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Tang Y, Yan C, Li H, Ma X, Li J, Chi X, Liu Z. Proline inhibits postharvest physiological deterioration of cassava by improving antioxidant capacity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114143. [PMID: 38762153 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a crucial global tuber crop, encounters significant economic losses attributed to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The PPD phenomenon in cassava is closely related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and amino acids play a pivotal role in regulating signaling pathways and eliminating ROS. In this study, the storage performance of eight cassava varieties were conducted. Cassava cultivar SC5 showed the best storage performance among the eight cassava varieties, but the edible cassava cultivar SC9 performed much worse. Comparative analysis of free amino acids was conducted in eight cassava varieties, revealing changes in proline, aspartic acid, histidine, glutamic acid, threonine, and serine. Exogenous supplementation of these six amino acids was performed to inhibit PPD of SC9. Proline was confirmed as the key amino acid for inhibiting PPD. Treatment with optimal exogenous proline of 5 g/L resulted in a 17.9% decrease in the deterioration rate compared to untreated cassava. Accompanied by a decrease in H2O2 content and an increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. Proline treatment proved to be an effective approach to alleviate cell oxidative damage, inhibit PPD in cassava, and prolong shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Tang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chengliang Yan
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xue Chi
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Zhu Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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2
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Posom J, Duangpila C, Saengprachatanarug K, Wongpichet S, Onmankhong J. Application of thermal imaging combined with machine learning for detecting the deterioration of the cassava root. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20559. [PMID: 37842593 PMCID: PMC10570577 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshness is an important parameter that is indexed in the quality assessment of commercial cassava tubers. Cassava tubers that are not fresh have reduced starch content. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a new approach to detect cassava root deterioration levels using thermal imaging with machine learning (ML). An underlying assumption was that nonfresh cassava roots may have fermentation inside that causes a difference in the inner temperature of the tuber. This creates the opportunity for the deterioration level to be measured using thermal imaging. The features (pixel intensity and temperature) that were extracted from the region of interest (ROI) in the form of tuber thermal images were analyzed with ML. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, and ensemble classifiers were applied to establish the optimal classification modeling algorithms. The highest accuracy model was developed from thermal images of cassava roots captured in a darkroom under a control temperature of 25 °C in the measurement chamber. The LDA, SVM, and ensemble classifiers gave the best overall performance for the discrimination of cassava root deterioration levels, with an accuracy of 86.7%. Interestingly, under uncontrolled environmental conditions, the combination of thermal imaging plus ML gave results that were of lower accuracy but still acceptable. Thus, our work revealed that thermal imaging coupled with ML was a promising method for the nondestructive evaluation of cassava root deterioration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetsada Posom
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,40002, Thailand
| | - Chutatip Duangpila
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,40002, Thailand
| | - Khwantri Saengprachatanarug
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,40002, Thailand
| | - Seree Wongpichet
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,40002, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Onmankhong
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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Ma Y, Xue M, Zhang X, Chen S. Genome-wide analysis of the metallothionein gene family in cassava reveals its role in response to physiological stress through the regulation of reactive oxygen species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:227. [PMID: 37118665 PMCID: PMC10142807 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is widely planted in tropical and several subtropical regions in which drought, high temperatures, and other abiotic stresses occur. Metallothionein (MT) is a group of conjugated proteins with small molecular weight and rich in cysteine. These proteins play a substantial role in response to physiological stress through the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the biological functions of MT genes in cassava are unknown. RESULTS A total of 10 MeMT genes were identified in the cassava genome. The MeMTs were divided into 3 groups (Types 2-4) based on the contents and distribution of Cys residues. The MeMTs exhibited tissue-specific expression and located on 7 chromosomes. The MeMT promoters contain some hormones regulatory and stresses responsiveness elements. MeMTs were upregulated under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment and in respond to post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). The results were consistent with defense-responsive cis-acting elements in the MeMT promoters. Further, four of MeMTs were selected and silenced by using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method to evaluate their functional characterization. The results of gene-silenced cassava suggest that MeMTs are involved in oxidative stress resistance, as ROS scavengers. CONCLUSION We identified the 10 MeMT genes, and explore their evolutionary relationship, conserved motif, and tissue-specific expression. The expression profiles of MeMTs under three kinds of abiotic stresses (wounding, low-temperature, and H2O2) and during PPD were analyzed. The tissue-specific expression and the response to abiotic stresses revealed the role of MT in plant growth and development. Furthermore, silenced expression of MeMTs in cassava leaves decreased its tolerance to ROS, consistent with its predicted role as ROS scavengers. In summary, our results suggest an important role of MeMTs in response to physiological stress as well as species adaptation via the regulation of ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Maofu Xue
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Cali, 763537, Colombia
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Lebot V, Lawac F, Muñoz-Cuervo I, Mercier PE, Legendre L. Metabolite fingerprinting of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) landraces assessed for post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). Food Chem 2023; 421:136217. [PMID: 37121018 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cassava landraces are impacted by post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD). 34 primary/secondary metabolites (carotenes, flavonols, indols, phenolic, hydroxycinnamic, and organic acids) were analysed using HPLC/GC-MS in 72 landraces harvested 8 months after planting (MAP) to clarify whether these compounds may play a role in PPD tolerance. Cluster analysis differentiated a first group with high organic acids contents, citric acid being dominant, a second group with landraces high in tryptophan, a third group including landraces with high phenolic and hydroxycinnamic acids content, and a fourth group characterised by 8 carotenoids. PPD tolerant and susceptible landraces were present in each group. To determine if PPD is related to age of harvest, 174 landraces were harvested at 6, 8, 10 and 12 MAP. Scopoletin, sucrose and glucose were analysed. PPD was positively correlated with DMC and negatively correlated with scopoletin at all ages of harvest. Scopoletin is a useful biomarker to characterize landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lebot
- CIRAD-VARTC, P.O. Box 946, Port-Vila, Vanuatu; UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Ismaël Muñoz-Cuervo
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, Équipe 3 - Rhizosphère, CESN (Centre d'Étude des Substances Naturelles), France; UMR UCBL CNRS 5557 - INRA 1418. 16 rue Raphaël Dubois. F-69100 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Mercier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, Équipe 3 - Rhizosphère, CESN (Centre d'Étude des Substances Naturelles), France; UMR UCBL CNRS 5557 - INRA 1418. 16 rue Raphaël Dubois. F-69100 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Laurent Legendre
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, Équipe 3 - Rhizosphère, CESN (Centre d'Étude des Substances Naturelles), France; UMR UCBL CNRS 5557 - INRA 1418. 16 rue Raphaël Dubois. F-69100 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Wahengbam ED, Devi CP, Sharma SK, Roy SS, Maibam A, Dasgupta M, Luikham S, Chongtham T, Ningombam A, Bhupenchandra I, Singh LK, Devi YP, Thokchom S, Khaba CI, Singh NB, Rajashekar Y, Das S, Mohanty S, Sahoo MR. Reactive oxygen species turnover, phenolics metabolism, and some key gene expressions modulate postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava tubers. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148464. [PMID: 36925477 PMCID: PMC10011484 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) tuber is a significant concern during storage. The freshly harvested tubers start spoiling within 24 to 72 h. Accumulation of H2O2 is one of the earliest biochemical events that occurred during PPD, which was detected using the 3,3 diaminobenzidine (DAB) in two contrast cassava genotypes, MNP Local A (29-57 μg g-1) and Sree Prakash (64-141 μg g-1). Accumulating the fluorescence hydroxycoumarin compounds emitted by the cassava tubers observed under an ultraviolet (UV) lamp showed significant variations at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of storage. The total phenolics and carotenoids significantly and negatively correlated with PPD progression; however, the anthocyanin and flavonoids positively correlated with the PPD-anchored ROS accumulation. The primary compound, Phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester, was identified in both the cassava tubers, Sree Prakash (57.21 and 35.21%), and MNP Local A (75.58 and 60.21%) at 0, and 72 h of PPD, respectively. The expression of PPD-associated genes APX-2, APX-3, PAL, and AP was higher at 6-12 days of PPD, which signified the synthesis of ROS turnover and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A significant, strong, and positive correlation was established between the secondary metabolites and PPD signaling gene expression, which was inversely correlated with hydroxycoumarin and H2O2 accumulation. MNP Local A tubers exhibited longer storage life of 15 days with a low PPD score, higher metabolites synthesis, and gene expression. The PPD-resistant lines may be used to augment cassava breeding strategies for large-scale commercial and industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Subhra Saikat Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Albert Maibam
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Madhumita Dasgupta
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Star Luikham
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Tania Chongtham
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Arati Ningombam
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Ingudam Bhupenchandra
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Laishram Kanta Singh
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Yumnam Prabhabati Devi
- Farm Science Centre, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | | | | | - Yallappa Rajashekar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sudripta Das
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sansuta Mohanty
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
- Central Horticultural Experiment Station, ICAR–Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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6
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Li R, Yuan S, Zhou Y, Wang S, Zhou Q, Ding Z, Wang Y, Yao Y, Liu J, Guo J. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Cassava Tuberous Roots in Response to Postharvest Physiological Deterioration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010246. [PMID: 36613690 PMCID: PMC9820078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is one of the most versatile tuberous-root crops on Earth. However, the postharvest storage properties of cassava tuberous root mean that it is perishable through a process known as postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), which seriously affects its starch quality. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional regulatory activity of cassava against the PPD response is necessary in order to extract key molecular mechanisms related to PPD tolerance. In this study, we found that RYG1 tuberous roots showed delayed PPD compared to those of SC8. In addition, RYG1 roots maintained a more stable cell wall structure after storage than those of SC8. The transcriptome changes in tuberous roots were analyzed for both RYG1 and SC8 after 21 days of storage (SR and SS) compared to fresh (FR and FS) by the RNA-Seq method. The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the various comparisons of these four samples ranged from 68 to 3847. Of these, a total of 2008 co-DEGs in SR vs. SS were shared by either SR vs. FR or SS vs. FS. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated co-DEGs in SR vs. SS were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, protein processing, hormone and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis. By contrast, the downregulated co-DEGs were mainly related to cell wall organization, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, cysteine and methionine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the co-DEGs showed a complex interaction of genes in different pathways, and 16 hub genes were characterized to have a degree in excess of 15, among which eight genes were associated with photosynthesis. These results provide new information for the study of cassava resistance to PPD and lay a foundation for the further molecular breeding of storage-tolerant cassava varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangjiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhongping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-898-6698-6031 (J.L.); +86-898-6696-2953 (J.G.)
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
- Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou 571101, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (J.G.); Tel.: +86-898-6698-6031 (J.L.); +86-898-6696-2953 (J.G.)
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Ojimelukwe P, Nwakanma A. Solid state fermentation improves the quality of soy-cassava diet. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2022.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cassava is used as a staple food in many developing countries despite its low nutrient density. Fortification of cassava diets is needed for the prevention of malnutrition and achievement of food security. Cassava-soybean complementary foods were formulated from natural and solid state fermented cassava complemented with soybean. The proximate composition, physicochemical properties, nutritional quality, and sensory properties of the samples were determined (Table 2). The moisture content (7.51%) and ash (3.81%) content of the solid state fermented (SSF) cassava flour complemented with un-defatted soybean flour was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than of the other samples. Solid state fermentation (SSF) led to the highest reduction in viscosity (from 2,855 to 2,052 cPs). Average weight gain and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of experimental animals fed SSF cassava were the highest. The colour and aroma of SSF diets and that of fermented cassava samples were similar (P > 0.05). The texture of diets from SSF cassava were inferior (P < 0.05) to the other samples. Solid state fermentation of cassava with Rhizopus oligosporus and supplementation with soybean can be used to produce a complementary food that is nutrient dense and nutritionally adequate, although the texture of the product might need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.C. Ojimelukwe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - A.C. Nwakanma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Abia State, Nigeria
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Beyene G, Chauhan RD, Gehan J, Siritunga D, Taylor N. Cassava shrunken-2 homolog MeAPL3 determines storage root starch and dry matter content and modulates storage root postharvest physiological deterioration. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:283-299. [PMID: 32270429 PMCID: PMC9163024 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Among the five cassava isoforms (MeAPL1-MeAPL5), MeAPL3 is responsible for determining storage root starch content. Degree of storage root postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is directly correlated with starch content. AGPase is heterotetramer composed of two small and two large subunits each coded by small gene families in higher plants. Studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta) identified and characterized five isoforms of Manihot esculenta ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (MeAPL1-MeAPL5) and employed virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that MeAPL3 is the key isoform responsible for starch and dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots. Silencing of MeAPL3 in cassava through stable transgenic lines resulted in plants displaying significant reduction in storage root starch and dry matter content (DMC) and induced a distinct phenotype associated with increased petiole/stem angle, resulting in a droopy leaf phenotype. Plants with reduced starch and DMC also displayed significantly reduced or no postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) compared to controls and lines with high DMC and starch content. This provides strong evidence for direct relationships between starch/dry matter content and its role in PPD and canopy architecture traits in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - Jackson Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dimuth Siritunga
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
| | - Nigel Taylor
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Otun S, Escrich A, Achilonu I, Rauwane M, Lerma-Escalera JA, Morones-Ramírez JR, Rios-Solis L. The future of cassava in the era of biotechnology in Southern Africa. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:594-612. [PMID: 35369831 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2048791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a major staple food and the world's fourth source of calories. Biotechnological contributions to enhancing this crop, its advances, and present issues must be assessed regularly. Functional genomics, genomic-assisted breeding, molecular tools, and genome editing technologies, among other biotechnological approaches, have helped improve the potential of economically important crops like cassava by addressing some of its significant constraints, such as nutrient deficiency, toxicity, poor starch quality, disease susceptibility, low yield capacity, and postharvest deterioration. However, the development, improvement, and subsequent acceptance of the improved cultivars have been challenging and have required holistic approaches to solving them. This article provides an update of trends and gaps in cassava biotechnology, reviewing the relevant strategies used to improve cassava crops and highlighting the potential risk and acceptability of improved cultivars in Southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Otun
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ainoa Escrich
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Molemi Rauwane
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Jordy Alexis Lerma-Escalera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - José Rubén Morones-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apodaca, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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10
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Fathima AA, Sanitha M, Tripathi L, Muiruri S. Cassava (
Manihot esculenta
) dual use for food and bioenergy: A review. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Aliya Fathima
- Department of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
| | - Mary Sanitha
- Department of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nairobi Kenya
| | - Samwel Muiruri
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Plant Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya
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Dos Santos Morais MA, Fonseca KS, de Medeiros RA, de Andrada LVP, Saraiva RDA, Ferreira-Silva SL, Alves de Lima AL, do Nascimento Simões A. Use of the abrasion technique in minimal processing as an alternative to increase purchase acceptability and minimize browning in yam. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:121-131. [PMID: 34060085 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the sensory acceptance, oxidative damage and protection, and possible anatomical-structural damage of cells from the surface of shapes of minimally processed yam. The tubers were minimally processed into the peeled rondelle, dice and 'chateau cut' (chateau) shapes, the latter of which was obtained after performing the abrasion technique. Control treatment corresponded to the rondelle shape with the periderm. The pieces were kept packed at 5 ± 2 °C for 14 days. RESULTS Peeled rondelle and chateau were sensorially the most well-accepted yam shapes and achieved the highest purchase intention. The enzymes were partially modulated by the detected H2 O2 levels. Oxidative burst lasted longer in the minimally processed tissues than in the control. Polyphenol oxidase activity showed a clear difference in behavior between the minimally processed pieces and the control. Minimal processing induced transient increases in phenolic compounds, for which the expression was lowest in the abraded pieces. On the other hand, these pieces exhibited greater cell collapse on the surface of the amyliferous parenchyma. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the trained panel, the abrasion technique is an alternative to provide shapes that are better accepted and marketable, more resistant to browning, and can be stored for up to 12 days. Resistance to browning may be related to a more efficient modulation of enzymatic antioxidant systems and intense deposition of cell debris on the surface of the amyliferous parenchyma. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelem Silva Fonseca
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Alves de Medeiros
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério de Aquino Saraiva
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Alves de Lima
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
| | - Adriano do Nascimento Simões
- Department of Plant Production, Serra Talhada Academic Unit, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Brazil
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12
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An F, Xiao X, Chen T, Xue J, Luo X, Ou W, Li K, Cai J, Chen S. Systematic Analysis of bHLH Transcription Factors in Cassava Uncovers Their Roles in Postharvest Physiological Deterioration and Cyanogenic Glycosides Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:901128. [PMID: 35789698 PMCID: PMC9249602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.901128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are a large superfamily of transcription factors, and play a central role in a wide range of metabolic, physiological, and developmental processes in higher organisms. However, systematic investigation of bHLH gene family in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has not been reported. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified 148 MebHLHs genes were unevenly harbored in 18 chromosomes. Through phylogenetic analyses along with Arabidopsis counterparts, these MebHLHs genes were divided into 19 groups, and each gene contains a similar structure and conserved motifs. Moreover, many cis-acting regulatory elements related to various defense and stress responses showed in MebHLH genes. Interestingly, transcriptome data analyses unveiled 117 MebHLH genes during postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) process of cassava tuberous roots, while 65 MebHLH genes showed significantly change. Meanwhile, the relative quantitative analysis of 15 MebHLH genes demonstrated that they were sensitive to PPD, suggesting they may involve in PPD process regulation. Cyanogenic glucosides (CGs) biosynthesis during PPD process was increased, silencing of MebHLH72 and MebHLH114 showed that linamarin content was significantly decreased in the leaves. To summarize, the genome-wide identification and expression profiling of MebHLH candidates pave a new avenue for uderstanding their function in PPD and CGs biosynthesis, which will accelerate the improvement of PPD tolerance and decrease CGs content in cassava tuberous roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei An
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinhui Xiao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Postgraduate Department, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
| | - Xiuqin Luo
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
| | - Wenjun Ou
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
| | - Kaimian Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
- Jie Cai,
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Songbi Chen,
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13
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Process-Induced Modifications on Quality Attributes of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Flour. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava flour (CF) is a suitable representative and one of the easiest shelf-stable food products of the edible portion of the highly perishable cassava root (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The quality and type of CF are dependent on processing variables. Broadly categorized into fermented and unfermented CF, unfermented CF is white, odorless, and bland, while fermented CF has a sour flavor accompanied by its characteristic odor. The use of fermented CF as a composite is limited because of their off-odors. Modifications in CF processing have given rise to prefixes such as: modified, unmodified, gelatinized, fortified, native, roasted, malted, wet, and dry. Consumed alone, mostly in reconstituted dough form with soups, CF may also serve as a composite in the processing of various flour-based food products. Fermenting with microorganisms such as Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in a significant increase in the protein content and a decrease in the cyanide content of CF. However, there are concerns regarding its safety for consumption. Pre-gelatinized CF has potential for the textural and structural improvement of bakery products. The average particle size of the CF also influences its functional properties and, subsequently, the quality of its products. Cassava flour is best stored at ambient temperature. Standardizing the processing of CF is a challenge because it is mostly processed in artisanal units. Furthermore, each variety of the root best suits a particular application. Therefore, understanding the influence of processing variables on the characteristics of CF may improve the utilization of CF locally and globally.
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Ren H, Zhao X, Li W, Hussain J, Qi G, Liu S. Calcium Signaling in Plant Programmed Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051089. [PMID: 34063263 PMCID: PMC8147489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process intended for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by eliminating old, damaged, or unwanted cells. In plants, PCD takes place during developmental processes and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to the field of animal studies, PCD is not well understood in plants. Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal cell signaling entity and regulates numerous physiological activities across all the kingdoms of life. The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ is a prerequisite for the induction of PCD in plants. Although over the past years, we have witnessed significant progress in understanding the role of Ca2+ in the regulation of PCD, it is still unclear how the upstream stress perception leads to the Ca2+ elevation and how the signal is further propagated to result in the onset of PCD. In this review article, we discuss recent advancements in the field, and compare the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD in biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we discuss the upstream and downstream components of Ca2+ signaling and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in PCD. The review is expected to provide new insights into the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD and to identify gaps for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan;
| | - Guoning Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Q.); (S.L.)
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (H.R.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Q.); (S.L.)
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15
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Luna J, Dufour D, Tran T, Pizarro M, Calle F, García Domínguez M, Hurtado IM, Sánchez T, Ceballos H. Post‐harvest physiological deterioration in several cassava genotypes over sequential harvests and effect of pruning prior to harvest. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luna
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Dominique Dufour
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
- CIRAD UMR QUALISUD 73 rue JF Breton MontpellierF‐34398France
- Qualisud Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro Univ d'Avignon Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
- CIRAD UMR QUALISUD AA6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Thierry Tran
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
- Qualisud Univ Montpellier CIRAD Montpellier SupAgro Univ d'Avignon Univ de La Réunion Montpellier France
- CIRAD UMR QUALISUD AA6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Mónica Pizarro
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Fernando Calle
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Moralba García Domínguez
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Iván M. Hurtado
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Teresa Sánchez
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
| | - Hernán Ceballos
- CGIAR Research Program on Roots Tubers and Bananas (RTB). The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali Colombia
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An F, Baker MR, Qin Y, Chen S, Li QX. Relevance of Class I α-Mannosidases to Cassava Postharvest Physiological Deterioration. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8739-8746. [PMID: 31459963 PMCID: PMC6648743 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Class I α-mannosidases (MNSs) play important roles in protein N-glycosylation. However, no data are currently available about MNSs in cassava (Manihot esculenta), of which the functions are therefore not known, particularly in relevance to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). A total of seven genes were identified from the cassava genome in the present study. Two (MeMNS2 and MeMNS6) of the seven genes may be pseudogenes, as indicated by sequence alignment and exon-intron organizations. Five MNSs could be classified into three subfamilies. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that MNS genes have distinct expression patterns in different tissues between sugar cassava and cultivated cassava varieties, indicating their functional diversity. A PPD response and defense model was proposed based on the transcription data of MNSs and genes involved in reactive oxygen species, signal transduction, and cell wall remodeling. The findings help in the understanding of PPD responses in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei An
- Tropical
Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural
Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources
Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Margaret R. Baker
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yuling Qin
- Tropical
Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural
Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources
Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Songbi Chen
- Tropical
Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural
Sciences/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for Germplasm Resources
Conservation and Utilization of Cassava, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Coelho DG, Fonseca KS, de Mélo Neto DF, de Andrade MT, Coelho Junior LF, Ferreira-Silva SL, Simões ADN. Association of preharvest management with oxidative protection and enzymatic browning in minimally processed cassava. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12840. [PMID: 31353528 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine oxidative protection and enzymatic browning in the storage of minimally processed cassava and their relationship with population density and harvest age. Population densities were 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 plants m-2 . After being harvested at 300, 360, or 420 days after planting, cassava were minimally processed and stored at 5 ± 2°C. It was observed that superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) play key roles in the tolerance of young roots to browning. Planting density, however, does not appear to be a key factor modulating the activity of the enzymes studied. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Younger harvested cassava roots, harvested at 300 days, are more tolerant to enzymatic browning. This appears to be in part due to enzymatic activity modulation of the SOD, CAT, and POD enzymes. In addition, it has been demonstrated that agronomic techniques aimed at increasing productivity, such as increasing the planting density of cassava, do not alter the biomarkers of postharvest quality. In summary, evidence that field management may be an efficient approach to improving the conservation of minimally processed cassava is provided. We believe that the findings of this paper will be of great interest regarding the influence of field management on the postharvest quality of freshly cut cassava and will also provide applicable results relating to its production chain.
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Beyene G, Solomon FR, Chauhan RD, Gaitán‐Solis E, Narayanan N, Gehan J, Siritunga D, Stevens RL, Jifon J, Van Eck J, Linsler E, Gehan M, Ilyas M, Fregene M, Sayre RT, Anderson P, Taylor NJ, Cahoon EB. Provitamin A biofortification of cassava enhances shelf life but reduces dry matter content of storage roots due to altered carbon partitioning into starch. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1186-1200. [PMID: 29193665 PMCID: PMC5978869 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a major subsistence crop of sub-Saharan Africa, are calorie rich but deficient in essential micronutrients, including provitamin A β-carotene. In this study, β-carotene concentrations in cassava storage roots were enhanced by co-expression of transgenes for deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), mediated by the patatin-type 1 promoter. Storage roots harvested from field-grown plants accumulated carotenoids to ≤50 μg/g DW, 15- to 20-fold increases relative to roots from nontransgenic plants. Approximately 85%-90% of these carotenoids accumulated as all-trans-β-carotene, the most nutritionally efficacious carotenoid. β-Carotene-accumulating storage roots displayed delayed onset of postharvest physiological deterioration, a major constraint limiting utilization of cassava products. Large metabolite changes were detected in β-carotene-enhanced storage roots. Most significantly, an inverse correlation was observed between β-carotene and dry matter content, with reductions of 50%-60% of dry matter content in the highest carotenoid-accumulating storage roots of different cultivars. Further analysis confirmed a concomitant reduction in starch content and increased levels of total fatty acids, triacylglycerols, soluble sugars and abscisic acid. Potato engineered to co-express DXS and crtB displayed a similar correlation between β-carotene accumulation, reduced dry matter and starch content and elevated oil and soluble sugars in tubers. Transcriptome analyses revealed a reduced expression of genes involved in starch biosynthesis including ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genes in transgenic, carotene-accumulating cassava roots relative to nontransgenic roots. These findings highlight unintended metabolic consequences of provitamin A biofortification of starch-rich organs and point to strategies for redirecting metabolic flux to restore starch production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Felix R. Solomon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationDepartment of BiochemistryE318 Beadle CenterUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimuth Siritunga
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Puerto RicoMayaguezPuerto Rico
| | | | - John Jifon
- Department of Horticultural SciencesTexas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension CenterWeslacoTXUSA
| | | | | | - Malia Gehan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - Martin Fregene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
African Development BankAbidjan 01Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Richard T. Sayre
- New Mexico ConsortiumLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA
| | | | | | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationDepartment of BiochemistryE318 Beadle CenterUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
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