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Karami MH, Kalaee MR, Mazinani S, Shakiba M, Shafiei Navid S, Abdouss M, Beig Mohammadi A, Zhao W, Koosha M, Song Z, Li T. Curing Kinetics Modeling of Epoxy Modified by Fully Vulcanized Elastomer Nanoparticles Using Rheometry Method. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092870. [PMID: 35566229 PMCID: PMC9103035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the curing kinetics of epoxy nanocomposites containing ultra-fine full-vulcanized acrylonitrile butadiene rubber nanoparticles (UFNBRP) at different concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt.% was investigated. In addition, the effect of curing temperatures was studied based on the rheological method under isothermal conditions. The epoxy resin/UFNBRP nanocomposites were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR analysis exhibited the successful preparation of epoxy resin/UFNBRP, due to the existence of the UFNBRP characteristic peaks in the final product spectrum. The morphological structure of the epoxy resin/UFNBRP nanocomposites was investigated by both field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. The FESEM and TEM studies showed UFNBRP had a spherical structure and was well dispersed in epoxy resin. The chemorheological analysis showed that due to the interactions between UFNBRP and epoxy resin, by increasing UFNBRP concentration at a constant temperature (65, 70 and 75 °C), the curing rate decreases at the gel point. Furthermore, both the curing kinetics modeling and chemorheological analysis demonstrated that the incorporation of 0.5% UFNBRP in epoxy resin matrix reduces the activation energy. The curing kinetic of epoxy resin/UFNBRP nanocomposite was best fitted with the Sestak–Berggren autocatalytic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Karami
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box 19585-466, Iran;
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box 19585-466, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalaee
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box 19585-466, Iran;
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box 19585-466, Iran
- Correspondence: or (M.R.K.); or (M.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Saeideh Mazinani
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran;
| | - Mohamadreza Shakiba
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Saied Shafiei Navid
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar P.O. Box 95447-47416, Iran;
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Alireza Beig Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413, Iran; (M.S.); (M.A.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Weisong Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Mojtaba Koosha
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
- Correspondence: or (M.R.K.); or (M.K.); (T.L.)
| | - Ziyue Song
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
- Correspondence: or (M.R.K.); or (M.K.); (T.L.)
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Baghad A, El Mabrouk K. The isothermal curing kinetics of a new carbon fiber/epoxy resin and the physical properties of its autoclaved composite laminates. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2022; 57:922-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Lignosulfonate-Based Polyurethane Adhesives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227072. [PMID: 34832473 PMCID: PMC8622556 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using lignosulfonate (LS) from acid sulphite pulping of eucalyptus wood as an unmodified polyol in the formulation of polyurethane (PU) adhesives was evaluated. Purified LS was dissolved in water to simulate its concentration in sulphite spent liquor and then reacted with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) in the presence or absence of poly(ethylene glycol) with Mw 200 (PEG200) as soft crosslinking segment. The ensuing LS-based PU adhesives were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis techniques. The adhesion strength of new adhesives was assessed using Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) employing wood strips as a testing material. The results showed that the addition of PEG200 contributed positively both to the homogenization of the reaction mixture and better crosslinking of the polymeric network, as well as to the interface interactions and adhesive strength. The latter was comparable to the adhesive strength recorded for a commercial white glue with shear stress values of almost 3 MPa. The optimized LS-based PU adhesive formulation was examined for the curing kinetics following the Kissinger and the Ozawa methods by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry, which revealed the curing activation energy of about 70 kJ·mol−1.
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Islam MN, Liza AA, Khatun ML, Faruk MO, Das AK, Dey M, Akanda MJH. Formulation and Characterization of Formaldehyde-Free Chemically Modified Bone-Based Adhesive for Lignocellulosic Composite Products. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2100002. [PMID: 34504715 PMCID: PMC8414510 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of chemically modified bone adhesive as a formaldehyde-free binder for wood-based industries. Two different types of adhesive are formulated after chemical modification of bone powder using sulfuric acid (0.5 m) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Gel time, solid content, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), viscosity, and single lap joint test for shear strength are analyzed in order to assess the adhesive properties. To analyze the efficacy of the formulated adhesive, particleboards are fabricated using boiled and unboiled sugarcane bagasse. The physical and mechanical properties of the fabricated panels are measured following ASTM standards. It is found that adhesive Type C (T-C) has the shortest gel time of 4.2 min for the highest shear strength, i.e., 5.31 MPa. The particleboard (BTC-2) fabricated using T-C adhesive shows a highest density of 0.73 g cm-3, a modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1975 N mm-2, and a modulus of rupture (MOR) of 11.80 N mm-2. The dimensional stability of the fabricated particleboards does not follow the standard requirements; however, further study might be helpful for using the chemically modified bone adhesive as a biobased adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter Liza
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Liza Khatun
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- ShushilanJalil Sharoni155 Jalil‐SaraniKhulna9100Bangladesh
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and TechnologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSE‐90183Sweden
| | - Moutusi Dey
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahurul Haque Akanda
- Senior LecturerFaculty of Food Science and NutritionUniversiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)Jalan UMS, Kota KinabaluSabah88400Malaysia
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Islam MN, Faruk MO, Rana MN, Das AK, Habib A. Preparation and Evaluation of Rice Bran-Modified Urea Formaldehyde as Environmental Friendly Wood Adhesive. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000044. [PMID: 34141444 PMCID: PMC8182286 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, defatted rice bran (RB) is used to prepare an environmentally friendly adhesive through chemical modifications. The RB is mixed with distilled water with ratios of 1:5 and 1:4 to prepare Type A and Type B adhesives, respectively having pH of 6, 8 and 10. Type A adhesive is prepared by treating RB with 1% potassium permanganate and 4% poly(vinyl alcohol), whereas Type B is formulated by adding 17.3% formaldehyde and 5.7% urea to RB. Viscosity, gel time, solid content, shear strength, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is carried out, and glass transition temperature (T g), and activation energy (E a) are determined to evaluate the performance of the adhesives. E a data reveal that adhesives prepared at mild alkaline (pH 8) form long-chain polymers. Gel time is higher in the fabricated adhesives than that of the commercial urea formaldehyde (UF). FTIR data suggest that functional groups of the raw RB are chemically modified, which enhances the bondability of the adhesives. Shear strength data indicates that bonding strength increases with increasing pH. Similar results are also observed for physical and mechanical properties of fabricated particleboards with the adhesives. The results demonstrate that RB-based adhesives can be used as a potential alternative to currently used UF-based resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Md Nasim Rana
- Forestry and Wood Technology DisciplineKhulna UniversityKhulna9208Bangladesh
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and TechnologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSE‐90183Sweden
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh
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Romano A, Sangermano M, Rossegger E, Mühlbacher I, Griesser T, Giebler M, Palmara G, Frascella F, Roppolo I, Schlögl S. Hybrid silica micro-particles with light-responsive surface properties and Janus-like character. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work highlights the synthesis and post-modification of silica-based micro-particles containing photo-responsive polymer brushes with photolabile o-nitrobenzyl ester (o-NBE) chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Romano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - M. Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - E. Rossegger
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - I. Mühlbacher
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - T. Griesser
- Institute of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials
- Montanuniversitaet Leoben
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - M. Giebler
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - G. Palmara
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - F. Frascella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - I. Roppolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology
- Politecnico di Torino
- 10129 Torino
- Italy
| | - S. Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH
- A-8700 Leoben
- Austria
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Yao SS, Ma CL, Jin FL, Park SJ. Fracture toughness enhancement of epoxy resin reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanotubes. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kim Y, Kim J. 3D Interconnected Boron Nitride Networks in Epoxy Composites via Coalescence Behavior of SAC305 Solder Alloy as a Bridging Material for Enhanced Thermal Conductivity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091954. [PMID: 32872327 PMCID: PMC7564005 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hybrid fillers of spherically shaped aggregated boron nitride (a-BN) attached with SAC305, were fabricated via simple stirring and the vacuum filtration method. a-BN was used as the primary conductive filler incorporated with epoxy resin, and these fillers were interconnected each other via the coalescence behavior of SAC305 during the thermal curing process. Based on controlled a-BN content (1 g) on 3 g of epoxy, the thermal conductivity of the composite filled with hybrid filler (a-BN:SAC305 = 1:0.5) reached 0.95 W/mK (33 wt%) due to the construction of the 3D filler network, whereas that of composite filled with raw a-BN was only 0.60 W/mK (25 wt%). The thermal conductivity of unfilled epoxy was 0.19 W/mK.
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Feng Y, Deng Q, Hu J, Peng C, Wu Q, Xu Z. Highly Retained Electric and Mechanical Traits in Micron-Sized Glass Fibers Filled Epoxy Composite Based on Heat-Oxygen Ageing. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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