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Lin LY, Huang BC, Chen KC, Peng RY. Integrated anti-hyperlipidemic bioactivity of whole Citrus grandis [L.] osbeck fruits-multi-action mechanism evidenced using animal and cell models. Food Funct 2020; 11:2978-2996. [PMID: 32236178 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02290b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes in human life style have increased the incidence of obesity which has become a risk factor to human health. In Taiwan, the annual production of Citrus grandis [L.] reaches 75 000 tons, while the amount of waste fruits could reach 5%. We propose that abundant phytochemicals present in the wastes can be beneficial to attenuate obesity with hyperlipidemia. An animal Wistar rat model showed that pomelo flesh, peels, carpel (the segmental membrane), as well as the essential oil attenuated obesity as well as hyperlipidemia, and the AMPK-SREBP-PPARS pathway was involved. To further verify the mechanism, a HepG2 cell model was used to test some representative pomelo phytonutrients including limonene (Ln), γ-terpinene (γT), p-synephrine (SP), β-sitosterol (βS), and hesperidin (Hn). Data interestingly revealed it to be a multiple mechanism of anti-lipogenic bioactivity via downregulating the enzymes involved in both the cholesterol and triacylglyceride de novo biosynthesis (in the order of decreasing bioactivity): acetyl CoA carboxylase (Hn, SP, βS, Ln = γT), fatty acid synthase (Ln, γT, SP, βS, Hn), HMG-CoA synthase (Ln, Hn, SP, βS, γT), and HMG-CoA reductase (Hn, Ln, βS, γT, SP), and via upregulation of cholesterol-7α-monooxygenase (CYP7A1) (Hn, βS). In addition, all pomelo fruit parts enhanced the fecal crude lipid and sterol excretion capability. Thus, fruits of C. grandis can serve as a rather promising integrative antihyperlipidemic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Lin
- Department of Food and Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
| | - Boa-Chan Huang
- Department of Food and Applied Technology, Hungkuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Xin St., Taipei 116, Taiwan. and Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuan-Ho Hospital, 250, Wu-Xin St., Xin-Yi District, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan. and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Xin St., Xin-Yi District, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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6
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Vors C, Joumard-Cubizolles L, Lecomte M, Combe E, Ouchchane L, Drai J, Raynal K, Joffre F, Meiller L, Le Barz M, Gaborit P, Caille A, Sothier M, Domingues-Faria C, Blot A, Wauquier A, Blond E, Sauvinet V, Gésan-Guiziou G, Bodin JP, Moulin P, Cheillan D, Vidal H, Morio B, Cotte E, Morel-Laporte F, Laville M, Bernalier-Donadille A, Lambert-Porcheron S, Malpuech-Brugère C, Michalski MC. Milk polar lipids reduce lipid cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women: towards a gut sphingomyelin-cholesterol interplay. Gut 2020; 69:487-501. [PMID: 31189655 PMCID: PMC7034342 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether milk polar lipids (PL) impact human intestinal lipid absorption, metabolism, microbiota and associated markers of cardiometabolic health. DESIGN A double-blind, randomised controlled 4-week study involving 58 postmenopausal women was used to assess the chronic effects of milk PL consumption (0, 3 or 5 g-PL/day) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The acute effects of milk PL on intestinal absorption and metabolism of cholesterol were assessed in a randomised controlled crossover study using tracers in ileostomy patients. RESULTS Over 4 weeks, milk PL significantly reduced fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol and surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease risk, including total/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratios. The highest PL dose preferentially induced a decreased number of intestine-derived chylomicron particles. Also, milk PL increased faecal loss of coprostanol, a gut-derived metabolite of cholesterol, but major bacterial populations and faecal short-chain fatty acids were not affected by milk PL, regardless of the dose. Acute ingestion of milk PL by ileostomy patients shows that milk PL decreased cholesterol absorption and increased cholesterol-ileal efflux, which can be explained by the observed co-excretion with milk sphingomyelin in the gut. CONCLUSION The present data demonstrate for the first time in humans that milk PL can improve the cardiometabolic health by decreasing several lipid cardiovascular markers, notably through a reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption involving specific interactions in the gut, without disturbing the major bacterial phyla of gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02099032 and NCT02146339; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vors
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Laurie Joumard-Cubizolles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Manon Lecomte
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuel Combe
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Lemlih Ouchchane
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France,CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Biostatistique-Informatique Médicale, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jocelyne Drai
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,Unité de Nutrition Endocrinologie Métabolisme, Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Ketsia Raynal
- ACTALIA Dairy Products and Technologies, 17700, Surgères, France
| | | | - Laure Meiller
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mélanie Le Barz
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Patrice Gaborit
- ACTALIA Dairy Products and Technologies, 17700, Surgères, France
| | - Aurélie Caille
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monique Sothier
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Carla Domingues-Faria
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Blot
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Wauquier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 454, MEDIS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Blond
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,Unité de Nutrition Endocrinologie Métabolisme, Service de Biochimie, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Valérie Sauvinet
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou
- STLO, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf, INRA, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Philippe Moulin
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500, Bron, France
| | - David Cheillan
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,Unité Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Béatrice Morio
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France
| | - Eddy Cotte
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Sud-Charles Mérieux, EMR 3738, 69600, Oullins, France,Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Martine Laville
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron
- CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Charles Mérieux Medical School, 69600, Oullins, France,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, 69310, Pierre-Bénite, France
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7
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Blanco-Morales V, Garcia-Llatas G, Yebra MJ, Sentandreu V, Lagarda MJ, Alegría A. Impact of a Plant Sterol- and Galactooligosaccharide-Enriched Beverage on Colonic Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition Using an In Vitro Dynamic Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1884-1895. [PMID: 31523960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A beverage enriched with plant sterols (1 g/100 mL) and galactooligosaccharides (1.8 g/100 mL) was subjected to a dynamic gastrointestinal and colonic fermentation process to evaluate the effect on sterol metabolism, organic acid production, and microbiota composition. Production of sterol metabolites (coprostanol, methylcoprostanol, ethylcoprostenol, ethylcoprostanol, and sitostenone) was observed in the transverse colon (TC) and descending colon (DC) vessels in general, from 24 and 48 h, respectively. Microbial activity was assessed through the production of organic acids, mainly acetate in all colon vessels, lactate in the AC, and butyrate and propionate in the TC and DC. A higher diversity in the microbial community was found in the TC and DC, in accordance with a higher sterol metabolism and organic acid production. Although the prebiotic effect of galactooligosaccharides was not detected, changes in microbiota composition (an increase in the Parabacteroides genus and the Synergistaceae and Lachnospiraceae families) indicated an enhancement of sterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Blanco-Morales
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA) . Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Avenida Agustín Escardino 7 , 46980 Paterna , Valencia , Spain
| | - Vicente Sentandreu
- Genomics Section, Central Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE) , University of Valencia , Carrer del Doctor Moliner 50 , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - María Jesús Lagarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Valencia , Avenida Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n , 46100 Burjassot , Valencia , Spain
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