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Črešnar KP, Plohl O, Zemljič LF. Functionalised Fibres as a Coupling Reinforcement Agent in Recycled Polymer Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2739. [PMID: 38894002 PMCID: PMC11174083 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the structure-property relationship within the green concept of wood fibres with cellulose nanofibre functionalised composites (nW-PPr) containing recycled plastic polyolefins, in particular, polypropylene (PP-r). It focuses especially on the challenges posed by nanoscience in relation to wood fibres (WF) and explores possible changes in the thermal properties, crystallinity, morphology, and mechanical properties. In a two-step methodology, wood fibres (50% wt%) were first functionalised with nanocellulose (nC; 1-9 wt%) and then, secondly, processed into composites using an extrusion process. The surface modification of nC improves its compatibility with the polymer matrix, resulting in improved adhesion, mechanical properties, and inherent biodegradability. The effects of the functionalised WF on the recycled polymer composites were investigated systematically and included analyses of the structure, crystallisation, morphology, and surface properties, as well as thermal and mechanical properties. Using a comprehensive range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), this study aims to unravel the intricate interplay of factors affecting the performance and properties of the developed nanocellulose-functionalised wood fibre-polymer composites. The interfacial adhesion of the nW-PPr polymer composites, crystallisation process, and surface properties was improved due to the formation of an H-bond between the nW coupling agent and neat PP-r. In addition, the role of nW (1.0 wt%) as a nucleating agent resulted in increased crystallinity, or, on the other hand, promoted the interfacial interaction with the highest amount (3.0% wt%, 9.0% wt%) of nW in the PP-r preferentially between the nW and neat PP-r, and also postponed the crystallisation temperature. The changes in the isoelectric point of the nW-PPr polymer composites compared to the neat PP-r polymer indicate the acid content of the polymer composite and, consequently, the final surface morphology. Finally, the higher storage modulus of the composites compared to neat r-PP shows a dependence on improved crystallinity, morphology, and adhesion. It was clear that the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of sustainable materials and can drive the development of environmentally friendly composites applied in packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klementina Pušnik Črešnar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (O.P.); (L.F.Z.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Olivija Plohl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (O.P.); (L.F.Z.)
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (O.P.); (L.F.Z.)
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Jordà-Reolid M, Moreno V, Martínez-Garcia A, Covas JA, Gomez-Caturla J, Ivorra-Martinez J, Quiles-Carrillo L. Incorporation of Argan Shell Flour in a Biobased Polypropylene Matrix for the Development of High Environmentally Friendly Composites by Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2743. [PMID: 37376389 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new composite material is developed using a semi bio-based polypropylene (bioPP) and micronized argan shell (MAS) byproducts. To improve the interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix, a compatibilizer, PP-g-MA, is used. The samples are prepared using a co-rotating twin extruder followed by an injection molding process. The addition of the MAS filler improves the mechanical properties of the bioPP, as evidenced by an increase in tensile strength from 18.2 MPa to 20.8 MPa. The reinforcement is also observed in the thermomechanical properties, with an increased storage modulus. The thermal characterization and X-ray diffraction indicate that the addition of the filler leads to the formation of α structure crystals in the polymer matrix. However, the addition of a lignocellulosic filler also leads to an increased affinity for water. As a result, the water uptake of the composites increases, although it remains relatively low even after 14 weeks. The water contact angle is also reduced. The color of the composites changes to a color similar to wood. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using MAS byproducts to improve their mechanical properties. However, the increased affinity with water should be taken into account in potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jordà-Reolid
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area-AIJU, Technological Institute for Children's Products & Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
| | - Virginia Moreno
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Asunción Martínez-Garcia
- Innovative Materials and Manufacturing Area-AIJU, Technological Institute for Children's Products & Leisure, 03440 Ibi, Spain
| | - José A Covas
- Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Jaume Gomez-Caturla
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Juan Ivorra-Martinez
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell s/n, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
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3
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Dobrosielska M, Dobrucka R, Brząkalski D, Kozera P, Martyła A, Gabriel E, Kurzydłowski KJ, Przekop RE. Polyamide 11 Composites Reinforced with Diatomite Biofiller-Mechanical, Rheological and Crystallization Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061563. [PMID: 36987343 PMCID: PMC10053006 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphic diatomaceous earth is derived from natural sources, and polyamide 11 (PA11) is produced from materials of natural origin. Both of these materials show a low harmfulness to the environment and a reduced carbon footprint. This is why the combination of these two constituents is beneficial not only to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of polyamide 11 but also to produce a biocomposite. For the purpose of this paper, the test biocomposite was produced by combining polyamide 11, as well as basic and pre-fractionated diatomaceous earth, which had been subjected to silanization. The produced composites were used to carry out rheological (melt flow rate-MFR), mechanical (tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength), crystallographic (X-ray Diffraction-XRD), thermal and thermo-mechanical (differential scanning calorimetry-DSC, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis-DMTA) analyses, as well as a study of hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the material surface (wetting angle) and imaging of the surface of the composites and the fractured specimens. The tests showed that the additive 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) acted as an agent that improved the elasticity of composites and the melt flow rate. In addition, the produced composites showed a hydrophilic surface profile compared to pure polylactide and polyamide 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dobrosielska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Dobrucka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Non-Food Products Quality and Packaging Development, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Brząkalski
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Kozera
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Martyła
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Gabriel
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kurzydłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert E Przekop
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Effect of High-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment on the Cellulose Derived from the Buxus Plant. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102053. [PMID: 35631935 PMCID: PMC9143544 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose has attracted considerable attention as the most promising potential candidate raw material for the production of bio-based polymeric materials. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in the production of biopolymers based on different cellulose forms. In this study, cellulose was obtained in an innovative and environmentally friendly way, using boxwood powder. Crude cellulose was obtained by treating Buxus powder with an ethanol–acetic acid–water mixture. Refined cellulose was then obtained by treatment with an acidic sodium hypochlorite solution and alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution. The novel chemistry of cellulose prepared by this method promises to be not only green, but also highly desirable, because of its lower emissions and low cost. It is crucial for the future of the global polymer industry. The refined cellulose was subjected to a high-temperature hydrothermal treatment under two temperatures and time conditions, with temperature gradients of 120, 140, and 160 °C, and time gradients of 1, 2, and 3 h. The samples were subjected to infrared and thermogravimetric analyses. The cellulose undergoes dehydration and thermal degradation reactions during the heat treatment process, and the thermal stability of the residual is enhanced, compared with that of virgin cellulose. Between 120 and 140 °C, the hydroxyl and hypomethyl groups on the surface of cellulose are shed. Groups in the amorphous region of the polymer are the first to be shed. The dehydration reaction reduces the number of free hydroxyl groups on the surface of the cellulose molecules. The dehydration reaction was accelerated by an increase in temperature. Between 140 and 160 °C, the β-(1,4)-glycosidic bond begins to slowly break and some furans are generated. The structure of cellulose undergoes reorganization during thermal treatment. The thermal stability of the modified material is greater than that of untreated cellulose.
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Pokhrel G, Gardner DJ, Han Y. Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites Manufactured from Two Different Wood Feedstocks: Wood Flour and Wood Pellets. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162769. [PMID: 34451308 PMCID: PMC8401919 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Driven by the motive of minimizing the transportation costs of raw materials to manufacture wood–plastic composites (WPCs), Part I and the current Part II of this paper series explore the utilization of an alternative wood feedstock, i.e., pellets. Part I of this study reported on the characteristics of wood flour and wood pellets manufactured from secondary processing mill residues. Part II reports on the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based WPCs made using the two different wood feedstocks, i.e., wood flour and wood pellets. WPCs were made from 40-mesh wood flour and wood pellets from four different wood species (white cedar, white pine, spruce-fir and red maple) in the presence and absence of the coupling agent maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP). With MAPP, the weight percentage of wood filler was 20%, PP 78%, MAPP 2% and without MAPP, formulation by weight percentage of wood filler was 20% and PP 80%. Fluorescent images showed wood particles’ distribution in the PP polymer matrix was similar for both wood flour and ground wood pellets. Dispersion of particles was higher with ground wood pellets in the PP matrix. On average, the density of composite products from wood pellets was higher, tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength were lower than the composites made from wood flour. Flexural properties of the control composites made with pellets were higher and with MAPP were lower than the composites made from wood flour. However, the overall mechanical property differences were low (0.5–10%) depending on the particular WPC formulations. Statistical analysis also showed there was no significant differences in the material property values of the composites made from wood flour and wood pellets. In some situations, WPC properties were better using wood pellets rather than using wood flour. We expect if the material properties of WPCs from wood flour versus wood pellets are similar and with a greater reduction in transportation costs for wood pellet feedstocks, this would be beneficial to WPC manufacturers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Pokhrel
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (D.J.G.)
| | - Douglas J. Gardner
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Correspondence: (G.P.); (D.J.G.)
| | - Yousoo Han
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;
- Advanced Structures and Composites Center, University of Maine, 35 Flagstaff Road, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Effect of gamma irradiation on tensile and thermal properties of poplar wood flour-linear low density polyethylene composites. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhu S, Guo Y, Chen Y, Liu S. Low Water Absorption, High-Strength Polyamide 6 Composites Blended with Sustainable Bamboo-Based Biochar. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071367. [PMID: 32668789 PMCID: PMC7407135 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To promote the application of polyamide 6 (PA6) in wood–plastic composites, the negative effects associated with the thermal degradation of plant fibers must be overcome. In this study, waste bamboo fibers were subjected to pyrolysis and ball milling to afford nano bamboo-based biochar (BC), which was subsequently used as reinforcement to prepare PA6/BC nano composites by injection molding. In addition, the processing fluidity, water absorption, mechanical properties, and interface compatibility of PA6/BC composites were discussed. Results revealed that a BC content of less than 30 wt% is beneficial to improve the processing fluidity of the composites. With the increase in the BC content, the density of the PA6/BC composites gradually increased, while the water absorption of the PA6/BC composites gradually decreased, and the maximum decrease was 46%. Compared to that of pure PA6, the mechanical strength of PA6/BC composites was improved by the addition of BC, and the maximum tensile/flexural strength and modulus of PA6/BC composites increased by 41%/72% and 195%/244%, respectively. However, the impact strength decreased by 27%. After immersion treatment, the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of the composites decreased, while toughness improved. At a BC content of less than 40 wt%, BC particles exhibited good dispersibility and wettability in the PA6 matrix, and the rough surface and rich pore structure of BC rendered strong mechanical interlocking effects and good interface compatibility, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites.
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Reactive Melt Mixing of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)/Rice Husk Flour Composites with Purified Biosustainably Produced Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate- co-3-Hydroxyvalerate). MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132152. [PMID: 31277419 PMCID: PMC6651769 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel green composites based on commercial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) filled with 10 wt % rice husk flour (RHF) were melt-compounded in a mini-mixer unit using triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) as compatibilizer and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator. Purified poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) produced by mixed bacterial cultures derived from fruit pulp waste was then incorporated into the green composite in contents in the 5-50 wt % range. Films for testing were obtained thereafter by thermo-compression and characterized. Results showed that the incorporation of up to 20 wt % of biowaste derived PHBV yielded green composite films with a high contact transparency, relatively low crystallinity, high thermal stability, improved mechanical ductility, and medium barrier performance to water vapor and aroma. This study puts forth the potential use of purified biosustainably produced PHBV as a cost-effective additive to develop more affordable and waste valorized food packaging articles.
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Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Polylactide/Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Walnut Shell Flour Composites by Reactive Extrusion with Maleinized Linseed Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050758. [PMID: 31052255 PMCID: PMC6572400 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel green composites were prepared by melt compounding a binary blend of polylactide (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) at 4/1 (wt/wt) with particles of walnut shell flour (WSF) in the 10–40 wt % range, which were obtained as a waste from the agro-food industry. Maleinized linseed oil (MLO) was added at 5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of composite to counteract the intrinsically low compatibility between the biopolymer blend matrix and the lignocellulosic fillers. Although the incorporation of WSF tended to reduce the mechanical strength and thermal stability of PLA/PCL, the MLO-containing composites filled with up to 20 wt % WSF showed superior ductility and a more balanced thermomechanical response. The morphological analysis revealed that the performance improvement attained was related to a plasticization phenomenon of the biopolymer blend and, more interestingly, to an enhancement of the interfacial adhesion of the green composites achieved by extrusion with the multi-functionalized vegetable oil.
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Dai L, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang F, Ou R, Song Y. Effects of lubricants on the rheological and mechanical properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Jieming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Fayang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Rongxian Ou
- College of Materials and EnergySouth China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Yongming Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education)Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
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Park SM, Kim DS. Effect of alkyl chain length grafted to graphene nanoplatelets on the characteristics of polypropylene nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Mi Park
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National UniversityChungdaero 1, Seowongu, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
| | - Dae Su Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringChungbuk National UniversityChungdaero 1, Seowongu, Cheongju Chungbuk 28644 South Korea
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Quiles-Carrillo L, Montanes N, Lagaron JM, Balart R, Torres-Giner S. On the use of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil as a reactive compatibilizer in injection-molded compostable pieces consisting of polylactide filled with orange peel flour. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM); Universitat Politècnica de València; Alcoy Spain
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM); Universitat Politècnica de València; Alcoy Spain
| | - Jose Maria Lagaron
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group; Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Paterna Spain
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM); Universitat Politècnica de València; Alcoy Spain
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM); Universitat Politècnica de València; Alcoy Spain
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group; Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Paterna Spain
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Hong H, Kim JU, Kim TI. Effective Assembly of Nano-Ceramic Materials for High and Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity in a Polymer Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9090413. [PMID: 30965716 PMCID: PMC6418702 DOI: 10.3390/polym9090413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, anisotropic heat dissipation and its management have drawn attention as a promising technique for highly integrated electrical devices. Among many potentially challenging materials such as carbon nanotube, graphene, metal particles, and inorganic ceramics commonly used for high thermally conductive fillers in a composite form, nanoscale ceramic fillers are considered ideal candidates due to their thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and low thermal expansion coefficient. However, enhancing the thermal conductivity of a randomly dispersed ceramic-polymer composite is limited by its discontinuous filler contact and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch. Thus, recent research has focused on how to assemble and generate highly networked filler contacts to make effective pathways for heat flow, with minimized concentration of the filler in the composite. In this review, we will introduce several essential strategies to assemble fillers with a two- or three-dimensional networked composite for highly enhanced anisotropic heat dissipation. Moreover, this review elucidates filler alignment effects compared to randomly dispersed ceramic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeleen Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Scienece (IBS), 2066 Seobu-ro Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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