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Le Garf S, Sibille B, Mothe-Satney I, Eininger C, Fauque P, Murdaca J, Chinetti G, Neels JG, Rousseau AS. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation increases the efficacy of exercise- and diet-induced obesity treatment and induces immunometabolic changes in female mice and women. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21312. [PMID: 33742689 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001817rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in the regulatory T cells (Tregs) population is highly involved in adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Tregs depend on fatty acids via β-oxidation for immunosuppressive function adapting their antioxidant systems to allow survival to oxidative stress. In this study, we have hypothesized that a dietary supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a powerful antioxidant, would improve immunometabolism when added to the classical strategy of obesity treatment. First, we showed by in vitro experiments that ALA favors the polarization of mice CD4 + T cells toward Tregs. Next, we have carried out a translational study where female obese mice and women were supplemented with ALA or vehicle/placebo (mice: 2.5 gALA /kgfood ; 6 weeks; women: 600 mgALA /day, 8 weeks) while following a protocol including regular exercise and a change in diet. Fatty acid oxidation potential and activity of nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) of mouse secondary lymphoid tissues were improved by ALA supplementation. ALA reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and preserved Tregs in VAT in mice. In women, ALA supplementation induced significant metabolic changes of circulating CD4 + T cells including increased oxidative capacity and fatty acid oxidation, ameliorated their redox status, and improved the reduction of visceral fat mass. While appropriate biological markers are still required to be used in clinics to judge the effectiveness of long-term obesity treatment, further studies in female mice and women are needed to determine whether these immunometabolic changes would reduce VAT mass-associated risk for secondary health issues arising from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaap G Neels
- INSERM, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Srdić M, Ovčina I, Fotschki B, Haros CM, Laparra Llopis JM. C. quinoa and S. hispanica L. Seeds Provide Immunonutritional Agonists to Selectively Polarize Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:E593. [PMID: 32131465 PMCID: PMC7140429 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-related immunometabolic-based diseases are associated with chronic inflammation in metabolic tissues, and infiltrated macrophages have been suggested as mediators for tissue- damaging inflammation. Growing evidence implicates Chenopodium quinoa and Salvia hispanica L. as important contributors to immunonutritional health. However, the functional roles of the immunonutritional protease inhibitors (PPIs) found in these crops on the macrophages' metabolic and phenotypic adaptation remain to be elucidated. The salt soluble fraction of proteins was extracted and analyzed confirming the presence of 11S and 2S albumin. The <30 kDa fraction of the extract from both crops was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, where (RP-LC-MS/MS analyses) polypeptides from 2S-type of proteins were found, along with the 2S albumin (13 kDa) for S. hispanica in the bioaccessible fraction (BAF). Using human-like macrophage cells to deepen our understanding of the modulatory effects of this BAF, FACS analyses revealed their potential as TLR4 agonists, favoring increased phenotypic CD68/CD206 ratios. The results of mitochondrial stress tests showed that cells increased oxygen consumption rates and non-mitochondrial respiration, confirming negligible deleterious effects on mitochondrial function. At molecular-level, adaptation responses shed light on changes showing biological correlation with TLR4 signaling. The resulting immunometabolic effects triggered by PPIs can be a part of a tailored nutritional intervention strategy in immunometabolic-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Srdić
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivana Ovčina
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Claudia Monika Haros
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jose Moises Laparra Llopis
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA Food). Ctra. Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.S.); (I.O.)
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The Immunomodulatory Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Autoimmune Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8086257. [PMID: 31016198 PMCID: PMC6446120 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8086257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Αlpha-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring antioxidant in human body and has been widely used as an antioxidant clinically. Accumulating evidences suggested that α-lipoic acid might have immunomodulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immune systems. This review focuses on the evidences and potential targets involved in the immunomodulatory effects of α-lipoic acid. It highlights the fact that α-lipoic acid may have beneficial effects in autoimmune diseases once the immunomodulatory effects can be confirmed by further investigation.
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Hosseinpour-Arjmand S, Amirkhizi F, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. The effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inflammatory markers and body composition in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 44:258-267. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Hosseinpour-Arjmand
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Farshad Amirkhizi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health; Zabol University of Medical Sciences; Zabol Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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Rao X, Zhong J, Brook RD, Rajagopalan S. Effect of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:797-818. [PMID: 29084451 PMCID: PMC5831906 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the biological action of PM is of particular importance in improvement of public health. Recent Advances: Both fine (PM <2.5 μM) and ultrafine particles (<0.1 μM) are widely believed to mediate their effects through redox regulated pathways. A rather simplistic graded ramp model of redox stress has been replaced by a more sophisticated understanding of the role of oxidative stress in signaling, and the realization that many of the observed effects may involve disruption and/or enhancement of normal endogenous redox signaling and induction of a potent immune-mediated response, through entrainment of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS). CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular events by which pulmonary oxidative stress in response to inhalational exposure to air pollution triggers inflammation, major ROS (e.g., superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite) generated in air pollution exposure, types of oxidative tissue damage in target organs, contributions of nonimmune and immune cells in inflammation, and the role of protective proteins (e.g., surfactant, proteins, and antioxidants) are highly complex and may differ depending on models and concomitant disease states. FUTURE DIRECTIONS While the role of oxidative stress in the lung has been well demonstrated, the role of oxidative stress in mediating systemic effects especially in inflammation and injury processes needs further work. The role of antioxidant defenses with chronic exposure will also need further exploration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 797-818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Rao
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jixin Zhong
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert D Brook
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Dworacka M, Chukanova G, Iskakova S, Kurmambayev Y, Wesołowska A, Frycz BA, Jagodziński PP, Dworacki G. New arguments for beneficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid on the cardiovascular system in the course of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:41-47. [PMID: 29427700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), widely known as an antioxidant, modifies also serum levels of angiogenic factors in type 2 diabetic patients. These pharmacological activities may influence the status of the cardiovascular system. Taking into consideration that diabetes is related to the increased cardiovascular risk we investigated several effects of ALA on angiogenic factors in the myocardium and in the aortal wall using a rat model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by a fat-rich diet and by intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Animals were divided into 3 groups: ALA-treated type 2 diabetes rat model, placebo-treated type 2 diabetes rat model and placebo-treated non-diabetic rats. ALA was administered orally once a day, 20 mg/kg, for 8 consecutive weeks. mRNA VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 expression was measured in the myocardium and the aortal wall, simultaneously with circulating VEGF and circulating endothelial cells (cEC) and endothelial progenitor cells (cEPC). RESULTS ALA induced pro-angiogenic effect in the myocardium of rats with diabetes increasing mRNA VEGF expression and decreasing mRNA VEGFR-1 expression, while in the aortal wall ALA increased mRNA VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1 expression. cVEGF in the ALA-treated group was higher comparing to both control groups. It was revealed that cEC percentage in the ALA-treated group was decreased with no effect on the percentage of cEPC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the current data provide novel findings about potential beneficial effects of ALA on angiogenic factors in the cardiovascular system, especially on myocardium, in the course of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Dworacka
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5d, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Galina Chukanova
- Department of Pharmacology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Mareshev str. 68, Aktobe 030019, Kazakhstan.
| | - Saule Iskakova
- Department of Pharmacology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Mareshev str. 68, Aktobe 030019, Kazakhstan.
| | - Yergen Kurmambayev
- Department of Pharmacology, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov State Medical University, Mareshev str. 68, Aktobe 030019, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5d, 60-805 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bartosz A Frycz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 6, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-805 Poznań,Poland.
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Differential peripheral blood methylation by α-lipoic acid and EPA supplementation in overweight or obese women during a weight loss program. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Leppert U, Gillespie A, Orphal M, Böhme K, Plum C, Nagorsen K, Berkholz J, Kreutz R, Eisenreich A. The impact of α-Lipoic acid on cell viability and expression of nephrin and ZNF580 in normal human podocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 810:1-8. [PMID: 28606850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human podocytes (hPC) are essential for maintaining normal kidney function and dysfunction or loss of hPC play a pivotal role in the manifestation and progression of chronic kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Previously, α-Lipoic acid (α-LA), a licensed drug for treatment of diabetic neuropathy, was shown to exhibit protective effects on diabetic nephropathy in vivo. However, the effect of α-LA on hPC under non-diabetic conditions is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of α-LA on cell viability and expression of nephrin and zinc finger protein 580 (ZNF580) in normal hPC in vitro. Protein analyses were done via Western blot techniques. Cell viability was determined using a functional assay. hPC viability was dynamically modulated via α-LA stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner. This was associated with reduced nephrin and ZNF580 expression and increased nephrin phosphorylation in normal hPC. Moreover, α-LA reduced nephrin and ZNF580 protein expression via 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB) inhibition. These data demonstrate that low α-LA had no negative influence on hPC viability, whereas, high α-LA concentrations induced cytotoxic effects on normal hPC and reduced nephrin and ZNF580 expression via NF-κB inhibition. These data provide first novel information about potential cytotoxic effects of α-LA on hPC under non-diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leppert
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Allan Gillespie
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Orphal
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Böhme
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Plum
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kaj Nagorsen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Berkholz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC02, Institut für Physiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenreich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CC04, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Huerta AE, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Fernández-Galilea M, Escoté X, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Effects of dietary supplementation with EPA and/or α-lipoic acid on adipose tissue transcriptomic profile of healthy overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet. Biofactors 2017; 43:117-131. [PMID: 27507611 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, the increment of adiposity levels disrupts the whole body homeostasis, promoting an over production of oxidants and inflammatory mediators. The current study aimed to characterize the transcriptomic changes promoted by supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 1.3 g/day), α-lipoic acid (0.3 g/day), or both (EPA + α-lipoic acid, 1.3 g/day + 0.3 g/day) in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from overweight/obese healthy women, who followed a hypocaloric diet (30% of total energy expenditure) during ten weeks, by using a microarray approach. At the end of the intervention, a total of 33,297 genes were analyzed using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays. EPA promoted changes in extracellular matrix remodeling gene expression, besides a rise of genes associated with either chemotaxis or wound repair. α-Lipoic acid decreased expression of genes related with cell adhesion and inflammation. Furthermore, α-lipoic acid, especially in combination with EPA, upregulated the expression of genes associated with lipid catabolism while downregulated genes involved in lipids storage. Together, all these data suggest that some of the metabolic effects of EPA and α-lipoic acid could be related to their regulatory actions on adipose tissue metabolism. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):117-131, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Huerta
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro L Prieto-Hontoria
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Gomes MB, Negrato CA. Alpha-lipoic acid as a pleiotropic compound with potential therapeutic use in diabetes and other chronic diseases. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:80. [PMID: 25104975 PMCID: PMC4124142 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid is a naturally occurring substance, essential for the function of different enzymes that take part in mitochondria's oxidative metabolism. It is believed that alpha-lipoic acid or its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid have many biochemical functions acting as biological antioxidants, as metal chelators, reducers of the oxidized forms of other antioxidant agents such as vitamin C and E, and modulator of the signaling transduction of several pathways. These above-mentioned actions have been shown in experimental studies emphasizing the use of alpha-lipoic acid as a potential therapeutic agent for many chronic diseases with great epidemiological as well economic and social impact such as brain diseases and cognitive dysfunctions like Alzheimer disease, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, burning mouth syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, some types of cancer, glaucoma and osteoporosis. Many conflicting data have been found concerning the clinical use of alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetes and of diabetes-related chronic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, wound healing and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The most frequent clinical condition in which alpha-lipoic acid has been studied was in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 as well type 2 diabetes. Considering that oxidative stress, a imbalance between pro and antioxidants with excessive production of reactive oxygen species, is a factor in the development of many diseases and that alpha-lipoic acid, a natural thiol antioxidant, has been shown to have beneficial effects on oxidative stress parameters in various tissues we wrote this article in order to make an up-to-date review of current thinking regarding alpha-lipoic acid and its use as an antioxidant drug therapy for a myriad of diseases that could have potential benefits from its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Brito Gomes
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Unit, State University Hospital of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 77, 3° andar CEP 20.551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Negrato
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Bauru’s Diabetics Association, 17012-433 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ishiki M, Nishida Y, Ishibashi H, Wada T, Fujisaka S, Takikawa A, Urakaze M, Sasaoka T, Usui I, Tobe K. Impact of divergent effects of astaxanthin on insulin signaling in L6 cells. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2600-12. [PMID: 23715867 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because oxidative stress promotes insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes, it is crucial to find effective antioxidant for the purpose of decreasing this threat. In this study, we explored the effect of astaxanthin, a carotenoid antioxidant, on insulin signaling and investigated whether astaxanthin improves cytokine- and free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in vitro. We examined the effect of astaxanthin on insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, glucose uptake, and insulin signaling in cultured rat L6 muscle cells using plasma membrane lawn assay, 2-deoxyglucose uptake, and Western blot analysis. Next, we examined the effect of astaxanthin on TNFα- and palmitate-induced insulin resistance. The amount of reactive oxygen species generated by TNFα or palmitate with or without astaxanthin was evaluated by dichlorofluorescein staining. We also compared the effect of astaxanthin on insulin signaling with that of other antioxidants, α-lipoic acid and α-tocopherol. We observed astaxanthin enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake, which was associated with an increase in insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine and Akt phosphorylation and a decrease in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate-1 serine 307 phosphorylation. Furthermore, astaxanthin restored TNFα- and palmitate-induced decreases in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation or glucose uptake with a concomitant decrease in reactive oxygen species generation. α-Lipoic acid enhanced Akt phosphorylation and decreased ERK and JNK phosphorylation, whereas α-tocopherol enhanced ERK and JNK phosphorylation but had little effect on Akt phosphorylation. Collectively these findings indicate astaxanthin is a very effective antioxidant for ameliorating insulin resistance by protecting cells from oxidative stress generated by various stimuli including TNFα and palmitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ishiki
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Astiz M, Hurtado de Catalfo GE, García MN, Galletti SM, Errecalde AL, de Alaniz MJT, Marra CA. Pesticide-induced decrease in rat testicular steroidogenesis is differentially prevented by lipoate and tocopherol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 91:129-38. [PMID: 23465731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the sub-chronic administration of low doses of Toc or α-Toc, glyphosate and zineb to rats (i.p. 1/250 LD50, three times a week for 5 weeks) provoked severe oxidative stress (OS) in testicles. These effects were also reflected in plasma. Lipoic acid (LA) and α-tocopherol are considered as antioxidants due to their ability to neutralize reactive oxygenated species (ROS) and reset endogenous antioxidant levels. To investigate the possible protective effect on reproductive function, LA and Toc (i.p. 25, 50 and 100mg/kg) were administered simultaneously with the pesticide mixture (PM) for 5 weeks. Both drugs prevented OS and the damage to proteins and lipids caused by PM in a dose-dependent manner. The PM-induced increase levels of prostaglandins E2 and F2α was completely restored by LA but not by Toc. Similarly, only LA was able to restore the inhibition of testosterone production, the decrease of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases activities, and the elevation of gonatropins (FSH and LH) levels produced by PM. Furthermore, LA was more efficient than Toc in normalizing the histological alterations produced by PM administration, suggesting that pesticides act though other mechanisms that generate oxidative stress. In our experimental model LA displayed a higher protective role against pesticide-induced damage than that observed by Toc administration. Our results suggest that LA administration is a promising therapeutic strategy for coping with disorders suspected to be caused by OS generators - such as pesticides - in male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- INIBIOLP (Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata), CCT La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Argentina
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13
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Lucas K, Maes M. Role of the Toll Like receptor (TLR) radical cycle in chronic inflammation: possible treatments targeting the TLR4 pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:190-204. [PMID: 23436141 PMCID: PMC7091222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, a receptor of the innate immune system, may underpin the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including asthma, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, clinical depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, alcohol abuse, and toluene inhalation. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that recognize damage-associated molecular patterns and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria. Here we focus on the environmental factors, which are known to trigger TLR4, e.g., ozone, atmosphere particulate matter, long-lived reactive oxygen intermediate, pentachlorophenol, ionizing radiation, and toluene. Activation of the TLR4 pathways may cause chronic inflammation and increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative and nitrosative stress and therefore TLR-related diseases. This implies that drugs or substances that modify these pathways may prevent or improve the abovementioned diseases. Here we review some of the most promising drugs and agents that have the potential to attenuate TLR-mediated inflammation, e.g., anti-LPS strategies that aim to neutralize LPS (synthetic anti-LPS peptides and recombinant factor C) and TLR4/MyD88 antagonists, including eritoran, CyP, EM-163, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, 6-shogaol, cinnamon extract, N-acetylcysteine, melatonin, and molecular hydrogen. The authors posit that activation of the TLR radical (ROS/RNS) cycle is a common pathway underpinning many "civilization" disorders and that targeting the TLR radical cycle may be an effective method to treat many inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lucas
- Sportzenkoppel 54, 22359, Hamburg, Germany
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Astiz M, de Alaniz MJ, Marra CA. The oxidative damage and inflammation caused by pesticides are reverted by lipoic acid in rat brain. Neurochem Int 2012; 61:1231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity is the hallmark of the metabolic syndrome and predisposes patients to the development of major chronic metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipose tissue expansion in obesity is characterized by increasing infiltration of proinflammatory immune cells into adipose tissue causing chronic, low-grade inflammation. Phenotypic switching of macrophages is an important mechanism of adipose tissue inflammation, and there is involvement of cells from the adaptive immune system in this process. T-cell phenotype changes and recruitment of B cells and T cells precedes macrophage infiltration. Cytokines and chemokines produced by immune cells influence localized and systemic inflammation, which is a pathogenic link between obesity and insulin resistance. Antigens absorbed from the gut might contribute to T-cell activation and recruitment into visceral adipose tissue in obesity. This Review summarizes, in the context of obesity, the evidence for infiltration of adipose tissue by cells of the adaptive immune system, how adaptive system cells affect innate cell populations and the influence of adaptive immune cells on the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Sell
- Paul-Langerhans Group, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rosa FT, Zulet MÁ, Marchini JS, Martínez JA. Bioactive compounds with effects on inflammation markers in humans. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:749-65. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.649250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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