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Lin H, Patel S, Affleck VS, Wilson I, Turnbull DM, Joshi AR, Maxwell R, Stoll EA. Fatty acid oxidation is required for the respiration and proliferation of malignant glioma cells. Neuro Oncol 2016; 19:43-54. [PMID: 27365097 PMCID: PMC5193020 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with approximately 4 cases per 100 000 people each year. Gliomas, like many tumors, are thought to primarily metabolize glucose for energy production; however, the reliance upon glycolysis has recently been called into question. In this study, we aimed to identify the metabolic fuel requirements of human glioma cells. METHODS We used database searches and tissue culture resources to evaluate genotype and protein expression, tracked oxygen consumption rates to study metabolic responses to various substrates, performed histochemical techniques and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based mitotic profiling to study cellular proliferation rates, and employed an animal model of malignant glioma to evaluate a new therapeutic intervention. RESULTS We observed the presence of enzymes required for fatty acid oxidation within human glioma tissues. In addition, we demonstrated that this metabolic pathway is a major contributor to aerobic respiration in primary-cultured cells isolated from human glioma and grown under serum-free conditions. Moreover, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation reduces proliferative activity in these primary-cultured cells and prolongs survival in a syngeneic mouse model of malignant glioma. CONCLUSIONS Fatty acid oxidation enzymes are present and active within glioma tissues. Targeting this metabolic pathway reduces energy production and cellular proliferation in glioma cells. The drug etomoxir may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with malignant glioma. In addition, the expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes may provide prognostic indicators for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Lin
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Shaan Patel
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Valerie S Affleck
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Ian Wilson
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Douglass M Turnbull
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Abhijit R Joshi
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Ross Maxwell
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
| | - Elizabeth A Stoll
- M.Sc. Programme in Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (H.L., V.S.A.); B.Sc. Programme in Physiology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (S.P.); Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (I.W., R.M.); Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T., E.A.S.); Centre for Brain Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (D.M.T.); Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (A.R.J.)
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Silden E, Hjelle SM, Wergeland L, Sulen A, Andresen V, Bourdon JC, Micklem DR, McCormack E, Gjertsen BT. Expression of TP53 isoforms p53β or p53γ enhances chemosensitivity in TP53(null) cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56276. [PMID: 23409163 PMCID: PMC3569410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxy-terminal truncated p53 alternative spliced isoforms, p53β and p53γ, are expressed at disparate levels in cancer and are suggested to influence treatment response and therapy outcome. However, their functional role in cancer remains to be elucidated. We investigated their individual functionality in the p53null background of cell lines H1299 and SAOS-2 by stable retroviral transduction or transient transfection. Expression status of p53β and p53γ protein was found to correlate with increased response to camptothecin and doxorubicin chemotherapy. Decreased DNA synthesis and clonogenicity in p53β and p53γ congenic H1299 was accompanied by increased p21(CIP1/WAF1), Bax and Mdm2 proteins. Chemotherapy induced p53 isoform degradation, most prominent for p53γ. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib substantially increased basal p53γ protein level, while the level of p53β protein was unaffected. Treatment with dicoumarol, a putative blocker of the proteasome-related NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase NQO1, effectively attenuated basal p53γ protein level in spite of bortezomib treatment. Although in vitro proliferation and clonogenicity assays indicated a weak suppressive effect by p53β and p53γ expression, studies of in vivo subcutaneous H1299 tumor growth demonstrated a significantly increased growth by expression of either p53 isoforms. This study suggests that p53β and p53γ share functionality in chemosensitizing and tumor growth enhancement but comprise distinct regulation at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Silden
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sigrun M. Hjelle
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Line Wergeland
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - André Sulen
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Andresen
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Inserm-European Associated Laboratory Inserm U858, Department of Surgery and Molecular Oncology, University of Dundee Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emmet McCormack
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Hematology Section, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Hematology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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