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Lin RT, Osipov B, Steffen D, Chamberlin M, Pathak SJ, Christiansen BA, Paulussen KJM, Baar K. Saturated fatty acids negatively affect musculoskeletal tissues in vitro and in vivo. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 23:100153. [PMID: 38882396 PMCID: PMC11179588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish oils rank among the world's most popular nutritional supplements and are purported to have numerous health benefits. Previous work suggested that fish oils increase collagen production; however, the effect of fish oils on musculoskeletal health is poorly understood. Further, the divergent effects of omega-3 (Ω3FA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) remains poorly understood. We tested the effects of Ω3FA and SFAs on in vitro-engineered human ligament (EHL) function. EHLs were treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3)), palmitic acid (PA, 16:0), or a BSA control for 6 days. EPA did not significantly alter, whereas PA significantly decreased EHL function and collagen content. To determine whether this was an in vitro artifact, mice were fed a control or high-lard diet for 14 weeks and musculoskeletal mass, insulin sensitivity, and the collagen content, and mechanics of tendon and bone were determined. Body weight was 40 % higher on a HFD, but muscle, tendon, and bone mass did not keep up with body weight resulting in relative losses in muscle mass, tendon, and bone collagen, as well as mechanical properties. Importantly, we show that PA acutely decreases collagen synthesis in vitro to a similar extent as the decrease in collagen content with chronic treatment. These data suggest that Ω3FAs have a limited effect on EHLs, whereas SFA exert a negative effect on collagen synthesis resulting in smaller and weaker musculoskeletal tissues both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Osipov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Steffen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marin Chamberlin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Suraj J Pathak
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Blaine A Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J M Paulussen
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, 195 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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2
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One week of high-fat overfeeding alters bone metabolism in healthy males: A pilot study. Nutrition 2022; 96:111589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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WANG G, ZHANG J, ZHANG K, ZHAO Q, ZHOU F, XU J, XUE W, ZHANG C, FU C. Possible action mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation in combating obesity and obesity-related issues of bone health: a mini review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.114621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing WANG
- the Sixth Hospital affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jie ZHANG
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Kailong ZHANG
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Qingqing ZHAO
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Fang ZHOU
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
| | - Jie XU
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
| | - Wenshuang XUE
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
| | - Chunye ZHANG
- Beijing Zhongwei Research Center of Biological and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Caili FU
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institude, China
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4
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Romero-Márquez JM, Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Badillo-Carrasco A, Forbes-Hernández TY, Giampieri F, Domínguez I, Madrigal L, Battino M, Quiles JL. Molecular Interactions between Dietary Lipids and Bone Tissue during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126473. [PMID: 34204176 PMCID: PMC8233828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone disorders such as osteoporosis or osteoarthritis are a major public health problem due to the functional disability for millions of people worldwide. Furthermore, fractures are associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality in the long term, which generates greater financial and health costs. As the world population becomes older, the incidence of this type of disease increases and this effect seems notably greater in those countries that present a more westernized lifestyle. Thus, increased efforts are directed toward reducing risks that need to focus not only on the prevention of bone diseases, but also on the treatment of persons already afflicted. Evidence is accumulating that dietary lipids play an important role in bone health which results relevant to develop effective interventions for prevent bone diseases or alterations, especially in the elderly segment of the population. This review focuses on evidence about the effects of dietary lipids on bone health and describes possible mechanisms to explain how lipids act on bone metabolism during aging. Little work, however, has been accomplished in humans, so this is a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Alberto Badillo-Carrasco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irma Domínguez
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Madrigal
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Calle 15 Num. 36, Entre 10 y 12 IMI III, Campeche 24560, Mexico;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (M.B.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - José L. Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain; (J.M.R.-M.); (A.V.-L.); (M.D.N.-H.); (A.B.-C.)
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Mohd Ramli ES, Sukalingam K, Kamaruzzaman MA, Soelaiman IN, Pang KL, Chin KY. Direct and Indirect Effect of Honey as a Functional Food Against Metabolic Syndrome and Its Skeletal Complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:241-256. [PMID: 33500644 PMCID: PMC7822078 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s291828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the simultaneous presence of hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and/or visceral obesity, which predisposes a person to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Evidence suggesting the presence of direct and indirect associations between MetS and osteoporosis is growing. Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of polyphenols in alleviating MetS in in vivo and in vitro models through their antioxidant and anti-inflammation actions. This review aims to summarize the effects of honey (based on unifloral and multi-floral nectar sources) on bone metabolism and each component of MetS. A literature search was performed using the PubMed and Scopus databases using specific search strings. Original studies related to components of MetS and bone, and the effects of honey on components of MetS and bone were included. Honey polyphenols could act synergistically in alleviating MetS by preventing oxidative damage and inflammation. Honey intake is shown to reduce blood glucose levels and prevent excessive weight gain. It also improves lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, as well as increasing high-density lipoprotein. Honey can prevent bone loss by reducing the adverse effects of MetS on bone homeostasis, apart from its direct action on the skeletal system. In conclusion, honey supplementation could be integrated into the management of MetS and MetS-induced bone loss as a preventive and adjunct therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumeshini Sukalingam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Amir Kamaruzzaman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ima Nirwana Soelaiman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Fernández-Murga ML, Olivares M, Sanz Y. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 reverses the adverse effects of diet-induced obesity through the gut-bone axis. Bone 2020; 141:115580. [PMID: 32795675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and the associated chronic metabolic diseases (e.g., type-2 diabetes) adversely affect bone metabolism and health. Gut microbiota is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and also represents a therapeutic target. This study has investigated the contribution of diet-induced obesity to alterations in bone health and metabolism and whether these could be restored by oral administration of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765. To do so, adult male wild-type C57BL-6 mice were fed either a standard or high-fat diet (HFD), supplemented or not with B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 (109 CFU/day) for 14 weeks. Effects on bone mass density (BMD), bone mineral content, bone remodeling, bone structure and gene expression were assessed. In HFD-fed mice, bone microstructural properties at the distal femur showed deteriorated trabecular architecture in bone volumetric fraction, trabecular number and trabecular pattern factor. Besides, the HFD reduced the volumetric bone mineral density in the trabecular bone, but not in the cortical bone. All these bone microstructural alterations found in obese mice were reversed by B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765. Administration of the bacterium increased (p < .05) the Wnt/β-catenin pathway gene expression, which could mediate effects on BMD. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 supplementation increased (p < .05) serum osteocalcin (OC, bone formation parameter), and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) (p < .01) and parathormone (PTH) (p < .05) (both bone resorption parameters). It also altered the microstructure of the femur. In summary, HFD interfered with the normal bone homeostasis leading to increased bone loss. In obese mice, B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 lowered bone mass loss and enhanced BMD by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leonor Fernández-Murga
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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7
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Alekos NS, Moorer MC, Riddle RC. Dual Effects of Lipid Metabolism on Osteoblast Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:578194. [PMID: 33071983 PMCID: PMC7538543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.578194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic and metabolically active organ with the capacity to influence whole body metabolism. This newly recognized function has propagated interest in the connection between bone health and metabolic dysfunction. Osteoblasts, the specialized mesenchymal cells responsible for the production of bone matrix and mineralization, rely on multiple fuel sources. The utilization of glucose by osteoblasts has long been a focus of research, however, lipids and their derivatives, are increasingly recognized as a vital energy source. Osteoblasts possess the necessary receptors and catabolic enzymes for internalization and utilization of circulating lipids. Disruption of these processes can impair osteoblast function, resulting in skeletal deficits while simultaneously altering whole body lipid homeostasis. This article provides an overview of the metabolism of postprandial and stored lipids and the osteoblast's ability to acquire and utilize these molecules. We focus on the requirement for fatty acid oxidation and the pathways regulating this function as well as the negative impact of dyslipidemia on the osteoblast and skeletal health. These findings provide key insights into the nuances of lipid metabolism in influencing skeletal homeostasis which are critical to appreciate the extent of the osteoblast's role in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie S. Alekos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Megan C. Moorer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan C. Riddle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan C. Riddle
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8
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Mozaffari H, Djafarian K, Mofrad MD, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary fat, saturated fatty acid, and monounsaturated fatty acid intakes and risk of bone fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1949-1961. [PMID: 29947872 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Total dietary fat intake might influence the risk of fracture; however, conflicting findings have been reported to date. Moreover, the type of fatty acids is also of vital importance. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature on the association between dietary fat intake, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the risk of fracture. PubMed and Scopus were used to conduct a comprehensive search for articles published up to 7 January 2018. To pool effect sizes, random effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird method) were applied. The Cochrane Q test was used to trace the source of between-study heterogeneity. Six studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. We found no significant association between total dietary fat intake and risk of fracture (pooled effect size 1.31, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.95-1.79, P = 0.09). A significant positive association was observed between SFA intake and the risk of hip fracture (pooled effect size 1.79, 95% CI 1.05-3.03, P = 0.03). There was also a significant positive association between MUFAs derived from animal sources and the risk of fracture (pooled effect size 2.29, 95% CI 1.50-3.50, P < 0.0001). Our findings showed a strong positive association between SFAs intake and risk of hip fracture. Moreover, there was a significant positive association between MUFAs derived from animal sources and the risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mozaffari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M D Mofrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Kim S, Li A, Monti S, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin induces a transcriptional response without a brite adipocyte signature in adipocyte models. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2859-2874. [PMID: 30027469 DOI: 10.1101/328203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand and founding member of the environmental obesogen chemical class, induces adipocyte differentiation and suppresses bone formation. A growing number of environmental PPARγ ligands are being identified. However, the potential for environmental PPARγ ligands to induce adverse metabolic effects has been questioned because PPARγ is a therapeutic target in treatment of type II diabetes. We evaluated the molecular consequences of TBT exposure during bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) differentiation in comparison to rosiglitazone, a therapeutic PPARγ ligand, and LG100268, a synthetic RXR ligand. Mouse primary BM-MSCs (female, C57BL/6J) undergoing bone differentiation were exposed to maximally efficacious and human relevant concentrations of rosiglitazone (100 nM), LG100268 (100 nM) or TBT (80 nM) for 4 days. Gene expression was assessed using microarrays, and in silico functional annotation was performed using pathway enrichment analysis approaches. Pathways related to osteogenesis were downregulated by all three ligands, while pathways related to adipogenesis were upregulated by rosiglitazone and TBT. However, pathways related to mitochondrial biogenesis and brown-in-white (brite) adipocyte differentiation were more significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated than TBT-treated cells. The lack of induction of genes involved in adipocyte energy dissipation by TBT was confirmed by an independent gene expression analysis in BM-MSCs undergoing adipocyte differentiation and by analysis of a publically available 3T3 L1 data set. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, but not TBT, induced mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. This study is the first to show that an environmental PPARγ ligand has a limited capacity to induce health-promoting activities of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, R-405, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Ortinau LC, Linden MA, Dirkes RK, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Exercise initiated after the onset of insulin resistance improves trabecular microarchitecture and cortical bone biomechanics of the tibia in hyperphagic Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Bone 2017; 103:188-199. [PMID: 28711659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study extends our previous findings that exercise, which prevents the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), also prevents the detrimental effects of T2D on whole-bone and tissue-level strength. Our objective was to determine whether exercise improves bone's structural and material properties if insulin resistance is already present in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat. The OLETF rat is hyperphagic due to a loss-of-function mutation in cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1 receptor), which leads to progressive obesity, insulin resistance and T2D after the majority of skeletal growth is complete. Because exercise reduces body mass, which is a significant determinant of bone strength, we used a body-mass-matched caloric-restricted control to isolate body-mass-independent effects of exercise on bone. Eight-wk old, male OLETF rats were fed ad libitum until onset of hyperglycemia (20weeks of age), at which time they were randomly assigned to three groups: ad libitum fed, sedentary (O-SED); ad libitum fed, treadmill running (O-EX); or, sedentary, mild caloric restriction to match body mass of O-EX (O-CR). Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats served as the normophagic, normoglycemic controls (L-SED). At 32weeks of age, O-SED rats had T2D as evidenced by hyperglycemia and a significant reduction in fasting insulin compared to OLETFs at 20weeks of age. O-SED rats also had reduced total body bone mineral content (BMC), increased C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx)/tartrate resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRAP5b), decreased N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), reduced percent cancellous bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N) and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structural model index (SMI) of the proximal tibia compared to L-SED. T2D also adversely affected biomechanical properties of the tibial diaphysis, and serum sclerostin was increased and β-catenin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) protein expression in bone were reduced in O-SED vs. L-SED. O-EX or O-CR had greater total body bone mineral density (BMD) and BMC, and BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, and SMI compared to O-SED. O-EX had lower CTx and CR greater P1NP relative to O-SED. O-EX, not O-CR, had greater cortical thickness and area, and improved whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties associated with a 4-fold increase in cortical bone β-catenin protein expression vs. O-SED. In summary, EX or CR initiated after the onset of insulin resistance preserved cancellous bone volume and structure, and EX elicited additional benefits in cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Research Service-Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Rebecca K Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Research Service-Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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11
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Sontam DM, Vickers MH, Firth EC, O'Sullivan JM. A Memory of Early Life Physical Activity Is Retained in Bone Marrow of Male Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2017; 8:476. [PMID: 28736532 PMCID: PMC5500658 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported opposing effects of high-fat (HF) diet and mechanical stimulation on lineage commitment of the bone marrow stem cells. Yet, how bone marrow modulates its gene expression in response to the combined effects of mechanical loading and a HF diet has not been addressed. We investigated whether early-life (before onset of sexual maturity at 6 weeks of age) voluntary physical activity can modulate the effects of a HF diet on male Sprague Dawley rats. In the bone marrow, early-life HF diet resulted in adipocyte hypertrophy and a pro-inflammatory and pro-adipogenic gene expression profile. The bone marrow of the rats that undertook wheel exercise while on a HF diet retained a memory of the early-life exercise. This memory lasted at least 60 days after the cessation of the voluntary exercise. Our results are consistent with the marrow adipose tissue having a unique response to HF feeding in the presence or absence of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani M Sontam
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Elwyn C Firth
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand.,Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
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12
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den Broeder MJ, Moester MJB, Kamstra JH, Cenijn PH, Davidoiu V, Kamminga LM, Ariese F, de Boer JF, Legler J. Altered Adipogenesis in Zebrafish Larvae Following High Fat Diet and Chemical Exposure Is Visualised by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E894. [PMID: 28441764 PMCID: PMC5412473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life stage exposure to environmental chemicals may play a role in obesity by altering adipogenesis; however, robust in vivo methods to quantify these effects are lacking. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of developmental exposure to chemicals on adipogenesis in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). We used label-free Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy for the first time to image zebrafish adipogenesis at 15 days post fertilization (dpf) and compared standard feed conditions (StF) to a high fat diet (HFD) or high glucose diet (HGD). We also exposed zebrafish embryos to a non-toxic concentration of tributyltin (TBT, 1 nM) or Tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl)phosphate (TDCiPP, 0.5 µM) from 0-6 dpf and reared larvae to 15 dpf under StF. Potential molecular mechanisms of altered adipogenesis were examined by qPCR. Diet-dependent modulation of adipogenesis was observed, with HFD resulting in a threefold increase in larvae with adipocytes, compared to StF and HGD. Developmental exposure to TBT but not TDCiPP significantly increased adipocyte differentiation. The expression of adipogenic genes such as pparda, lxr and lepa was altered in response to HFD or chemicals. This study shows that SRS microscopy can be successfully applied to zebrafish to visualize and quantify adipogenesis, and is a powerful approach for identifying obesogenic chemicals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo J den Broeder
- Institute of Environmental, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UB8 3PH London, UK.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miriam J B Moester
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. BOX 8146, Dep 0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Peter H Cenijn
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Valentina Davidoiu
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie M Kamminga
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Freek Ariese
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes F de Boer
- Institute for Lasers, Life and Biophotonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute of Environmental, Health and Societies, Brunel University, UB8 3PH London, UK.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Formononetin, an isoflavone, activates AMP-activated protein kinase/β-catenin signalling to inhibit adipogenesis and rescues C57BL/6 mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity and bone loss. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:645-661. [PMID: 28367764 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation is the key link of disease progression in obesity and osteoporosis. We have previously reported that formononetin (FNT), an isoflavone extracted from Butea monosperma, stimulates osteoblast formation and protects against postmenopausal bone loss. The inverse relationship between osteoblasts and adipocytes prompted us to analyse the effect of FNT on adipogenesis and in vivo bone loss, triggered by high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The anti-obesity effect and mechanism of action of FNT was determined in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obese male mice. Our findings show that FNT suppresses the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, through down-regulation of key adipogenic markers such as PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and inhibits intracellular TAG accumulation. Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation accompanied by stabilisation of β-catenin were attributed to the anti-adipogenic action of FNT. In vivo, 12 weeks of FNT treatment inhibited the development of obesity in mice by attenuating HFD-induced body weight gain and visceral fat accumulation. The anti-obesity effect of FNT results from increased energy expenditure. FNT also protects against HFD-induced dyslipidaemia and rescues deterioration of trabecular bone volume by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorbtion caused by HFD. FNT's rescuing action against obesity-induced osteoporosis commenced at the level of progenitors, as bone marrow progenitor cells, obtained from the HFD mice group supplemented with FNT, showed increased osteogenic and decreased adipogenic potentials. Our findings suggest that FNT inhibits adipogenesis through AMPK/β-catenin signal transduction pathways and protects against HFD-induced obesity and bone loss.
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14
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Philippe C, Wauquier F, Landrier JF, Bonnet L, Miot-Noirault E, Rochefort GY, Sadoine J, Asrih M, Jornayvaz FR, Bernalier A, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. GPR40 mediates potential positive effects of a saturated fatty acid enriched diet on bone. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27611773 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The stimulation of the free fatty acid receptor G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 40 by GW9508 prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we questioned whether the stimulation of the GPR40 receptor by dietary fatty acids may lead to the same beneficial effect on bone. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated (i) the impact of a fatty acid enriched diet (high-fat diet [HFD]) on bone health in C57/BL6 female mice depending on (ii) the estrogen status (ovariectomy) and (iii) the genotype (GPR40+/+ or GPR40-/- ). Bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, weight, inflammation and bone remodeling parameters were monitored. HFD decreased BMD in HFD-SH-GPR40+/+ mice but OVX failed to further impact BMD in HFD-OVX-GPR40+/+ mice, while additional bone loss was observed in HFD-OVX-GPR40-/- animals. These data suggest that when stimulated by fatty acid enriched diets GPR40 contributes to counteract ovariectomy-induced bone alteration. The sparing effect is supported by the modulation of both the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (OPG/RANKL) ratio in blood stream and the expression level of inflammatory markers in adipose tissues. Bone preservation by GPR40 stimulation is dependent on the presence of long-chain saturated fatty acids. CONCLUSION GPR40 contributes to counter ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a context of saturated fatty acid enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Philippe
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- INRA, UMR1260, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 1 et 2, Marseille, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- INRA, UMR1260, Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille 1 et 2, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM, UMR990, IMTV, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaël Y Rochefort
- EA 2496 Pathologie, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes and PIPA, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496 Pathologie, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes and PIPA, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Mohamed Asrih
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Véronique Coxam
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche INRA Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Site de Theix, 63122 Saint Genés Champanelle, France
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15
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Abdelkarem HM, Fadda LM, Kaml OR. Alleviation of bone markers in rats induced nano-zinc oxide by qurecetin and α-lipolic acid. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:692-699. [PMID: 27785948 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1236424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of qurecetin (Qur) and α-lipolic acid (ALA) to modulate the perturbation of bone turnover which is induced by nano-zinc oxide (n-ZnO). Rats were fasted overnight and randomly divided into two groups: G1, normal healthy animals and the other rats were administered zinc oxide nanoparticles orally by guava in a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight/d for 5 sequential days in Wistar albino male rats. N-ZnO-exposed animals were randomly sub-divided into three groups: G2, n-ZnO-exposed animals; G3, n-ZnO-exposed animals co-treated with Qur (200 mg/kg daily); and G4, n-ZnO-exposed animals co-treated with ALA (200 mg/kg). Qur and ALA were administered orally by guava daily for three sequential weeks from the beginning of the experiment. The results revealed a significant reduction of nitiric oxide (NO) and serum level and comet assay in n-ZnO exposure rats after treatment of Qur and ALA. It was found the alteration of pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNF-α, interleukin-6; IL-6 and C-reactive protein; CRP), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP, bone formation marker), and C-terminal peptide type I collagen (CTx, bone resorption marker) levels compared with the normal group. Co-administration of Qur and ALA in n-ZnO-exposed rats significantly alleviated the mentioned alterations of biochemical parameters. These results suggest that Qur and ALA as antioxidant agents may be a candidate for preventive and treatment applications of impaired bone markers induced bone loss caused by nano-particles of metal oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Abdelkarem
- a Nutrition Department , National Research Center , Dokki , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Laila M Fadda
- b Pharmaceutical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Omyma R Kaml
- c Biochemistry Department , National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) , Giza , Egypt
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16
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Gautam J, Khedgikar V, Choudhary D, Kushwaha P, Dixit P, Singh D, Maurya R, Trivedi R. An isoflavone cladrin prevents high-fat diet-induced bone loss and inhibits the expression of adipogenic gene regulators in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1051-63. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
This study evaluates the effect of isoflavone cladrin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone loss and adipogenesis.
Methods
Thirty-two 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a standard diet group, a HFD group and HFD group with cladrin (5 and 10 mg/kg per day orally) for 12 weeks. The effect of cladrin on bone micro-architecture, bone marrow cell lineages and hyperlipidaemia were assessed. For assessing anti-adipogenic activity of cladrin, 3T3-L1 cells were used.
Key findings
Cladrin attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and bone loss by preserving bone micro-architecture and strength. Effect of cladrin was found at the level of bone marrow progenitor cells. Gene expression profile of cladrin-treated mice bone showed upregulation of osteoblast and downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and increased OPG/RANKL ratio. Cladrin inhibited cellular lipid accumulation through downregulation of transcription factors such as PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α and modulated the expression of major adipokines involved behind obesity stimulation without eliciting cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Conclusion
We conclude that cladrin may improve obesity-induced bone loss and hyperlipidaemia in mice fed HFD and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by modifying adipokines and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gautam
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikram Khedgikar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Preeti Dixit
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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17
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Dong XL, Li CM, Cao SS, Zhou LP, Wong MS. A High-Saturated-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet Aggravates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Female Rats. J Nutr 2016; 146:1172-9. [PMID: 27099231 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen deficiency in women and high-saturated fat, high-sucrose (HFS) diets have both been recognized as risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Studies on the combined actions of these 2 detrimental factors on the bone in females are limited. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the interactive actions of estrogen deficiency and an HFS diet on bone properties and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Six-month-old Sprague Dawley sham or ovariectomized (OVX) rats were pair fed the same amount of either a low-saturated-fat, low-sucrose (LFS) diet (13% fat calories; 15% sucrose calories) or an HFS diet (42% fat calories; 30% sucrose calories) for 12 wk. Blood, liver, and bone were collected for correspondent parameters measurement. RESULTS Ovariectomy decreased bone mineral density in the tibia head (TH) by 62% and the femoral end (FE) by 49% (P < 0.0001). The HFS diet aggravated bone loss in OVX rats by an additional 41% in the TH and 37% in the FE (P < 0.05). Bone loss in the HFS-OVX rats was accompanied by increased urinary deoxypyridinoline concentrations by 28% (P < 0.05). The HFS diet induced cathepsin K by 145% but reduced osteoprotegerin mRNA expression at the FE of the HFS-sham rats by 71% (P < 0.05). Ovariectomy significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mRNA expression by 136% and 170% at the FE of the LFS- and HFS-OVX rats, respectively (P < 0.05). The HFS diet aggravated ovariectomy-induced lipid deposition and oxidative stress (OS) in rat livers (P < 0.05). Trabecular bone mineral density at the FE was negatively correlated with rat liver malondialdehyde concentrations (R(2) = 0.39; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The detrimental actions of the HFS diet and ovariectomy on bone properties in rats occurred mainly in cancellous bones and were characterized by a high degree of bone resorption and alterations in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- Shenzhen State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and College of Light Industry and Food, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Si Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen, China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Shenzhen State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and
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18
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Impact of estrogens on atherosclerosis and bone in the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse model. Menopause 2016; 22:428-36. [PMID: 25203894 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The common inflammatory pathophysiology has nourished the hypothesis of a relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Estrogens are key agents in the modulation of both processes. We investigated whether induction of atherosclerosis affects bone and whether estrogens modulate both processes. METHODS Female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (a well-established model of atherogenesis) were ovariectomized or falsely operated and fed either standard diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Six animals were included in each of the four groups. To clarify mechanisms, we treated preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells with mouse serum. RESULTS Physiological levels of estrogens in falsely operated mice limited atherosclerotic burden in the thoracic aorta, but not in the aortic arch. Bone resorption, as assessed by C-telopeptides, was increased by ovariectomy in animals fed standard diet, but not in animals fed HFD. Bone microstructural properties at the distal femur showed deteriorated trabecular architecture in bone volumetric fraction and trabecular number after ovariectomy, but trabecular pattern factor, trabecular thickness, trabecular spacing, or the structural model index remained unchanged. Changes in cortical parameters were not significant. Volumetric bone mineral density was reduced in trabecular bone, but not in cortical bone, in ovariectomized mice fed standard diet. Preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited increased cellular proliferation and viability and alkaline phosphatase activity after treatment with sera from animals fed HFD. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous estrogens partially reduce atherogenic burden in female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Ovariectomy increases bone resorption, but not under exacerbated proatherogenic conditions induced by HFD. The absence of apolipoprotein E might have an influence on the asymmetric responses of atherogenesis and bone resorption.
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Wauquier F, Léotoing L, Philippe C, Spilmont M, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. Pros and cons of fatty acids in bone biology. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:121-45. [PMID: 25835096 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in deciphering the causes and consequences of obesity-related disorders, the mechanisms linking fat intake to bone behaviour remain unclear. Since bone fractures are widely associated with increased morbidity and mortality, most notably in elderly and obese people, bone health has become a major social and economic issue. Consistently, public health system guidelines have encouraged low-fat diets in order to reduce associated complications. However, from a bone point of view, mechanisms linking fat intake to bone alteration remain quite controversial. Thus, after more than a decade of dedicated studies, this timely review offers a comprehensive overview of the relationships between bone and fatty acids. Using clinical evidences as a starting-point to more complex molecular elucidation, this work highlights the complexity of the system and reveals that bone alteration that cannot be solved simply by taking ω-3 pills. Fatty acid effects on bone metabolism can be both direct and indirect and require integrated investigations. Furthermore, even at the level of a single cell, one fatty acid is able to trigger several different independent pathways (receptors, metabolites…) which may all have a say in the final cellular metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Wauquier
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Laurent Léotoing
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Claire Philippe
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Mélanie Spilmont
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Equipe Alimentation, Squelette et Métabolismes, France.
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20
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Zeng FF, Xie HL, Fan F, Xue WQ, Wu BH, Zhu HL, Chen YM. Association of dietary fat intake with the risk of hip fractures in an elderly Chinese population: A matched case-control study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:1171-8. [PMID: 25495763 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to examine the association between dietary fat intake and the risk of hip fractures in an elderly Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study of 646 patients with newly diagnosed hip fractures and 646 controls, matched by age (±3 years) and sex, was carried out among elderly Chinese (55-80 years) in Guangdong, China. Their dietary fat intake was measured and calculated using a 79-item food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, a dose-dependent increased risk of hip fractures was found to be associated with higher intakes of total fat, animal fat, saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (P for trend < 0.005). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hip fractures from a comparison of extreme quartiles were 1.92 (1.26-2.92) for total fat, 2.60 (1.70-3.99) for animal fat, 1.95 (1.30-2.93) for saturated fatty acids and 2.22 (1.46-3.39) for animal mono-unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. No significant association was observed for plant fat or polyunsaturated fatty acids (P for trend = 0.063 for plant fat and 0.174 for polyunsaturated fatty acids). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher consumption of total fat and animal fat rich in saturated fatty acids might increase the risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-fang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-li Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-qiong Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-hua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Orthopedics Trauma Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Nallamshetty S, Le PT, Wang H, Issacsohn MJ, Reeder DJ, Rhee EJ, Kiefer FW, Brown JD, Rosen CJ, Plutzky J. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 deficiency inhibits PPARγ-mediated bone loss and marrow adiposity. Bone 2014; 67:281-91. [PMID: 25064526 PMCID: PMC4209126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PPARγ, a ligand-activated nuclear receptor, regulates fundamental aspects of bone homeostasis and skeletal remodeling. PPARγ-activating anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones in clinical use promote marrow adiposity, bone loss, and skeletal fractures. As such, delineating novel regulatory pathways that modulate the action of PPARγ, and its obligate heterodimeric partner RXR, may have important implications for our understanding and treatment of disorders of low bone mineral density. We present data here establishing retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1a1) and its substrate retinaldehyde (Rald) as novel determinants of PPARγ-RXR actions in the skeleton. When compared to wild type (WT) controls, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-deficient (Aldh1a1(-/-)) mice were protected against bone loss and marrow adiposity induced by either the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone or a high fat diet, both of which potently activate the PPARγ-RXR complex. Consistent with these results, Rald, which accumulates in vivo in Aldh1a1(-/-) mice, protects against rosiglitazone-mediated inhibition of osteoblastogenesis in vitro. In addition, Rald potently inhibits in vitro adipogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in WT mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) respectively. Primary Aldh1a1(-/-) HSCs also demonstrate impaired osteoclastogenesis in vitro compared to WT controls. Collectively, these findings identify Rald and retinoid metabolism through Aldh1a1 as important novel modulators of PPARγ-RXR transactivation in the marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram Nallamshetty
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phuong T. Le
- Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maya J. Issacsohn
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J. Reeder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florian W. Kiefer
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
- Corresponding authors. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jorge Plutzky, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 742, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. Telephone: 617-525-4360 Fax: 617-525-4366
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding authors. Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jorge Plutzky, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, NRB 742, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. Telephone: 617-525-4360 Fax: 617-525-4366
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Lapmanee S, Charoenphandhu N, Aeimlapa R, Suntornsaratoon P, Wongdee K, Tiyasatkulkovit W, Kengkoom K, Chaimongkolnukul K, Seriwatanachai D, Krishnamra N. High dietary cholesterol masks type 2 diabetes-induced osteopenia and changes in bone microstructure in rats. Lipids 2014; 49:975-86. [PMID: 25200330 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often occurs concurrently with high blood cholesterol or dyslipidemia. Although T2DM has been hypothesized to impair bone microstructure, several investigations showed that, when compared to age-matched healthy individuals, T2DM patients had normal or relatively high bone mineral density (BMD). Since cholesterol and lipids profoundly affect the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, it might be cholesterol that obscured the changes in BMD and bone microstructure in T2DM. The present study, therefore, aimed to determine bone elongation, epiphyseal histology, and bone microstructure in non-obese T2DM Goto-Kakizaki rats treated with normal (GK-ND) and high cholesterol diet. We found that volumetric BMD was lower in GK-ND rats than the age-matched wild-type controls. In histomorphometric study of tibial metaphysis, T2DM evidently suppressed osteoblast function as indicated by decreases in osteoblast surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate in GK-ND rats. Meanwhile, the osteoclast surface and eroded surface were increased in GK-ND rats, thus suggesting an activation of bone resorption. T2DM also impaired bone elongation, presumably by retaining the chondrogenic precursor cells in the epiphyseal resting zone. Interestingly, several bone changes in GK rats (e.g., increased osteoclast surface) disappeared after high cholesterol treatment as compared to wild-type rats fed high cholesterol diet. In conclusion, high cholesterol diet was capable of masking the T2DM-induced osteopenia and changes in several histomorphometric parameters that indicated bone microstructural defect. Cholesterol thus explained, in part, why a decrease in BMD was not observed in T2DM, and hence delayed diagnosis of the T2DM-associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Lapmanee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Genome wide analysis of sex difference in gene expression profiles of bone formations using sfx mice and BXD RI strains. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:584910. [PMID: 25133246 PMCID: PMC4123512 DOI: 10.1155/2014/584910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify sex differentially expressed genes in bone using a mouse model of spontaneous fracture, sfx, which lacks the gene for L-gulonolactone oxidase (Gulo), a key enzyme in the ascorbic acid (AA) synthesis pathway. We first identified the genes that are differentially expressed in the femur between female and male in sfx mice. We then analyzed the potential gene network among those differentially expressed genes with whole genome expression profiles generated using spleens of female and male mice of a total of 67 BXD (C57BL/6J X DBA/2J) recombinant inbred (RI) and other strains. Our result indicated that there was a sex difference in the whole genome profiles in sfx mice as measured by the proportion of up- and downregulated genes. Several genes in the pathway of bone development are differentially expressed between the male and female of sfx mice. Comparison of gene network of up- and downregulated bone relevant genes also suggests a sex difference.
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24
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Kim H, Koh H, Ku SY, Kim SH, Kim JH, Kim JG. Association between polymorphisms in period genes and bone density in postmenopausal Korean women. Climacteric 2014; 17:605-12. [PMID: 24678593 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.905527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms in period (PER) genes and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS The PER1 c.2247C> T and c.2884C> G polymorphisms; the PER2 c.661G> A and c.3731G> A polymorphisms; the PER3 c.2592G> A, c.3029C> T, c.3035C> T, and c.3083T> C polymorphisms, and the 54 bp variable number tandem repeats polymorphism were analyzed in 551 postmenopausal Korean women. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor, osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand, and bone markers including bone alkaline phosphatase and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were measured, and the lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs were also determined. RESULTS The PER2 c.661G> A, PER3 c.3029C> T and c.3035C> T polymorphisms were not observed. The PER2 and PER3 polymorphisms evaluated were not related to BMD, whereas associations of the c.2247C> T and c.2884C> G polymorphisms in PER1 with the lumbar spine BMD were observed both singly and in combination. The CC haplotype homozygotes showed significantly lower lumbar spine BMD than participants with other genotypes. Additionally, 2.01-fold higher odds for osteoporosis of the lumbar spine were found in the CC haplotype homozygotes compared to women not carrying the haplotype CC allele. No significant differences in bone markers were detected according to the PER1 haplotype genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both the PER1 c.2247C> T and c.2884C> G polymorphisms may be genetic factors affecting the lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- * Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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25
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Micro-architectural changes in cancellous bone differ in female and male C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet-induced low bone mineral density. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1811-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between fat and bone mass at distinct trabecular and cortical skeletal compartments in a high-fat diet (HFD) model was studied. For this, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups of eight animals each. Two groups, each of males and females, received a standard chow diet while the remaining other two groups received the HFD for a period of 10 weeks. Male mice on the HFD were heavier and gained more weight (15·8 %; P< 0·05) v. those on the control diet or when compared with the female rats fed the HFD. We observed an increased lipid profile in both males and females, with significantly higher lipid levels (about 20–25 %; P< 0·01) in males. However, glucose intolerance was more pronounced in females than males on the HFD (about 30 %; P< 0·05). The micro-architectural assessment of bones showed that compared with female mice on the HFD, male mice on the HFD showed more deterioration at the trabecular region. This was corroborated by plasma osteocalcin and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTx) levels confirming greater loss in males (about 20 %; P< 0·01). In both sexes cortical bone parameters and strength remained unchanged after 10 weeks of HFD treatment. The direct effect of the HFD on bone at the messenger RNA level in progenitor cells isolated from femoral bone marrow was a significantly increased expression of adipogenic marker genes v. osteogenic genes. Overall, the present data indicate that obesity induced by a HFD aggravates bone loss in the cancellous bone compartment, with a greater loss in males than females, although 10 weeks of HFD treatment did not alter cortical bone mass and strength in both males and females.
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Fehrendt H, Linn T, Hartmann S, Szalay G, Heiss C, Schnettler R, Lips KS. Negative influence of a long-term high-fat diet on murine bone architecture. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:318924. [PMID: 24696682 PMCID: PMC3950495 DOI: 10.1155/2014/318924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A correlation between obesity and bone metabolism is strongly assumed because adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from the same precursor cells and their differentiation is conversely regulated by the same factors. It is controversially discussed if obesity protects bone or leads to loss of bone mass. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of diet-induced mild obesity (11% increased body weight compared to control) on bone microstructure in mice. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat) and were analyzed by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry, histological methods, real-time RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy in comparison to control animals (10% kcal from fat). The cancellous bone mass, collagen 1α1 expression, amount of osteoid, and cohesion of cells via cell-to-cell contacts decreased in HFD mice whereas the bone mineral density and the amount of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were not modified. The amount of apoptotic osteocytes was increased in HFD mice in comparison to controls. We conclude that moderately increased body weight does not protect bone architecture from age-dependent degeneration. By contrast, bone microstructure is negatively affected and reduced maintenance of cell-cell contacts may be one of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinrich Fehrendt
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Medical Clinic and Polyclinic 3, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabor Szalay
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Kerkraderstrasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany
- *Katrin Susanne Lips:
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Zeng FF, Wu BH, Fan F, Xie HL, Xue WQ, Zhu HL, Chen YM. Dietary patterns and the risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese: a matched case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2347-55. [PMID: 23585662 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies have investigated the effects of individual foods or nutrients on bone health, but limited research has focused on dietary patterns. PURPOSE We examined the association of dietary patterns with the risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese. DESIGN This 1:1 age- (±3 years) and gender-matched case-control study were performed between June 2009 and June 2012. SETTING The study was conducted in Guangdong Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 581 pairs of hip fracture incident cases and controls (71 ± 7 years) were studied. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess dietary intake using a 79-item food frequency questionnaire, whereas general information was collected using structured questionnaires. Dietary patterns were identified by a principal components factor analysis. Univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the association. MAIN RESULT We identified 4 dietary patterns: healthy, prudent, traditional, and high-fat. Dose-dependent lower risks of hip fracture were observed in relation to higher scores in the healthy dietary pattern related to high fruit and vegetable intake and in the prudent pattern typified by a higher intake of nuts, mushrooms, algae, and seafood but lower in grains, whereas the same were associated with lower scores in the high-fat dietary pattern (all P trend < .05). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hip fractures, comparing the extreme tertiles of the 3 patterns, were 0.42 (0.24-0.73) for healthy, 0.51 (0.28-0.90) for prudent, and 2.25 (1.38-3.69) for high-fat. No significant association was found between the traditional dietary pattern (with a high intake of Chinese herbal tea, double stewed soup, processed meat and fish, and organ meat) and hip fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the consumption of a healthy or prudent dietary pattern can protect against hip fractures, whereas a high-fat pattern promotes the incidence of such fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-fang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Apolipoprotein E inhibits osteoclast differentiation via regulation of c-Fos, NFATc1 and NF-κB. Exp Cell Res 2012; 319:436-46. [PMID: 23246654 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a major role in the transport and metabolism of lipid. Other functions of ApoE include modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. The expression of ApoE in osteoblasts and its relevance with bone formation have also been reported. However, the effect of ApoE on osteoclasts has not yet been examined. Here, we investigated the role of ApoE in osteoclast differentiation using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells. We found a down-regulation of ApoE gene expression during osteoclastic differentiation of those cells. Overexpression of ApoE in BMMs and RAW264.7 cells significantly blocked the induction of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cell c1 (NFATc1), transcription factors critical for expression of osteoclast marker genes, by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), the osteoclast differentiation factor. ApoE inhibited osteoclast differentiation, as measured by decreased number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells (MNCs). In addition, ApoE reduced the expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) and ATPase, H(+) transporting, lysosomal 38kDa, V0 subunit d2 (ATP6v0d2), genes involved in cell-cell fusion during osteoclastogenesis. Knock-down of ApoE using a specific siRNA promoted the RANKL-mediated induction of osteoclast differentiation. While ApoE did not affect the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways by RANKL, the phosphorylation of p65 trans-activation domain on serine 536 and transcription activity of NF-κB were reduced by ApoE overexpression. These findings suggest that ApoE plays an inhibitory role in osteoclast differentiation via the suppression of RANKL-dependent activation of NF-κB and induction of c-Fos and NFATc1.
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Xiao Y, Cui J, Shi Y, Le G. Alpha-lipoic acid protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Gene expression profile in bone of diabetes-prone BB/OK rats fed a high-fat diet. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 8:99-104. [PMID: 22639302 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) has been recognized as a risk factor for diseases such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, and osteoporosis. However, studies analyzing gene expression after HFD in bone are rare. That prompted us to analyze the expression of selected genes in bone of 4-week-old diabetes-prone B(io)B(reeding) rats. Two breeding pairs were fed a HFD (+10 % tallow) or were fed a normal diet (ND; Ssniff R-Z) before mating and afterward during pregnancy. After the birth of progeny, parents continued to be given HFD or ND until the progeny was weaned (3 weeks). Thereafter, offspring were weaned and were fed the same food as their parents up to an age of 4 weeks. Body weight was measured at an age of 4 weeks, and subsequently 13 HFD rats and 13 ND rats were killed and the tibial bone was harvested to analyze the expression of 53 genes in bone. All rats fed HFD were significantly heavier than rats fed ND after 3 and 4 weeks. The diet also influenced the expression of genes in bone. There were significant differences in 20 out of 53 genes studied between rats fed HFD compared with rats fed ND. Four out of 20 had a lower and 17 out of 20 genes a higher expression in HFD rats, but differences in gene expression showed obvious differences between males and females. There were only two genes that were similarly different between males and females: Bmp4 and Atf4. Two genes, Foxg1 and Npy, were inversely expressed in males and females. It seems that the gene expression is differently regulated by diet during pregnancy and later in life between males and females. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that HFD also acts as an epigenetic factor in the development of offspring in utero.
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Tissue-specific expression of Sprouty1 in mice protects against high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation, bone loss and metabolic dysfunction. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:1025-33. [PMID: 22142492 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We recently characterised Sprouty1 (Spry1), a growth factor signalling inhibitor as a regulator of marrow progenitor cells promoting osteoblast differentiation at the expense of adipocytes. Adipose tissue-specific Spry1 expression in mice resulted in increased bone mass and reduced body fat, while conditional knockout of Spry1 had the opposite effect with decreased bone mass and increased body fat. Because Spry1 suppresses normal fat development, we tested the hypothesis that Spry1 expression prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, bone loss and associated lipid abnormalities, and demonstrate that Spry1 has a long-term protective effect on mice fed a high-energy diet. We studied diet-induced obesity in mice with fatty acid binding promoter-driven expression or conditional knockout of Spry1 in adipocytes. Phenotyping was performed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, microCT, histology and blood analysis. In conditional Spry1-null mice, a high-fat diet increased body fat by 40 %, impaired glucose regulation and led to liver steatosis. However, overexpression of Spry1 led to 35 % (P < 0·05) lower body fat, reduced bone loss and normal metabolic function compared with single transgenics. This protective phenotype was associated with decreased circulating insulin (70 %) and leptin (54 %; P < 0·005) compared with controls on a high-fat diet. Additionally, Spry1 expression decreased adipose tissue inflammation by 45 %. We show that conditional Spry1 expression in adipose tissue protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated bone loss.
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You L, Sheng ZY, Tang CL, Chen L, Pan L, Chen JY. High cholesterol diet increases osteoporosis risk via inhibiting bone formation in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1498-504. [PMID: 22036861 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of high cholesterol diet on the development of osteoporosis and the underlying mechanisms in rats. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into 3 groups: (1) the high cholesterol fed rats were fed a high cholesterol diet containing 77% normal diet food, 3% cholesterol and 20% lard for 3 months; (2) ovariectomised (OVX) rats were bilaterally ovariectomised and fed a standard diet; and (3) the control rats were fed the standard diet. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the rats was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of oestradiol (E2), osteocalcin (BGP) and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX) were measured using ELISA. Gene expression profile was determined with microarray. Mouse osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were used for in vitro study. Proliferation, differentiation and oxidative stress of the osteoblasts were investigated using MTT, qRT-PCR and biochemical methods. RESULTS In high cholesterol fed rats, the femur BMD and serum BGP level were significantly reduced, while the CTX level was significantly increased. DNA microarray analysis showed that 2290 genes were down-regulated and 992 genes were up-regulated in this group of rats. Of these genes, 1626 were also down-regulated and 1466 were up-regulated in OVX rats. In total, 370 genes were up-regulated in both groups, and 976 genes were down-regulated. Some of the down-regulated genes were found to code for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and Wnt signaling pathways. The up-regulated genes were found to code for IL-6 and Ager with bone-resorption functions. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with cholesterol (12.5-50 μg/mL) inhibited the cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The treatment also concentration-dependently reduced the expression of BMP2 and Cbfa1, and increased the oxidative injury in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION The results suggest a close correlation between hypercholesterolaemia and osteoporosis. High cholesterol diet increases the risk of osteoporosis, possible via inhibiting the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts.
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