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Gorji AE, Ostaszewski P, Urbańska K, Sadkowski T. Does β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Have Any Potential to Support the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in Humans and Animals? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2329. [PMID: 37626825 PMCID: PMC10452677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the protein reservoir of our body and an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. The dystrophin gene is the largest gene and has a key role in skeletal muscle construction and function. Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy in humans, mice, dogs, and cats. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular condition causing progressive muscle weakness and premature death. β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) prevents deleterious muscle responses under pathological conditions, including tumor and chronic steroid therapy-related muscle losses. The use of HMB as a dietary supplement allows for increasing lean weight gain; has a positive immunostimulatory effect; is associated with decreased mortality; and attenuates sarcopenia in elderly animals and individuals. This study aimed to identify some genes, metabolic pathways, and biological processes which are common for DMD and HMB based on existing literature and then discuss the consequences of that interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolvahab Ebrahimpour Gorji
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Piotr Ostaszewski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.E.G.); (P.O.)
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Hinkle JS, Rivera CN, Vaughan RA. Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Mitochondrial Biogenesis: An Overview and Mechanistic Summary. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200109. [PMID: 36047448 PMCID: PMC9786258 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential in the diet and promote several vital cell responses which may have benefits for health and athletic performance, as well as disease prevention. While BCAA are well-known for their ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, their effects on cell energetics are also becoming well-documented, but these receive less attention. In this review, much of the current evidence demonstrating BCAA ability (as individual amino acids or as part of dietary mixtures) to alter regulators of cellular energetics with an emphasis on mitochondrial biogenesis and related signaling is highlighted. Several studies have shown, both in vitro and in vivo, that BCAA (either individual or as a mixture) may promote signaling associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis including the upregulation of master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), as well as numerous downstream targets and related function. However, sparse data in humans and the difficulty of controlling variables associated with feeding studies leave the physiological relevance of these findings unclear. Future well-controlled diet studies will be needed to assess if BCAA consumption is associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and improved metabolic outcomes in healthy and/or diseased human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Hinkle
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC27262‐3598USA
| | - Caroline N. Rivera
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC27262‐3598USA
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Exercise ScienceHigh Point UniversityHigh PointNC27262‐3598USA
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Singh SS, Kumar A, Welch N, Sekar J, Mishra S, Bellar A, Gangadhariah M, Attaway A, Al Khafaji H, Wu X, Pathak V, Agrawal V, McMullen MR, Hornberger TA, Nagy LE, Davuluri G, Dasarathy S. Multiomics-Identified Intervention to Restore Ethanol-Induced Dysregulated Proteostasis and Secondary Sarcopenia in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:91-116. [PMID: 33543862 DOI: 10.33594/000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Signaling and metabolic perturbations contribute to dysregulated skeletal muscle protein homeostasis and secondary sarcopenia in response to a number of cellular stressors including ethanol exposure. Using an innovative multiomics-based curating of unbiased data, we identified molecular and metabolic therapeutic targets and experimentally validated restoration of protein homeostasis in an ethanol-fed mouse model of liver disease. METHODS Studies were performed in ethanol-treated differentiated C2C12 myotubes and physiological relevance established in an ethanol-fed mouse model of alcohol-related liver disease (mALD) or pair-fed control C57BL/6 mice. Transcriptome and proteome from ethanol treated-myotubes and gastrocnemius muscle from mALD and pair-fed mice were analyzed to identify target pathways and molecules. Readouts including signaling responses and autophagy markers by immunoblots, mitochondrial oxidative function and free radical generation, and metabolic studies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and sarcopenic phenotype by imaging. RESULTS Multiomics analyses showed that ethanol impaired skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling, mitochondrial oxidative pathways, including intermediary metabolite regulatory genes, interleukin-6, and amino acid degradation pathways are β-hydroxymethyl-butyrate targets. Ethanol decreased mTORC1 signaling, increased autophagy flux, impaired mitochondrial oxidative function with decreased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediary metabolites, ATP synthesis, protein synthesis and myotube diameter that were reversed by HMB. Consistently, skeletal muscle from mALD had decreased mTORC1 signaling, reduced fractional and total muscle protein synthesis rates, increased autophagy markers, lower intermediary metabolite concentrations, and lower muscle mass and fiber diameter that were reversed by β-hydroxymethyl-butyrate treatment. CONCLUSION An innovative multiomics approach followed by experimental validation showed that β-hydroxymethyl-butyrate restores muscle protein homeostasis in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Amy Attaway
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hayder Al Khafaji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vandana Agrawal
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Marshall RN, Smeuninx B, Morgan PT, Breen L. Nutritional Strategies to Offset Disuse-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Anabolic Resistance in Older Adults: From Whole-Foods to Isolated Ingredients. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051533. [PMID: 32466126 PMCID: PMC7284346 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preserving skeletal muscle mass and functional capacity is essential for healthy ageing. Transient periods of disuse and/or inactivity in combination with sub-optimal dietary intake have been shown to accelerate the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, predisposing to disability and metabolic disease. Mechanisms underlying disuse and/or inactivity-related muscle deterioration in the older adults, whilst multifaceted, ultimately manifest in an imbalance between rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, resulting in net muscle loss. To date, the most potent intervention to mitigate disuse-induced muscle deterioration is mechanical loading in the form of resistance exercise. However, the feasibility of older individuals performing resistance exercise during disuse and inactivity has been questioned, particularly as illness and injury may affect adherence and safety, as well as accessibility to appropriate equipment and physical therapists. Therefore, optimising nutritional intake during disuse events, through the introduction of protein-rich whole-foods, isolated proteins and nutrient compounds with purported pro-anabolic and anti-catabolic properties could offset impairments in muscle protein turnover and, ultimately, the degree of muscle atrophy and recovery upon re-ambulation. The current review therefore aims to provide an overview of nutritional countermeasures to disuse atrophy and anabolic resistance in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.N.M.); (B.S.); (P.T.M.)
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.N.M.); (B.S.); (P.T.M.)
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul T. Morgan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.N.M.); (B.S.); (P.T.M.)
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (R.N.M.); (B.S.); (P.T.M.)
- Medical Research Council-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-121-414-4109
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Zhong Y, Zeng L, Deng J, Duan Y, Li F. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves mitochondrial function in myocytes through pathways involving PPARβ/δ and CDK4. Nutrition 2019; 60:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Leroux M, Lemery T, Boulet N, Briot A, Zakaroff A, Bouloumié A, Andrade F, Pérez-Matute P, Arbones-Mainar JM, Carpéné C. Effects of the amino acid derivatives, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, taurine, and N-methyltyramine, on triacylglycerol breakdown in fat cells. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:263-273. [PMID: 30919256 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Various amino acid (AA) metabolites are used as supplements to facilitate metabolic control and enhance responsiveness of insulin-sensitive tissues. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a leucine metabolite proposed to prevent muscle wasting and to mitigate insulin resistance. Taurine, commonly added to energizing drinks, is a metabolite of methionine and cysteine present in bile juice, and proposed to be involved in lipid digestion and to be pro-lipolytic in adipocytes. N-methyltyramine (NMT) is a phenylalanine metabolite found in orange juices at 0.1-3 ppm while its effects on lipid mobilization remain controversial. Here, the putative lipolytic effects of these AA metabolites were studied and it was tested whether they could enhance insulin antilipolytic response in adipocytes. Release of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was measured after a 2-h incubation of adipocytes obtained from control and diet-induced obese mice or from obese patients. In mouse, none of the tested AA derivatives was lipolytic from 1 μM to 1 mM. These compounds did not improve insulin antilipolytic effect or isoprenaline lipolytic action, except for 1 mM NMT that impaired triacylglycerol breakdown in obese mice. In human adipocytes, HMB and taurine were not lipolytic, while NMT weakly activated glycerol and NEFA release at 1 mM. However, 100 μM NMT impaired isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis in a manner that was hardly added to insulin antilipolytic effect. Since none of these AA derivatives acutely helped or replaced insulin antilipolytic effect in adipocytes, the present in vitro observations do not support their proposed insulin-sensitizing properties. Moreover, NMT, HMB, and taurine were not notably lipolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Leroux
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Tristan Lemery
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Briot
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Zakaroff
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France.,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Metabolomics Platform, BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, linked clinical group of Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-Matute
- Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón. Zaragoza, Spain. CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Team 1, I2MC, CHU Rangueil, BP84225, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, 31432, Toulouse cedex 4, France. .,University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.
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Johnson MA, Gannon NP, Schnuck JK, Lyon ES, Sunderland KL, Vaughan RA. Leucine, Palmitate, or Leucine/Palmitate Cotreatment Enhances Myotube Lipid Content and Oxidative Preference. Lipids 2019; 53:1043-1057. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele A. Johnson
- Department of Exercise Science; High Point University; One University Pkwy, High Point NC 27260 USA
| | - Nicholas P. Gannon
- School of Medicine; Medical College of Wisconsin; 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa WI 53226 USA
| | - Jamie K. Schnuck
- School of Medicine; Medical College of Wisconsin; 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa WI 53226 USA
| | - Emily S. Lyon
- Department of Exercise Science; High Point University; One University Pkwy, High Point NC 27260 USA
| | - Kyle L. Sunderland
- Department of Exercise Science; High Point University; One University Pkwy, High Point NC 27260 USA
| | - Roger A. Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science; High Point University; One University Pkwy, High Point NC 27260 USA
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8
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Standley RA, Distefano G, Pereira SL, Tian M, Kelly OJ, Coen PM, Deutz NEP, Wolfe RR, Goodpaster BH. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and dynamics, and lipids after 10 days of bed rest in older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1092-1100. [PMID: 28705993 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass during periods of disuse likely has negative health consequences for older adults. We have previously shown that β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during 10 days of strict bed rest (BR) attenuates the loss of lean mass in older adults. To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms of HMB effects on muscle during BR and resistance training rehabilitation (RT), we examined mediators of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and atrophy, and intramyocellular lipids. Nineteen older adults (60-76 yr) completed 10 days BR followed by 8-wk RT rehabilitation. Subjects were randomized to either HMB (3 g/day HMB; n = 11) or control (CON; n = 8) groups. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined by histology from percutaneous vastus lateralis biopsies. We measured protein markers of mitochondrial content [oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)], fusion and fission (MFN2, OPA1, FIS1, and DRP1), autophagy (Beclin1, LC3B, and BNIP3), and atrophy [poly-ubiquinated proteins (poly-ub)] by Western blot. Fatty acid composition of several lipid classes in skeletal muscle was measured by infusion-MS analysis. Poly-ub proteins and OXPHOS complex I increased in both groups following BR (P < 0.05, main effect for time), and muscle triglyceride content tended to increase following BR in the HMB group (P = 0.055). RT rehabilitation increased OXPHOS complex II protein (P < 0.05), and total OXPHOS content tended (P = 0.0504) to be higher in HMB group. In addition, higher levels of DRP1 and MFN2 were maintained in the HMB group after RT (P < 0.05). BNIP3 and poly-ub proteins were significantly reduced following rehabilitation in both groups (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data suggest that HMB influences mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism during disuse atrophy and rehabilitation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mitochondrial content and dynamics remained unchanged over 10 days of BR in older adults. HMB stimulated intramuscular lipid storage as triacylglycerol following 10 days of bed rest (BR) and maintained higher mitochondrial OXPHOS content and dynamics during the 8-wk resistance exercise rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Standley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes-Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes-Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Min Tian
- Abbott Nutrition, Research, and Development, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Owen J Kelly
- Abbott Nutrition, Research, and Development, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes-Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Teaxas
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkanas; and
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes-Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida;
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