perminova IV, Zhdanov VV, Belousov MV. Effect of Modified Forms of Sodium Humate PowHumus on the Balance of Arginine in Peritoneal Macrophages of Intact Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:68-73. [PMID: 38955855 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Substances of silver nanoparticles dialyzed through a 13 kDa membrane, synthesized in a medium of humic ligands modified with hydroquinone and 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone from PowHumus brown coal, specifically enhance the M2 properties of peritoneal macrophages due to inhibition of NO synthase and significant activation of arginase, thus enhancing anti-inflammatory properties of cells. In small, but effective concentrations, they do not have cytotoxic properties and do not contain pyrogenic impurities. The studied humates are able to influence the mechanisms of immune response formation and are an effective means for correcting inflammation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Trofimova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - M V Zykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M G Danilets
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Ligacheva
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Sherstoboev
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N S Selivanova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Azarkina
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A M Zhirkova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - V V Zhdanov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Belousov
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
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Gheibi N, Samiee-Rad F, Sofiabadi M, Mosayebi E, Shalbaf Z. The effect of combining humic and fulvic acids poultice on wound healing in male rats. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2024; 17:105-111. [PMID: 38800815 PMCID: PMC11126228 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_92_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Finding new compounds to accelerate wound healing is critical today. Humic substances or fulvic acid each have anti-inflammatory properties. Aims and Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of poultice 0.5% containing humic and fulvic acids on wound healing in male rats. Materials and Methods An animal model was arranged by making a full-thickness skin wound was created in each rat. Animals were randomly divided into control, sham, and treatment groups. To investigate the effect of humic and fulvic acids combining poultice, the wound area and histological analyses of the number of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and angiogenesis were evaluated for 21 days. Results The animals in the treated group showed higher wound healing percentage, angiogenesis, and fibroblast distribution compared with the control (P < 0.001). Moreover, the topical administration of humic and fulvic acids 0.5% poultice decreased the mean number of inflammatory cells significantly than the other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The topical administration of a poultice containing humic and fulvic acid accelerated wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and fibroblast and reducing inflammatory cell distribution in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Samiee-Rad
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sofiabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Hussain A, Saeed A. Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4. [PMID: 38393486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Shilajit is a phyto-mineral diffusion and semi-solid matter used as traditional medicine with extraordinary health benefits. This study provides a comprehensive data on Shilajit with emphasis on heavy metal profile, associated toxicities, and metal detoxification mechanisms by humic substances present in Shilajit. Data was searched across papers and traditional books using Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus as key scientific databases. Findings showed that Shilajit is distributed in almost 20 regions of the world with uses against 20 health problems as traditional medicine. With various humic substances, almost 11 biological activities were reported in Shilajit. This phyto-mineral diffusion possesses around 65 heavy metals including the toxic heavy metals like Cu, Al, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg. However, humic substances in Shilajit actively detoxify around 12 heavy metals. The recommended levels of heavy metals by WHO and FDA in herbal drugs is 0.20 and 0.30 ppm for Cd, 1 ppm for Hg, 10.00 ppm for As and Pb, 20 ppm for Cu, and 50 ppm for Zn. The levels of reported metals in Shilajit were found to be lower than the permissible limits set by WHO and FDA, except in few studies where exceeded levels were reported. Shilajit consumption without knowing permissible levels of metals is not safe and could pose serious health problems. Although the humic substances and few metals in Shilajit are beneficial in terms of chelating toxic heavy metals, the data on metal detoxification still needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Saeed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
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4
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Trofimova ES, Zykova MV, Ligacheva AA, Danilets MG, Sherstoboev EY, Selivanova NS, Belousov MV, Logvinova LA, Zhdanov VV. The Role of Intracellular Signaling Molecules in Macrophage Activation by Peat Humic Acids. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:353-357. [PMID: 37563533 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids isolated by sodium pyrophosphate extraction from various types of peat activate macrophages in the classical proinflammatory pathway and stimulate nitric oxide production by these cells. This effect is mediated by activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving MAPK p38, PI3K, MEK 1/2 kinase, cAMP, and NF-κB via TLR-2 and TLR-4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Trofimova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - M V Zykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Ligacheva
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M G Danilets
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E Yu Sherstoboev
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N S Selivanova
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Belousov
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L A Logvinova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V V Zhdanov
- E. D. Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Vašková J, Stupák M, Vidová Ugurbaş M, Žatko D, Vaško L. Therapeutic Efficiency of Humic Acids in Intoxications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040971. [PMID: 37109500 PMCID: PMC10143271 DOI: 10.3390/life13040971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humins, humic and fulvic acids represent molecules with complex structures. These compounds comprising humic substances (HS) exist naturally in soil, brown coal, peat, and water. They are formed during the decomposition and transformation of organic matter (animal and plant remains) and their formation explains several theories. Within their chemical structures, there are numerous phenolic and carboxyl groups and their derivatives that affect their different properties, such as their solubility in water or their absorption of cations or mycotoxins. The manifold chemical structure of HS alters their polyelectrolyte character and thus their chelating efficiency. For many years, HS have been studied due to their detoxification, anti-, and pro-inflammatory or anticancer and antiviral ability. This article summarizes the antioxidant and adsorption properties of humic acids, highlighting their usefulness in intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Vidová Ugurbaş
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Imuna Pharm, a.s., Šarišské Michaľany, 082 22 Presov, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
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Marcinčák S, Semjon B, Marcinčáková D, Reitznerová A, Mudroňová D, Vašková J, Nagy J. Humic Substances as a Feed Supplement and the Benefits of Produced Chicken Meat. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040927. [PMID: 37109456 PMCID: PMC10146898 DOI: 10.3390/life13040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances with a high proportion of humic acids (more than 40%) have been classified by the European Commission as feed materials that can be used in animal nutrition since 2013. A protective effect on the intestinal mucosa, as well as anti-inflammatory, adsorptive and antimicrobial properties, were recorded. Nutrient absorption, nutritional status and the immune response in chickens supplemented with HSs were significantly improved. HSs have the ability to enhance protein digestion as well as the utilization of calcium and trace elements. They are known to improve feed digestibility as a result of maintaining an optimal pH in the gut, leading to lower levels of nitrogen excretion and less odor in the husbandry environment. HSs not only increase digestibility and result in greater utilization of the feed ration but also improve the overall quality of the meat produced. They increase the protein content and reduce the fat content in breast muscles. They also contribute to improving the sensory characteristics of the meat produced. Their antioxidant properties improve the oxidative stability of meat during storage. The influence of HSs on fatty acid composition may be one of the reasons that meat has a more beneficial effect on the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Boris Semjon
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dana Marcinčáková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Reitznerová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Mudroňová
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nagy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
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Natural Compounds and Products from an Anti-Aging Perspective. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207084. [PMID: 36296673 PMCID: PMC9610014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a very complex process that is accompanied by a degenerative impairment in many of the major functions of the human body over time. This inevitable process is influenced by hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environmental influences such as xenobiotic pollution, infectious agents, UV radiation, diet-borne toxins, and so on. Many external and internal signs and symptoms are related with the aging process and senescence, including skin dryness and wrinkles, atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, etc. Oxidative stress, a consequence of the imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, is one of the main provoking factors causing aging-related damages and concerns, due to the generation of highly reactive byproducts such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species during the metabolism, which result in cellular damage and apoptosis. Antioxidants can prevent these processes and extend healthy longevity due to the ability to inhibit the formation of free radicals or interrupt their propagation, thereby lowering the level of oxidative stress. This review focuses on supporting the antioxidant system of the organism by balancing the diet through the consumption of the necessary amount of natural ingredients, including vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), essential amino acids, probiotics, plants’ fibers, nutritional supplements, polyphenols, some phytoextracts, and drinking water.
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8
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Ontology-Based Model of the Antioxidant and Cell Protective Activity of Peat Humic Acids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163293. [PMID: 36015549 PMCID: PMC9412878 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peat humic acids are well known for their wide range of biological effects which can be attributed to the complex chemical structure of naturally occurring humic substances. One of the promising tools is an ontology-based quantitative analysis of the relationship between physical and chemical parameters describing a chemical structure of peat humic acids and their biological activity. This article demonstrates the feasibility of such an approach to estimate the antioxidant and cell protective properties of the peat humic acids. The structural parameters of the peat humic acids were studied by electronic, fluorescence, infrared, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, titrimetric analysis, elemental C,H,N, and O- analysis, and gel chromatography. Antioxidant and antiradical activities were assessed by physicochemical methods of analysis: electronic paramagnetic resonance, cathodic voltammetry, ABTS•+ scavenging, assay of DPPH radical-scavenging activity, assay of superoxide radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Cytoprotective activity was evaluated by the neutral red-based cytotoxicity test in 3T3-L1 cell culture in a wide range of concentrations. Assessment of intracellular ROS production was carried out using a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluoresceindiacetate (DCFDA) fluorescent probe. Intracellular ROS production was induced using two common prooxidants (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, Fe2+ ions). We suggested an ontology-based model for the antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of humic acids based on experimental data and numerical models. This model establishes the way to further research on the biological effects of humic acids and provides a useful tool for numerical simulation of these effects. Remarkable antioxidant and cell protective activity of humic acids makes them a promising natural source of new pharmaceutical substances that feature a wide range of biological effects.
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Wang D, You Z, Du Y, Zheng D, Jia H, Liu Y. Influence of Sodium Humate on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Blood Parameters, and Fecal Microflora of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010123. [PMID: 35011229 PMCID: PMC8749607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of sodium humate (NaH) on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 53-day experiment, forty healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to the following four treatment groups: (1) control (basal diet); (2) 1-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 1 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); (3) 3-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 3 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); and (4) 5-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 5 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily). NaH was mixed with milk (d 2–20) or milk replacer (d 21–53). Calves in the 5-gram NaH group had a higher ADG during d 1 to 21 and d 21 to 53 than the other groups did (p < 0.05). Fecal scores and diarrheal incidence were significantly lower in the 3-gram and 5-gram NaH groups than the 1-gram NaH and control groups during d 1 to 20 (p < 0.05). The serum IgA, IgG and IL-4 concentrations, and T-SOD and T-AOC activities were higher, and the serum IL-6, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and MDA concentrations were lower in the 5-gram NaH group than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NaH supplementation increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli in feces (p < 0.05). These encouraging findings indicated that supplementation with 5 g of NaH effectively improved the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further improved the growth performance and reduced the diarrhea incidence of the pre-weaned dairy calves.
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Strus O, Fedorovska M, Holota S, Polovko N. Development and validation of standardization methods of aqueous sapropel extract. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methodological bases and uniform standardization criteria of humic compounds as substances for drug products have not been developed yet. This is due to the structural complexity of humic compounds, the variety of ways to extract them from natural objects, the impossibility of using many classical methods of analytical chemistry to identify and quantify humic substances (HS), the lack of standard samples. The identification of humic acids (HA) in the aqueous sapropel extract (ASE) is identified after extracting from ASE by alkaline hydrolysis by the quantification method. After further precipitation with a concentrated sulfuric acid solution characteristic dark brown color is appeared. It was carried out the HA extraction from the sample of ASE, the precipitation of HA, the oxidation of HA and Mohr’s salt titration in accordance with the methodology developed on the basis of SSTU 7083:2009. It was determined that the total mass fraction of HA in the ASE sample was 83.8 mg/g± 0.12%. The methods of identification and quantification of the total mass of HA in ASE have been developed and validated. The ASE has been standardized.
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Klein OI, Kulikova NA, Konstantinov AI, Zykova MV, Perminova IV. A Systematic Study of the Antioxidant Capacity of Humic Substances against Peroxyl Radicals: Relation to Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3262. [PMID: 34641078 PMCID: PMC8512611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are natural supramolecular systems of high- and low-molecular-weight compounds with distinct immunomodulatory and protective properties. The key beneficial biological activity of HS is their antioxidant activity. However, systematic studies of the antioxidant activity of HS against biologically relevant peroxyl radicals are still scarce. The main objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant capacity (AOC) of a broad set of HS widely differing in structure using an oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. For this purpose, 25 samples of soil, peat, coal, and aquatic HS and humic-like substances were characterized using elemental analysis and quantitative 13C solution-state NMR. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify total phenol (TP) content in HS. The determined AOC values varied in the range of 0.31-2.56 μmol Trolox eqv. mg-1, which is close to the values for ascorbic acid and vitamin E. Forward stepwise regression was used to reveal the four main factors contributing to the AOC value of HS: atomic C/N ratio, content of O-substituted methine and methoxyl groups, and TP. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the dependence of the AOC of HS on both phenolic and non-phenolic moieties in their structure, including carbohydrate fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Klein
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskiy 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Kulikova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskiy 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey I. Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Maria V. Zykova
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.V.P.)
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Haus M, Žatko D, Vašková J, Vaško L. The effect of humic acid in chronic deoxynivalenol intoxication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1612-1618. [PMID: 32851525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The most common mycotoxin found in European foodstuffs, especially unprocessed grains, is deoxynivalenol (DON), which inhibits proteosynthesis and induces oxidative stress. The sorption properties of humic acids (HA) indicate a promising potential in the reduction of mycotoxin intoxication. In an experimental biomodel lasting 35 days, we investigated the effect of a dietary supplement containing HA on the antioxidant status in the liver, heart and kidney mitochondria and in the blood plasma of rats exposed to the stress factor of orally administered DON. DON was administered at doses of 100 and 200% above the maximum tolerable daily intake (1.0 μg/kg body weight/day). We evaluated the activities of the following enzymes: superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and tripeptide glutathione. Administration of DON has been shown to induce oxidative stress, the intensity of which appears to be directly dependent on the concentration of mycotoxin. Supplementation with 1% HA (10 g/kg of feed) resulted in alleviation of this stress, in which the preventive effect of HA may have been implicated partly by affecting the adsorption of DON through the GIT and limiting its bioavailability. There were also signs that it can act by actively interfering with ROS inhibition to help achieve redox homeostasis. However, there is another aspect that deserves attention, namely, the metabolism of HA. The results presented in our work suggest that the mechanism of possible metabolism occurs predominantly in the liver, including an oxidative increase in polarity and subsequent conjugation reactions mediated by the GST-GSH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haus
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 044 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 044 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 044 11, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 044 11, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Humic Acid Sodium and Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Immune Status and Antioxidant Capacity of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112104. [PMID: 33202761 PMCID: PMC7696352 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning of piglets can destroy the piglet’s intestinal health and immune function, leading to diarrhea and a reduction in growth rate eventually. Considering drug resistance and residues, new alternatives, such as sodium humate (HNa), have attracted considerable research interest over recent decades. Our study was designed to explore the effect of HNa on the growth performance, diarrhea rate, antioxidative, inflammation, and immunity of weaned piglets and the possibility of HNa replacing antibiotics and zinc oxide. The obtained results indicate that HNa reduces stress, protects the intestinal barrier, and improves the performance of weaned piglets. Abstract At present, the widespread use of high-dose zinc oxide and antibiotics to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets has caused serious environmental problems. To solve this problem, we studied the effect of HNa as a substitute for zinc oxide (ZnO) and antibiotics on the growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity of piglets. Seventy-two weaned piglets (body weight = 7.42 ± 0.85 kg, 26-d-old) were distributed in a randomized 2 × 3 factorial design (two sexes and three treatments) with six replicates of four piglets each. The three treatments were the control diet (basic diet), HNa diet (basic diet + 2000 mg/kg sodium humate), and ZoA group (basic diet + 1600 mg/kg zinc oxide + 1000 mg/kg oxytetracycline calcium). ANOVA and Chi-square tests were applied to compare the means (p < 0.05) between treatments. The results showed that body weight at 16 and 30 d and the average daily gain of piglets fed with HNa or ZoA were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group. Supplementing HNa or ZoA significantly increased (p < 0.05) the level of immunoglobulin M and G, and reduced (p < 0.05) the concentration of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and diamine oxidase (DAO). Furthermore, dietary HNa or ZnO significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the level of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with the control group. ZoA treatment showed an upward trend of IgA level and a downward trend of the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and catalase (CAT). Overall, the study demonstrated that the addition of HNa in the diet partially replaced antibiotics and ZnO to improve the growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of weaned piglets, and maintained a good preventive effect on piglet diarrhea.
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Vašková J, Vaško L, Mudroň P, Haus M, Žatko D, Krempaská K, Stupák M. Effect of humic acids on lead poisoning in bones and on a subcellular level in mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:40679-40689. [PMID: 32671699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HA) are natural substances which exhibit a remarkable spectrum of health benefits, such as their role in chelation. This study aims to supplement the current knowledge on the chelating effects of HA in chronic lead intoxication in rat femurs and in liver, heart and kidney mitochondria in an experiment lasting 10 weeks. Lead acetate trihydrate was administered to rats for 5 weeks at a daily dose of 155.5 mg/kg body weight. At the same time, rats were given three concentrations of HA, with their effect measured over the following 5 weeks. Increased Pb concentrations were detected in the femur after the first week, while HA-administered groups showed a tendency towards inhibiting the increase in Pb deposition. After 5 weeks, Pb concentrations dropped significantly in the HA groups. At the same time, however, other elements were redistributed, with a decrease in Se and Zn being particularly noteworthy. While an increase in Pb concentrations was found after 5 weeks of Pb administration, a concentration of 1% HA resulted in the least significant increase in Pb as well as an increase/decrease in Se/Cu, respectively. In mitochondria, an increase in Pb content was detected after the first and fifth weeks with concomitant redistribution of other elements. At the end of the experiment, again in the 1% HA group, Pb concentrations remained higher only in the liver with the other elements sufficiently normalized, indicating this concentration to be useful in the treatment of Pb intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Mudroň
- Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Haus
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Klára Krempaská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Stupák
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Effect of Humic Acids from Lowland Peat on Endurance of Rats in Forced Swim Test in Relation to Serum Lactate and Corticosterone. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:734-737. [PMID: 33098504 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The study substantiated the possibility of using peat humic acids for improving endurance during extreme physical exertion. The mature outbred Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g (n=40) were subjected to forced swim test until complete exhaustion. The humic acids (1%) were administered intragastrically (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) 30 min prior to the test. Chronic administration of peat humic acids for 5 days increased physical capacity and endurance of rats in exhaustive forced swim test without the changes in serum lactate and corticosterone.
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Murbach TS, Glávits R, Endres JR, Clewell AE, Hirka G, Vértesi A, Béres E, Pasics Szakonyiné I. A toxicological evaluation of a fulvic and humic acids preparation. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1242-1254. [PMID: 32995299 PMCID: PMC7505752 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicological evaluations of blk. 333 according to OECD guidelines were negative. Blk. 333 was not mutagenic in vitro and showed no in vivo genotoxic activity. The NOAEL of the 90-day study was 2000 mg/kg bw/d blk. 333—the highest dose tested. No target organs or treatment-related toxicological effects were identified. Our results are relevant to a safety assessment of human ingestion of blk. 333.
Humic substances are ubiquitous in soils and waters. These complex superstructures are derived from the decomposition of dead plant and animal matter and are vital to soil health. Their heterogenous composition is specific to their site of origin and is comprised of weakly bound aggregates of small organic compounds that can sequester minerals and make them available to plants. As such, they may possess potential nutritional value for humans, and extractions of fulvic and humic acids can be produced that could be suitable for such purposes. For this reason, we evaluated the toxicological profile of a specific preparation (blk. 333) of fulvic and humic acids derived from a lignite deposit in Alberta, Canada and found it to lack genotoxic potential in a bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mammalian micronucleus test. No general or organ toxicity was observed in Wistar rats following 90 days of continuous exposure, and a no observed adverse effect level (NOEAL) was determined at 2000 mg/kg bw/day, the highest tested dose. Our results suggest the feasibility of further evaluation for development of the preparation as a nutritional supplement in food.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- CDFA, California Department of Food and Agricultural
- Cl-HA, chlorinated humic acid
- DME, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- FA, fulvic acid
- FOB, functional observation battery
- Fulvic acid
- GLP, good laboratory practice
- HA, humic acid
- Humic acid
- MPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes
- NOAEL
- NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level
- O3-HA, ozonated humic acid
- O3/Cl2-HA, ozonated and chlorinated humic acid
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- S9, post mitochondrial supernatant S9-mix Phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver S9 metabolic activation system
- SCE, sister chromatid exchange
- SD, Sprague-Dawley
- SOP, standard operating procedure
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
- Safety
- TG, test guideline
- TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone
- Toxicity
- blk. 333
- fT4, free thyroxine
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Murbach
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 1425 Broadway, Suite 458, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Róbert Glávits
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Berlini utca 47-49, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - John R Endres
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 1425 Broadway, Suite 458, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Amy E Clewell
- AIBMR Life Sciences, Inc., 1425 Broadway, Suite 458, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Gábor Hirka
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Berlini utca 47-49, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary.,Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Adél Vértesi
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Béres
- Toxi-Coop Zrt., Arácsi út 97, 8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary
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Vašková J, Krempaská K, Žatko D, Mudroň P, Glinská G, Vaško L. Effects of Humic Acids in Chronic Lead Poisoning. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:230-242. [PMID: 29748928 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to lead causes disruption to energy production mechanisms and tissue damage, in particular through its binding to thiol groups and competition for zinc binding sites. We investigated the possibility of preventing the consequences of chronic lead poisoning by administration of three different doses of humic acids (HAs) into feed with the aim of establishing an effective HA dose. During the 10-week experiment, a sub-lethal dose of lead acetate was given to rats during the first 5 weeks, with continuous administration of HA over 10 weeks. Measurements were taken to determine the content of the metals Pb, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn; the metalloid Se; and selected antioxidant markers in the heart, liver, kidney and plasma after the first, fifth and tenth weeks of experiment. The administration of lead and HAs clearly affects the redistribution of the elements and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. This fact was particularly highlighted in the lead-only group as, within the experiment, significantly higher Pb concentrations were found only in the plasma of this group. However, in the group with 1% HA administered with lead, we observed a rise in Zn concentrations in the organs and the deposition of Fe into the liver. Decreased glutathione reductase activity in the plasma and balanced reduced glutathione concentrations indicated sufficient efficiency of redox reactions. SOD activities were among those affected most strongly, with only the 1% HA group showing no effect on heavy metal redistribution as a result of HA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janka Vašková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Klára Krempaská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Daniel Žatko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Mudroň
- Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriela Glinská
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Vaško
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Tr. SNP 1, 040 66, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Maguey-Gonzalez JA, Michel MA, Baxter MF, Tellez G, Moore PA, Solis-Cruz B, Hernández-Patlan D, Merino-Guzman R, Hernandez-Velasco X, Latorre JD, Hargis BM, Gomez-Rosales S, Tellez-Isaias G. Effect of humic acids on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction model to induce intestinal permeability in broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1002-1010. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Maguey-Gonzalez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Mexico City Mexico
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology; National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock; Ajuchitlan Queretaro Mexico
| | - Matias A. Michel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Corrientes Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo Tellez
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Philip A. Moore
- USDA-ARS; Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit; Plant Science 115; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Bruno Solis-Cruz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Mexico City Mexico
| | - Daniel Hernández-Patlan
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); Mexico City Mexico
| | - Rubén Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; UNAM; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia; UNAM; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Sergio Gomez-Rosales
- National Center of Disciplinary Research in Animal Physiology; National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock; Ajuchitlan Queretaro Mexico
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Pant K, Yadav AK, Gupta P, Rathore AS, Nayak B, Venugopal SK. Humic acid inhibits HBV-induced autophagosome formation and induces apoptosis in HBV-transfected Hep G2 cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34496. [PMID: 27708347 PMCID: PMC5052648 DOI: 10.1038/srep34496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) utilizes several mechanisms to survive in the host cells and one of the main pathways being autophagosome formation. Humic acid (HA), one of the major components of Mineral pitch, is an Ayurvedic medicinal food, commonly used by the people of the Himalayan regions of Nepal and India for various body ailments. We hypothesized that HA could induce cell death and inhibit HBV-induced autophagy in hepatic cells. Incubation of Hep G2.2.1.5 cells (HepG2 cells stably expressing HBV) with HA (100 μM) inhibited both cell proliferation and autophagosome formation significantly, while apoptosis induction was enhanced. Western blot results showed that HA incubation resulted in decreased levels of beclin-1, SIRT-1 and c-myc, while caspase-3 and β-catenin expression were up-regulated. Western blot results showed that HA significantly inhibited the expression of HBx (3-fold with 50 μM and 5-fold with 100 μM) compared to control cells. When HA was incubated with HBx-transfected Hep G2 cells, HBx-induced autophagosome formation and beclin-1 levels were decreased. These data showed that HA induced apoptosis and inhibited HBV-induced autophagosome formation and proliferation in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K. Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Singh Rathore
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthil K. Venugopal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
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Cagin YF, Sahin N, Polat A, Erdogan MA, Atayan Y, Eyol E, Bilgic Y, Seckin Y, Colak C. The Acute Effect of Humic Acid on Iron Accumulation in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:145-55. [PMID: 26380988 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Free iron leads to the formation of pro-oxidant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Humic acids (HAs) enhance permeability of cellular wall and act as a chelator through electron transferring. This study was designed to test chelator effect of HA on iron as well as its anti-oxidant effect against the iron-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The rats used were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): group I (the control group); group II (the HA group), humic acid (562 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by oral gavage; group III (the iron group), iron III hydroxide polymaltose (250 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by intraperitoneal route; and group IV (the HA plus iron group), received the iron (similar to group II) plus humic acid (similar to those in groups II and III) group. Blood and two tissue samples both from liver and heart were obtained for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Iron deposition, the iron-induced hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity were demonstrated by histopathological and biochemical manner. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum biochemical values and the histopathological results among the iron and the HA plus iron groups in the liver tissue but not in the heart tissue. The protective effects of humic acid against iron-induced cardiotoxicity were shown but not against hepatotoxicity in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Furkan Cagin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - N Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Polat
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M A Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Atayan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Eyol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Bilgic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Seckin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - C Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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de Melo BAG, Motta FL, Santana MHA. Humic acids: Structural properties and multiple functionalities for novel technological developments. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 62:967-74. [PMID: 26952503 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are macromolecules that comprise humic substances (HS), which are organic matter distributed in terrestrial soil, natural water, and sediment. HAs differ from the other HS fractions (fulvic acid and humins) in that they are soluble in alkaline media, partially soluble in water, and insoluble in acidic media. Due to their amphiphilic character, HAs form micelle-like structures in neutral to acidic conditions, which are useful in agriculture, pollution remediation, medicine and pharmaceuticals. HAs have undefined compositions that vary according to the origin, process of obtainment, and functional groups present in their structures, such as quinones, phenols, and carboxylic acids. Quinones are responsible for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HAs, which are useful for wound healing and have fungicidal/bactericidal properties. Phenols and carboxylic acids deprotonate in neutral and alkaline media and are responsible for various other functions, such as the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HAs. In particular, the presence of phenolic groups in HAs provides antioxidant properties due to their free radical scavenging capacity. This paper describes the main multifunctionalities of HAs associated with their structures and properties, focusing on human health applications, and we note perspectives that may lead to novel technological developments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to address this topic from this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Alice Gomes de Melo
- Development of Biotechnological Processes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lopes Motta
- Development of Biotechnological Processes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Andrade Santana
- Development of Biotechnological Processes Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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The effects of adding agrimony and sage extracts to water on blood biochemistry and meat quality of broiler chickens. ACTA VET BRNO 2015. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201584020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine the effects of supplementation of agrimony extract (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) and a combination of agrimony with sage extract (Salvia officinalis L.) to water during the fattening period of broiler chickens on selected biochemical and antioxidant indicators in blood, and on the nutritional composition and oxidative stability of meat. A total of 117 Cobb 500 chicks were randomly divided on the day of hatching into three groups (n = 39 in each) and fattened for 42 days. All groups were fed the same diets. In experimental group A water was supplemented with agrimony extract (0.2%). In experimental group AS water was supplemented with a combination of agrimony (0.1%) and sage (0.1%) extracts. Group C was control without supplementation. The total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and malondialdehyde in serum were decreased (P < 0.05), dry matter and fat content in meat were increased (P < 0.05) in group A. The activity of superoxide dismutase in blood and the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in thigh meat on days 1 and 8 of storage under chilling conditions were lower (P < 0.05) in both experimental groups compared to control. Our results indicate that supplementation of agrimony and sage extract to water can beneficially influence the antioxidant status as well as oxidative stability of thigh meat and thus improve meat quality. This is a first similar study comparing addition of plant extracts to water in broiler nutrition.
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van Rensburg CEJ. The Antiinflammatory Properties of Humic Substances: A Mini Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:791-5. [PMID: 25732236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humic substances are effective in the suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity, rat paw oedema, a graft-versus-host reaction and contact hypersensitivity in rats. They reduce the C-reactive protein levels of patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee and the wheel and flare reaction of patients suffering from hay fever. They have also been described as cardioprotective and pro-angiogenic. Toxicity studies have indicated that potassium humate is safe in humans up to a daily dosage of 1 g/kg, whereas fulvic acid is safe in humans up to a daily dosage of 1.8 g per adult. The antiinflammatory action of potassium humate can be contributed to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory-related cytokines, an adhesion molecule, oxidants and components of the complement system.
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Humic acid and moderate hypoxia alter oxidative and physiological parameters in different tissues of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:469-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Biodegradation of Leonardite by an alkali-producing bacterial community and characterization of the degraded products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2581-90. [PMID: 22075634 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three bacterial communities were obtained from 12 Leonardite samples with the aim of identifying a clean, effective, and economic technique for the dissolution of Leonardite, a type of low-grade coal, in the production of humic acid (HA). The biodegradation ability and characteristics of the degraded products of the most effective bacterial community (MCSL-2), which degraded 50% of the Leonardite within 21 days, were further investigated. Analyses of elemental composition, (13)C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared revealed that the contents of C, O, and aliphatic carbon were similar in biodegraded humic acid (bHA) and chemically (alkali) extracted humic acid (cHA). However, the N and carboxyl carbon contents of bHA was higher than that of cHA. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between the degradation efficiency and the increasing pH of the culture medium, while increases of manganese peroxidase and esterase activities were also observed. These data demonstrated that both alkali production and enzyme reactions were involved in Leonardite solubilization by MCSL-2, although the former mechanism predominated. No fungus was observed by microscopy. Only four bacterial phylotypes were recognized, and Bacillus licheniformis-related bacteria were identified as the main group in MCSL-2 by analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes, thus demonstrating that Leonardite degradation ability has a limited distribution in bacteria. Hormone-like bioactivities of bHA were also detected. In this study, a bacterial community capable of Leonardite degradation was identified and the products characterized. These data implicate the use of such bacteria for the exploitation of Leonardite as a biofertilizer.
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