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Mardani M, Badakné K, Farmani J, Shahidi F. Enzymatic lipophilization of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4977-4994. [PMID: 36419380 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2147268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food products contain bioactive compounds such as phenolic and polyphenolic compounds and vitamins, resulting in a myriad of biological characteristics such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities. However, their application is often restricted because of their relatively low solubility and stability in emulsions and oil-based products. Therefore, chemical, enzymatic, or chemoenzymatic lipophilization of these compounds can be achieved by grafting a non-polar moiety onto their polar structures. Among different methods, enzymatic modification is considered environmentally friendly and may require only minor downstream processing and purification steps. In recent years, different systems have been suggested to design the synthetic reaction of these novel products. This review presents the new trends in this area by summarizing the essential enzymatic modifications in the last decade that led to the synthesis of bioactive compounds with attractive antioxidative properties for the food industry by emphasizing on optimization of the reaction conditions to maximize the production yields. Lastly, recent developments regarding characterization, potential applications, emerging research areas, and needs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mardani
- Department of Cereal and Industrial Plant Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Badakné
- Department of Cereal and Industrial Plant Processing, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jamshid Farmani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Grajales-Hernández DA, Armendáriz-Ruiz MA, Gallego FL, Mateos-Díaz JC. Approaches for the enzymatic synthesis of alkyl hydroxycinnamates and applications thereof. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3901-3917. [PMID: 33928423 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl hydroxycinnamates (AHs) is a group of molecules of biotechnological interest due to their cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications. Among their most interesting uses are as UV protectants, skin depigmentation agents, and antioxidant ingredients which are often claimed for their antitumoral potential. Nowadays, many sustainable enzymatic approaches using low-cost starting materials are available and interesting immobilization techniques are helping to increase the reuse of the biocatalysts, allowing the intensification of the processes and increasing AHs accessibility. Here a convenient summary of AHs most interesting biological activities and possible applications is presented. A deeper analysis of the art state to obtain AHs, focusing on most employed enzymatic synthesis approaches, their sustainability, acyl donors relevance, and most interesting enzyme immobilization strategies is provided.Key points• Most interesting alkyl hydroxycinnamates applications are summarized.• Enzymatic approaches to obtain alkyl hydroxycinnamates are critically discussed.• Outlook of enzyme immobilization strategies to attain alkyl hydroxycinnamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Grajales-Hernández
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CICbiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paséo Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mariana A Armendáriz-Ruiz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Fernando López Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CICbiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paséo Miramón, 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajio del Arenal, 45019, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
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Compton DL, Goodell JR, Evans KO, Palmquist DE. Ultraviolet Absorbing Efficacy and Photostability of Feruloylated Soybean Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Compton
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; 1815 North University Street, Peoria IL, 61604 USA
| | - John R. Goodell
- iActive Naturals/Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation; 801 West Main Street, Peoria IL, 61606 USA
| | - Kervin O. Evans
- Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; 1815 North University Street, Peoria IL, 61604 USA
| | - Debra E. Palmquist
- Midwest Area Statistician, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research; 1815 North University Street, Peoria IL, 61604 USA
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Antonopoulou I, Leonov L, Jütten P, Cerullo G, Faraco V, Papadopoulou A, Kletsas D, Ralli M, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Optimized synthesis of novel prenyl ferulate performed by feruloyl esterases from Myceliophthora thermophila in microemulsions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3213-3226. [PMID: 28078397 PMCID: PMC5380708 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Five feruloyl esterases (FAEs; EC 3.1.1.73), FaeA1, FaeA2, FaeB1, and FaeB2 from Myceliophthora thermophila C1 and MtFae1a from M. thermophila ATCC 42464, were tested for their ability to catalyze the transesterification of vinyl ferulate (VFA) with prenol in detergentless microemulsions. Reaction conditions were optimized investigating parameters such as the medium composition, the substrate concentration, the enzyme load, the pH, the temperature, and agitation. FaeB2 offered the highest transesterification yield (71.5 ± 0.2%) after 24 h of incubation at 30 °C using 60 mM VFA, 1 M prenol, and 0.02 mg FAE/mL in a mixture comprising of 53.4:43.4:3.2 v/v/v n-hexane:t-butanol:100 mM MOPS-NaOH, pH 6.0. At these conditions, the competitive side hydrolysis of VFA was 4.7-fold minimized. The ability of prenyl ferulate (PFA) and its corresponding ferulic acid (FA) to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was significant and similar (IC50 423.39 μM for PFA, 329.9 μM for FA). PFA was not cytotoxic at 0.8-100 μM (IC50 220.23 μM) and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human skin fibroblasts at concentrations ranging between 4 and 20 μM as determined with the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Laura Leonov
- DuPont Industrial Biosciences, Nieuwe Kanaal 7-S, 6709 PA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Jütten
- Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Emil Figge Str 76a, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gabriella Cerullo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications NCSR "Demokritos," Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Aging, T. Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications NCSR "Demokritos," Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Aging, T. Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Ralli
- Korres Natural Products, 57 Km National Road, 32011, Lamia, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
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Antonopoulou I, Varriale S, Topakas E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Faraco V. Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6519-6543. [PMID: 27276911 PMCID: PMC4939304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others. During the past years, there has been an increased interest on the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters and glycosides based on (trans)esterification, (trans)glycosylation, or oxidation reactions. Natural bioactive compounds with exceptional theurapeutic properties and low toxicity may offer a new insight into the design and development of potent and beneficial cosmetics. This review gives an overview of the enzymatic modifications which are performed currently for the synthesis of products with attractive properties for the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15700, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schär
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Laura Nyström
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health; ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Sun S, Hu B, Qin F, Bi Y. Comparative Study of Soybean Oil and the Mixed Fatty Acids as Acyl Donors for Enzymatic Preparation of Feruloylated Acylglycerols in Ionic Liquids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7261-7269. [PMID: 26194470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Feruloylated acylglycerols (FAGs) are the lipophilic derivatives of ferulic acid. In this work, soybean oil (SBO) and the mixed fatty acids (MFA) were selected as fatty acyl donors, and reacted with glyceryl monoferulate (GMF) to prepare FAGs in ionic liquids (ILs). Effect of various reaction parameters (time, temperature, enzyme concentration, and substrate ratio) and ILs on the GMF conversion and the reaction selectivity for FAGs formation were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a 3-level-4-factor Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to evaluate the inactive effect of reaction parameters. For the esterification of GMF with MFA, the maximum GMF conversion (98.9 ± 0.9%) and FAG yield (88.9 ± 0.6%) were achieved in [C10mim]PF6. However, for the transesterification of GMF with SBO, the maximum GMF conversion (94.3 ± 0.7%) and FAG yield (83.8 ± 1.0%) were obtained in [C12mim]PF6. High FAG selectivities (∼0.90) were also obtained using SBO or MFA as acyl donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangde Sun
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Bingxue Hu
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanlan Bi
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
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Schär A, Nyström L. High yielding and direct enzymatic lipophilization of ferulic acid using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Solvent-free enzymatic transesterification of ethyl ferulate and monostearin: Optimized by response surface methodology. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:340-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thermodynamically based solvent design for enzymatic saccharide acylation with hydroxycinnamic acids in non-conventional media. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:255-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Preparation of ultrafine fast-dissolving feruloyl-oleyl-glycerol-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone fiber mats via electrospinning. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:304-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Laszlo JA, Yu Y, Lutz S, Compton DL. Glycerol acyl-transfer kinetics of a circular permutated Candida antarctica lipase B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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