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Wade BSC, Tate DF, Kennedy E, Bigler ED, York GE, Taylor BA, Troyanskaya M, Hovenden ES, Goodrich-Hunsaker N, Newsome MR, Dennis EL, Abildskov T, Pugh MJ, Walker WC, Kenney K, Betts A, Shih R, Welsh RC, Wilde EA. Microstructural Organization of Distributed White Matter Associated With Fine Motor Control in US Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:32-40. [PMID: 37694678 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of brain injury. While most individuals recover from mTBI, roughly 20% experience persistent symptoms, potentially including reduced fine motor control. We investigate relationships between regional white matter organization and subcortical volumes associated with performance on the Grooved Pegboard (GPB) test in a large cohort of military Service Members and Veterans (SM&Vs) with and without a history of mTBI(s). Participants were enrolled in the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. SM&Vs with a history of mTBI(s) (n = 847) and without mTBI (n = 190) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and the GPB test. We first examined between-group differences in GPB completion time. We then investigated associations between GPB performance and regional structural imaging measures (tractwise diffusivity, subcortical volumes, and cortical thickness) in SM&Vs with a history of mTBI(s). Lastly, we explored whether mTBI history moderated associations between imaging measures and GPB performance. SM&Vs with mTBI(s) performed worse than those without mTBI(s) on the non-dominant hand GPB test at a trend level (p < 0.1). Higher fractional anisotropy (FA) of tracts including the posterior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus were associated with better GPB performance in the dominant hand in SM&Vs with mTBI(s). These findings support that the organization of several white matter bundles are associated with fine motor performance in SM&Vs. We did not observe that mTBI history moderated associations between regional FA and GPB test completion time, suggesting that chronic mTBI may not significantly influence fine motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S C Wade
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David F Tate
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eamonn Kennedy
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Brian A Taylor
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Naomi Goodrich-Hunsaker
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tracy Abildskov
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Department of Informatics, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William C Walker
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Betts
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Shih
- American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Brown RN, Burnett AC, Thompson DK, Spittle AJ, Ellis R, Cheong JLY, Doyle LW, Pascoe L, Anderson PJ. Motor performance and attention outcomes in children born very preterm. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:1501-1510. [PMID: 37060580 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between motor performance and attention in children born very preterm and at term, and investigate the presence of individual profiles of motor and attention performance. METHOD Attention and motor performance at 7 and 13 years were assessed in 197 children born very preterm (52.5% male) and 69 children born at term (47.8% male) between 2001 and 2003. Linear regression models were fitted including an interaction term for birth group. Subgroups of children with similar attention and motor performance profiles were identified using latent profile analysis. RESULTS Balance was positively associated with all attention outcomes at both ages (p < 0.006). There were specific birth group interactions for aiming and catching and manual dexterity with attention at 13 years, with positive associations observed only for children born very preterm (p < 0.001). At 7 years, three profiles were observed: average attention and motor functioning; average motor functioning and low attention functioning; and low attention and motor functioning. At 13 years, two profiles of average attention and motor functioning emerged, as well as one profile of below-average attention and motor functioning. Children born very preterm were overrepresented in the lower functioning profiles (born very preterm 56%; born at term 29%). INTERPRETATION Motor functioning at age 7 years may be a useful marker of later attention skills, particularly for children born very preterm who are at greater risk of poorer long-term cognitive outcomes. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Balance was positively associated with attention in children born very preterm and at term. Relationships between motor performance and attention at age 13 years differed between children born very preterm and at term. Heterogeneous motor functioning and attention outcomes were noted for children born very preterm and at term. Children born very preterm were more likely to have lower attention and motor functioning profiles than children born at term. There was greater movement in motor functioning and attention profiles between the ages of 7 and 13 years in children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Brown
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice C Burnett
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Premature Infant Follow-up Program, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia J Spittle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Ellis
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neonatal Services, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leona Pascoe
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Parlatini V, Radua J, Solanes Font A, Wichers R, Maltezos S, Sanefuji M, Dell'Acqua F, Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Murphy D. Poor response to methylphenidate is associated with a smaller dorsal attentive network in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:303. [PMID: 37777529 PMCID: PMC10542768 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are effective in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but there is individual variability in response, especially in adults. To improve outcomes, we need to understand the factors associated with adult treatment response. This longitudinal study investigated whether pre-treatment anatomy of the fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal attentional networks was associated with MPH treatment response. 60 adults with ADHD underwent diffusion brain imaging before starting MPH treatment, and response was measured at two months. We tested the association between brain anatomy and treatment response by using regression-based approaches; and compared the identified anatomical characteristics with those of 20 matched neurotypical controls in secondary analyses. Finally, we explored whether combining anatomical with clinical and neuropsychological data through machine learning provided a more comprehensive profile of factors associated with treatment response. At a group level, a smaller left dorsal superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I), a tract responsible for the voluntary control of attention, was associated with a significantly lower probability of being responders to two-month MPH-treatment. The association between the volume of the left SLF I and treatment response was driven by improvement on both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Only non-responders significantly differed from controls in this tract metric. Finally, our machine learning approach identified clinico-neuropsychological factors associated with treatment response, such as higher cognitive performance and symptom severity at baseline. These novel findings add to our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying response to MPH, pointing to the dorsal attentive network as playing a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Solanes Font
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rob Wichers
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Stefanos Maltezos
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Research Centre for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Marco Catani
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Declan Murphy
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
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Jones SA, Tipsord J, Nagel BJ, Nigg JT. A preliminary study of white matter correlates of a laboratory measure of attention and motor stability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 160:110-116. [PMID: 36804107 PMCID: PMC10023490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex behavioral disorder, often difficult and time consuming to diagnose. Laboratory assessment of ADHD-related constructs of attention and motor activity may be helpful in elucidating neurobiology; however, neuroimaging studies evaluating laboratory measures of ADHD are lacking. In this preliminary study, we assessed the association between fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white matter microstructure, and laboratory measures of attention and motor behavior using the QbTest, a widely used measure thought to improve clinician diagnostic confidence. This is the first look at neural correlates of this widely used measure. The sample included adolescents and young adults (ages 12-20, 35% female) with ADHD (n = 31) and without (n = 52). As expected, ADHD status was associated with motor activity, and cognitive inattention and impulsivity in the laboratory. With regard to MRI findings, laboratory observed motor activity and inattention were associated with greater FA in white matter regions of the primary motor cortex. All three laboratory observations were associated with lower FA in regions subserving fronto-striatal-thalamic and frontoparietal (i.e. superior longitudinal fasciculus) circuitry. Further, FA in white matter regions of the prefrontal cortex appeared to mediate the relationship between ADHD status and motor activity on the QbTest. These findings, while preliminary, suggest that performance on certain laboratory tasks is informative with regard to neurobiological correlates of subdomains of the complex ADHD phenotype. In particular, we provide novel evidence for a relationship between an objective measure of motor hyperactivity and white matter microstructure in motor and attentional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Jessica Tipsord
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Shekari E, Nozari N. A narrative review of the anatomy and function of the white matter tracts in language production and comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1139292. [PMID: 37051488 PMCID: PMC10083342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1139292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the role of cortical areas in language processing. The shift towards network approaches in recent years has highlighted the importance of uncovering the role of white matter in connecting these areas. However, despite a large body of research, many of these tracts’ functions are not well-understood. We present a comprehensive review of the empirical evidence on the role of eight major tracts that are hypothesized to be involved in language processing (inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, extreme capsule, middle longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, and frontal aslant tract). For each tract, we hypothesize its role based on the function of the cortical regions it connects. We then evaluate these hypotheses with data from three sources: studies in neurotypical individuals, neuropsychological data, and intraoperative stimulation studies. Finally, we summarize the conclusions supported by the data and highlight the areas needing further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shekari
- Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazbanou Nozari
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nazbanou Nozari
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DiPiero M, Rodrigues PG, Gromala A, Dean DC. Applications of advanced diffusion MRI in early brain development: a comprehensive review. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:367-392. [PMID: 36585970 PMCID: PMC9974794 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain development follows a protracted developmental timeline with foundational processes of neurodevelopment occurring from the third trimester of gestation into the first decade of life. Defining structural maturational patterns of early brain development is a critical step in detecting divergent developmental trajectories associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders that arise later in life. While considerable advancements have already been made in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) for pediatric research over the past three decades, the field of neurodevelopment is still in its infancy with remarkable scientific and clinical potential. This comprehensive review evaluates the application, findings, and limitations of advanced dMRI methods beyond diffusion tensor imaging, including diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion (CHARMED) to quantify the rapid and dynamic changes supporting the underlying microstructural architectural foundations of the brain in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa DiPiero
- Department of Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Gromala
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Connaughton M, Whelan R, O'Hanlon E, McGrath J. White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102957. [PMID: 35149304 PMCID: PMC8842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of diffusion MRI studies in children and adolescents with ADHD. 46 studies included, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI techniques. Reduced white matter microstructure was reported in several studies. Mixed evidence linking white matter differences with specific cognitive processes. Common limitations included sample size, head motion and medication status.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition sequences and analytic techniques have led to growing body of evidence that abnormal white matter microstructure is a core pathophysiological feature of ADHD. This systematic review provides a qualitative assessment of research investigating microstructural organisation of white matter amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This review included 46 studies in total, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI imaging techniques and analytic approaches, including whole-brain, region of interest and connectomic analyses. Whole-brain and region of interest analyses described atypical organisation of white matter microstructure in several white matter tracts: most notably in frontostriatal tracts, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, thalamic radiations, internal capsule and corona radiata. Connectomic analyses, including graph theory approaches, demonstrated global underconnectivity in connections between functionally specialised networks. Although some studies reported significant correlations between atypical white matter microstructure and ADHD symptoms or other behavioural measures there was no clear pattern of results. Interestingly however, many of the findings of disrupted white matter microstructure were in neural networks associated with key neuropsychological functions that are atypical in ADHD. Limitations to the extant research are outlined in this review and future studies in this area should carefully consider factors such as sample size, sex balance, head motion and medication status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Whelan
- Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity Dublin, Ireland; Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Neonatal brain injury influences structural connectivity and childhood functional outcomes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262310. [PMID: 34986206 PMCID: PMC8730412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury may impact brain development and lead to lifelong functional impairments. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are two common causes of neonatal brain injury differing in timing and mechanism. Maturation of whole-brain neural networks can be quantified during development using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in combination with graph theory metrics. DMRI of 35 subjects with CHD and 62 subjects with HIE were compared to understand differences in the effects of HIE and CHD on the development of network topological parameters and functional outcomes. CHD newborns had worse 12–18 month language (P<0.01) and 30 month cognitive (P<0.01), language (P = 0.05), motor outcomes (P = 0.01). Global efficiency, a metric of brain integration, was lower in CHD (P = 0.03) than in HIE, but transitivity, modularity and small-worldness were similar. After controlling for clinical factors known to affect neurodevelopmental outcomes, we observed that global efficiency was highly associated with 30 month motor outcomes (P = 0.02) in both groups. To explore neural correlates of adverse language outcomes in CHD, we used hypothesis-based and data-driven approaches to identify pathways with altered structural connectivity. We found that connectivity strength in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) tract 2 was inversely associated with expressive language. After false discovery rate correction, a whole connectome edge analysis identified 18 pathways that were hypoconnected in the CHD cohort as compared to HIE. In sum, our study shows that neonatal structural connectivity predicts early motor development after HIE or in subjects with CHD, and regional SLF connectivity is associated with language outcomes. Further research is needed to determine if and how brain networks change over time and whether those changes represent recovery or ongoing dysfunction. This knowledge will directly inform strategies to optimize neurologic functional outcomes after neonatal brain injury.
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Su WC, Amonkar N, Cleffi C, Srinivasan S, Bhat A. Neural Effects of Physical Activity and Movement Interventions in Individuals With Developmental Disabilities-A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:794652. [PMID: 35242063 PMCID: PMC8886122 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.794652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with developmental disabilities present with perceptuo-motor, social communication, and cognitive impairments that often relate to underlying atypical brain structure and functioning. Physical activity/movement interventions improve behavioral performance of individuals with and without developmental disabilities. Majority of the evidence on potential neural mechanisms explaining the impact of physical activity/movement interventions is based on studies in individuals with typical development; there is a dearth of systematic reviews synthesizing the neural effects of physical activity/movement interventions in individuals with developmental disabilities. In this systematic review, we have gathered evidence on the neural effects of physical activity/movement interventions from 32 papers reporting substantial neural effects and behavioral improvements in individuals with developmental disabilities. Chronic intervention effects (multiple sessions) were greater than acute intervention effects (single session). Specifically, using electroencephalogram, functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, studies found physical activity/movement intervention-related changes in neural activity, indicating normalization of cortical arousal in individuals with attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), increased social brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and more efficient executive functioning processes in individuals with a wide range of other developmental disabilities. Despite promising results, more research is clearly needed in this area with larger sample sizes, using standardized neuroimaging tools/variables, and across multiple diagnoses to further explore the neural mechanisms underlying physical activity/movement interventions and to replicate findings from the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Su
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Nidhi Amonkar
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Corina Cleffi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Sudha Srinivasan
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Health, Intervention, and Policy (InCHIP), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences (IBACS), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Anjana Bhat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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Fine motor impairment in children with epilepsy: Relations with seizure severity and lateralizing value. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 127:108518. [PMID: 35016052 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Motor skill deficits are common in epilepsy. The Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) is the most commonly used fine motor task and is included in the NIH Common Data Elements Battery for the assessment of epilepsy. However, there are limited data on its utility in children and adolescents. The present study investigated the effectiveness of this task in children and adolescents with epilepsy clinically referred for neuropsychological evaluation in a tertiary medical center. Two hundred and two children and adolescents (ages 6-16, 104 males, 98 females) completed the GPT. Base rates of impairment were calculated, correlational analyses determined relations with clinical variables, and ANOVAs and t-tests assessed for differences by seizure type, gender, and lateralized deficits in those with lateralized focal epilepsy. The GPT was sensitive to fine motor impairment in these children and adolescents, with over 60% having impaired performances. Further, performance was significantly correlated with IQ, age of epilepsy onset, number of medications, and seizure frequency. At the group level, those with lateralized focal epilepsy did not show significant differences between left and right hands, though the GPT correctly lateralized 63% of those with large between-hand performance disparities (i.e., one standard deviation or greater). In sum, the GPT is sensitive to fine motor deficits in pediatric epilepsy and is related to known epilepsy severity factors. However, the ability of the task to lateralize epilepsy onset is not robust.
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Xu F, Jin C, Zuo T, Wang R, Yang Y, Wang K. Segmental abnormalities of superior longitudinal fasciculus microstructure in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An automated fiber quantification tractography study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:999384. [PMID: 36561639 PMCID: PMC9766353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.999384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is a white matter (WM) tract that connects the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. SLF integrity has been widely assessed in neuroimaging studies of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, prior studies have revealed inconsistent findings and comparisons across disorders have not been fully examined. METHODS Here, we obtained data for 113 patients (38 patients with SZ, 40 with BD, 35 with ADHD) and 94 healthy controls from the UCLA Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomic LA5c dataset. We assessed the integrity of 20 major WM tracts with a novel segmentation method by automating fiber tract quantification (AFQ). The AFQ divides each tract into 100 equal parts along the direction of travel, with fractional anisotropy (FA) of each part taken as a characteristic. Differences in FA among the four groups were examined. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients with SZ showed significantly lower FA in the second half (51-100 parts) of the SLF. No differences were found between BD and healthy controls, nor between ADHD and healthy controls. Results also demonstrated that patients with SZ showed FA reduction in the second half of the SLF relative to patients with BP. Moreover, greater FA in patients in SLF was positively correlated with the manic-hostility score of the Brief Psychiatry Rating scale. DISCUSSION These findings indicated that differences in focal changes in SLF might be a key neurobiological abnormality contributing to characterization of these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Xu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengliang Jin
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruzhan Wang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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The Neurological Basis of Developmental Dyslexia and Related Disorders: A Reappraisal of the Temporal Hypothesis, Twenty Years on. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060708. [PMID: 34071786 PMCID: PMC8229928 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a now-classic article published a couple of decades ago (Brain, 2000; 123: 2373-2399), I proposed an "extended temporal processing deficit hypothesis of dyslexia", suggesting that a deficit in temporal processing could explain not only language-related peculiarities usually noticed in dyslexic children, but also a wider range of symptoms related to impaired processing of time in general. In the present review paper, I will revisit this "historical" hypothesis both in the light of a new clinical perspective, including the central yet poorly explained notion of comorbidity, and also taking a new look at the most recent experimental work, mainly focusing on brain imaging data. First, consistent with daily clinical practice, I propose to distinguish three groups of children who fail to learn to read, of fairly equal occurrence, who share the same initial presentation (difficulty in mastering the rules of grapheme-phoneme correspondence) but with differing associated signs and/or comorbid conditions (language disorders in the first group, attentional deficits in the second one, and motor coordination problems in the last one), thus suggesting, at least in part, potentially different triggering mechanisms. It is then suggested, in the light of brain imaging information available to date, that the three main clinical presentations/associations of cognitive impairments that compromise reading skills acquisition correspond to three distinct patterns of miswiring or "disconnectivity" in specific brain networks which have in common their involvement in the process of learning and their heavy reliance on temporal features of information processing. With reference to the classic temporal processing deficit of dyslexia and to recent evidence of an inability of the dyslexic brain to achieve adequate coupling of oscillatory brain activity to the temporal features of external events, a general model is proposed according to which a common mechanism of temporal uncoupling between various disconnected-and/or mis-wired-processors may account for distinct forms of specific learning disorders, with reading impairment being a more or less constant feature. Finally, the potential therapeutic implications of such a view are considered, with special emphasis on methods seeking to enhance cross-modal connectivity between separate brain systems, including those using rhythmic and musical training in dyslexic patients.
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Hyde C, Fuelscher I, Sciberras E, Efron D, Anderson VA, Silk T. Understanding motor difficulties in children with ADHD: A fixel-based analysis of the corticospinal tract. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110125. [PMID: 33031859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with deficits in fine motor control. The cortico-spinal tract (CST) is critical for voluntary motor control. Although neuroimaging work has identified anomalous microstructural properties in the CST in ADHD, no study to date has attempted to investigate the link between deficits in fine motor performance and microstructural properties of the CST in children with ADHD. This study aimed to address this gap using a novel fixel-based analysis (FBA). METHODS Participants were 50 right-handed medication naïve children with a history of ADHD and 56 non-ADHD controls aged 9-11 years. Fine motor control was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard task. Children underwent high angular resolution diffusion MRI. Following pre-processing, FBA was performed and the semi-automated deep-learning TractSeg was used to delineate the CST bilaterally. Fibre density (FD), fibre cross-section (FC-log), and fibre density/cross-section (FDC) were extracted for each tract. RESULTS Children with ADHD performed significantly worse than non-ADHD children on the Grooved Pegboard task when using their non-dominant hand. They also demonstrated widespread significantly lower diffusion metrics in both CSTs compared to non-ADHD controls. However, no correlations were observed between Grooved Pegboard performance and diffusion metrics for the CST in either hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS While we failed to detect a significant relationship between fine motor skill and FBA metrics in either group, this paper extends previous work by showing that children with ADHD and reduced fine motor competence demonstrate atypical microstructure within the CST relative to non-ADHD controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki A Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Silk
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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