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Smucny J, Hanks TD, Lesh TA, Carter CS. Altered Associations Between Task Performance and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation During Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:1050-1057. [PMID: 37295646 PMCID: PMC11189634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional cognitive control processes are now well understood to be core features of schizophrenia (SZ). A body of work suggests that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a critical role in explaining cognitive control disruptions in SZ. Here, we examined relationships between DLPFC activation and drift rate (DR), a model-based performance measure that combines reaction time and accuracy, in people with SZ and healthy control (HC) participants. METHODS One hundred fifty-one people with recent-onset SZ spectrum disorders and 118 HC participants performed the AX-Continuous Performance Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Proactive cognitive control-associated activation was extracted from left and right DLPFC regions of interest. Individual behavior was fit using a drift diffusion model, allowing DR to vary between task conditions. RESULTS Behaviorally, people with SZ showed significantly lower DRs than HC participants, particularly during high proactive control trial types ("B" trials). Recapitulating previous findings, the SZ group also demonstrated reduced cognitive control-associated DLPFC activation compared with HC participants. Furthermore, significant group differences were also observed in the relationship between left and right DLPFC activation with DR, such that positive relationships between DR and activation were found in HC participants but not in people with SZ. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that DLPFC activation is less associated with cognitive control-related behavioral performance enhancements in SZ. Potential mechanisms and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Smucny
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Timothy D Hanks
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Tyler A Lesh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Cameron S Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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2
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Reardon AM, Li K, Hu XP. Improving Between-Group Effect Size for Multi-Site Functional Connectivity Data via Site-Wise De-Meaning. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:762781. [PMID: 34924984 PMCID: PMC8674307 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.762781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multi-site functional MRI (fMRI) databases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the study of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, multi-site databases are known to introduce site effects that may confound neurobiological and measures such as functional connectivity (FC). Although studies have been conducted to mitigate site effects, these methods often result in reduced effect size in FC comparisons between controls and patients. Methods: We present a site-wise de-meaning (SWD) strategy in multi-site FC analysis and compare its performance with two common site-effect mitigation methods, i.e., generalized linear model (GLM) and Combining Batches (ComBat) Harmonization. For SWD, after FC was calculated and Fisher z-transformed, the site-wise FC mean was removed from each subject before group-level statistical analysis. The above methods were tested on two multi-site psychiatric consortiums [Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP)]. Preservation of consistent FC alterations in patients were evaluated for each method through the effect sizes (Hedge’s g) of patients vs. controls. Results: For the B-SNIP dataset, SWD improved the effect size between schizophrenic and control subjects by 4.5–7.9%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by 22.5–42.6%. For the ABIDE dataset, SWD improved the effect size between autistic and control subjects by 2.9–5.3%, while GLM and ComBat decreased the effect size by up to 11.4%. Conclusion: Compared to the original data and commonly used methods, the SWD method demonstrated superior performance in preserving the effect size in FC features associated with disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Reardon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Kaiming Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoping P Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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3
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Zheng C, Zhang RS, Wan T, Zhao JS. Topological Alterations of Working Memory Impairment in Aged Patients With Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:741445. [PMID: 34675799 PMCID: PMC8524126 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.741445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a common disease causing vascular dementia. Survivors often suffer from cognitive impairment especially working memory deficit. Currently, lack of theoretical support limits the improvement of cognitive intervention or rehabilitation. It is unclear how the large-scale network differs and to what extent is the brain network affected? Our study aims to provide novel information about the topological characteristics of brain organization, especially "small-world" property. A total of 62 aSAH patients are enrolled in this study. They are divided into two groups according to the syndrome of working memory deficit. Their working memory function is evaluated by TMT-B and AVLT (Chinese version). Functional MRI scan is also performed for detecting resting-state cortical plasticity. We utilized ICA to extract functional sub-networks including working memory network from imaging data. And then we establish binarized network and calculate the small-worldness property as well as local and global efficiency of networks. aSAH group with working memory deficit shows no significant difference of clustering coefficient with control group. Our study discovered significant decrease of characteristic path length indicating an increase of overall routing efficiency. We reason that patients with working memory deficit have to recruit more neuronal resources and thus develops higher overall routing efficiency of local network. This study provides novel information about the neural alterations of aSAH patients with working memory deficit. It might contribute to the understanding of neural mechanism and the improvement of current intervention for vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Zheng
- Department of Radiation Intervention, Central Hospital of Huanggang City, Huanggang, China.,Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Huanggang City, Huanggang, China
| | - Rong-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Intervention, Central Hospital of Huanggang City, Huanggang, China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Radiation Intervention, Central Hospital of Huanggang City, Huanggang, China
| | - Jun-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Intervention, Central Hospital of Huanggang City, Huanggang, China
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4
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Cognitive Deficit in Schizophrenia: From Etiology to Novel Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189905. [PMID: 34576069 PMCID: PMC8468549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major mental illness characterized by positive and negative symptoms, and by cognitive deficit. Although cognitive impairment is disabling for patients, it has been largely neglected in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are several reasons for this lack of treatments for cognitive deficit, but the complexity of its etiology-in which neuroanatomic, biochemical and genetic factors concur-has contributed to the lack of effective treatments. In the last few years, there have been several attempts to develop novel drugs for the treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Despite these efforts, little progress has been made. The latest findings point to the importance of developing personalized treatments for schizophrenia which enhance neuroplasticity, and of combining pharmacological treatments with non-pharmacological measures.
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Uscătescu LC, Kronbichler L, Stelzig-Schöler R, Pearce BG, Said-Yürekli S, Reich LA, Weber S, Aichhorn W, Kronbichler M. Effective Connectivity of the Hippocampus Can Differentiate Patients with Schizophrenia from Healthy Controls: A Spectral DCM Approach. Brain Topogr 2021; 34:762-778. [PMID: 34482503 PMCID: PMC8556208 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-021-00868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We applied spectral dynamic causal modelling (Friston et al. in Neuroimage 94:396–407. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.009, 2014) to analyze the effective connectivity differences between the nodes of three resting state networks (i.e. default mode network, salience network and dorsal attention network) in a dataset of 31 male healthy controls (HC) and 25 male patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (SZ). Patients showed increased directed connectivity from the left hippocampus (LHC) to the: dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC), right anterior insula (RAI), left frontal eye fields and the bilateral inferior parietal sulcus (LIPS & RIPS), as well as increased connectivity from the right hippocampus (RHC) to the: bilateral anterior insula (LAI & RAI), right frontal eye fields and RIPS. In SZ, negative symptoms predicted the connectivity strengths from the LHC to: the DACC, the left inferior parietal sulcus (LIPAR) and the RHC, while positive symptoms predicted the connectivity strengths from the LHC to the LIPAR and from the RHC to the LHC. These results reinforce the crucial role of hippocampus dysconnectivity in SZ pathology and its potential as a biomarker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Carmen Uscătescu
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Renate Stelzig-Schöler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Brandy-Gale Pearce
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yürekli
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian-Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Snyder AD, Ma L, Steinberg JL, Woisard K, Moeller FG. Dynamic Causal Modeling Self-Connectivity Findings in the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neuropsychiatric Literature. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:636273. [PMID: 34456665 PMCID: PMC8385130 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.636273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) is a method for analyzing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other functional neuroimaging data that provides information about directionality of connectivity between brain regions. A review of the neuropsychiatric fMRI DCM literature suggests that there may be a historical trend to under-report self-connectivity (within brain regions) compared to between brain region connectivity findings. These findings are an integral part of the neurologic model represented by DCM and serve an important neurobiological function in regulating excitatory and inhibitory activity between regions. We reviewed the literature on the topic as well as the past 13 years of available neuropsychiatric DCM literature to find an increasing (but still, perhaps, and inadequate) trend in reporting these results. The focus of this review is fMRI as the majority of published DCM studies utilized fMRI and the interpretation of the self-connectivity findings may vary across imaging methodologies. About 25% of articles published between 2007 and 2019 made any mention of self-connectivity findings. We recommend increased attention toward the inclusion and interpretation of self-connectivity findings in DCM analyses in the neuropsychiatric literature, particularly in forthcoming effective connectivity studies of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Snyder
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kyle Woisard
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Frederick G Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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7
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Li S, Hu N, Zhang W, Tao B, Dai J, Gong Y, Tan Y, Cai D, Lui S. Dysconnectivity of Multiple Brain Networks in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Resting-State Functional Connectivity. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:482. [PMID: 31354545 PMCID: PMC6639431 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Seed-based studies on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in schizophrenia have shown disrupted connectivity involving a number of brain networks; however, the results have been controversial. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis based on independent component analysis (ICA) brain templates to evaluate dysconnectivity within resting-state brain networks in patients with schizophrenia. Seventy-six rsFC studies from 70 publications with 2,588 schizophrenia patients and 2,567 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the present meta-analysis. The locations and activation effects of significant intergroup comparisons were extracted and classified based on the ICA templates. Then, multilevel kernel density analysis was used to integrate the results and control bias. Results: Compared with HCs, significant hypoconnectivities were observed between the seed regions and the areas in the auditory network (left insula), core network (right superior temporal cortex), default mode network (right medial prefrontal cortex, and left precuneus and anterior cingulate cortices), self-referential network (right superior temporal cortex), and somatomotor network (right precentral gyrus) in schizophrenia patients. No hyperconnectivity between the seed regions and any other areas within the networks was detected in patients, compared with the connectivity in HCs. Conclusions: Decreased rsFC within the self-referential network and default mode network might play fundamental roles in the malfunction of information processing, while the core network might act as a dysfunctional hub of regulation. Our meta-analysis is consistent with diffuse hypoconnectivities as a dysregulated brain network model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Gong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Youguo Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Duanfang Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Li RR, Lyu HL, Liu F, Lian N, Wu RR, Zhao JP, Guo WB. Altered functional connectivity strength and its correlations with cognitive function in subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis at rest. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1140-1148. [PMID: 29691990 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Evidence of altered structural and functional connectivity in the frontal-occipital network is associated with cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, the altered patterns of functional connectivity strength (FCS) in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis remain unknown. In this study, whole-brain FCS was assessed to examine the altered patterns of FCS in UHR subjects. METHODS A total of 34 UHR subjects and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled to undergo resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The imaging data were analyzed using the graph theory method. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, UHR subjects showed significantly decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and significantly increased FCS in the left calcarine cortex. The FCS values in the left middle frontal gyrus were positively correlated to the scores of the Brief Assessments of Cognitionin Schizophrenia Symbol Coding Test (r = 0.366, P = 0.033) in the UHR subjects. A negative correlation was found between the FCS values in the left calcarine cortex and the scores of the Stroop color-naming test (r = -0.475, P = 0.016) in the UHR subjects. A combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas showed an accuracy of 87.32%, a sensitivity of 73.53%, and a specificity of 100% for distinguishing UHR subjects from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Significantly altered FCS in the frontal-occipital network is observed in the UHR subjects. Furthermore, decreased FCS in the left middle frontal gyrus and increased FCS in the left calcarine have significant correlations with the cognitive measures of the UHR subjects and thus improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia. Moreover, a combination of the FCS values in the 2 brain areas can serve as a potential image marker to distinguish UHR subjects from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Long Lyu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Lian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Bin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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