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Morito K, Ali H, Kishino S, Tanaka T. Fatty Acid Metabolism in Peroxisomes and Related Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38811487 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
One of the functions of peroxisomes is the oxidation of fatty acids (FAs). The importance of this function in our lives is evidenced by the presence of peroxisomal disorders caused by the genetic deletion of proteins involved in these processes. Unlike mitochondrial oxidation, peroxisomal oxidation is not directly linked to ATP production. What is the role of FA oxidation in peroxisomes? Recent studies have revealed that peroxisomes supply the building blocks for lipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitate intracellular carbon recycling for membrane quality control. Accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are peroxisomal substrates, is a diagnostic marker in many types of peroxisomal disorders. However, the relationship between VLCFA accumulation and various symptoms of these disorders remains unclear. Recently, we developed a method for solubilizing VLCFAs in aqueous media and found that VLCFA toxicity could be mitigated by oleic acid replenishment. In this chapter, we present the physiological role of peroxisomal FA oxidation and the knowledge obtained from VLCFA-accumulating peroxisome-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Morito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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2
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Ali H, Yamanishi M, Sunagawa K, Kumon M, Hasi RY, Aihara M, Kawakami R, Tanaka T. Protective effect of oleic acid against very long-chain fatty acid-induced apoptosis in peroxisome-deficient CHO cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159452. [PMID: 38244676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are degraded exclusively in peroxisomes, as evidenced by the accumulation of VLCFAs in patients with certain peroxisomal disorders. Although accumulation of VLCFAs is considered to be associated with health issues, including neuronal degeneration, the mechanisms underlying VLCFAs-induced tissue degeneration remain unclear. Here, we report the toxic effect of VLCFA and protective effect of C18: 1 FA in peroxisome-deficient CHO cells. We examined the cytotoxicity of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs with chain-length at C20-C26, and found that longer and saturated VLCFA showed potent cytotoxicity at lower accumulation levels. Furthermore, the extent of VLCFA-induced toxicity was found to be associated with a decrease in cellular C18:1 FA levels. Notably, supplementation with C18:1 FA effectively rescued the cells from VLCFA-induced apoptosis without reducing the cellular VLCFAs levels, implying that peroxisome-deficient cells can survive in the presence of accumulated VLCFA, as long as the cells keep sufficient levels of cellular C18:1 FA. These results suggest a therapeutic potential of C18:1 FA in peroxisome disease and may provide new insights into the pharmacological effect of Lorenzo's oil, a 4:1 mixture of C18:1 and C22:1 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Mone Yamanishi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Keigo Sunagawa
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kumon
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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3
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Ali H, Kobayashi M, Morito K, Hasi RY, Aihara M, Hayashi J, Kawakami R, Tsuchiya K, Sango K, Tanaka T. Peroxisomes attenuate cytotoxicity of very long-chain fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159259. [PMID: 36460260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the major functions of peroxisomes in mammals is oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Genetic defects in peroxisomal β-oxidation result in the accumulation of VLCFAs and lead to a variety of health problems, such as demyelination of nervous tissues. However, the mechanisms by which VLCFAs cause tissue degeneration have not been fully elucidated. Recently, we found that the addition of small amounts of isopropanol can enhance the solubility of saturated VLCFAs in an aqueous medium. In this study, we characterized the biological effect of extracellular VLCFAs in peroxisome-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, neural crest-derived pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), and immortalized adult Fischer rat Schwann cells (IFRS1) using this solubilizing technique. C20:0 FA was the most toxic of the C16-C26 FAs tested in all cells. The basis of the toxicity of C20:0 FA was apoptosis and was observed at 5 μM and 30 μM in peroxisome-deficient and wild-type CHO cells, respectively. The sensitivity of wild-type CHO cells to cytotoxic C20:0 FA was enhanced in the presence of a peroxisomal β-oxidation inhibitor. Further, a positive correlation was evident between cell toxicity and the extent of intracellular accumulation of toxic FA. These results suggest that peroxisomes are pivotal in the detoxification of apoptotic VLCFAs by preventing their accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Miyu Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
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Kyselová L, Vítová M, Řezanka T. Very long chain fatty acids. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 87:101180. [PMID: 35810824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are important components of various lipid classes in most organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and mammals, including humans. VLCFAs, or very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), can be defined as fatty acids with 23 or more carbon atoms in the molecule. The main emphasis in this review is on the analysis of these acids, including obtaining standards from natural sources or their synthesis. Furthermore, the occurrence and analysis of these compounds in both lower (bacteria, invertebrates) and higher organisms (flowering plants or mammals) are discussed in detail. Attention is paid to their biosynthesis, especially the elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein (ELOVL4). This review deals with papers describing these very interesting compounds, whose chemical, biochemical and biological properties have not been fully explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milada Vítová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre for Phycology, Dukelská 135, 379 01 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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5
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Ali H, Morito K, Hasi RY, Aihara M, Hayashi J, Kawakami R, Kanemaru K, Tsuchiya K, Sango K, Tanaka T. Characterization of uptake and metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids in peroxisome-deficient CHO cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159088. [PMID: 34848380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) longer than C20 are classified as very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Although biosynthesis and degradation of VLCFAs are important for the development and integrity of the myelin sheath, knowledge on the incorporation of extracellular VLCFAs into the cells is limited due to the experimental difficulty of solubilizing them. In this study, we found that a small amount of isopropanol solubilized VLCFAs in aqueous medium by facilitating the formation of the VLCFA/albumin complex. Using this solubilizing technique, we examined the role of the peroxisome in the uptake and metabolism of VLCFAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. When wild-type CHO cells were incubated with saturated VLCFAs (S-VLCFAs), such as C23:0 FA, C24:0 FA, and C26:0 FA, extensive uptake was observed. Most of the incorporated S-VLCFAs were oxidatively degraded without acylation into cellular lipids. In contrast, in peroxisome-deficient CHO cells uptake of S-VLCFAs was marginal and oxidative metabolism was not observed. Extensive uptake and acylation of monounsaturated (MU)-VLCFAs, such as C24:1 FA and C22:1 FA, were observed in both types of CHO cells. However, oxidative metabolism was evident only in wild-type cells. Similar manners of uptake and metabolism of S-VLCFAs and MU-VLCFAs were observed in IFRS1, a Schwan cell-derived cell line. These results indicate that peroxisome-deficient cells limit intracellular S-VLCFAs at a low level by halting uptake, and as a result, peroxisome-deficient cells almost completely lose the clearance ability of S-VLCFAs accumulated outside of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Rumana Yesmin Hasi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Aihara
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Ryushi Kawakami
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Kanemaru
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
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Garikapati V, Colasante C, Baumgart-Vogt E, Spengler B. Sequential lipidomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses of serum, liver, and heart tissue specimens from peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11α knockout mice. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2235-2250. [PMID: 35083512 PMCID: PMC8821073 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are versatile single membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic organelles, involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism and diverse other metabolic processes. Peroxisomal disorders result from mutations in Pex genes-encoded proteins named peroxins (PEX proteins) and single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. The PEX11 protein family (α, β, and γ isoforms) plays an important role in peroxisomal proliferation and fission. However, their specific functions and the metabolic impact caused by their deficiencies have not been precisely characterized. To understand the systemic molecular alterations caused by peroxisomal defects, here we utilized untreated peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11α knockout (Pex11α KO) mouse model and performed serial relative-quantitative lipidomic, metabolomic, and proteomic analyses of serum, liver, and heart tissue homogenates. We demonstrated significant specific changes in the abundances of multiple lipid species, polar metabolites, and proteins and dysregulated metabolic pathways in distinct biological specimens of the Pex11α KO adult mice in comparison to the wild type (WT) controls. Overall, the present study reports comprehensive semi-quantitative molecular omics information of the Pex11α KO mice, which might serve in the future as a reference for a better understanding of the roles of Pex11α and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vannuruswamy Garikapati
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Colasante
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Lee-Okada HC, Hama K, Yokoyama K, Yokomizo T. Development of a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous analysis of free fatty acids. J Biochem 2021; 170:389-397. [PMID: 34009367 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) play important roles in several physiological and pathophysiological processes, functioning as both non-esterified free FAs (FFAs) and components of other lipid classes. Although many lipid classes are readily measured using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), the measurement of FFAs by this method is not straightforward because of inconsistent fragmentation behaviors. In this study, we describe a strategy to measure FFAs using conventional reverse-phase LC-ESI-MS/MS, without derivatization. The strategy combines three key methods: 1) an isocratic LC separation with a high organic solvent ratio, 2) post-column base addition, and 3) pseudo-multiple reaction monitoring. The method facilitates the measurement of ultra-long-chain FAs, the accumulation of which is a common biochemical abnormality in peroxisomal disorders. This study delivers a broad strategy that measures a wide spectrum of FFA species in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Cheol Lee-Okada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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8
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Hama K, Fujiwara Y, Takashima S, Hayashi Y, Yamashita A, Shimozawa N, Yokoyama K. Hexacosenoyl-CoA is the most abundant very long-chain acyl-CoA in ATP binding cassette transporter D1-deficient cells. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:523-536. [PMID: 32075856 PMCID: PMC7112142 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p119000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disorder caused by deleterious mutations in the ABCD1 gene. The ABCD1 protein transports very long-chain FAs (VLCFAs) from the cytosol into the peroxisome where the VLCFAs are degraded through β-oxidation. ABCD1 dysfunction leads to VLCFA accumulation in individuals with X-ALD. FAs are activated by esterification to CoA before metabolic utilization. However, the intracellular pools and metabolic profiles of individual acyl-CoA esters have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we profiled the acyl-CoA species in fibroblasts from X-ALD patients and in ABCD1-deficient HeLa cells. We found that hexacosenoyl (26:1)-CoA, but not hexacosanoyl (26:0)-CoA, was the most abundantly concentrated among the VLCFA-CoA species in these cells. We also show that 26:1-CoA is mainly synthesized from oleoyl-CoA, and the metabolic turnover rate of 26:1-CoA was almost identical to that of oleoyl-CoA in both WT and ABCD1-deficient HeLa cells. The findings of our study provide precise quantitative and metabolic information of each acyl-CoA species in living cells. Our results suggest that VLCFA is endogenously synthesized as VLCFA-CoA through a FA elongation pathway and is then efficiently converted to other metabolites, such as phospholipids, in the absence of ABCD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Imanaka T. Biogenesis and Function of Peroxisomes in Human Disease with a Focus on the ABC Transporter. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:649-665. [PMID: 31061307 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are indispensable organelles in mammals including humans. They are involved in the β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, and the synthesis of ether phospholipids and bile acids. Pre-peroxisomes bud from endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomal membrane and matrix proteins are imported to the pre-peroxisomes. Then, matured peroxisomes grow by division. Impairment of the biogenesis and function of peroxisomes results in severe diseases. Since I first undertook peroxisome research in Prof. de Duve's laboratory at Rockefeller University in 1985, I have continuously studied peroxisomes for more than 30 years, with a particular focus on the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Here, I review the history of peroxisome research, the biogenesis and function of peroxisomes, and peroxisome disease including X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. The review includes the targeting and function of the ABC transporter subfamily D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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10
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Imanaka T. [Biogenesis, the Function of Peroxisomes, and Their Role in Genetic Disease: With a Focus on the ABC Transporter]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:1067-1083. [PMID: 30068848 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles that are present in almost all eukaryotic cells. These organelles were first described in 1954, in the cytoplasm of the proximal tubule cells in the mouse kidney, using electron microscopy by Rhodin and referred to as "microbodies". Then, de Duve and Baudhuin isolated microbodies from rat liver using density gradient centrifugation, defined the microbodies as membrane-bound organelles containing several H2O2-producing oxidases and H2O2-degrading catalase, and named them peroxisomes. At present, the biogenesis of peroxisomes in mammals involves three different processes: the formation of pre-peroxisomes from the endoplasmic reticulum, the import of peroxisomal membrane and matrix proteins to the pre-peroxisomes, and the growth and division of the peroxisomes. These organelles are involved in a variety of metabolic processes, including the β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, and the synthesis of ether phospholipids and bile acids in mammals. These metabolic pathways require the transport of metabolites in and out of peroxisomes. The transport of such metabolites is facilitated in part by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Impairment of the biogenesis and function of peroxisomes causes severe peroxisomal disorders. Since I began peroxisome research at Professor de Duve's laboratory in 1985, I have studied the biogenesis and function of peroxisomes and peroxisome diseases for more than 30 years, with a focus on ABC transporters. Here, I review the biogenesis of peroxisomes, the targeting of ABC transporters to the peroxisome, and the function of ABC transporters in physiological and pathological processes, including X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Hama K, Fujiwara Y, Morita M, Yamazaki F, Nakashima Y, Takei S, Takashima S, Setou M, Shimozawa N, Imanaka T, Yokoyama K. Profiling and Imaging of Phospholipids in Brains of Abcd1
-Deficient Mice. Lipids 2018; 53:85-102. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku; Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku; Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamazaki
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Yuko Nakashima
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center; Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- International Mass Imaging Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy; Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu; Shizuoka 431-3192 Japan
- Department of Anatomy; The University of Hong Kong, 6/F, William MW Mong Block 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam; Hong Kong SAR China
- Riken Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center; Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imanaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani; Toyama 930-0194 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Kure; Hiroshima 737-0112 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku; Tokyo 173-8605 Japan
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12
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Hama K, Fujiwara Y, Tabata H, Takahashi H, Yokoyama K. Comprehensive Quantitation Using Two Stable Isotopically Labeled Species and Direct Detection of N-Acyl Moiety of Sphingomyelin. Lipids 2017; 52:789-799. [PMID: 28770378 PMCID: PMC5583271 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (ceramide-phosphocholine, CerPCho) is a common sphingolipid in mammalian cells and is composed of phosphorylcholine and ceramide as polar and hydrophobic components, respectively. In this study, a qualitative liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS/MS) analysis is proposed in which CerPCho structures were assigned based on product ion spectra corresponding to sphingosylphosphorylcholine and N-acyl moieties. From MS/MS/MS analysis of CerPCho, we observed product ion spectra of the N-acyl fatty acids as [RCO2]− ions as well as sphingosylphosphorylcholine. A calibration curve for CerPCho was constructed using two stable isotopically labeled CerPCho species and then used to quantify the CerPCho species in HeLa cells as a proof-of-principle study. The present study proposes an accurate method for quantifying and assigning structures to each CerPCho species in crude biologic samples by LC–ESI–MS/MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Yuko Fujiwara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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13
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Řezanka T, Lukavský J, Nedbalová L, Sigler K. Lipidomic profile in three species of dinoflagellates (Amphidinium carterae, Cystodinium sp., and Peridinium aciculiferum) containing very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 139:88-97. [PMID: 28433954 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the identification of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) in three strains of dinoflagellates (Amphidinium carterae, Cystodinium sp., and Peridinium aciculiferum). The strains were cultivated and their lipidomic profiles were obtained by high resolution mass spectrometry with the aid of positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode by Orbitrap apparatus. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC/ESI) was used to separate major lipid classes of the three genera of dinoflagellates by neutral loss scan showing the ion [M + H-28:8]+, where 28:8 was octacosaoctaenoic acid, and by precursor ion scanning of ions at m/z 407, which was an ion corresponding to the structure of acyl of 28:8 acid (C27H39COO-). Based on these analyzes, it was found that out of more than a dozen lipid classes present in the total lipids, only two classes of neutral lipids, i.e. major triacylglycerols and minor diacylglycerols contain VLCPUFAs. In polar lipids, VLCPUFAs were identified only in phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidyl choline (PC) or in their lyso-forms (LPA and LPC). Further analysis of individual lipid classes by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed the presence of triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing VLCPUFAs, i.e. molecular species of the sn-28:7/28:8/28:8, sn-26:7/28:7/28:8, or sn-26:7/28:8/28:8 types. These TAGs are the longest and most unsaturated TAGs isolated from a natural source that have yet been synthesized. In the case of PA and PC, tandem MS identified sn-28:8/16:0-PA and sn-28:8/16:0-PC and the corresponding lyso-forms (28:8-LPC and 28:8-LPA). All these results indicate that TAGs containing VLCPUFAs are biosynthesized in dinoflagellates in the same manner as in higher eukaryotic organisms, which means that the PA, after conversion to DAG, serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of other phospholipids, e.g. PC, and, after further acylation, also of TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaromír Lukavský
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Biorefinery Res. Centre of Competence, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sigler
- Institute of Microbiology, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Takashima S, Toyoshi K, Itoh T, Kajiwara N, Honda A, Ohba A, Takemoto S, Yoshida S, Shimozawa N. Detection of unusual very-long-chain fatty acid and ether lipid derivatives in the fibroblasts and plasma of patients with peroxisomal diseases using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mol Genet Metab 2017; 120:255-268. [PMID: 28089346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes occur in patients with peroxisomal diseases owing to impairments in the genes involved in peroxisome function. For diagnostic purposes, saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) such as C24:0 and C26:0, phytanic acid, pristanic acid, and plasmalogens are often measured as metabolic hallmarks. As the direct pathology of peroxisomal disease is yet to be fully elucidated, we sought to explore the fatty acid species that accumulate in patients with peroxisomal diseases. We developed a method for detecting a range of fatty acids implicated in peroxisomal diseases such as Zellweger syndrome (ZS) and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). To this end, we employed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled with negatively charged electrospray ionization. Fatty acids from patients and control subjects were extracted from total lipids by acid-hydrolysis and compared. In accordance with previous results, the amounts of VLCFAs, phytanic acid, and pristanic acid differed between the two groups. We identified extremely long and highly polyunsaturated VLCFAs (ultra-VLC-PUFAs) such as C44:12 in ZS samples. Moreover, three unknown molecules were prominent in control samples but scarcely detectable in ZS samples. LC-MS/MS analysis identified these as 1-alkyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphates derived from ether lipids containing fatty alcohols such as C16:0, C18:0, or C18:1. Our method provides an approach to observing a wide range of lipid-derived fatty acids and related molecules in order to understand the metabolic changes involved in peroxisomal diseases. This technique can therefore be used in identifying metabolic markers and potential clinical targets for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Takashima
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Toyoshi
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Itoh
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Naomi Kajiwara
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Ayako Honda
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohba
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Shoko Takemoto
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimozawa
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Japan
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15
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Herzog K, Pras-Raves ML, Vervaart MAT, Luyf ACM, van Kampen AHC, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR, Vaz FM. Lipidomic analysis of fibroblasts from Zellweger spectrum disorder patients identifies disease-specific phospholipid ratios. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1447-54. [PMID: 27284103 PMCID: PMC4959860 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles involved in various metabolic processes, including fatty acid and phospholipid homeostasis. The Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs) represent a group of diseases caused by a defect in the biogenesis of peroxisomes. Accordingly, cells from ZSD patients are expected to have an altered composition of fatty acids and phospholipids. Using an LC/MS-based lipidomics approach, we show that the phospholipid composition is characteristically altered in cultured primary skin fibroblasts from ZSD patients when compared with healthy controls. We observed a marked overall increase of phospholipid species containing very long-chain fatty acids, and a decrease of phospholipid species with shorter fatty acid species in ZSD patient fibroblasts. In addition, we detected a distinct phosphatidylcholine profile in ZSD patients with a severe and mild phenotype when compared with control cells. Based on our data, we present a set of specific phospholipid ratios for fibroblasts that clearly discriminate between mild and severe ZSD patients, and those from healthy controls. Our findings will aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of ZSD patients, including an increasing number of mild patients in whom hardly any abnormalities are observed in biochemical parameters commonly used for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herzog
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A T Vervaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Angela C M Luyf
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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16
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Chromatographic Methods in the Separation of Long-Chain Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents various chromatographic systems, TLC, HPLC, GC, and also SFC, developed for identification and accurate quantification of long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids from different samples with emphasis on selected literature which was published during last decade. Almost all the aspects such as preseparation step of fatty acids (cisandtrans), stationary phase, solvent system, and detection mode are discussed.
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