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Khalil Y, Carrino S, Lin F, Ferlin A, Lad HV, Mazzacuva F, Falcone S, Rivers N, Banks G, Concas D, Aguilar C, Haynes AR, Blease A, Nicol T, Al-Shawi R, Heywood W, Potter P, Mills K, Gale DP, Clayton PT. Tissue Proteome of 2-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Lyase Deficient Mice Reveals Peroxisome Proliferation and Activation of ω-Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020987. [PMID: 35055171 PMCID: PMC8781152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomal fatty acid α-oxidation is an essential pathway for the degradation of β-carbon methylated fatty acids such as phytanic acid. One enzyme in this pathway is 2-hydroxyacyl CoA lyase (HACL1), which is responsible for the cleavage of 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA into pristanal and formyl-CoA. Hacl1 deficient mice do not present with a severe phenotype, unlike mice deficient in other α-oxidation enzymes such as phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase deficiency (Refsum disease) in which neuropathy and ataxia are present. Tissues from wild-type and Hacl1−/− mice fed a high phytol diet were obtained for proteomic and lipidomic analysis. There was no phenotype observed in these mice. Liver, brain, and kidney tissues underwent trypsin digestion for untargeted proteomic liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, while liver tissues also underwent fatty acid hydrolysis, extraction, and derivatisation for fatty acid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The liver fatty acid profile demonstrated an accumulation of phytanic and 2-hydroxyphytanic acid in the Hacl1−/− liver and significant decrease in heptadecanoic acid. The liver proteome showed a significant decrease in the abundance of Hacl1 and a significant increase in the abundance of proteins involved in PPAR signalling, peroxisome proliferation, and omega oxidation, particularly Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14. In addition, the pathway associated with arachidonic acid metabolism was affected; Cyp2c55 was upregulated and Cyp4f14 and Cyp2b9 were downregulated. The kidney proteome revealed fewer significantly upregulated peroxisomal proteins and the brain proteome was not significantly different in Hacl1−/− mice. This study demonstrates the powerful insight brought by proteomic and metabolomic profiling of Hacl1−/− mice in better understanding disease mechanism in fatty acid α-oxidation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Khalil
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Sara Carrino
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fujun Lin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (F.L.); (A.F.); (D.P.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Anna Ferlin
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (F.L.); (A.F.); (D.P.G.)
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Heena V. Lad
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
- Department of Bioscience, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK
| | - Sara Falcone
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Natalie Rivers
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Gareth Banks
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Danilo Concas
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Andrew R. Haynes
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Andy Blease
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Thomas Nicol
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Raya Al-Shawi
- Genetics Unit and Wolfson Drug Discovery Unit, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | - Wendy Heywood
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Paul Potter
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; (H.V.L.); (S.F.); (N.R.); (G.B.); (D.C.); (C.A.); (A.R.H.); (A.B.); (T.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Kevin Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
| | - Daniel P. Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK; (F.L.); (A.F.); (D.P.G.)
| | - Peter T. Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (Y.K.); (S.C.); (F.M.); (W.H.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Kleinecke S, Richert S, de Hoz L, Brügger B, Kungl T, Asadollahi E, Quintes S, Blanz J, McGonigal R, Naseri K, Sereda MW, Sachsenheimer T, Lüchtenborg C, Möbius W, Willison H, Baes M, Nave KA, Kassmann CM. Peroxisomal dysfunctions cause lysosomal storage and axonal Kv1 channel redistribution in peripheral neuropathy. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28470148 PMCID: PMC5417850 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of peripheral nerve function is frequent in neurometabolic diseases, but mechanistically not well understood. Here, we report a novel disease mechanism and the finding that glial lipid metabolism is critical for axon function, independent of myelin itself. Surprisingly, nerves of Schwann cell-specific Pex5 mutant mice were unaltered regarding axon numbers, axonal calibers, and myelin sheath thickness by electron microscopy. In search for a molecular mechanism, we revealed enhanced abundance and internodal expression of axonal membrane proteins normally restricted to juxtaparanodal lipid-rafts. Gangliosides were altered and enriched within an expanded lysosomal compartment of paranodal loops. We revealed the same pathological features in a mouse model of human Adrenomyeloneuropathy, preceding disease-onset by one year. Thus, peroxisomal dysfunction causes secondary failure of local lysosomes, thereby impairing the turnover of gangliosides in myelin. This reveals a new aspect of axon-glia interactions, with Schwann cell lipid metabolism regulating the anchorage of juxtaparanodal Kv1-channels. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23332.001 Nerve cells transmit messages along their length in the form of electrical signals. Much like an electrical wire, the nerve fiber or axon is coated by a multiple-layered insulation, called the myelin sheath. However, unlike electrical insulation, the myelin sheath is regularly interrupted to expose short regions of the underlying nerve. These exposed regions and the adjacent regions underneath the myelin contain ion channels that help to propagate electrical signals along the axon. Peroxisomes are compartments in animal cells that process fats. Genetic mutations that prevent peroxisomes from working properly can lead to diseases where the nerves cannot transmit signals correctly. This is thought to be because the nerves lose their myelin sheath, which largely consists of fatty molecules. The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord are known as peripheral nerves. Kleinecke et al. have now analyzed peripheral nerves from mice that had one of three different genetic mutations, preventing their peroxisomes from working correctly. Even in cases where the mutation severely impaired nerve signaling, the peripheral nerves retained their myelin sheath. The peroxisome mutations did affect a particular type of potassium ion channel and the anchor proteins that hold these channels in place. The role of these potassium ion channels is not fully known, but normally they are only found close to regions of the axon that are not coated by myelin. However, the peroxisome mutations meant that the channels and their protein anchors were now also located along the myelinated segments of the nerve’s axons. This redistribution of the potassium ion channels likely contributes to the peripheral nerves being unable to signal properly. In addition, Kleinecke et al. found that disrupting the peroxisomes also affected another cell compartment, called the lysosome, in the nerve cells that insulate axons with myelin sheaths. Lysosomes help to break down unwanted fat molecules. Mutant mice had more lysosomes than normal, but these lysosomes did not work efficiently. This caused the nerve cells to store more of certain types of molecules, including molecules called glycolipids that stabilize protein anchors, which hold the potassium channels in place. A likely result is that protein anchors that would normally be degraded are not, leading to the potassium channels appearing inappropriately throughout the nerve. Future work is now needed to investigate whether peroxisomal diseases cause similar changes in the brain. The results presented by Kleinecke et al. also suggest that targeting the lysosomes or the potassium channels could present new ways to treat disorders of the peroxisomes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23332.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kleinecke
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Richert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- University of Heidelberg, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Quintes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Blanz
- Unit of Molecular Cell Biology and Transgenic, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Sachsenheimer
- University of Heidelberg, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugh Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Celia Michèle Kassmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Meller S, Meyer HA, Bethan B, Dietrich D, Maldonado SG, Lein M, Montani M, Reszka R, Schatz P, Peter E, Stephan C, Jung K, Kamlage B, Kristiansen G. Integration of tissue metabolomics, transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry reveals ERG- and gleason score-specific metabolomic alterations in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1421-38. [PMID: 26623558 PMCID: PMC4811470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated analysis of metabolomics, transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry can contribute to a deeper understanding of biological processes altered in cancer and possibly enable improved diagnostic or prognostic tests. In this study, a set of 254 metabolites was determined by gas-chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in matched malignant and non-malignant prostatectomy samples of 106 prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Transcription analysis of matched samples was performed on a set of 15 PCa patients using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. Expression of several proteins was immunohistochemically determined in 41 matched patient samples and the association with clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed by an integrated data analysis. These results further outline the highly deregulated metabolism of fatty acids, sphingolipids and polyamines in PCa. For the first time, the impact of the ERG translocation on the metabolome was demonstrated, highlighting an altered fatty acid oxidation in TMPRSS2-ERG translocation positive PCa specimens. Furthermore, alterations in cholesterol metabolism were found preferentially in high grade tumors, enabling the cells to create energy storage. With this integrated analysis we could not only confirm several findings from previous metabolomic studies, but also contradict others and finally expand our concepts of deregulated biological pathways in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Meller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hellmuth-A Meyer
- Campus Wilhelminenhof, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lein
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Teaching Hospital, Offenbach, Germany
| | - Matteo Montani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Carsten Stephan
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Mechanistic analysis of metabolomics patterns in rat plasma during administration of direct thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitors or compounds increasing thyroid hormone clearance. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:240-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jung K, Reszka R, Kamlage B, Bethan B, Stephan C, Lein M, Kristiansen G. Tissue metabolite profiling identifies differentiating and prognostic biomarkers for prostate carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2914-24. [PMID: 23737455 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomic research offers a deeper insight into biochemical changes in cancer metabolism and is a promising tool for identifying novel biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of metabolites in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue after radical prostatectomy. In matched malignant and nonmalignant prostatectomy samples from 95 PCa patients, aminoadipic acid, cerebronic acid, gluconic acid, glycerophosphoethanolamine, 2-hydroxybehenic acid, isopentenyl pyrophosphate, maltotriose, 7-methylguanine and tricosanoic acid were determined within a global metabolite profiling study using gas chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were related to clinicopathological variables like prostate volume, tumor stage, Gleason score, preoperative prostate-specific antigen and disease recurrence in the follow-up. All nine metabolites showed higher concentrations in malignant than in nonmalignant samples except for gluconic acid and maltotriose, which had lower levels in tumors. Receiver -operating characteristics analysis demonstrated a significant discrimination for all metabolites between malignant and nonmalignant tissue with a maximal area under the curve of 0.86 for tricosanoic acid, whereas no correlation was observed between the metabolite levels and the Gleason score or tumor stage except for gluconic acid. Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that levels of aminoadipic acid, gluconic acid and maltotriose were associated with the biochemical tumor recurrence (prostate-specific antigen > 0.2 ng/mL). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, aminoadipic acid together with tumor stage and Gleason score remained in a model as independent marker for prediction of biochemical recurrence. This study proved that metabolites in PCa tissue can be used, in combination with traditional clinicopathological factors, as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Schumannstraß 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Schumannstraße 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Foulon V, Sniekers M, Huysmans E, Asselberghs S, Mahieu V, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP, Casteels M. Breakdown of 2-hydroxylated straight chain fatty acids via peroxisomal 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase: a revised pathway for the alpha-oxidation of straight chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:9802-12. [PMID: 15644336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413362200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxyfatty acids, constituents of brain cerebrosides and sulfatides, were previously reported to be degraded by an alpha-oxidation system, generating fatty acids shortened by one carbon atom. In the current study we used labeled and unlabeled 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid to reinvestigate the degradation of this class of lipids. Both in intact and broken cell systems formate was identified as a main reaction product. Furthermore, the generation of an n-1 aldehyde was demonstrated. In permeabilized rat hepatocytes and liver homogenates, studies on cofactor requirements revealed a dependence on ATP, CoA, Mg(2+), thiamine pyrophosphate, and NAD(+). Together with subcellular fractionation data and studies on recombinant enzymes, this led to the following picture. In a first step, the 2-hydroxyfatty acid is activated to an acyl-CoA; subsequently, the 2-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA is cleaved by 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase, to formyl-CoA and an n-1 aldehyde. The severe inhibition of formate generation by oxythiamin treatment of intact fibroblasts indicates that cleavage through the thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase is the main pathway for the degradation of 2-hydroxyfatty acids. The latter protein was initially characterized as an essential enzyme in the peroxisomal alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids such as phytanic acid. Our findings point to a new role for peroxisomes in mammals, i.e. the breakdown of 2-hydroxyfatty acids, at least the long chain 2-hydroxyfatty acids. Most likely, the more abundant very long chain 2-hydroxyfatty acids are degraded in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Foulon
- Afdeling Farmacologie, Departement Celbiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Muth A, Mosandl A, Wanders RJA, Nowaczyk MJM, Baric I, Böhles H, Sewell AC. Stereoselective analysis of 2-hydroxysebacic acid in urine of patients with Zellweger syndrome and of premature infants fed with medium-chain triglycerides. J Inherit Metab Dis 2003; 26:583-92. [PMID: 14605504 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025908216639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The chiral metabolite 2-hydroxysebacic acid (2-HS) is considered to be an important diagnostic marker for peroxisomal disorders. The pathway of formation of 2-HS, excreted in increased amounts in patients with peroxisomal diseases, is not absolutely clear. Moreover, there is no information about the enantiomeric distribution of 2-HS in human urine. Here, we describe the stereodifferentiation of 2-HS in urine samples of nine patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS), and for the first time in urine samples of premature infants fed a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-containing diet. Using enantioselective multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, an increased excretion of 2R-HS was observed in all investigated ZS patients. 2-HS was also present in urine samples of premature infants fed MCT. Analogously to the ZS patients, a dominant 2R-HS excretion in the urine samples of the premature infants was identified. The formation of 2-HS is expected to result from the same or similar pathways as described for ZS patients. Additionally, we determined the absolute configuration of urinary 3-hydroxysebacic acid (3-HS) in the cases investigated. The enantioselective analysis provides further information for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with impaired peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. Further insight into the metabolic origin and the biochemical pathway leading to these urinary metabolites is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muth
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Petriv OI, Pilgrim DB, Rachubinski RA, Titorenko VI. RNA interference of peroxisome-related genes in C. elegans: a new model for human peroxisomal disorders. Physiol Genomics 2002; 10:79-91. [PMID: 12181365 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00044.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) for the posttranscriptional silencing of genes was used to evaluate the importance of various peroxisomal enzymes and peroxins for the development of Caenorhabditis elegans and to compare the roles of these proteins in the nematode to their roles in yeasts and humans. The nematode counterparts of the human ATP-binding cassette half-transporters, the enzymes alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase and Delta(3,5)-Delta (2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, the receptors for peroxisomal membrane and matrix proteins (Pex19p and Pex5p), and components of the docking and translocation machineries for matrix proteins (Pex13p and Pex12p) are essential for the development of C. elegans. Unexpectedly, RNAi silencing of the acyl-CoA synthetase-mediated activation of fatty acids, the alpha- and beta-oxidation of fatty acids, the intraperoxisomal decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and the peroxins Pex1p, Pex2p, and Pex6p had no apparent effect on C. elegans development. The described analysis of functional gene knockouts through RNAi provides a basis for the use of C. elegans as a valuable model system with which to study the molecular and physiological defects underlying the human peroxisomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh I Petriv
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjit Singh
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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