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Azizi-Dargahlou S, Pouresmaeil M, Ahmadabadi M. Tobacco Plant: A Novel and Promising Heterologous Bioreactor for the Production of Recombinant Bovine Chymosin. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-023-01043-z. [PMID: 38244177 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The natural source of chymosin, a key enzyme in the dairy industry, is insufficient for rapidly growing cheese industries. Large-scale production of recombinant proteins in heterologous hosts provides an efficient alternative solution. Here, the codon-optimized synthetic prochymosin gene, which has a CAI index of 0.926, was subcloned from a cloning vector (pUC57-bCYM) into the pBI121 vector, resulting in the construct named pBI121-bCYM. CAI ranges from 0 to 1 and higher CAI improves gene expression in heterologous hosts. The overexpression of the prochymosin gene was under the control of constitutive CaMV 35S promoter and NOS terminator and was transferred into the tobacco via A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Explant type, regeneration method, inoculation temperature, cell density (OD600) of Agrobacterium for inoculation, and acetosyringone concentration were leaf explants, direct somatic embryogenesis, 19 °C, 0.1, and 100 µM, respectively. The successful integration and expression of the prochymosin gene, along with the bioactivity of recombinant chymosin, were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR, and milk coagulation assay, respectively. Overall, this study reports the first successful overexpression of the codon-optimized prochymosin form of the bovine chymosin enzyme in the tobacco via indirect transformation. Production of recombinant bovine chymosin in plants can be an easy-to-scale-up, safe, and inexpensive platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnam Azizi-Dargahlou
- Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mahin Pouresmaeil
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabi, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Wang J, Bai X, Su Y, Deng H, Cai L, Ming X, Tao YB, He H, Xu ZF, Tang M. JcSEUSS1 negatively regulates reproductive organ development in perennial woody Jatropha curcas. PLANTA 2023; 258:88. [PMID: 37755517 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, reduced flower number, wrinkled kernels, and decreased seed yield in Jatopha curcas, while downregulation of JcSEUSS1 increased flower number and seed production. The seed oil of Jatropha curcas is suitable as an ideal alternative for diesel fuel, yet the seed yield of Jatropha is restricted by its small number of female flowers and low seed setting rate. Therefore, it is crucial to identify genes that regulate flowering and seed set, and hence improve seed yield. In this study, overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, fewer flowers and fruits, and smaller fruits and seeds, causing reduced seed production and oil content. In contrast, the downregulation of JcSEUSS1 by RNA interference (RNAi) technology caused an increase in the flower number and seed yield. However, the flowering time, seed number per fruit, seed weight, and size exhibited no obvious changes in JcSEUSS1-RNAi plants. Moreover, the fatty acid composition also changed in JcSEUSS1 overexpression and RNAi plants, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) was increased in overexpression plants, and the saturated FAs were increased in RNAi plants. These results indicate that JcSEUSS1 played a negative role in regulating reproductive growth and worked redundantly with other genes in the regulation of flowering time, seed number per fruit, seed weight, and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiqing Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Cai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ming
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Mengla, China.
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Interference Expression of StMSD Inhibited the Deposition of Suberin and Lignin at Wounds of Potato Tubers by Reducing the Production of H2O2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101901. [PMID: 36290624 PMCID: PMC9598499 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) actively participates in the wound stress of plants. However, whether StMSD mediates the generation of H2O2 and the deposition of suberin polyphenolic and lignin at potato tuber wounds is elusive. In this study, we developed the StMSD interference expression of potato plants and tubers by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The StSOD expression showed a marked downregulation in StMSD-interference tubers, especially StCSD2 and StCSD3. The content of O2•− exhibited a noticeable increase together with the inhibition in H2O2 accumulation. Moreover, the gene expression levels of StPAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and StC4H (cinnamate-4-hydroxylase) were downregulated in StMSD-interference tubers, and less suberin polyphenolic and lignin depositions at the wounds were observed. Taken together, the interference expression of StMSD can result in less suberin polyphenolic and lignin deposition by inhibiting the disproportionation of O2•− to H2O2 and restraining phenylpropanoid metabolism in tubers.
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Zhao ML, Zhou ZF, Chen MS, Xu CJ, Xu ZF. An ortholog of the MADS-box gene SEPALLATA3 regulates stamen development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. PLANTA 2022; 255:111. [PMID: 35478059 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of JcSEP3 causes defective stamen development in Jatropha curcas, in which brassinosteroid and gibberellin signaling pathways may be involved. SEPALLATAs (SEPs), the class E genes of the ABCE model, are required for floral organ determination. In this study, we investigated the role of the JcSEP3 gene in floral organ development in the woody plant Jatropha curcas. Transgenic Jatropha plants overexpressing JcSEP3 displayed abnormal phenotypes such as deficient anthers and pollen, as well as free stamen filaments, whereas JcSEP3-RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants had no obvious phenotypic changes, suggesting that JcSEP3 is redundant with other JcSEP genes in Jatropha. Moreover, we compared the transcriptomes of wild-type plants, JcSEP3-overexpressing, and JcSEP3-RNAi transgenic plants. In the JcSEP3-overexpressing transgenic plants, we discovered 25 upregulated genes involved in anther and pollen development, as well as 12 induced genes in brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways. These results suggest that JcSEP3 directly or indirectly regulates stamen development, concomitant with the regulation of BR and GA signaling pathways. Our findings help to understand the roles of SEP genes in stamen development in perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Chuan-Jia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Optimization of the Transformation Protocol for Increased Efficiency of Genetic Transformation in Hevea brasiliensis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081067. [PMID: 35448795 PMCID: PMC9024888 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The recurring growth of bacterium in newly developed resistant cells and a minimal level of bacterial infection rate are the main limiting factors of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation experiments in Hevea brasiliensis. The current study aimed to optimize crucial factors of the transformation protocol in order to obtain an efficient transformation experimental model for Hevea using cotyledonary somatic embryos as explants. Transformation conditions such as antibiotic concentration, preculture duration, Agrobacterium concentration, sonication and cocultivation conditions were analyzed using the binary vector pCAMBIA2301. Transient transformation was confirmed by GUS histochemical staining. The best transformation efficiency was observed when the explants were not cultured on a preculture medium that contained acetosyringone at a level of 100 μM. The best results were obtained using a bacterial density of 0.45 at OD 600 nm, 50 s of sonication of explants in a bacterial liquid culture and a total incubation time of 18 min in the same bacterial suspension. Transmission electron microscopical analysis confirmed the impacts of sonication on bacterial infection efficiency. Cocultivation conditions of 22 °C and 84 h of darkness were optimal for the transfer of T-DNA. Agrobacterium was eliminated with 500 mg/L of timentin, and the selection of transformants was performed using 100 mg/L of kanamycin in the selection medium. The presence of transgene was confirmed in the resistant embryos by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The improved method of genetic transformation established in the present study will be useful for the introduction of foreign genes of interest into the Hevea genome for the breeding of this economically important plant species in the future.
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Tang M, Bai X, Wang J, Chen T, Meng X, Deng H, Li C, Xu ZF. Efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction in woody perennial species of the Jatropha genus depends on transport distance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:189-201. [PMID: 34505154 PMCID: PMC8755054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promotes flowering by integrating six genetic pathways. In Arabidopsis, the FT protein is transported from leaves to shoot apices and induces flowering. However, contradictory conclusions about floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees were reported in previous studies. We obtained extremely early-flowering transgenic woody Jatropha curcas L. by overexpression of J. curcas FT using Arabidopsis thaliana SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 2 (SUC2) promoter (SUC2:JcFT) and non-flowering transgenic J. curcas by RNA interference (RNAi), which were used to investigate the function of graft-transmitted JcFT in floral induction in woody perennials. Scions from five wild-type species of the Jatropha genus and from JcFT-RNAi transgenic J. curcas were grafted onto SUC2:JcFT rootstocks. Most grafted plants produced flowers in 1-2 months, and the flowering percentage and frequency of various grafted plants decreased with increasing scion length. Consistently, FT protein abundance in scions also decreased with increasing distance from graft junctions to the buds. These findings suggest that FT proteins can be transmitted by grafting and can induce the floral transition in woody perennials, and the efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction depends on the scion length, which may help explain previous seemingly contradictory observations regarding floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Street, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Corresponding authors: M. Tang (), Z.-F. Xu ()
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Chacuttayapong W, Enoki H, Nabetani Y, Matsui M, Oguchi T, Motohashi R. Transformation of Jatropha curcas L. for production of larger seeds and increased amount of biodiesel. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:247-256. [PMID: 34393603 PMCID: PMC8329273 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0422b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of green energy is important to mitigate global warming. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a promising candidate for the production of alternative biofuel, which could reduce the burden on the Earth's resources. Jatropha seeds contain a large quantity of lipids that can be used to produce biofuel, and the rest of the plant has many other uses. Currently, techniques for plant genetic transformation are extensively employed to study, create, and improve the specific characteristics of the target plant. Successful transformation involves the alteration of plants and their genetic materials. The aim of this study was to generate Jatropha plants that can support biofuel production by increasing their seed size using genes found via the rice FOX-hunting system. The present study improved previous protocols, enabling the production of transgenic Jatropha in two steps: the first step involved using auxins and dark incubation to promote root formation in excised shoots and the second step involved delaying the timing of antibiotic selection in the cultivation medium. Transgenic plants were subjected to PCR analysis; the transferred gene expression was confirmed via RT-PCR and the ploidy level was investigated. The results suggest that the genes associated with larger seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana, which were found using the rice FOX-hunting system, produce larger seeds in Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiluk Chacuttayapong
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Harumi Enoki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yusei Nabetani
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- Synthetic Genomics Research group, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Taichi Oguchi
- Tsukuba Plant‐Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiko Motohashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Overexpression of Type 1 and 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes ( JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2) Enhances Oil Production in the Woody Perennial Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040699. [PMID: 33916393 PMCID: PMC8066779 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form triacylglycerol (TAG). The two main types of DGAT enzymes in the woody perennial biofuel plant Jatropha curcas, JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2, were previously characterized only in heterologous systems. In this study, we investigated the functions of JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 in J. curcas.JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 were found to be predominantly expressed during the late stages of J. curcas seed development, in which large amounts of oil accumulated. As expected, overexpression of JcDGAT1 or JcDGAT2 under the control of the CaMV35S promoter gave rise to an increase in seed kernel oil production, reaching a content of 53.7% and 55.7% of the seed kernel dry weight, respectively, which were respectively 25% and 29.6% higher than that of control plants. The increase in seed oil content was accompanied by decreases in the contents of protein and soluble sugars in the seeds. Simultaneously, there was a two- to four-fold higher leaf TAG content in transgenic plants than in control plants. Moreover, by analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profiles, we found that JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 had the same substrate specificity with preferences for C18:2 in seed TAGs, and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 in leaf TAGs. Therefore, our study confirms the important role of JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 in regulating oil production in J. curcas.
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Liu Y, Yang X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Liu Z. An effective method for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Jatropha curcas L. using cotyledon explants. Bioengineered 2020; 11:1146-1158. [PMID: 33070678 PMCID: PMC8291823 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1831363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is one of oilseed crops and has been considered as an energy crop. In the present study, efficient plant regeneration protocol and transformation method were developed for J. curcas. Because the regeneration efficiency of adventitious bud from cotyledon explants of J. curcas induced by traditional methods is low, and it takes a long time to get complete plants. It is necessary to establish a new regeneration system to improve regeneration efficiency. Cotyledon explants were dipped into TDZ solution at different concentrations respectively for various times to obtain higher efficiency of adventitious bud regeneration. This new regeneration method was then applied to genetic transformation of J. curcas. Cotyledon explants were precultured for 1 day after treated with high concentration of Thidiazuron (TDZ) solution (20 mg/L for 40 min), followed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. After co-cultured for 2 days, the explants were placed on the induction hormone-free media for bud regeneration and resistant screening. After 30 days, selected shoot buds were transferred onto elongation medium for 15 days. Young leaf sections of the regenerated shoots were used for PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) detection of the transgenic shoots. The PCR positive shoots were isolated and used for in vitro grafting. The intact plants were obtained within 20 days. GUS (β-Glucosidase) staining and Southern analysis confirmed the transformation events. Briefly, a transformation efficiency of 34.32% was achieved and an intact transgenic plant could be obtained within 65 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Park, Yantai Kunyu Mountain Forest Station, Yantai, China
| | - Yahuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuesheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu CJ, Zhao ML, Chen MS, Xu ZF. Silencing of the Ortholog of DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 Gene in the Woody Perennial Jatropha curcas Alters Flower and Fruit Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238923. [PMID: 33255510 PMCID: PMC7727821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate α-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we isolated the JcDAD1 gene, an ortholog of Arabidopsis DAD1 in Jatropha curcas, and found that it is mainly expressed in the stems, roots, and male flowers of Jatropha. JcDAD1-RNAi transgenic plants with low endogenous jasmonate levels in inflorescences exhibited more and larger flowers, as well as a few abortive female flowers, although anther and pollen development were normal. In addition, fruit number was increased and the seed size, weight, and oil contents were reduced in the transgenic Jatropha plants. These results indicate that JcDAD1 regulates the development of flowers and fruits through the JA biosynthesis pathway, but does not alter androecium development in Jatropha. These findings strengthen our understanding of the roles of JA and DAD1 in the regulation of floral development in woody perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Jia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (Z.-F.X.)
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; (C.-J.X.); (M.-L.Z.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China
- Correspondence: (M.-S.C.); (Z.-F.X.)
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11
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Ming X, Tao YB, Fu Q, Tang M, He H, Chen MS, Pan BZ, Xu ZF. Flower-Specific Overproduction of Cytokinins Altered Flower Development and Sex Expression in the Perennial Woody Plant Jatropha curcas L. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020640. [PMID: 31963715 PMCID: PMC7013397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is monoecious with a low female-to-male ratio, which is one of the factors restricting its seed yield. Because the phytohormone cytokinins play an essential role in flower development, particularly pistil development, in this study, we elevated the cytokinin levels in J. curcas flowers through transgenic expression of a cytokinin biosynthetic gene (AtIPT4) from Arabidopsis under the control of a J. curcas orthologue of TOMATO MADS BOX GENE 6 (JcTM6) promoter that is predominantly active in flowers. As expected, the levels of six cytokinin species in the inflorescences were elevated, and flower development was modified without any alterations in vegetative growth. In the transgenic J. curcas plants, the flower number per inflorescence was significantly increased, and most flowers were pistil-predominantly bisexual, i.e., the flowers had a huge pistil surrounded with small stamens. Unfortunately, both the male and the bisexual flowers of transgenic J. curcas were infertile, which might have resulted from the continuously high expression of the transgene during flower development. However, the number and position of floral organs in the transgenic flowers were well defined, which suggested that the determinacy of the floral meristem was not affected. These results suggest that fine-tuning the endogenous cytokinins can increase the flower number and the female-to-male ratio in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ming
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.T.); (Z.-F.X.)
| | - Qiantang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Bang-Zhen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China (M.T.); (H.H.); (M.-S.C.); (B.-Z.P.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.T.); (Z.-F.X.)
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Zhao ML, Ni J, Chen MS, Xu ZF. Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2165. [PMID: 31052421 PMCID: PMC6540179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Tang M, Bai X, Niu LJ, Chai X, Chen MS, Xu ZF. miR172 Regulates both Vegetative and Reproductive Development in the Perennial Woody Plant Jatropha curcas. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2549-2563. [PMID: 30541045 PMCID: PMC6290486 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a promising feedstock for biofuel production because its oil is highly suitable for processing bio-jet fuels and biodiesel. However, Jatropha exhibits a long juvenile stage in subtropical areas. miR172, a conserved small non-protein-coding RNA molecule with 21 nucleotides, regulates a wide range of developmental processes. To date, however, no studies have examined the function of miR172 in Jatropha. There are five miR172 precursors encoding two mature miR172s in Jatropha, which are expressed in all tissues, with the highest expression level in leaves, and the levels are up-regulated with age. Overexpression of JcmiR172a resulted in early flowering, abnormal flowers, and altered leaf morphology in transgenic Arabidopsis and Jatropha. The expression levels of miR172 target genes were down-regulated, and the flower identity genes were up-regulated in the JcmiR172a-overexpressing transgenic plants. Interestingly, we showed that JcmiR172 might be involved in regulation of stem vascular development through manipulating the expression of cellulose and lignin biosynthesis genes. Overexpression of JcmiR172a enhanced xylem development and reduced phloem and pith development. This study helped elucidate the functions of miR172 in perennial plants, a known age-related miRNA involved in the regulation of perennial plant phase change and organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Jian Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Xia Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +86-691-8715070
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14
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Cai L, Zhang L, Fu Q, Xu ZF. Identification and expression analysis of cytokinin metabolic genes IPTs, CYP735A and CKXs in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4812. [PMID: 29785355 PMCID: PMC5960259 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed oil of Jatropha curcas is considered a potential bioenergy source that could replace fossil fuels. However, the seed yield of Jatropha is low and has yet to be improved. We previously reported that exogenous cytokinin treatment increased the seed yield of Jatropha. Cytokinin levels are directly regulated by isopentenyl transferase (IPT), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, family 735, subfamily A (CYP735A), and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX). In this study, we cloned six IPT genes, one JcCYP735A gene, and seven JcCKX genes. The expression patterns of these 14 genes in various organs were determined using real-time quantitative PCR. JcIPT1 was primarily expressed in roots and seeds, JcIPT2 was expressed in roots, apical meristems, and mature leaves, JcIPT3 was expressed in stems and mature leaves, JcIPT5 was expressed in roots and mature leaves, JcIPT6 was expressed in seeds at 10 days after pollination, and JcIPT9 was expressed in mature leaves. JcCYP735A was mainly expressed in roots, flower buds, and seeds. The seven JcCKX genes also showed different expression patterns in different organs of Jatropha. In addition, CK levels were detected in flower buds and seeds at different stages of development. The concentration of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)-adenine (iP), iP-riboside, and trans-zeatin (tZ) increased with flower development, and the concentration of iP decreased with seed development, while that of tZ increased. We further analyzed the function of JcCYP735A using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, and found that the concentrations of tZ and tZ-riboside decreased significantly in the Jccyp735a mutants, which showed severely retarded growth. These findings will be helpful for further studies of the functions of cytokinin metabolic genes and understanding the roles of cytokinins in Jatropha growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiantang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China
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15
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Li C, Fu Q, Niu L, Luo L, Chen J, Xu ZF. Three TFL1 homologues regulate floral initiation in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43090. [PMID: 28225036 PMCID: PMC5320528 DOI: 10.1038/srep43090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research revealed that TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) homologues are involved in the critical developmental process of floral initiation in several plant species. In this study, the functions of three putative TFL1 homologues (JcTFL1a, JcTFL1b and JcTFL1c) in the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas were analysed using the transgenic approach. JcTFL1b and JcTFL1c, but not JcTFL1a, could complement the TFL1 function and rescue early flowering and determinate inflorescence phenotype in tfl1-14 Arabidopsis mutant, thus suggesting that JcTFL1b and JcTFL1c may be homologues of TFL1. Transgenic Jatropha overexpressing JcTFL1a, JcTFL1b or JcTFL1c showed late flowering, whereas only JcTFL1b and JcTFL1c overexpression delayed flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. JcTFL1b-RNAi transgenic Jatropha consistently exhibited moderately early flowering phenotype. JcFT and JcAP1 were significantly downregulated in transgenic Jatropha overexpressing JcTFL1a, JcTFL1b or JcTFL1c, which suggested that the late flowering phenotype of these transgenic Jatropha may result from the repressed expression of JcFT and JcAP1. Our results indicate that these three JcTFL1 genes play redundant roles in repressing flowering in Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China.,College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan, 466001, China
| | - Qiantang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Longjian Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, and State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
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16
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Hu YX, Tao YB, Xu ZF. Overexpression of Jatropha Gibberellin 2-oxidase 6 ( JcGA2ox6) Induces Dwarfism and Smaller Leaves, Flowers and Fruits in Arabidopsis and Jatropha. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2103. [PMID: 29312375 PMCID: PMC5733080 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that play fundamental roles in plant growth and development. Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) plays a direct role in determining the levels of bioactive GAs by catalyzing bioactive GAs or their immediate precursors to inactive forms. In this study, a GA2ox gene, designated JcGA2ox6, was isolated from Jatropha curcas. JcGA2ox6 is expressed in all tissues of adult Jatropha, with the highest expression level in male flowers and the lowest expression level in young leaves. Overexpression of JcGA2ox6 in Arabidopsis resulted in a typical dwarf phenotype, along with late flowering, smaller leaves and flowers, shorter siliques and smaller seeds. Similarly, when JcGA2ox6 was overexpressed in Jatropha, the transgenic plants exhibited a dwarf phenotype with dark-green leaves and smaller inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds. However, the flowering time of Jatropha was not affected by overexpression of JcGA2ox6, unlike that in the transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, the number of flowers per inflorescence, the weight of 10 seeds and the seed oil content were significantly decreased in transgenic Jatropha. The results indicated that overexpression of JcGA2ox6 had a great impact on the vegetative and reproductive growth of transgenic Jatropha. Furthermore, we found that the dwarf phenotype of transgenic Jatropha was caused by a decrease in endogenous bioactive GA4, which was correlated with the degree of dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Bin Tao, Zeng-Fu Xu,
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Bin Tao, Zeng-Fu Xu,
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17
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An ortholog of LEAFY in Jatropha curcas regulates flowering time and floral organ development. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37306. [PMID: 27869146 PMCID: PMC5116762 DOI: 10.1038/srep37306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas seeds are an excellent biofuel feedstock, but seed yields of Jatropha are limited by its poor flowering and fruiting ability. Thus, identifying genes controlling flowering is critical for genetic improvement of seed yield. We isolated the JcLFY, a Jatropha ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana LEAFY (LFY), and identified JcLFY function by overexpressing it in Arabidopsis and Jatropha. JcLFY is expressed in Jatropha inflorescence buds, flower buds, and carpels, with highest expression in the early developmental stage of flower buds. JcLFY overexpression induced early flowering, solitary flowers, and terminal flowers in Arabidopsis, and also rescued the delayed flowering phenotype of lfy-15, a LFY loss-of-function Arabidopsis mutant. Microarray and qPCR analysis revealed several flower identity and flower organ development genes were upregulated in JcLFY-overexpressing Arabidopsis. JcLFY overexpression in Jatropha also induced early flowering. Significant changes in inflorescence structure, floral organs, and fruit shape occurred in JcLFY co-suppressed plants in which expression of several flower identity and floral organ development genes were changed. This suggests JcLFY is involved in regulating flower identity, floral organ patterns, and fruit shape, although JcLFY function in Jatropha floral meristem determination is not as strong as that of Arabidopsis.
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18
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Tao YB, He LL, Niu L, Xu ZF. Isolation and characterization of the Jatropha curcas APETALA1 (JcAP1) promoter conferring preferential expression in inflorescence buds. PLANTA 2016; 244:467-478. [PMID: 27095108 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The 1.5 kb JcAP1 promoter from the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas is predominantly active in the inflorescence buds of transgenic plants, in which the -1313/-1057 region is essential for maintaining the activity. Arabidopsis thaliana APETALA1 (AP1) is a MADS-domain transcription factor gene that functions primarily in flower development. We isolated a homolog of AP1 from Jatropha curcas (designated JcAP1), which was shown to exhibit flower-specific expression in Jatropha. JcAP1 is first expressed in inflorescence buds and continues to be primarily expressed in the sepals. We isolated a 1.5 kb JcAP1 promoter and evaluated its activity in transgenic Arabidopsis and Jatropha using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. In transgenic Arabidopsis and Jatropha, the inflorescence buds exhibited notable GUS activity, whereas the sepals did not. Against expectations, the JcAP1 promoter was active in the anthers of Arabidopsis and Jatropha and was highly expressed in Jatropha seeds. An analysis of promoter deletions in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that deletion of the -1313/-1057 region resulted in loss of JcAP1 promoter activity in the inflorescence buds and increased activity in the anthers. These results suggested that some regulatory sequences in the -1313/-1057 region are essential for maintaining promoter activity in inflorescence buds and can partly suppress activity in the anthers. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that other elements located upstream of the 1.5 kb JcAP1 promoter may be required for flower-specific activation. The JcAP1 promoter characterized in this study can be used to drive transgene expression in both the inflorescence buds and seeds of Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Liang-Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longjian Niu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
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19
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Tang M, Tao YB, Xu ZF. Ectopic expression of Jatropha curcas APETALA1 (JcAP1) caused early flowering in Arabidopsis, but not in Jatropha. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1969. [PMID: 27168978 PMCID: PMC4860315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a promising feedstock for biofuel production because Jatropha oil is highly suitable for the production of biodiesel and bio-jet fuels. However, Jatropha exhibits a low seed yield as a result of unreliable and poor flowering. APETALA1 (AP1) is a floral meristem and organ identity gene in higher plants. The flower meristem identity genes of Jatropha have not yet been identified or characterized. To better understand the genetic control of flowering in Jatropha, an AP1 homolog (JcAP1) was isolated from Jatropha. An amino acid sequence analysis of JcAP1 revealed a high similarity to the AP1 proteins of other perennial plants. JcAP1 was expressed in inflorescence buds, flower buds, sepals and petals. The highest expression level was observed during the early developmental stage of the flower buds. The overexpression of JcAP1 using the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter resulted in extremely early flowering and abnormal flowers in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Several flowering genes downstream of AP1 were up-regulated in the JcAP1-overexpressing transgenic plant lines. Furthermore, JcAP1 overexpression rescued the phenotype caused by the Arabidopsis AP1 loss-of-function mutant ap1-11. Therefore, JcAP1 is an ortholog of AtAP1, which plays a similar role in the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis. However, the overexpression of JcAP1 in Jatropha using the same promoter resulted in little variation in the flowering time and floral organs, indicating that JcAP1 may be insufficient to regulate flowering by itself in Jatropha. This study helps to elucidate the function of JcAP1 and contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flower development in Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan , China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan , China
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