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Upadhyay A, Pal D, Gupta PK, Kumar A. Antimicrobial therapeutic protein extraction from fruit waste and recent trends in their utilization against infections. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024:10.1007/s00449-024-03037-w. [PMID: 38822156 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Fruits are a very good source of various nutrients that can boost overall human health. In these days, the recovery of therapeutic compounds from different fruit wastes is trending in research, which might not only minimize the waste problem but also encounter a higher demand for various enzymes that could have antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. The goal of this review is to focus on the recovery of therapeutic enzymes from fruit wastes and its present-day tendency for utilization. Here we discussed different parts of fruit waste, such as pulp, pomace, seed, kernel, peel, etc., that produce therapeutic enzymes like amylase, cellulose, lipase, laccase, pectinase, etc. These bioactive enzymes are present in different parts of fruit and could be used as therapeutics against various infectious diseases. This article provides a thorough knowledge compilation of therapeutic enzyme isolation from fruit waste on a single platform, distinctly informative, and significant review work on the topic that is envisioned to encourage further research ideas in these areas that are still under-explored. This paper explains the various aspects of enzyme isolation from fruit and vegetable waste and their biotherapeutic potential that could provide new insights into the development of biotherapeutics and attract the attention of researchers to enhance translational research magnitude further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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Anjum V, Bagale U, Kadi A, Malinin A, Potoroko I, Alharbi AH, Khafaga DS, AlMetwally M, Qenawy AST, Anjum A, Ali F. Process Optimization of Tinospora cordifolia Extract-Loaded Water in Oil Nanoemulsion Developed by Ultrasound-Assisted Homogenization. Molecules 2024; 29:1797. [PMID: 38675617 PMCID: PMC11052499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are gaining interest in a variety of products as a means of integrating easily degradable bioactive compounds, preserving them from oxidation, and increasing their bioavailability. However, preparing stable emulsion compositions with the desired characteristics is a difficult task. The aim of this study was to encapsulate the Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract (TCAE) into a water in oil (W/O) nanoemulsion and identify its critical process and formulation variables, like oil (27-29.4 mL), the surfactant concentration (0.6-3 mL), and sonication amplitude (40% to 100%), using response surface methodology (RSM). The responses of this formulation were studied with an analysis of the particle size (PS), free fatty acids (FFAs), and encapsulation efficiency (EE). In between, we have studied a fishbone diagram that was used to measure risk and preliminary research. The optimized condition for the formation of a stable nanoemulsion using quality by design was surfactant (2.43 mL), oil concentration (27.61 mL), and sonication amplitude (88.6%), providing a PS of 171.62 nm, FFA content of 0.86 meq/kg oil and viscosity of 0.597 Pa.s for the blank sample compared to the enriched TCAE nanoemulsion with a PS of 243.60 nm, FFA content of 0.27 meq/kg oil and viscosity of 0.22 Pa.s. The EE increases with increasing concentrations of TCAE, from 56.88% to 85.45%. The RSM response demonstrated that both composition variables had a considerable impact on the properties of the W/O nanoemulsion. Furthermore, after the storage time, the enriched TCAE nanoemulsion showed better stability over the blank nanoemulsion, specially the FFAs, and the blank increased from 0.142 to 1.22 meq/kg oil, while TCAE showed 0.266 to 0.82 meq/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varisha Anjum
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (U.B.); (A.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Uday Bagale
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (U.B.); (A.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (U.B.); (A.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Artem Malinin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (U.B.); (A.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Irina Potoroko
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia; (U.B.); (A.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Amal H. Alharbi
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Doaa Sami Khafaga
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Marawa AlMetwally
- Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning Lab, Shenzhen 518000, China; (M.A.); (A.-S.T.Q.)
| | - Al-Seyday T. Qenawy
- Intelligent Systems and Machine Learning Lab, Shenzhen 518000, China; (M.A.); (A.-S.T.Q.)
| | - Areefa Anjum
- Department of Ilmul Advia, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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Zaim SNN, Idris DR, Abdul Rahman H. COVID-19 home remedy consumption and perceived effectiveness among adult population in Brunei Darussalam: a PLS-SEM approach. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:82. [PMID: 38347546 PMCID: PMC10860244 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 affects the respiratory system and causes severe acute respiratory infections. Several cultures have influenced the use of home remedies to ease mild symptoms of COVID-19 sometimes alongside conventional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the usage of COVID-19 home remedies among the adult population in Brunei. METHODS The study design was a cross-sectional study using an online survey and distributed nationwide. The statistical analysis of the data included descriptive statistics describing the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, their experience with COVID-19 infection, consumption of general home remedies and COVID-19 home remedy, their practice of COVID-19 home remedy use, and their attitude towards the general use of home remedy. Sub-group analysis including Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test was computed for the variables in relation to the COVID-19 home remedy use and the perceived effectiveness of the types of home remedy. Multivariate analysis including Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied to determine the correlations between the factors and outcomes measured. P-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. RESULTS There was a total of 864 eligible responses included in the study. The primary findings showed COVID-19 home remedy was used by 72.2% of the study participants. Most frequently used types of COVID-19 home remedy were cloves (37%), lemon (37%), and honey (23%). There was an infrequent usage of coconut (4.6%), eucalyptus oil (3.7%), habbatussauda (3.5%), traditional/ herbal cough syrup (2.4%), and turmeric (2.2%). The PLS-SEM demonstrated that 'Experience' appears to be a central endogenous variable that affects the decision on the use of COVID-19 home remedy. This relationship is mediated by 'Safety', 'Source', and 'Opinion' which have significant contributions to the outcome, accounting for 98.2% of the variance explained (R-square = 0.982). CONCLUSIONS The outcome of this study establishes the baseline prevalence of COVID-19 home remedy consumption among Bruneian residents and compared the previous study on Brunei's general use of traditional medicine. The present findings could help nurses and other healthcare professionals in Brunei understand the practice of Bruneian adults on the consumption of home remedies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nurzaimah Nazhirah Zaim
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link Road, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Deeni Rudita Idris
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link Road, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hanif Abdul Rahman
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link Road, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Zhang SX, Chen XX, Zheng Y, Cai BH, Shi W, Ru M, Li H, Zhang DD, Tian Y, Chen YL. Reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is associated with the use of Seven-Flavor Herb Tea: A multi-center observational study in Shanghai, China. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023:S2095-4964(23)00047-X. [PMID: 37380565 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omicron, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, is responsible for numerous infections in China. This study investigates the association between the use of Seven-Flavor Herb Tea (SFHT) and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to develop precise and differentiated strategies for control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS This case-control study was conducted at shelter hospitals and quarantine hotels in China. A total of 5348 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled between April 1 and May 31, 2022, while 2190 uninfected individuals served as healthy controls. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics, underlying diseases, vaccination status, and use of SFHT. Patients were propensity-score-matched using 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching of the logit of the propensity score. Subsequently, a conditional logistic regression model was used for data analysis. RESULTS Overall, 7538 eligible subjects were recruited, with an average age of [45.54 ± 16.94] years. The age of COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than that of uninfected individuals ([48.25 ± 17.48] years vs [38.92 ± 13.41] years; t = 22.437, P < 0.001). A total of 2190 COVID-19 cases were matched with uninfected individuals at a 1:1 ratio. The use of SFHT (odds ratio = 0.753, 95% confidence interval: 0.692, 0.820) was associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to untreated individuals. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that taking SFHT reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a useful study in the larger picture of COVID-19 management, but data from large-sample multi-center, randomized clinical trial are warranted to confirm the finding. Please cite this article as: Zhang SX, Chen XX, Zheng Y, Cai BH, Shi W, Ru M, Li H, Zhang DD, Tian Y, Chen YL. Reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is associated with the use of Seven-Flavor Herb Tea: a multi-center observational study in Shanghai, China. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xian Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Chen
- Medical Affairs Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Medical Affairs Department of Minhang District Health Committee, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Bing-Hua Cai
- Medical Affairs Department of Fengxian District Health Committee, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Medical Affairs Department of Jinshan District Health Committee, Shanghai 200540, China
| | - Ming Ru
- Medical Affairs Department of Xuhui District Health Committee, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Medical Affairs Department of Changning District Health Committee, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Medical Affairs Department, Jinshan TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai 201501, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Medical Affairs Department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yue-Lai Chen
- Sleep Medicine Center, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Harahap D, Niaci S, Mardina V, Zaura B, Qanita I, Purnama A, Puspita K, Rizki DR, Iqhrammullah M. Antibacterial activities of seven ethnomedicinal plants from family Annonaceae. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:148-153. [PMID: 35935693 PMCID: PMC9355059 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_111_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious threat to human health caused by bacterial infection persists as a global concern. It becomes more serious when the burden of multidrug-resistance bacteria is in the increasing trend. To overcome, researches have been conducted to develop antibacterial agents from plant-derived bioactive compounds. This review article focuses on the antibacterial activities of plant extracts from seven Annonaceae members, namely Annona muricata, Annona reticulata, Annona squamosa, Cananga odorata, Annona hypoglauca, Polyalthia longifolia, and Xylopia aethiopica. First, ethnomedical uses of the aforementioned plants are discussed and followed by the screening results of related phytochemicals. Among many secondary metabolites contained in the extracts of Annonaceae spp., anonaine, nornuciferine, and liriodenine are common and bioactive. The extracts were reported to have bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against a wide spectrum of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella dysenteriae. We conclude that investigation on the extracts from Annonaceae spp. could contribute to the development of antibacterial agents that could be used against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diannita Harahap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Niaci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Vivi Mardina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Samudra, Langsa, Indonesia
| | - Bintang Zaura
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Intan Qanita
- School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Agnia Purnama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Kana Puspita
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Diva Rayyan Rizki
- School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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