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Paula VG, Sinzato YK, Moraes Souza RQ, Soares TS, Souza FQG, Karki B, Andrade Paes AM, Corrente JE, Damasceno DC, Volpato GT. Metabolic changes in female rats exposed to intrauterine Hyperglycemia and post-weaning consumption of high-fat diet. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:200-212. [PMID: 34668971 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of the hyperglycemic intrauterine environment and post-weaning consumption of a high-fat diet on the glycemia, insulin, lipid and immunological profile of rat offspring in adulthood. Female rats received citrate buffer (Control - C) or Streptozotocin (a beta cell-cytotoxic drug to induce diabetes - D) on post-natal day 5. In adulthood, these rats were mated to obtain female offspring, who were fed a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) from weaning to adulthood (n = 10 rats/group). OC/SD and OC/HFD represent female offspring of control mothers and received SD or HFD, respectively; OD/SD and OD/HFD represent female offspring of diabetic mothers and received SD or HFD, respectively. At adulthood, the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed and, next, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized. Pancreas was collected and analyzed, and adipose tissue was weighted. Blood samples were collected to determine biochemical and immunological profiles. The food intake was lower in HFD-fed rats and visceral fat weight was increased in the OD/HFD group. OC/HFD, OD/SD, and OD/HFD groups presented glucose intolerance and lower insulin secretion during OGTT. An impaired pancreatic beta-cell function was shown in the adult offspring of diabetic rats, regardless of diet. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations were lower in the OD/HFD group and associated to a low-grade inflammatory condition. The fetal programming was responsible for impaired beta cell function in experimental animals. The association of maternal diabetes and post-weaning high-fat diet is responsible for greater glucose intolerance, impaired insulin secretion and immunological change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônyca Gonçalves Paula
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Yuri Karen Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Thaigra Souza Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
| | - Franciane Quintanilha Gallego Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Barshana Karki
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA -Maranhão State, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Research Support Office, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_Unesp, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tocogynecology Postgraduate Course, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tadeu Volpato
- Laboratory of System Physiology and Reproductive Toxicology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso State, Brazil
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Oliveira AC, Andreotti S, Chimin P, Sertié RAL, Farias TDSM, Torres-Leal FL, de Proença ARG, Campaña AB, D'Avila LSP, Oliveira KA, Lima FB. Neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mothers promotes metabolic programming of adipose tissue in male rat offspring. Life Sci 2015; 136:151-6. [PMID: 26144624 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy can lead to fetal changes, like macrosomia or obesity in adultlife. Experimentalmodels of diabetes have been studied to evaluate the consequences of offspring lipidmetabolism. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in adipose tissue of offspring of streptozotocininduced diabetic mothers during neonatal period. MAIN METHODS Diabetes was induced in female rats by streptozotocin administration on 5th day of life. In adulthood, female rats were bred with control male rats. Male puppies were sacrificed on 12th week of life and epididymal (EP) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose fat pads were excised and weighted. Adipocytes were isolated and evaluated for basal and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, oxidation of glucose into CO2, and incorporationof glucose into lipids and lipolytic capacity. KEY FINDINGS Bodyweight, EP fat padweight and diameter of adipocytes fromoffspring of diabeticmothers were increased in comparison to offspring of control mothers. EP adipocytes from offspring of diabetic mothers presented increased basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake in comparison to control ones. Similar pattern was observed for glucose oxidation into CO2 and incorporation into lipids. However, significant difference in lipolytic capacity in vitrowas not observed. Protein content of GLUT4, insulin receptor and acetyl-CoA carboxylase was significantly increased in EP fat pad of offspring of diabetic mothers in relation to control group. SIGNIFICANCE Metabolic programming occurred in the adipose tissue of offspring of diabetic mothers, increasing its capacity to store lipids with no changes in lipolytic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariclécio C Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Andreotti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chimin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério A L Sertié
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita da S M Farias
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco L Torres-Leal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
| | - André R G de Proença
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda B Campaña
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Keciany A Oliveira
- Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fábio B Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Yessoufou A, Nekoua MP, Gbankoto A, Mashalla Y, Moutairou K. Beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids in gestational diabetes: consequences in macrosomia and adulthood obesity. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:731434. [PMID: 25961055 PMCID: PMC4415737 DOI: 10.1155/2015/731434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are increasingly being used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes and obesity. In this paper, we report data on the observed effects of omega-3 PUFA on major metabolic disorders and immune system disruption during gestational diabetes and their consequences on macrosomia. While controversies still exist about omega-3 PUFA effects on antioxidant status regarding the level of omega-3 PUFA in diet supplementation, their lipid-lowering effects are unanimously recognized by researchers. Animal studies have shown that omega-3 PUFA contributes to the maintenance of the immune defense system by promoting the differentiation of T helper (Th) cell to a Th2 phenotype in diabetic pregnancy and by shifting the Th1/Th2 ratio from a deleterious proinflammatory Th1 phenotype to a protective anti-inflammatory Th2 phenotype in macrosomia and in adulthood obesity that results from macrosomia at birth. Based on the available evidence, international nutritional and food agencies recommend administration of omega-3 PUFA as triglyceride-lowering agents, for the prevention of cardiovascular disease risk and during human pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, studies targeting humans are still required to explore application of the fatty acids as supplement in the management of gestational diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akadiri Yessoufou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
- *Akadiri Yessoufou:
| | - Magloire P. Nekoua
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adam Gbankoto
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Yohana Mashalla
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
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Effect of dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxidant/antioxidant status in macrosomic offspring of diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:368107. [PMID: 24987679 PMCID: PMC4060321 DOI: 10.1155/2014/368107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of dietary n − 3 PUFA on oxidant/antioxidant status, in vitro very low and low density lipoprotein (VLDL-LDL), and VLDL-LDL-fatty acid composition in macrosomic pups of diabetic mothers. We hypothesized that n − 3 PUFA would improve oxidative stress in macrosomia. Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats fed with the ISIO diet (control) or with the EPAX diet (enriched in n − 3 PUFAs), by streptozotocin. The macrosomic pups were killed at birth (day 0) and at adulthood (day 90). Lipid parameters and VLDL-LDL-fatty acid composition were investigated. The oxidant/antioxidant status was determined by measuring plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, and VLDL-LDL oxidation. Macrosomic rats of ISIO fed diabetic mothers showed an increase in plasma and VLDL-LDL-triglycerides and VLDL-LDL-cholesterol levels and altered VLDL-LDL-fatty acid composition. Plasma ORAC was low with high hydroperoxide and carbonyl protein levels. The in vitro oxidizability of VLDL-LDL was enhanced in these macrosomic rats. The EPAX diet corrected lipid parameters and improved oxidant/antioxidant status but increased VLDL-LDL susceptibility to oxidation. Macrosomia is associated with lipid abnormalities and oxidative stress. n − 3 PUFA exerts favorable effects on lipid metabolism and on the oxidant/antioxidant status of macrosomic rats. However, there are no evident effects on VLDL-LDL oxidation.
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Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Bueno A, Netto AO, Dallaqua B, Gallego FQ, Iessi IL, Corvino SB, Serrano RG, Marini G, Piculo F, Calderon IMP, Rudge MVC. Mild diabetes models and their maternal-fetal repercussions. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:473575. [PMID: 23878822 PMCID: PMC3710615 DOI: 10.1155/2013/473575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of diabetes in pregnancy leads to hormonal and metabolic changes making inappropriate intrauterine environment, favoring the onset of maternal and fetal complications. Human studies that explore mechanisms responsible for changes caused by diabetes are limited not only for ethical reasons but also by the many uncontrollable variables. Thus, there is a need to develop appropriate experimental models. The diabetes induced in laboratory animals can be performed by different methods depending on dose, route of administration, and the strain and age of animal used. Many of these studies are carried out in neonatal period or during pregnancy, but the results presented are controversial. So this paper, addresses the review about the different models of mild diabetes induction using streptozotocin in pregnant rats and their repercussions on the maternal and fetal organisms to propose an adequate model for each approached issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Y. K. Sinzato
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A. Bueno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A. O. Netto
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - B. Dallaqua
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F. Q. Gallego
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - I. L. Iessi
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - S. B. Corvino
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - R. G. Serrano
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Marini
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F. Piculo
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - I. M. P. Calderon
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M. V. C. Rudge
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Guermouche B, Yessoufou A, Soulimane N, Merzouk H, Moutairou K, Hichami A, Khan NA. n-3 Fatty Acids Modulate T-Cell Calcium Signaling in Obese Macrosomic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:1744-53. [PMID: 15601968 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of a diet containing EPAX-7010, rich in PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)], i.e., a PUFA/EPAX regimen, on T-cell activation in diabetic pregnant rats and their obese pups. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Mild hyperglycemia in pregnant rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin on Day 5 of gestation. T-cell blastogenesis was assayed by using (3)H-thymidine, whereas intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured by using Fura-2 in diabetic pregnant rats and their obese offspring. RESULTS Concavalin-A-stimulated T-cell proliferation was decreased in both pregnant diabetic rats and their obese pups as compared with control animals. Feeding the PUFA/EPAX diet restored T-cell proliferation in both groups of animals. We also employed ionomycin, which at 50 nM opens calcium channels, and thapsigargin (TG), which recruits [Ca(2+)]i from endoplasmic reticulum pool. We observed that ionomycin-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]i in T-cells of diabetic mothers and obese offspring were greater than in those of control rats. Furthermore, feeding PUFA/EPAX diet diminished significantly the ionomycin-evoked rise in [Ca(2+)]i in diabetic and obese animals. TG-induced increases in [Ca(2+)]i in T-cells of diabetic pregnant rats and their obese offspring were greater than in those of control rats. The feeding of the experimental diet significantly curtailed the TG-evoked increases in [Ca(2+)]i in both diabetic and obese rats. DISCUSSION Together, these observations provide evidence that T-cell activation and T-cell calcium signaling are altered during gestational diabetes and macrosomia. Hence, dietary fish oils, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, may restore these T-cell abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baya Guermouche
- Départment de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Tlemcen, Algeria
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Iessi IL, Bueno A, Sinzato YK, Taylor KN, Rudge MVC, Damasceno DC. Evaluation of neonatally-induced mild diabetes in rats: Maternal and fetal repercussions. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:37. [PMID: 20529353 PMCID: PMC2904722 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experimental studies have been performed to evaluate mild diabetes effects. However, results are divergent regarding glycemia and insulin measurement, fetal macrossomia, and placental weights. The aim was to investigate repercussions of neonatally-induced mild diabetes on the maternal organism and presence of congenital defects in their offspring in other mild diabetes model. On the day of birth, female offspring were distributed into two groups: Group streptozotocin (STZ): received 100 mg STZ/kg body weight, and Control Group: received vehicle in a similar time period. Maternal weights and glycemias were determined at days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of pregnancy. At day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and a laparotomy was performed to weigh and analyze living fetuses and placentas. The fetuses were classified as small (SPA), appropriate (APA) and large (LPA) for pregnancy age. Fetuses were also analyzed for the presence of external anomalies and processed for skeletal anomaly and ossification sites analysis. Statistical significance was considered as p < 0.05. In STZ group, there was increased glycemia at 0 and 14 days of pregnancy, lower weights throughout pregnancy, higher placental weight and index, an increased proportion of fetuses classified as SPA and LPA, and their fetuses presented with an increased frequency of abnormal sternebra, and absent cervical nuclei, which were not enough to cause the emergence of skeletal anomalies. Thus, this study shows that mild diabetes altered fetal development, characterized by intrauterine growth restriction. Further, the reached glycemia does not lead to any major congenital defects in the fetuses of streptozotocin-induced mild diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela L Iessi
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Aline Bueno
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Kristin N Taylor
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Marilza VC Rudge
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Saito FH, Damasceno DC, Kempinas WG, Morceli G, Sinzato YK, Taylor KN, Rudge MVC. Repercussions of mild diabetes on pregnancy in Wistar rats and on the fetal development. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:26. [PMID: 20416073 PMCID: PMC2874517 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental models are necessary to elucidate diabetes pathophysiological mechanisms not yet understood in humans. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the repercussions of the mild diabetes, considering two methodologies, on the pregnancy of Wistar rats and on the development of their offspring. METHODS In the 1st induction, female offspring were distributed into two experimental groups: Group streptozotocin (STZ, n = 67): received the beta-cytotoxic agent (100 mg STZ/kg body weight - sc) on the 1st day of the life; and Non-diabetic Group (ND, n = 14): received the vehicle in a similar time period. In the adult life, the animals were mated. After a positive diagnosis of pregnancy (0), female rats from group STZ presenting with lower glycemia than 120 mg/dL received more 20 mg STZ/kg (ip) at day 7 of pregnancy (2nd induction). The female rats with glycemia higher than 120 mg/dL were discarded because they reproduced results already found in the literature. In the mornings of days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of the pregnancy glycemia was determined. At day 21 of pregnancy (at term), the female rats were anesthetized and killed for maternal reproductive performance and fetal development analysis. The data were analyzed using Student-Newman-Keuls, Chi-square and Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) Tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS STZ rats presented increased rates of pre (STZ = 22.0%; ND = 5.1%) and post-implantation losses (STZ = 26.1%; ND = 5.7%), reduced rates of fetuses with appropriate weight for gestational age (STZ = 66%; ND = 93%) and reduced degree of development (ossification sites). CONCLUSION Mild diabetes led a negative impact on maternal reproductive performance and caused intrauterine growth restriction and impaired fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe H Saito
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Wilma G Kempinas
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Morphology, Laboratório de Biologia e Toxicologia da Reprodução e do Desenvolvimento - ReproTox, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Glilciane Morceli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Kristin N Taylor
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Marilza VC Rudge
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory of Experimental Research of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Khan NA. Role of lipids and fatty acids in macrosomic offspring of diabetic pregnancy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 48:79-88. [PMID: 17709877 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic pregnancy frequently results in macrosomia or fetal obesity. It seems that the anomalies in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in macrosomic infants of diabetic mothers are due to maternal hyperglycemia, which leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia. We have developed a rat model of macrosomic offspring and assessed the onset of obesity in these animals. The macrosomic offspring born to diabetic mothers are prone to the development of glucose intolerance and obesity as a function of age. It seems that in utero programming during diabetic pregnancy creates a "metabolic memory" which is responsible for the development of obesity in macrosomic offspring. We have demonstrated that the metabolism of lipids, and altered anti-oxidant status and immune system are implicated in the etiopathology of obesity in these animals. We have reported beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in obese animals, born to diabetic dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Akhtar Khan
- Department of Physiology, UPRES Lipides & Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
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Yessoufou A, Soulaimann N, Merzouk SA, Moutairou K, Ahissou H, Prost J, Simonin AM, Merzouk H, Hichami A, Khan NA. N-3 Fatty acids modulate antioxidant status in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30:739-50. [PMID: 16418759 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in the modulation of total antioxidant status in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. DESIGN Female wistar rats, fed on control diet or n-3 PUFA diet, were rendered diabetic by administration of five mild doses of STZ on day 5 and were killed on days 12 and 21 of gestation. The macrosomic (MAC) pups were killed at the age of 60 and 90 days. MEASUREMENTS Lipid peroxidation was measured as the concentrations of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the total antioxidant status was determined by measuring (i) plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), (ii) plasma vitamin A, E and C concentrations, and (iii) antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes. The plasma lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition were also determined. RESULTS Diabetes increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, whereas macrosomia was associated with enhanced plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which diminished by feeding n-3 PUFA diet. N-3 PUFA diet also reduced increased plasma TBARS and corrected the decreased ORAC values in diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. EPAX diet increased the diminished vitamin A levels in diabetic mothers and vitamin C concentrations in macrosomic pups. Also, this diet improved the decreased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in diabetic and macrosomic animals. CONCLUSION Diabetes and macrosomia were associated with altered lipid metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin concentrations. N-3 PUFA diet improved hyperlipidemia and restored antioxidant status in diabetic dams and MAC offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yessoufou
- Department of Physiology, UPRES Lipids and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
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Soulimane-Mokhtari NA, Guermouche B, Yessoufou A, Saker M, Moutairou K, Hichami A, Merzouk H, Khan NA. Modulation of lipid metabolism by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetic rats and their macrosomic offspring. Clin Sci (Lond) 2005; 109:287-95. [PMID: 15898958 DOI: 10.1042/cs20050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The time course of changes in lipid metabolism by dietary n-3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats during pregnancy (days 12 and 21) and their macrosomic offspring at birth (day 0) and through adulthood (days 60 and 90) was studied with respect to adipose tissue, liver and serum lipid concentrations, and fatty acid composition. Glucose and insulin levels were also assessed in order to characterize the diabetic state of macrosomic offspring. Pregnant diabetic and control rats were fed either an Isio-4 or EPAX diet (enriched with n-3 PUFA). The same diets were also consumed by pups at weaning. Compared with control rats, during pregnancy diabetic rats had a significant elevation in liver and serum triacylglycerol (triglyceride) and cholesterol concentrations. At birth, macrosomic pups had higher serum insulin and glucose levels than control pups. The macrosomic rats maintained accelerated postnatal growth combined with high adipose tissue weight and lipid content through the first 12 weeks of age. The macrosomic pups from diabetic rats fed the Isio-4 diet also showed a significant enhancement in liver and serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels at birth and during adulthood. Feeding the EPAX diet to diabetic mothers as well as their macrosomic pups increased serum and liver levels of EPA (eicospentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) with a reduction in arachidonic acid. The EPAX diet induced a significant decrease in liver and serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in mothers during pregnancy and in their macrosomic pups during adulthood. Since the EPAX diet improves lipid anomalies considerably in diabetic mothers and their macrosomic offspring, it may prevent long-term metabolic abnormalities associated with macrosomia.
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