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Ivanov I, Boedhoe PSW, Abe Y, Alonso P, Ameis SH, Arnold PD, Balachander S, Baker JT, Banaj N, Bargalló N, Batistuzzo MC, Benedetti F, Beucke JC, Bollettini I, Brem S, Brennan BP, Buitelaar J, Calvo R, Cheng Y, Cho KIK, Dallaspezia S, Denys D, Diniz JB, Ely BA, Feusner JD, Ferreira S, Fitzgerald KD, Fontaine M, Gruner P, Hanna GL, Hirano Y, Hoexter MQ, Huyser C, Ikari K, James A, Jaspers-Fayer F, Jiang H, Kathmann N, Kaufmann C, Kim M, Koch K, Kwon JS, Lázaro L, Liu Y, Lochner C, Marsh R, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mataix-Cols D, Menchón JM, Minuzzi L, Morer A, Morgado P, Nakagawa A, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Narayanaswamy JC, Nurmi EL, Oh S, Perriello C, Piacentini JC, Picó-Pérez M, Piras F, Piras F, Reddy YCJ, Manrique DR, Sakai Y, Shimizu E, Simpson HB, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Stern ER, Stevens MC, Stewart SE, Szeszko PR, Tolin DF, van Rooij D, Veltman DJ, van der Werf YD, van Wingen GA, Venkatasubramanian G, Walitza S, Wang Z, Watanabe A, Wolters LH, Xu X, Yun JY, Zarei M, Zhang F, Zhao Q, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, van den Heuvel OA, O'Neill J. Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:204-216. [PMID: 36041582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widely used psychotropic medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may change the volumes of subcortical brain structures, and differently in children vs. adults. We measured subcortical volumes cross-sectionally in patients finely stratified for age taking various common classes of OCD drugs. METHODS The ENIGMA-OCD consortium sample (1081 medicated/1159 unmedicated OCD patients and 2057 healthy controls aged 6-65) was divided into six successive 6-10-year age-groups. Individual structural MRIs were parcellated automatically using FreeSurfer into 8 regions-of-interest (ROIs). ROI volumes were compared between unmedicated and medicated patients and controls, and between patients taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), tricyclics (TCs), antipsychotics (APs), or benzodiazepines (BZs) and unmedicated patients. RESULTS Compared to unmedicated patients, volumes of accumbens, caudate, and/or putamen were lower in children aged 6-13 and adults aged 50-65 with OCD taking SRIs (Cohen's d = -0.24 to -0.74). Volumes of putamen, pallidum (d = 0.18-0.40), and ventricles (d = 0.31-0.66) were greater in patients aged 20-29 receiving APs. Hippocampal volumes were smaller in patients aged 20 and older taking TCs and/or BZs (d = -0.27 to -1.31). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that TCs and BZs could potentially aggravate hippocampal atrophy of normal aging in older adults with OCD, whereas SRIs may reduce striatal volumes in young children and older adults. Similar to patients with psychotic disorders, OCD patients aged 20-29 may experience subcortical nuclear and ventricular hypertrophy in relation to APs. Although cross-sectional, present results suggest that commonly prescribed agents exert macroscopic effects on subcortical nuclei of unknown relation to therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pino Alonso
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Srinivas Balachander
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Justin T Baker
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Image Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo C Batistuzzo
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Methods and Techniques in Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan C Beucke
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brian P Brennan
- McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara Dallaspezia
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juliana B Diniz
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Benjamin A Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie D Feusner
- Division of Neurosciences & Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sónia Ferreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martine Fontaine
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregory L Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Marcelo Q Hoexter
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas, IPQ HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chaim Huyser
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Keisuke Ikari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Anthony James
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Fern Jaspers-Fayer
- Britsh Columbia Children's Hospital, BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kaufmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine Lochner
- SAMRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Health Care, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Astrid Morer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Morgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Akiko Nakagawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Erika L Nurmi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanghoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chris Perriello
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - John C Piacentini
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, Clinical Academic Center, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Y C Janardhan Reddy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Daniela Rodriguez Manrique
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratiry Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Blair Simpson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noam Soreni
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Service, Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, Offord Center of Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, CIBERSAM, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona- UB, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Stevens
- Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Britsh Columbia Children's Hospital, BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David F Tolin
- Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Anri Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lidewij H Wolters
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Magnetic Resonance Image Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Staglin IMHRO Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Jane & Terry Semel institute For Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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