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Vijendravarma RK, Leopold P. Non‐visual cues and indirect strategies that enable discrimination of asymmetric mates. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8790. [PMID: 35386879 PMCID: PMC8975790 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar Vijendravarma
- Institut Curie – Centre de Recherche, Genetics and Developmental Biology Unit INSERM U934 / CNRS UMR3215 Paris France
| | - Pierre Leopold
- Institut Curie – Centre de Recherche, Genetics and Developmental Biology Unit INSERM U934 / CNRS UMR3215 Paris France
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2
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Abstract
Theoretically, symmetry in bilateral animals is subject to sexual selection, since it can serve as a proxy for genetic quality of competing mates during mate choice. Here, we report female preference for symmetric males in Drosophila, using a mate-choice paradigm where males with environmentally or genetically induced wing asymmetry were competed. Analysis of courtship songs revealed that males with asymmetric wings produced songs with asymmetric features that served as acoustic cues, facilitating this female preference. Females experimentally evolved in the absence of mate choice lost this preference for symmetry, suggesting that it is maintained by sexual selection. In many species, including humans and Drosophila, symmetric individuals secure more matings, suggesting that bilateral symmetry signals the quality of potential mates and is subject to sexual selection. However, this idea remains controversial, largely because obtaining conclusive experimental evidence has been hindered by confounding effects arising from the methods used to increase asymmetry in test subjects. Here, we show that altering gravity during development increases asymmetry in Drosophila melanogaster without a detrimental effect on survival, growth, and behavior. Testing males with altered-gravity–induced asymmetry in female mate-choice assays revealed symmetry-based discrimination of males via auditory cues. Females similarly discriminated against males with genetically induced asymmetry, suggesting that their preference for symmetry is not specific to altered gravity. By segmenting the male courtship song into left and right wing-generated song-bouts, we detected asymmetry in the courtship song of altered-gravity males with asymmetric wings that experienced rejection. Females experimentally evolved in the absence of mate choice lacked this preference for symmetry, suggesting that symmetry is maintained by sexual selection. Our data provide evidence for the role of symmetry in sexual selection and reveal how nonvisual cues can flag mate asymmetry during courtship.
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Monteiro LR, Mellado B, Nogueira MR, de Morais-Jr MM. Individual asymmetry as a predictor of fitness in the bat Carollia perspicillata. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1207-1229. [PMID: 31420901 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of fitness in wild populations is a challenging task, and a number of proxies have been proposed with different degrees of success. Developmental instability/stability (DI) is an organismal property associated with variance in bilateral asymmetry (fluctuating asymmetry-FA) and a correlated effect on fitness. This study provides evidence to corroborate the hypothesis that asymmetry partly reflects DI and is correlated with a reduction in fitness measured by survival and reproduction in bats. We studied two colonies of the bat Carollia perspicillata in southeastern Brazil over 5 years, marking and recapturing individuals. Gaussian mixture models for signed Forearm Asymmetry (ForA) distribution indicated that ~20% of asymmetry variation was due to DI heterogeneity among individuals. ForA, body condition (Scaled Mass Index-SMI) and Forearm Length (ForL) were used as predictors of survival probability in Cormack-Jolly-Seber models. Asymmetry was negatively associated with survival, whereas SMI and ForL were positively associated. The male C. perspicillata defend sites within the roost that are favoured by female harems, but there are mating opportunities for bachelor males, leading to both territorial disputes and sperm competition. As predicted by sexual selection, ForA was negatively associated with relative Testicle Length, a measure of reproductive potential. In females, ForA was negatively associated with the probability of two pregnancies (as opposed to one) in a given breeding season. The effect magnitudes and directions of associations suggest that asymmetry, even though not perfectly reflecting DI variation, is a useful predictor for fitness components in C. perspicillata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro R Monteiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Breno Mellado
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Nogueira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcio M de Morais-Jr
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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Rypstra AL, Walker SE, Persons MH. Cautious versus desperado males: predation risk affects courtship intensity but not female choice in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Uetz GW, Roberts JA, Wrinn KM, Polak M, Cameron GN. Impact of a catastrophic natural disturbance on fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in a wolf spider. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/16-3-3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Llopis-Belenguer C, Balbuena JA, Galván-Femenía I, Rodríguez-González A. Phenotypic Buffering in a Monogenean: Canalization and Developmental Stability in Shape and Size of the Haptoral Anchors of Ligophorus cephali (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142365. [PMID: 26544190 PMCID: PMC4636253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation results from the balance between sources of variation and counteracting regulatory mechanisms. Canalization and developmental stability are two such mechanisms, acting at two different levels of regulation. The issue of whether or not they act concurrently as a common developmental buffering capacity has been subject to debate. We used geometric morphometrics to quantify the mechanisms that guarantee phenotypic constancy in the haptoral anchors of Ligophorus cephali. Canalization and developmental stability were appraised by estimating inter- and intra-individual variation, respectively, in size and shape of dorsal and ventral anchors. The latter variation was estimated as fluctuating asymmetry (FA) between anchor pairs. The general-buffering-capacity hypothesis was tested by two different methods based on correlations and Principal Components Analyses of the different components of size and shape variation. Evidence for FA in the dorsal and ventral anchors in both shape and size was found. Our analyses supported the hypothesis of a general developmental buffering capacity. The evidence was more compelling for shape than for size and, particularly, for the ventral anchors than for the dorsal ones. These results are in line with previous studies of dactylogyrids suggesting that ventral anchors secure a firmer, more permanent attachment, whereas dorsal anchors are more mobile. Because fixation to the host is crucial for survival in ectoparasites, we suggest that homeostatic development of the ventral anchors has been promoted to ensure the morphological constancy required for efficient attachment. Geometric morphometrics can be readily applied to other host-monogenean models, affording not only to disentangle the effects of canalization and developmental stability, as shown herein, but to further partition the environmental and genetic components of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Llopis-Belenguer
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Antonio Balbuena
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Galván-Femenía
- Department of Computer Science, Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Abril Rodríguez-González
- Marine Zoology Unit, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Consistent Positive Co-Variation between Fluctuating Asymmetry and Sexual Trait Size: A Challenge to the Developmental Instability-Sexual Selection Hypothesis. Symmetry (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/sym7020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Maestri R, Fornel R, Galiano D, de Freitas TRO. Niche suitability affects development: skull asymmetry increases in less suitable areas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122412. [PMID: 25874364 PMCID: PMC4398368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For conservation purposes, it is important to take into account the suitability of a species to particular habitats; this information may predict the long-term survival of a species. In this sense, morphological measures of developmental stress, such as fluctuating asymmetry, can be proxies for an individual’s performance in different regions. In this study, we conducted tests to determine whether areas with different levels of suitability for a species (generated by ecological niche models) were congruent with morphological markers that reflect environmental stress and morphological variance. We generated a Maxent niche model and compared the suitability assessments of several areas with the skull morphology data (fluctuating asymmetry and morphological disparity) of populations of the Atlantic forest endemic to Brazil rodent Akodon cursor. Our analyses showed a significant negative relationship between suitability levels and fluctuating asymmetry levels, which indicates that in less suitable areas, the individuals experience numerous disturbances during skull ontogeny. We have not found an association between morphological variance and environmental suitability. As expected, these results suggest that in environments with a lower suitability, developmental stress is increased. Such information is helpful in the understanding of the species evolution and in the selection of priority areas for the conservation of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Maestri
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Fornel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Thales R. O. de Freitas
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
Symmetry obsessions are a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and have several demographic and clinical correlates. Appearance-related symmetry concerns appear common in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD); however, no published studies have examined this topic. This study examined the clinical features, prevalence, and correlates of symmetry concerns involving physical appearance in two BDD samples (N=160 and N=115). More than 25% of participants in each sample reported symmetry concerns for a body part with which they were preoccupied (total of 18 body parts in sample 1 and 18 in sample 2). In sample 1, BDD participants with appearance-related symmetry concerns were older than those without appearance-related symmetry concerns. In sample 2, those with appearance-related symmetry concerns reported poorer mental health-related quality of life, were more likely to have experienced lifetime suicidal ideation, had better BDD-related insight, and were less likely to have a lifetime eating disorder. In both samples, participants with appearance-related symmetry concerns were more likely to have lifetime OCD but not OCD-related symmetry obsessions. Thus, symmetry is a common appearance concern in BDD that is associated with comorbid OCD but not with OCD symmetry concerns specifically, suggesting that symmetry concerns may have a different mechanism/pathophysiology in BDD versus OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Hart
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katharine A. Phillips
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Culumber ZW, Rosenthal GG. Population-level mating patterns and fluctuating asymmetry in swordtail hybrids. Naturwissenschaften 2013; 100:801-4. [PMID: 23775276 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphological symmetry is a correlate of fitness-related traits or even a direct target of mate choice in a variety of taxa. In these taxa, when females discriminate among potential mates, increased selection on males should reduce fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Hybrid populations of the swordtails Xiphophorus birchmanni and Xiphophorus malinche vary from panmictic (unstructured) to highly structured, in which reproductive isolation is maintained among hybrids and parental species. We predicted that FA in flanking vertical bars used in sexual signalling should be lower in structured populations, where non-random mating patterns are observed. FA in vertical bars was markedly lower in structured populations than in parental and unstructured hybrid populations. There was no difference in FA between parentals and hybrids, suggesting that hybridisation does not directly affect FA. Rather, variation in FA likely results from contrasting mating patterns in unstructured and structured populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Culumber
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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11
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Morris MR, Rios-Cardenas O, Lyons SM, Scarlett Tudor M, Bono LM. Fluctuating asymmetry indicates the optimization of growth rate over developmental stability. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Environmental pressures present during critical periods in fetal development can have a strong influence on the long-term fitness of an individual. Susceptibility to parasites, immune function, and future reproductive success are all vulnerable to stressful events in utero. The causes and consequences of prenatal environmental stress are often difficult (if not impossible) to evaluate, especially in wild populations. Digit ratio, the ratio of 2nd digit to 4th digit length (2D:4D) has been identified as an index of fetal androgen exposure. Current techniques for assessing digit ratio pose severe limitations to the accuracy of digit measurement of wild animals owing to the constant movement of the feet and inaccessibility of laboratory equipment. Our study attempts a new indirect technique wherein subjects had an imprint taken of each foot that was then photographed and scanned for digital measurement. Using red squirrels ( Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777)) as a model species, we hypothesized that higher degrees of fetal testosterone exposure (assumed from digit ratios) would result in reduced reproductive success and increased susceptibility to parasite infection. Digit ratio was negatively correlated with reproductive output and positively correlated with parasite loads. Although this may indicate that exposure to excess testosterone in utero may jeopardize future fitness, the relationships are inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.L. Gooderham
- Laurentian University, 965 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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POLAK M, TOMKINS JL. Developmental instability as phenodeviance in a secondary sexual trait increases sharply with thermal stress. J Evol Biol 2011; 25:277-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Takahashi KH, Okada Y, Teramura K, Tsujino M. DEFICIENCY MAPPING OF THE GENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EFFECTS ON DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Evolution 2011; 65:3565-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sheehan MJ, Tibbetts EA. Condition dependence and the origins of elevated fluctuating asymmetry in quality signals. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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SHARMA MANMOHAND, TREGENZA TOM, HOSKEN DAVIDJ. Sex combs, allometry, and asymmetry in Drosophila. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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RASHED ARASH, POLAK MICHAL. Differential condition dependence among morphological traits inferred from responses to heat stress is predicted by sexual selection theory. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cothran RD, Jeyasingh PD. CONDITION DEPENDENCE OF A SEXUALLY SELECTED TRAIT IN A CRUSTACEAN SPECIES COMPLEX: IMPORTANCE OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT. Evolution 2010; 64:2535-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ditchkoff SS, deFreese RL. Assessing fluctuating asymmetry of white-tailed deer antlers in a three-dimensional context. J Mammal 2010. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-a-134r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hallgrímsson B. The State of Evolutionary Biology (The Journal): A Progress Report. Evol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-009-9077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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