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Xu N, Ijaz M, Shu Y, Wang P, Ma L, Wang P, Ding H, Shahbaz M, Shi H. The in vivo study on antioxidant activity of wendan decoction in treating hyperlipidemia: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1260603. [PMID: 38323083 PMCID: PMC10844532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1260603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Wendan Decoction (WDD) is a six-herb Chinese medicine recipe that was first mentioned in about 652 AD. It is frequently used to treat hyperlipidemic patients' clinical complaints. According to reports, oxidative stress has a significant role in hyperlipidemia. Purpose: There has not yet been a thorough pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) examination of the clinical efficacy of WDD in the context of hyperlipemia-related oxidative stress. Therefore, the goal of this research is to explore the antioxidant essence of WDD by developing a PK-PD model, ordering to assure its implication in treating hyperlipidemia in medical practice. Methods: The model rats of foodborne hyperlipidemia were established by feeding with high-fat feed, and the lipid-lowering effect of WDD was explored. The plasma drug concentration of rats at different doses were measured by UPL-MS/MS technology, and PK parameters were calculated using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software. The level of lipid peroxide (LPO) in plasma at different time points was measured by enzyme labeling instrument. Finally, the PK-PD model was established by using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1 software, to explore the lipid-lowering effect of WDD and the relation between the dynamic changes of chemical components and antioxidant effect. Results: The findings suggested that, WDD can reduce the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was related to the dosage. Between the peak drug levels and the WDD's maximal therapeutic response, there existed a hysteresis. WDD's effect-concentration curves displayed a counterclockwise delaying loop. Alternatively, among the ten components of WDD, hesperetin, quercetin, naringenin and tangeretin might exert more significant effects in regulating the LPO levels in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion: This study can be helpful for other investigators to study the lipid-lowering effect of WDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shandong Research Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- The Faculty of Medicine, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- The Faculty of Medicine, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yishuo Shu
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shandong Research Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shandong Research Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hailing Ding
- The Faculty of Medicine, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shandong Research Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Digital Human Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- The Faculty of Medicine, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
- Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Jinan, China
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You XL, Zhao ML, Liu YR, Tang ZS, Zhao YT, Yan-Liu, Song ZX. Hypericum perforatum L. protects against renal function decline in ovariectomy rat model by regulating expressions of NOS3 and AKT1 in AGE-RAGE pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155160. [PMID: 37984122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericum perforatum L. (HPL) is a potential traditional Chinese medicine. It could promotes menopausal 'kidney-yin deficiency syndrome' that characterized by renal function decline. However, its potential pharmacological effect and mechanism remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether HPL can improve menopausal renal function decline and to explore its mechanism of action. METHODS The mainly ingredients of HPL were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS approach, and the potential therapeutic targets of HPL for renal function decline were chose via network pharmacology technique. The key therapeutic metabolites were selected through non-targeted metabolomic and chemometric methods. Then, the network were constructed and the key targets and metabolites were screened. At last, the validation experiments and mechanism exploring were adopted by using Immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting assays. RESULTS mainly ingredients of HPL were identified and determined 17 compounds and 29 targets were chose as mainly active compounds and potential therapeutic targets. Based on OVX induced renal decline rat model, after chemometric analysis, 59 endo-metabolites were selected as key therapeutic metabolites, and AGE-RAGE signal pathway in diabetes complications was enriched as the key pathway. By constructing a "disease-component-target" network, Hyperoside, Quercetrin, and quinic were selected as the key therapeutic compounds, and the AKT1 and NOS3 were selected as the key therapeutic targets. The results of ELISA, RT-PCR and western blot experiments indicated that HPL could rescue the abnormal expressions both of AKT1 and NOS3, as well as their related metabolites distortion. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that HPL regulated expression of AKT1 and NOS3 through modulating AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in OVX stimulated rats` renal dysfunction, implicating the potential values of HPL in menopause syndromes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian You
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China
| | - Meng-Li Zhao
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan-Ru Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China; Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,100700, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ting Zhao
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan-Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712083, Xianyang, China
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Shi Y, Shi X, Zhao M, Ma S, Zhang Y. Pharmacological potential of Astragali Radix for the treatment of kidney diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155196. [PMID: 37952410 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, the incidence of kidney diseases is also increasing, resulting in a serious public burden. Conventional treatments for kidney diseases have unsatisfactory effects and are associated with adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicines have good curative effects and advantages over conventional treatments for preventing and treating kidney diseases. Astragali Radix is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used to treat kidney diseases. PURPOSE To review the potential applications and molecular mechanisms underlying the renal protective effects of Astragali Radix and its components and to provide direction and reference for new therapeutic strategies and future research and development of Astragali Radix. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched using keywords, including "Astragali Radix," "Astragalus," "Astragaloside IV" (AS-IV), "Astragali Radix polysaccharide" (APS), and "kidney diseases." Reports on the effects of Astragali Radix and its components on kidney diseases were identified and reviewed. RESULTS The main components of Astragali Radix with kidney-protective properties include AS-IV, APS, calycosin, formononetin, and hederagenin. Astragali Radix and its active components have potential pharmacological effects for the treatment of kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive renal damage, chronic glomerulonephritis, and kidney stones. The pharmacological effects of Astragali Radix are manifested through the inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as the regulation of autophagy. CONCLUSION Astragali Radix is a promising drug candidate for treating kidney diseases. However, current research is limited to animal and cell studies, underscoring the need for further verifications using high-quality clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiujie Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.
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Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Ameliorate Hypertensive Renal Damage through lncRNA-mRNA Coexpression Network. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3002353. [PMID: 36119929 PMCID: PMC9481330 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3002353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
lncRNAs and mRNA are closely associated with hypertensive renal damage, and Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza (AS) have a therapeutic effect; however, the mechanism of AS to ameliorate hypertensive renal damage through the co-expression network of lncRNA-mRNA was unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of AS regulated the coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA in improving hypertensive renal damage. Sixteen 24-week old spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into model group (M) and drug intervention group (AS, 5.9 g/kg), 8 Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) of the same age as normal group (N). The treatment of rats was 4 weeks. Detecting the change of blood pressure, renal pathology and renal function related indicators, and lncRNA and mRNA sequencing and joint analysis was performed on the kidney. AS reduced blood pressure; decreased urine NAG, urine mALB, serum CysC, and IL-6; and improved renal pathology compared with group M. Simultaneously, AS reversed the disordered expression of 178 differential expression (DE) mRNAs and 237 DE-lncRNAs in SHRs, and their joint analysis showed that 13 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-lncRNAs were coexpressed. Further analysis of 13 coexpressed DE-mRNAs showed negative regulation of blood pressure and fatty acid beta-oxidation was highly enriched in GO pathways, PPAR signaling pathway was highly enriched in KEGG pathways, and the verification related to these pathways was also highly consistent with the sequence. AS can alleviate hypertensive renal damage through the coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA, of which coexpressed 13 DE-mRNAs and 32 DE-lncRNAs were the important targets, and the pathway negative regulation of blood pressure, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and PPAR signaling pathway play a major regulatory role.
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Qin Y, Li G, Chen J, Qin S, Wang S, Chen S. Effects of Valsartan on LN, FN, MDA, Renal Tissue Fibrosis, and Inflammatory Infiltration in DN Rats. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:6473393. [PMID: 36017014 PMCID: PMC9371816 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6473393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of valsartan on laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), malondialdehyde (MDA), renal tissue fibrosis, and inflammatory infiltration in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats are explored. A total of 42 SPF male Sprague D (SD) rats are selected and randomly divided into normal set, model set, valsartan low-dose and high-dose sets, and metformin set with 7 rats in each set. The kidney tissue of all rats is collected after administration. The standard of protein mRNA in kidney tissues is detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and the protein standard in kidney tissues is detected by western blot. The experimental results show that the application of valsartan to DN rats can effectively relieve the morphology of the rat kidney tissue, enhance the protein expression in the kidney tissue of the DN rats, and reduce the fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration of the kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Qin
- Department of Basic Medica, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Gugangzhi Li
- Department of Basic Medica, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Shuangli Qin
- Department of Basic Medica, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Basic Medica, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223005, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Basic Medica, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223005, China
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Wang S, Ju Y, Gao L, Miao Y, Qiao H, Wang Y. The fruit fly kidney stone models and their application in drug development. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09232. [PMID: 35399385 PMCID: PMC8987614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a global problem affecting about 12% of the world population. Novel treatments to control this disease have a huge demand. Here we argue that the fruit fly, as an emerging kidney stone model, can provide a platform for the discovery of new drugs. The renal system of fruit fly (Malpighian tubules) is similar to the mammalian renal tubules in both function and structure. Different fruit fly models for different types of kidney stones including calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, xanthine stones, uric acid stone, and calcium phosphate (CaP) stones have been successfully established through dietary or genetic approaches in the last ten years, notably improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms of kidney stone diseases. The fruit fly CaOx stones model, which is mediated by treatment with dietary lithogenic agents, is also one of the most potential models for drug development. Various potential antilithogenic agents have been identified using this model, including new chemical compounds and medicinal plants. The fruit fly kidney stone models also afford opportunities to study the therapeutic mechanism of these drugs in deeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Wang
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Ju
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Lujuan Gao
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaodong Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300250, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
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Chu F, Yan X, Xiong X, Zhou M, Tan Y, Li Y, Liu W, Liu H. Traditional Chinese Medicine Shen-Yuan-Dan (SYD) Improves Hypoxia-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats by Upregulating miR-24/Bim Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:5804187. [PMID: 35154347 PMCID: PMC8831054 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5804187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of malignant arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden death. However, safe and effective drugs for the treatment of AMI are unavailable to date. The present study aimed to investigate the role of traditional Chinese medicine shen-yuan-dan (SYD) in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal rats. In addition, the study explored the possible mechanism through which SYD could reduce myocardial ischemia apoptosis and regulate the expression of the miR-24/Bim pathway. Methods: Hypoxia-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used for the experiments. These cardiomyocytes were transfected with an miR-24 mimic and an miR-24 inhibitor and then cocultured with SYD-containing serum. MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, AnnexinV/PI double staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining were used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, the expression level of Bim in the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes was determined through western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: After 48 h of hypoxia, LDH and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activities increased, cell viability decreased, and miR-24 expression upregulated in the cardiomyocytes. SYD alleviated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury, decreased LDH and CPK activities, increased cell viability, and reduced apoptosis in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, SYD could upregulate miR-24 expression and downregulate Bim expression. Upregulation of miR-24 expression significantly enhanced the effect of SYD, thereby improving myocardial cell apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis confirmed that Bim was a direct target of miR-24. Conclusion: SYD treatment reduces hypoxia-induced myocardial apoptosis by upregulating miR-24 expression. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic potential of SYD in promoting the recovery of myocardial function and delaying the incidence of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xue Yan
- Department of Psychology and Sleep Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingjiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mingxue Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Community Healthcare Center of Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, China
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Du H, Xiao G, Xue Z, Li Z, He S, Du X, Zhou Z, Cao L, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zhu Y. QiShenYiQi ameliorates salt-induced hypertensive nephropathy by balancing ADRA1D and SIK1 expression in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111941. [PMID: 34328102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a leading risk factor for developing kidney disease. Current single-target antihypertensive drugs are not effective for hypertensive nephropathy, in part due to its less understood mechanism of pathogenesis. We recently showed that QiShenYiQi (QSYQ), a component-based cardiovascular Chinese medicine, is also effective for ischemic stroke. Given the important role of the brain-heart-kidney axis in blood pressure control, we hypothesized that QSYQ may contribute to blood pressure regulation and kidney protection in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. METHODS The therapeutic effects of QSYQ on blood pressure and kidney injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed with high salt for 9 weeks were evaluated by tail-cuff blood pressure monitoring, renal histopathological examination and biochemical indicators in urine and serum. RNA-seq was conducted to identify QSYQ regulated genes in hypertensive kidney, and RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis were performed to verify the transcriptomics results and validate the purposed mechanisms. RESULTS QSYQ treatment significantly decreased blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, alleviated renal tissue damage, reduced renal interstitial fibrosis and collagen deposition, and improved renal physiological function. RNA-seq and subsequent bioinformatic analysis showed that the expression of ADRA1D and SIK1 genes were among the most prominently altered by QSYQ in salt-sensitive hypertensive rat kidney. RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results confirmed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (ADRA1D) in the kidney tissue of the QSYQ-treated rats were markedly down-regulated, while the mRNA and protein levels of salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) were significantly increased. CONCLUSION QSYQ not only lowered blood pressure, but also alleviated renal damage via reducing the expression of ADRA1D and increasing the expression of SIK1 in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhixiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Zhengchan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Linghua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Identification of Hypertension Subgroups through Topological Analysis of Symptom-Based Patient Similarity. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 27:656-665. [PMID: 34060025 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain the subtypes of the clinical hypertension population based on symptoms and to explore the relationship between hypertension and comorbidities. METHODS The data set was collected from the Chinese medicine (CM) electronic medical records of 33,458 hypertension inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2014 and May 2017. Then, a hypertension disease comorbidity network (HDCN) was built to investigate the complicated associations between hypertension and their comorbidities. Moreover, a hypertension patient similarity network (HPSN) was constructed with patients' shared symptoms, and 7 main hypertension patient subgroups were identified from HPSN with a community detection method to exhibit the characteristics of clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. In addition, the significant symptoms, diseases, CM syndromes and pathways of each main patient subgroup were obtained by enrichment analysis. RESULTS The significant symptoms and diseases of these patient subgroups were associated with different damaged target organs of hypertension. Additionally, the specific phenotypic features (symptoms, diseases, and CM syndromes) were consistent with specific molecular features (pathways) in the same patient subgroup. CONCLUSION The utility and comprehensiveness of disease classification based on community detection of patient networks using shared CM symptom phenotypes showed the importance of hypertension patient subgroups.
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Hou G, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Zhao M, Chen Y, Ren Y, Wang C, Li W. Mechanism of Radix Astragali and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Ameliorates Hypertensive Renal Damage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5598351. [PMID: 33969119 PMCID: PMC8084651 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5598351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive-induced renal damage (HRD) is an important public health and socioeconomic problem worldwide. The herb pair Radix Astragali- (RA-) Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RS) is a common prescribed herbal formula for the treatment of HRD. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of our study is to explore the mechanism of combination of Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RS) ameliorating HRD by regulation of the renal sympathetic nerve. Thirty 24-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as the experimental group were randomly divided into the RA group, the RS group, the RA+RS group, the valsartan group, and the SHR group and six age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) as the control group. After 4 weeks of corresponding drug administration, venipuncture was done to collect blood and prepare serum for analysis. A color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to observe renal hemodynamics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), angiotensin II (Ang II), and B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Simultaneously, the kidneys were removed immediately and observed under a transmission electron microscope to observe the ultrastructural changes. And the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1), and nitric oxide (NO) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that renal ultrasonography of rats showed no significant difference in renal size among groups. The RA+RS group had obviously decreased vascular resistance index. The levels of NE, E, BNP, Ang II, AT1, and TGF-β1 were decreased (P < 0.05), and the density of NO was increased. Pathological damage of the kidney was alleviated. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested sympathetic overexpression in the pathogenesis of HRD. The combination of RA and RS may inhibit the hyperexcitability of sympathetic nerves and maintain the normal physiological structure and function of kidney tissue and has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Hou
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yuehua Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yuekun Zheng
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Rizhao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Yuanzhen Chen
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yonghao Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Congan Wang
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
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Dong Z, Dai H, Feng Z, Liu W, Gao Y, Liu F, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Dong X, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Du J, Liu B. Mechanism of herbal medicine on hypertensive nephropathy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:234. [PMID: 33537809 PMCID: PMC7893801 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy is the most common complication of hypertension, and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in numerous countries. The basic pathological feature of hypertensive nephropathy is arteriolosclerosis followed by renal parenchymal damage. The etiology of this disease is complex, and its pathogenesis is mainly associated with renal hemodynamic changes and vascular remodeling. Despite the increased knowledge on the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephropathy, the current clinical treatment methods are still not effective in preventing the development of the disease to ESRD. Herbal medicine, which is used to relieve symptoms, can improve hypertensive nephropathy through multiple targets. Since there are few clinical studies on the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy with herbal medicine, this article aims to review the progress on the basic research on the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy with herbal medicine, including regulation of the renin angiotensin system, inhibition of sympathetic excitation, antioxidant stress and anti-inflammatory protection of endothelial cells, and improvement of obesity-associated factors. Herbal medicine with different components plays a synergistic and multi-target role in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy. The description of the mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy will contribute towards the progress of modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaocheng Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Dai
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 101300, P.R. China
| | - Zhandong Feng
- Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital Pinggu Hospital, Beijing 101200, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Qihan Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jieli Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Baoli Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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Martinez-Arroyo O, Ortega A, Perez-Hernandez J, Chaves FJ, Redon J, Cortes R. The Rab-Rabphilin system in injured human podocytes stressed by glucose overload and angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F178-F191. [PMID: 32567349 PMCID: PMC7473899 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00077.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury in hypertension and diabetes entails, among in other structures, damage in a key cell of the glomerular filtration barrier, the podocyte. Podocytes are polarized and highly differentiated cells in which vesicular transport, partly driven by Rab GTPases, is a relevant process. The aim of the present study was to analyze Rab GTPases of the Rab-Rabphilin system in human immortalized podocytes and the impact of high glucose and angiotensin II. Furthermore, alterations of the system in urine cell pellets from patients with hypertension and diabetes were studied. Apoptosis was analyzed in podocytes, and mRNA level quantification, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence were developed to quantify podocyte-specific molecules and Rab-Rabphilin components (Rab3A, Rab27A, and Rabphilin3A). Quantitative RT-PCR was performed on urinary cell pellet from patients. The results showed that differentiated cells had reduced protein levels of the Rab-rabphillin system compared with undifferentiated cells. After glucose overload and angiotensin II treatment, apoptosis was increased and podocyte-specific proteins were reduced. Rab3A and Rab27A protein levels were increased under glucose overload, and Rabphilin3A decreased. Furthermore, this system exhibited higher levels under stress conditions in a manner of angiotensin II dose and time treatment. Immunofluorescence imaging indicated different expression patterns of podocyte markers and Rab27A under treatments. Finally, Rab3A and Rab27A were increased in patient urine pellets and showed a direct relationship with albuminuria. Collectively, these results suggest that the Rab-Rabphilin system could be involved in the alterations observed in injured podocytes and that a mechanism may be activated to reduce damage through the vesicular transport enhancement directed by this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Perez-Hernandez
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe J Chaves
- Genomics and Diabetes Unit, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Redon
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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