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Role of Dietary Nutritional Treatment on Hepatic and Intestinal Damage in Transplantation with Steatotic and Non-Steatotic Liver Grafts from Brain Dead Donors. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082554. [PMID: 34444713 PMCID: PMC8400262 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigate whether: (1) the administration of glucose or a lipid emulsion is useful in liver transplantation (LT) using steatotic (induced genetically or nutritionally) or non-steatotic livers from donors after brain death (DBDs); and (2) any such benefits are due to reductions in intestinal damage and consequently to gut microbiota preservation. In recipients from DBDs, we show increased hepatic damage and failure in the maintenance of ATP, glycogen, phospholipid and growth factor (HGF, IGF1 and VEGFA) levels, compared to recipients from non-DBDs. In recipients of non-steatotic grafts from DBDs, the administration of glucose or lipids did not protect against hepatic damage. This was associated with unchanged ATP, glycogen, phospholipid and growth factor levels. However, the administration of lipids in steatotic grafts from DBDs protected against damage and ATP and glycogen drop and increased phospholipid levels. This was associated with increases in growth factors. In all recipients from DBDs, intestinal inflammation and damage (evaluated by LPS, vascular permeability, mucosal damage, TLR4, TNF, IL1, IL-10, MPO, MDA and edema formation) was not shown. In such cases, potential changes in gut microbiota would not be relevant since neither inflammation nor damage was evidenced in the intestine following LT in any of the groups evaluated. In conclusion, lipid treatment is the preferable nutritional support to protect against hepatic damage in steatotic LT from DBDs; the benefits were independent of alterations in the recipient intestine.
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Wen G, Fischer J, Most E, Eder K, Ringseis R. Decreased All- trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Expression of Sodium-Iodide Transporter in Mammary Epithelial Cells Caused by Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4493-4504. [PMID: 30938528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is stimulated by sterol-regulatory-element-binding transcription factors (SREBFs) in mammary epithelial MCF-7 cells. Because conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been shown to inhibit transcriptional activity of SREBFs in the mammary gland, the hypothesis was tested that CLA isomers inhibit NIS expression induced by all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in MCF-7 cells through inhibiting SREBF activity. c9t11-CLA and t10c12-CLA decreased ATRA-induced NIS-mRNA expression from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.80 ± 0.12 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.62 ± 0.10 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05), NIS-protein expression from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.77 ± 0.08 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.63 ± 0.05 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05), and NIS-promoter activity from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.74 ± 0.13 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.76 ± 0.13 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05); however, c9t11-CLA and t10c12-CLA increased the mRNA levels of SREBF isoforms and their target genes. In contrast, the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) was strongly induced by ATRA alone but decreased by CLA isomers from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.80 ± 0.06 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.86 ± 0.06 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05). Overexpression of PPARγ in MCF-7 cells increased basal NIS-promoter activity, and treatment with the PPARγ ligand troglitazone stimulated ATRA-induced NIS-promoter activity. In conclusion, the results suggest that CLA isomers exert their effect on the expression of NIS by decreasing PPARG expression in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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Vahmani P, Rolland DC, Gzyl KE, Baines DDS, Dugan MER. The Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF-7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content. Lipids 2018; 53:699-708. [PMID: 30255942 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth-inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty-acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment-dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low-BHI PRF or high-BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low-BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high-BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Danica D S Baines
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 1st Ave S., Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 1W1, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A. Koronowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paula Banks
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka, Krakow, Poland
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Enhancing the DHA content in milk from dairy cows by feeding ALL-G-RICH™. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of 6 g/kg dry matter intake of an unextracted Aurantiochytrium limacinum algae (AURA) in mid-lactation Italian Friesian cows under commercial conditions on milk yield, milk composition and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Cows were allocated to two groups (n = 18; 108.2 ± 66.1 and 104.4 ± 54.6 days in milk, control and treated groups, respectively). Feeding AURA for 84 d had no effect on dry matter intake, body condition score or weight gain, but did improve milk yield by 1.9 kg/cow/d (+5.4%; P < 0.1) over the course of the experiment. Milk fat concentration declined by 12% (P < 0.0001) without any significant change in 4% fat corrected milk, protein or lactose. Supplementing AURA for 12 weeks substantially altered the fatty acid profile of milk compared with milk from CON-fed cows such that the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased, omega-3 fatty acid content increased by 73.1% (P < 0.0001) and was accompanied by a favourable increase in the omega-3:6 fatty acid ratio by 75.0% (P < 0.0001). The AURA supplement, during day 7–84, increased the DHA concentration to 0.37 g /100 g milk total fatty acids (P < 0.0001) with a mean transfer efficiency of 18.1% from feed to milk. Together these results indicated that supplementing a dairy cow diet with DHA-rich microalgae is a feasible and efficient means for creating DHA-enriched milk for human consumption.
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Niezgoda N, Gliszczyńska A, Kempińska K, Wietrzyk J, Wawrzeńczyk C. Synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic activity of conjugated linoleic acid derivatives (esters, alcohols, and their acetates) toward cancer cell lines. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Niezgoda
- Department of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kempińska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
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Metabolic role of lactobacilli in weight modification in humans and animals. Microb Pathog 2017; 106:182-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Niezgoda N, Gliszczyńska A, Gładkowski W, Chojnacka A, Kiełbowicz G, Wawrzeńczyk C. Production of concentrates of CLA obtained from sunflower and safflower and their application to the lipase‐catalyzed acidolysis of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Niezgoda
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Anna Gliszczyńska
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Anna Chojnacka
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Grzegorz Kiełbowicz
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of ChemistryWroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
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Yu HM, Newell M, Subedi K, Weselake RJ, Mazurak V, Field CJ. Bypassing the Δ6-desaturase enzyme and directly providing n-3 and n-6 PUFA pathway intermediates reduces the survival of two human breast cancer cell lines. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howe-Ming Yu
- Division of Nutrition; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Marnie Newell
- Division of Nutrition; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Kalpana Subedi
- Division of Nutrition; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Randall J. Weselake
- Alberta Innovates Phytola Centre, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Vera Mazurak
- Division of Nutrition; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Teixeira S, Chaveiro A, Moreira da Silva F. Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Boar Semen Quality After Long-term Refrigeration at 17°C. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:604-10. [PMID: 25976112 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (10 trans, 12 cis) (CLA) on refrigerated boar sperm quality parameters up to 14 days at 17°C was assessed. Semen was extended in Androhep and divided into four treatments supplemented with CLA (25, 50, 100 and 200 μm) and control group, then kept for 2 h at 22°C. Afterwards an aliquot of each treatment was removed, and mitochondrial activity, viability, lipid membrane peroxidation (LPO) and stability of the sperm plasma membrane were assessed by flow cytometry. The remaining extended semen was maintained at 17°C until 336 h, repeating the same analysis every 48 h. Regarding percentage of live spermatozoa, no statistical differences were observed among treatments up to 96 h. After this time, viability decreased significantly (p < 0.05) for CLA concentrations of 100 and 200 μm. Despite these results, there was an individual response to CLA. Although in the control group, the boar A presented better results when compared with the other boars, especially at concentrations of 50 and 100 μm boar B showed significantly higher results (p < 0.05). Supplementation with CLA improved (p < 0.05) LPO, but not the mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm. The highest two CLA concentrations showed to be toxic for sperm as all results were lower than the observed for the control. In conclusion, CLA at 50 μm seems to be an efficient concentration for reducing the oxidative stress, decreasing LPO, maintaining viability, membrane stability and mitochondrial potential on refrigerated boar spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smp Teixeira
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, Animal Reproduction, CITA-A, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - A Chaveiro
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, Animal Reproduction, CITA-A, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - F Moreira da Silva
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, Animal Reproduction, CITA-A, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
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Effect of conjugated linoleic acid mixture supplemented daily after carcinogen application on linoleic and arachidonic acid metabolites in rat serum and induced tumours. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Quinn CL, van der Heijden SA, Wania F, Jonker MTO. Partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls into human cells and adipose tissues: evaluation of octanol, triolein, and liposomes as surrogates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5920-8. [PMID: 24806981 DOI: 10.1021/es500090x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Whereas octanol, triacylglycerides, and liposomes have all been proposed as surrogates for measuring the affinity of hydrophobic organic contaminants to human lipids, no comparative evaluation of their suitability exists. Here we conducted batch sorption experiments with polyoxymethylene passive samplers to determine the partition coefficients at 37 °C of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from water into (i) triolein (Ktriolein/water), (ii) eight types of liposomes (Kliposome/water), (iii) human abdominal fat tissues (KAFT/water) from seven individuals, and (iv) human MCF-7 cells cultured in vitro (Kcell/water). Differences between KAFT/water among individuals and between Kliposome/water among liposome types were very small and not correlated to structural attributes of the PCBs. Similarly, the length and degree of saturation of the phospholipid carbon chains, the headgroup, and the composition of the liposome did not affect the partitioning of PCBs into the studied liposomes. Whereas Kliposome/water values were similar to literature values of Koctanol/water adjusted to 37 °C, they both were lower than KAFT/water and Kcell/water by a factor of 3 on average. Partitioning of PCBs into triolein on the other hand closely mimicked that into human lipids, for which triolein is thus a better surrogate than either octanol or liposomes. Previously published polyparameter linear free energy relationships for partitioning from water into storage lipids and liposomes predicted the measured partition coefficients with a root-mean-square error of less than 0.15 log units, if the chosen equations and solute descriptors do not allow chlorine substitution in the ortho-position to influence the prediction. By guiding the selection of (i) a surrogate for the experimental determination and (ii) a method for the prediction of partitioning into human lipids, this study contributes to a better assessment of hydrophobic organic contaminant bioaccumulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L Quinn
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Soares MP, Brandelli A, Celeghini ECC, de Arruda RP, Rodriguez SAF. Effect of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 isomers of conjugated linoleic acid on the integrity and functionality of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2013; 67:102-5. [PMID: 23721967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes of sperm subjected to low temperatures undergo changes in their structure and permeability. The addition of fatty acids in semen cryopreservation media may influence the sperm motility after thawing, possibly by maintaining the membrane fluidity due to their incorporation in lipid bilayers. In this work, different concentrations of the isomers cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were added in the cryopreservation medium of bovine sperm. Four Jersey bulls were used, and the ejaculates were processed as a pool. The Tris-based extender (Dilutris®) was supplemented with 20% egg yolk (MB). The treatments with CLA (Luta-CLA®), which had oily presentation, were prepared from MB with addition of 1% sodium lauryl sulfate, and denominated MBL. The concentrations of CLA tested were 50, 100, and 150 μM. The motility characteristics of the post-thaw semen were analyzed by computerized analysis system (CASA), and plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal and mitochondrial function assessed by the association of the fluorescent probes propidium iodide, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA), JC-1 and Hoechst 33342. No significant differences were observed among treatments, excepting for a decreased mitochondrial potential of cells treated with 150 μM CLA. The addition of CLA, at the concentrations used, showed no advantages on the integrity and functionality of bovine sperm submitted to cryopreservation.
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Niezgoda N, Mituła P, Kempińska K, Wietrzyk J, Wawrzeńczyk C. Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine with Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Studies on Its Cytotoxic Activity. Aust J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which are potential lipid prodrugs, were synthesised. CLA was obtained by the alkali-isomerisation of linoleic acid and was subsequently used in the synthesis of 1,2-di(conjugated)linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in good (82 %) yield. 1-Palmitoyl-2-(conjugated)linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was obtained by a two-step synthesis in 87 % yield. All the compounds were tested in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay against two human cancer cell lines, HL-60 and MCF-7, and a mouse fibroblast cell line, Balb/3T3. The free form of CLA exhibited the highest activity against all cancer cell lines. Results obtained for the Balb/3T3 line proved that phosphatidylcholine derivatives decreased the cytotoxic effect of CLA against healthy cell lines.
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Lee E, Eom JE, Kim HL, Baek KH, Jun KY, Kim HJ, Lee M, Mook-Jung I, Kwon Y. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, μ-calpain inhibitor, on pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:709-18. [PMID: 23246577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
μ-Calpain is a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, which is activated by μM concentration of calcium in vitro. Disrupted intracellular calcium homeostasis leads to hyper-activation of μ-calpain. Hyper-activated μ-calpain enhances the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide by increasing the expression level of β-secretase (BACE1) and induces hyper-phosphorylation of tau along with the formation of neurofibrillary tangle by mediating p35 cleavage into p25, both of which are the major mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, inhibition of μ-calpain activity is very important in the treatment and prevention of AD. In this study, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an eighteen-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, was discovered as a μ-calpain-specific inhibitor. CLA showed neuroprotective effects against neurotoxins such as H2O2 and Aβ1-42 in SH-SY5Y cells, and inhibited Aβ oligomerization/fibrillation and Aβ-induced Zona Occludens-1 degradation. In addition, CLA decreased the levels of proapoptotic proteins, p35 conversion to p25 and tau phosphorylation. These findings implicate CLA as a new core structure for selective μ-calpain inhibitors with neuroprotective effects. CLA should be further evaluated for its potential use as an AD therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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The janus face of lipids in human breast cancer: how polyunsaturated Fatty acids affect tumor cell hallmarks. Int J Breast Cancer 2012; 2012:712536. [PMID: 22811918 PMCID: PMC3395128 DOI: 10.1155/2012/712536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For several years, lipids and especially n - 3 and n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) receive much attention in human health. Epidemiological studies tend to correlate a PUFA-rich diet with a reduced incidence of cancer, including breast cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms supporting the effect of PUFAs in breast cancer cells remain relatively unknown. Here, we review some recent progress in understanding the impact that PUFA may have on breast cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. While most of the results obtained with docosahexaenoic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid show a decrease of tumor cell proliferation and/or aggressivity, there is some evidence that other lipids, which accumulate in breast cancer tissues, such as arachidonic acid may have opposite effects. Finally, lipids and especially PUFAs appear as potential adjuvants to conventional cancer therapy.
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Zhong XF, Luo T, Huang GD, Deng ZY, Lei L. Equimolar mixture of c9,t11 and t9,t11 CLA inhibits the growth and induces apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gudla P, Ishlak A, AbuGhazaleh AA. The Effect of Forage Level and Oil Supplement on Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Anaerovibrio lipolytica in Continuous Culture Fermenters. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:234-9. [PMID: 25049556 PMCID: PMC4093135 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage level and oil supplement on selected strains of rumen bacteria believed to be involved in biohydrogenation (BH). A continuous culture system consisting of four fermenters was used in a 4×4 Latin square design with a factorial arrangement of treatments, with four 10 d consecutive periods. Treatment diets were: i) high forage diet (70:30 forage to concentrate (dry matter basis); HFC), ii) high forage plus oil supplement (HFO), iii) low forage diet (30:70 forage to concentrate; LFC), and iv) low forage plus oil supplement (LFO). The oil supplement was a blend of fish oil and soybean oil added at 1 and 2 g/100 g dry matter, respectively. Treatment diets were fed for 10 days and samples were collected from each fermenter on the last day of each period 3 h post morning feeding. The concentrations of vaccenic acid (t11C18:1; VA) and c9t11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were greater with the high forage diet while the concentrations of t10 C18:1 and t10c12 CLA were greater with the low forage diet and addition of oil supplement increased their concentrations at both forage levels. The DNA abundance of Anaerovibrio lipolytica, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens vaccenic acid subgroup (Butyrivibrio VA) were lower with the low forage diets but not affected by oil supplement. The DNA abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens stearic acid producer subgroup (Butyrivibrio SA) was not affected by forage level or oil supplement. In conclusion, oil supplement had no effects on the tested rumen bacteria and forage level affected Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Butyrivibrio VA.
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Jing P, Ye T, Shi H, Sheng Y, Slavin M, Gao B, Liu L, Yu LL. Antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition of China-grown pomegranate seeds. Food Chem 2011; 132:1457-1464. [PMID: 29243636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Four cultivars of Shanxi-grown pomegranate seeds were investigated for their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Pomegranate seed oils were extracted and analysed for their fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol and carotenoid contents. The defatted flours were extracted with 50% acetone or 80% methanol, and evaluated for levels of phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and scavenging capacities against DPPH and ABTS+ and their ferric ion reducing abilities. Pomegranate seed oil was rich in punicic acid (73.5-78.8g/100g oil) and total tocopherols (5.3-12.0μmol/g). The 50% acetone and 80% methanol were appropriate solvents for extraction of total phenolic and total flavonoid, respectively. The four cultivars were significantly different in levels of phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and their antioxidant properties (P<0.05), generally flowing an order: Suanshiliu>Tianhongdan>Sanbaitian≈Jingpitian. This study will assist in the cultivar selection of the above pomegranate seeds for commercial production to meet the market demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Jing
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tian Ye
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiming Shi
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Sheng
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Boyan Gao
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linwei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Shannxi 712100, China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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22
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Gebauer SK, Chardigny JM, Jakobsen MU, Lamarche B, Lock AL, Proctor SD, Baer DJ. Effects of ruminant trans fatty acids on cardiovascular disease and cancer: a comprehensive review of epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic studies. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:332-54. [PMID: 22332075 PMCID: PMC3125683 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 2 predominant sources of dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) in the food supply, those formed during the industrial partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils (iTFA) and those formed by biohydrogenation in ruminants (rTFA), including vaccenic acid (VA) and the naturally occurring isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA). The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence base from epidemiological and clinical studies to determine whether intake of rTFA isomers, specifically VA and c9,t11-CLA, differentially affects risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer compared with iTFA. In addition, animal and cell culture studies are reviewed to explore potential pro- and antiatherogenic mechanisms of VA and c9,t11-CLA. Some epidemiological studies suggest that a positive association with coronary heart disease risk exists between only iTFA isomers and not rTFA isomers. Small clinical studies have been conducted to establish cause-and-effect relationships between these different sources of TFA and biomarkers or risk factors of CVD with inconclusive results. The lack of detection of treatment effects reported in some studies may be due to insufficient statistical power. Many studies have used doses of rTFA that are not realistically attainable via diet; thus, further clinical studies are warranted. Associations between iTFA intake and cancer have been inconsistent, and associations between rTFA intake and cancer have not been well studied. Clinical studies have not been conducted investigating the cause-and-effect relationship between iTFA and rTFA intake and risk for cancers. Further research is needed to determine the health effects of VA and c9,t11-CLA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Gebauer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Jean-Michel Chardigny
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marianne Uhre Jakobsen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A
| | - Adam L. Lock
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48864
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition and Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, AB, Canada T6G2P5
| | - David J. Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
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Zhang T, Gao Y, Mao Y, Zhang Q, Lin C, Lin P, Zhang J, Wang X. Growth inhibition and apoptotic effect of alpha-eleostearic acid on human breast cancer cells. J Nat Med 2011; 66:77-84. [PMID: 21691836 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) is a natural and biologically active compound which possesses potent antioxidant and anti-tumor activity. The purpose of this study was to confirm the anticancer activity of α-ESA against human breast cancer cells and to further elucidate its mechanism of activity. Human breast cancer cells and normal liver cells were used for in-vitro tests of the anticancer activity of α-ESA, including cytotoxicity, colony formation inhibition, EdU incorporation, AO/EB staining of apoptotic cells, cell cycle distribution through flow cytometry, and PPARγ, p21, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 mRNA expressions through RT-PCR. After α-ESA treatment, the proliferation, colony formation, and EdU labeling indices of cancer cells decreased (p < 0.05), while the AO/EB-stained apoptotic cells increased (p < 0.05). By FCM analysis, the apoptotic indices increased (p < 0.01), and the cell population decreased in S phase (p < 0.01) and increased in G(2)/M phase (p < 0.05) in α-ESA treated cancer cells. RT-RCR showed that α-ESA significantly increased the expression levels of PPARγ, p21, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 mRNA. The findings in these studies suggested that α-ESA exhibited a potential cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction effect on human breast cancer cells, with little effect on normal cells at certain concentrations. The mechanism for such effects might be associated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of cancer cells through up-regulation of PPARγ, p21, Bax, p53, and caspase-3 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory of Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhao G, Subbaiah PV, Chiu SW, Jakobsson E, Scott HL. Conjugated double bonds in lipid bilayers: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:251-7. [PMID: 21320475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are found naturally in dairy products. Two isomers of CLA, that differ only in the location of cis and trans double bonds, are found to have distinct and different biological effects. The cis 9 trans 11 (C9T11) isomer is attributed to have the anti-carcinogenic effects, while the trans 10 cis 12 (T10C12) isomer is believed to be responsible for the anti-obesity effects. Since dietary CLA are incorporated into membrane phospholipids, we have used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the comparative effects of the two isomers on lipid bilayer structure. Specifically, simulations of phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers in which the sn-2 chains contained one of the two isomers of CLA were performed. Force field parameters for the torsional potential of double bonds were obtained from ab initio calculations. From the MD trajectories we calculated and compared structural properties of the two lipid bilayers, including areas per molecule, density profiles, thickness of bilayers, tilt angle of tail chains, order parameters profiles, radial distribution function (RDF) and lateral pressure profiles. The main differences found between bilayers of the two CLA isomers, are (1) the order parameter profile for C9T11 has a dip in the middle of sn-2 chain while the profile for T10C12 has a deeper dip close to terminal of sn-2 chain, and (2) the lateral pressure profiles show differences between the two isomers. Our simulation results reveal localized physical structural differences between bilayers of the two CLA isomers that may contribute to different biological effects through differential interactions with membrane proteins or cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Zhao
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 60616, United States
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Subbaiah PV, Gould IG, Lal S, Aizezi B. Incorporation profiles of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in cell membranes and their positional distribution in phospholipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2011; 1811:17-24. [PMID: 20920595 PMCID: PMC2997919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have several isomer-specific biological effects including anti-carcinogenic and anti-adipogenic effects, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. To determine their potential effects on membrane structure and function, we studied the incorporation profiles of four CLA isomers (trans-10 cis-12 (A), trans-9 trans-11 (B), cis-9 trans-11 (C), and cis-9 cis-11 (D)) in CHO and HepG2 cells. All four isomers were incorporated into cellular lipids as efficiently as linoleic acid (LA), with the majority of the incorporated CLA present in membrane rafts. Of the four isomers, only CLA-A increased the cholesterol content of the raft fraction. Over 50% of the incorporated CLAs were recovered in phosphatidylcholine of CHO cells, but in HepG2 the neutral lipids contained the majority of CLA. The desaturation index (18:1/18:0 and 16:1/16:0) was reduced by CLA-A, but increased by CLA-B, the effects being apparent mostly in raft lipids. The Δ⁹ desaturase activity was inhibited by CLAs A and C. Unlike LA, which was mostly found in the sn-2 position of phospholipids, most CLAs were also incorporated significantly into the sn-1 position in both cell types. These studies show that the incorporation profiles of CLA isomers differ significantly from that of LA, and this could lead to alterations in membrane function, especially in the raft-associated proteins.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Estimates suggest up to 35% of cases may be preventable through diet and lifestyle modification. Growing research on the role of fats in human health suggests that early exposure in life to specific fatty acids, when tissues are particularly sensitive to their environment, can have long-term health impacts. The present review examines the role of dietary fat in mammary gland development and breast cancer throughout the lifecycle. Overall, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have promising cancer-preventive effects when introduced early in life, and warrant further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action.
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Jung JI, Cho HJ, Kim J, Kwon DY, Park JHY. trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid inhibits insulin-like growth factor-I receptor signaling in TSU-Pr1 human bladder cancer cells. J Med Food 2010; 13:13-9. [PMID: 20136431 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid; the major isomers are trans-10,cis-12 CLA (t10c12) and cis-9,trans-11 CLA (c9t11). CLA has been demonstrated to exert strong anticarcinogenic effects in a variety of experimental cancer models. We previously observed that CLA (a mixture of isomers) and t10c12 decreased the growth of TSU-Pr1 cells, whereas linoleic acid and c9t11 exerted no effects. In the current study, the mechanisms underlying the t10c12-mediated regulation of the growth of these bladder cancer cells were evaluated. TSU-Pr1 cells were incubated in serum-free medium with various concentrations of t10c12 or c9t11 in the presence or absence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. The incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine into DNA was decreased, and the number of annexin V-stained cells was increased after t10c12 treatment, whereas c9t11 had no effect on apoptosis or [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. Treatment with exogenous IGF-I alone increased the numbers of viable cells but did not counteract the t10c12-induced growth inhibition of TSU-Pr1 cells. t10c12 effected a dose-dependent reduction in IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) transcripts and protein levels, whereas c9t11 exerted no effects. Additionally, t10c12 inhibited the IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of IGF-IR, the recruitment of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase to IGF-IR, and the phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. These results indicate that the inhibition of IGF-IR signaling and the activation of Akt and ERK-1/2 contributed to decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in TSU-Pr1 cells treated with t10c12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Coyral-Castel S, Ramé C, Fatet A, Dupont J. Effects of unsaturated fatty acids on progesterone secretion and selected protein kinases in goat granulosa cells. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 38:272-83. [PMID: 20097509 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies in cattle have shown influences of dietary unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) supplementation on ovarian function. However, it is unclear whether these UFA exert direct or indirect effects on ovarian steroid production or their mechanisms of action. We have recently shown that 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates progesterone secretion through mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (MAPK ERK1/2) in rodent granulosa cells. Here, we investigated the effects of 3 UFAs, oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on progesterone secretion in goat granulosa cells. Finally, we examined the effects of UFAs on MAPK ERK1/2 and AMPK phosphorylation in these granulosa cells. Oleic acid and LA (10 microM each), but not ALA (100 microM), increased progesterone secretion (P<0.05) in the presence or absence of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 (10(-8) M) or FSH (5 x 10(-8)M). The different AMPK subunits, except for gamma3, are present in the goat ovary. Treatment with metformin (10mM), an activator of AMPK, increased AMPK phosphorylation (P<0.05) and reduced progesterone secretion by 50% (P<0.05) in the basal state and in response to IGF-1 or FSH in goat granulosa cells. Oleic acid and LA had no effect on AMPK phosphorylation, whereas they rapidly increased MAPK ERK1/2 phosphorylation (P<0.05). Finally, U0126, a MAPK ERK1/2 inhibitor, decreased OA- and LA-induced progesterone secretion (P<0.05), suggesting that these UFAs could stimulate progesterone secretion partly through MAPK ERK1/2 in the absence of IGF-1 and FSH in goat granulosa cells. The involvement of AMPK in this process remains to be demonstrated. Taken together, some fatty acids could improve ovarian steroidogenesis through the MAPK ERK1/2 signaling pathway and, consequently, have beneficial effects on goat fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Coyral-Castel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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Subbaiah PV, Sircar D, Aizezi B, Mintzer E. Differential effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on the biophysical and biochemical properties of model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1798:506-14. [PMID: 20004173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are known to exert several isomer-specific biological effects, but their mechanisms of action are unclear. In order to determine whether the physicochemical effects of CLA on membranes play a role in their isomer-specific effects, we synthesized phosphatidylcholines (PCs) with 16:0 at sn-1 position and one of four CLA isomers (trans 10 cis 12 (A), trans 9 trans 11 (B), cis 9 trans 11 (C), and cis 9 cis 11 (D)) at sn-2, and determined their biophysical properties in monolayers and bilayers. The surface areas of the PCs with the two natural CLA (A and C) were similar at all pressures, but they differed significantly in the presence of cholesterol, with PC-A condensing more than PC-C. Liposomes of PC-A similarly showed increased binding of cholesterol compared to PC-C liposomes. PC-A liposomes were less permeable to carboxyfluorescein compared to PC-C liposomes. The PC with two trans double bonds (B) showed the highest affinity to cholesterol and lowest permeability. The two natural CLA-PCs (A and C) stimulated lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity by 2-fold, whereas the unnatural CLA-PCs (B and D) were inhibitory. These results suggest that the differences in the biophysical properties of CLA isomers A and C may partly contribute to the known differences in their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Christy AA. Evidence in the formation of conjugated linoleic acids from thermally induced 9t12t linoleic acid: a study by gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 161:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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