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Gach D, Beijers RJHCG, van Zeeland R, van Kampen-van den Boogaart V, Posthuma R, Schols AMWJ, van den Bergh JP, van Osch FHM. Pulmonary function trajectories in COVID-19 survivors with and without pre-existing respiratory disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16571. [PMID: 39019957 PMCID: PMC11255309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors still experience a reduced diffusion capacity three and twelve months after discharge. We aimed to compare pulmonary function trajectories between hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pre-existing respiratory disease (PRD) and patients without pre-existing respiratory disease (Non-PRD) at three and twelve months after hospital discharge. This single-centre retrospective cohort study included COVID-19 patients admitted to the VieCuri Medical Centre (Venlo, the Netherlands) between February and December 2020 that were invited to the outpatient clinic at three and twelve months after discharge. During this visit, pulmonary function tests were performed and impairments were based on lower limit of normal. Data of 239 patients were analysed (65% male, 66 ± 10 years, and 26% with a history of respiratory disease). Three months after discharge, 49% and 64% of the Non-PRD patients (n = 177) and PRD patients (n = 62) had a low diffusion capacity, respectively. This improved over time in Non-PRD patients (p = 0.003), but not in PRD patients (p = 0.250). A low diffusion capacity was still observed in 34% and 57% of the Non-PRD and PRD group, respectively, twelve months after discharge. Pulmonary function impairments, mainly a reduced diffusion capacity, are observed among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with PRD and Non-PRD, at three and twelve months follow-up. Although diffusion capacity impairments restore over time in Non-PRD patients, poor recovery was observed among PRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Gach
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Rosanne J H C G Beijers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel van Zeeland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rein Posthuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro+, Hornerheide 1, 6085 NM, Horn, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop P van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM, Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits H M van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW, Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Lyng J, Morissette M, Ogborn D, Leiter J, MacDonald P, Longstaffe R. The impact of COVID-19 on national hockey league players' return to play. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:84-88. [PMID: 36744406 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2177080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the on-ice performance and return to play (RTP) rate following COVID-19 for National Hockey League (NHL) players during the 2020-21 season. METHODS Players with COVID-19 during the abbreviated 2020-21 season were identified using publicly accessible online sources. Demographics and on-ice metrics were accessed using the NHL's online statistics website. The length of time, rate of RTP, and games missed due to COVID-19 were analyzed. Primary outcomes included average time on ice (TOI) per game (TOI/G), average TOI per shift (TOI/S), and points per game (PPG) compared at different timepoints including pre- and post-COVID-19. RESULTS A total of 73 players (47 forwards, 18 defensemen, 8 goalies) had a documented COVID-19 diagnosis during the abbreviated 2020-21 season. Players missed an average of 5.6 games (14.7 days) due to COVID-19. The post-COVID-19 RTP rate was 97.3%, including playoffs. No differences were found in TOI/G between the pre- (15.7 ± 3.9 min) and post-COVID-19 (15.8 ± 3.4 min, p = 0.874) or in the first (15.8 ± 4.0 min) and second week (15.9 ± 3.8 min, p = 0.925) returned. TOI/shift did not change from pre- (45.6 ± 5.3 sec) to post-COVID-19 (46.7 ± 4.6 sec, p = 0.035) or in first (46.2 ± 5.4 sec) and second week post-COVID-19 (46.2 ± 4.8 sec, p = .854). No differences were identified for PPG between career, pre-COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 (0.44 vs 0.38 vs 0.41; p = 0.274). CONCLUSION RTP post-COVID was markedly high for NHL players. While the effects of COVID-19 on specific physiological measures remains to be elucidated, this study found NHL players do not have reduced performance following COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Lyng
- Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Dan Ogborn
- Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Peter MacDonald
- Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Longstaffe
- Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Pan Am Clinic Foundation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Williams Z, Hull JH. Respiratory complications following COVID-19 in athletic populations: A narrative review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14275. [PMID: 36539388 PMCID: PMC9880648 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Athletes typically experience a mild-to-moderate, self-limiting illness following infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Some athletes, however, can develop prolonged symptoms, with breathlessness, cough, and chest tightness impacting return to training and competition. In athletes with persistent cardiopulmonary symptoms following COVID-19, focus is usually placed on the identification and characterization of cardiac complications, such as myocarditis. In this review, we focus on summarizing the literature assessing pulmonary complications and physiological consequences associated with COVID-19 illness in athletes. The review also provides recommendations for clinical assessment of the athlete with pulmonary issues following COVID-19 and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zander Williams
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
| | - James H. Hull
- Department of Respiratory MedicineRoyal Brompton HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health (ISEH), Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Chen Y, Liu X, Tong Z. Can inspiratory muscle training benefit patients with COVID-19? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28956. [PMID: 37503550 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The possible benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on mechanical and clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) remain controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of IMT in the rehabilitation strategy of patients with COVID-19. The Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched to identify trials evaluating the efficacy of IMT in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The primary outcome included change from baseline of VO2 max, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), 6-min walk test(6MWT), forced expiratory volume in the first second predicted (FEV1%pred), and quality of life (QOL). Six studies with 349 participants were analyzed. Significant improvements were found in change from baseline of VO2 max (MD: 4.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79-7.30, Z = 3. 32, I2 = 0, p = 0.001), PImax (MD: 21.43, 95% CI: 1.33-41.52, Z = 2.09, I2 = 90%, p = 0.04), 6MWD (MD: 40.13, 95% CI: 24.92-55.35, Z = 5.17, I2 = 0, p < 0.00001) and FEV1%pred (MD: 8.73, 95% CI 3.07-14.39, Z = 3.02, p = 0.002) while no statistical improvements were found in QOL (SMD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.37-1.03, Z = 4.15, I2 = 89% p = 0.32) between IMT group and control group. The application of IMT might elicit mechanical and clinical improvement in patients with COVID-19. IMT could be recommended as an effective strategy of pulmonary rehabilitation for COVID-19. However, the proper timing, optimal duration, as well as appropriate frequency and intensity of IMT remain uncertain and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusha Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Güneş M, Yana M, Güçlü MB. Physical activity levels respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and pulmonary function in young post-COVID-19 patients : A cross-sectional study. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:251-259. [PMID: 37115337 PMCID: PMC10141881 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-023-02204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes permanent problems, even mild severity. The long-term consequences of COVID-19 are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate physical activity levels, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and pulmonary function in the long term in young adult COVID-19 patients who recovered from mild disease. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out at least 6 months after the COVID-19 diagnosis, 54 patients with COVID-19 (median age: 20 years) and 46 controls (median age: 21 years) were compared. Functional status (post-COVID-19 functional status scale), respiratory (maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP)) and peripheral muscle strength (dynamometer), pulmonary function (Spirometry), dyspnea and fatigue (modified Borg scale), and physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) were evaluated. CLINICALTRIAL NUMBER NCT05381714. RESULTS Patients with COVID-19 measured and percent predicted MIP and MEP were statistically decreased compared with the controls (p < 0.05). Shoulder abductors muscle strength (p < 0.001) and the number of individuals with low physical activity levels were significantly higher in patients compared with controls (p = 0.048). Pulmonary function, quadriceps muscle strength, exertional dyspnea, and fatigue scores were similar in groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and physical activity levels are adversely affected in patients with COVID-19, even though the patients were mildly affected in the long term. Also, symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue may persist. Therefore, these parameters should be evaluated in the long term, even in young adults who are mildly affected by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Güneş
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
- Iron Steel Campus, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, City Centre/Karabük, Turkey.
| | - Metehan Yana
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Meral Boşnak Güçlü
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bostancı Ö, Karaduman E, Çolak Y, Yılmaz AK, Kabadayı M, Bilgiç S. Respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in unvaccinated athletes before and after COVID-19 infection: A prospective cohort study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 308:103983. [PMID: 36343877 PMCID: PMC9635222 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated abnormalities and recovery in respiratory function after COVID-19 infection in an unvaccinated elite athlete population. METHODS Measurements included maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF). RESULTS The most frequent reported symptoms were fatigue with 80% and muscle/joint pain and headache with 50%, whereas only 10% reported dyspnoea and 30% cough. During follow-up, MIP was up to 13% and MEP up to 8% lower following COVID-19 infection. Likewise, FEV1 was up to 2% and FVC up to 5% lower. While MEP and FEV1 rapidly normalised, MIP and FVC still remained abnormal after 52 days of COVID-19 infection, thereby leading to a restrictive ventilatory pattern. PEF seemed unaffected during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 decreases respiratory function in unvaccinated athletes despite reporting few respiratory symptoms and having mild disease. An initiative aimed at reducing the long-term adverse effects following COVID-19 infection seems warranted, which perhaps may be avoided through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Bostancı
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Emre Karaduman
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Türkiye.
| | - Yunus Çolak
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ali Kerim Yılmaz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Menderes Kabadayı
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Sait Bilgiç
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayıs, Samsun, Türkiye
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7
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Fabrin SCV, Palinkas M, Fioco EM, Gomes GGC, Regueiro EMG, da Silva GP, Siéssere S, Verri ED, Regalo SCH. Functional assessment of respiratory muscles and lung capacity of CrossFit athletes. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:67-74. [PMID: 36910685 PMCID: PMC9993009 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244594.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CrossFit is a high-intensity training related to physical fitness and respiratory capacity that can promote changes in lung function. This cross-sectional study was aimed at evaluating respiratory muscle strength, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and lung capacity in CrossFit athletes. Thirty subjects aged between 25 and 35 years were divided into groups: CrossFit athletes (n=15) and sedentary individuals without comorbidities (n=15). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, lung capacity, and EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at respiratory rest, maximal inspiration and expiration, and respiratory cycle. Data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analyses (t-test and Spearman test, P<0.05). Respiratory muscle strength on EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at the respiratory cycle and maximal forced inspiration and expiration were higher in the CrossFit athletes group than in the sedentary group without comorbidities. CrossFit athlete group showed significantly strong positive correlation between maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengths (Spearman rho= 0.903, P=0.000), with increasing muscle strength during inspiration favoring an increase in strength during expiration. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) also showed a significantly high positive correlation (Spearman rho=0.912, P=0.000) in the CrossFit athletes group, showing that higher FVC favors higher FEV1. The results of this study suggest that improved fitness is based on increased respiratory muscle strength on EMG in CrossFit athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Cesar Vallin Fabrin
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Claretiano Center University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Palinkas
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Gallo Costa Gomes
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Pádua da Silva
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Siéssere
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Donizetti Verri
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology in Translational Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jaszczur-Nowicki J, Niźnikowski T, Makaruk H, Mastalerz A, Porter J, Biegajło M, Niźnikowska E, Markwell L, Nogal M, Łuba-Arnista W, Arnista P, Romero-Ramos O. Effect of Coronavirus 19 on Maintaining Balance in Skilled Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10470. [PMID: 36078186 PMCID: PMC9518167 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have reported that motor control is negatively impacted following an infection of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on maintaining balance in highly skilled athletes. As part of a larger investigation that was initiated in 2019, twelve professional handball players were recruited to participate in a study that was designed to measure static balance performance. Following the initial pre-test, six participants (body height 184.8 ± 4.7 cm; body weight 85.5 ± 3.3 kg; age 21.3 ± 1.2 years) were infected with COVID-19. The remaining six participants (body height 188.7 ± 2.6 cm; body weight 92.3 ± 3.7 kg; age 26.3 ± 3.3 years) never tested positive for COVID-19 and were presumably not infected with the virus. The experimental design required all the participants to complete an initial balance assessment (pre-test) and a later balance assessment (post-test). To fully analyze our data, we conducted a 2 (condition: COVID, no-COVID) X 2 (test: pre-test, post-test) ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor. Our analysis revealed that the skilled athletes who contracted COVID-19 had a significant decrease in balance performance from the pre-test that occurred prior to being infected with COVID-19 relative to the post-test that occurred following the COVID-19 infection. Additionally, the skilled athletes who were not infected with COVID-19 did not demonstrate the same deterioration in balance performance in the same period. This study highlights the impact COVID-19 has on static balance performance in a group of highly skilled handball players. Longitudinal studies are needed to fully understand the lasting impacts COVID-19 has on motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Niźnikowski
- Department of Gymnastics, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Hubert Makaruk
- Department of Gymnastics, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jared Porter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2700, USA
| | - Michał Biegajło
- Department of Gymnastics, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Ewelina Niźnikowska
- Department of Tourism and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, John Paul II University of Applied Sciences in Biala Podlaska, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Logan Markwell
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2700, USA
| | - Marta Nogal
- Department of Gymnastics, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 21-500 Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Weronika Łuba-Arnista
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
| | - Paweł Arnista
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
| | - Oscar Romero-Ramos
- Department of Didactics of Languages, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, University of Malaga, 4, 29017 Málaga, Spain
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9
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The Possible Impact of COVID-19 on Respiratory Muscles Structure and Functions: A Literature Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on respiratory muscle functions is an important area of recent enquiry. COVID-19 has effects on the respiratory muscles. The diaphragm muscle is perturbed indirectly due to the mechanical-ventilation-induced-disuse, but also by direct mechanisms linked with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. In this sense, a deeper understanding of the possible links between COVID-19 and alterations in structure and functions of the respiratory muscles may increase the success rate of preventive and supportive strategies. Ultrasound imaging alongside respiratory muscle strength tests and pulmonary function assessment are valid approaches to the screening and monitoring of disease, for mild to severe patients. The aim of the present review is to highlight the current literature regarding the links between COVID-19 and respiratory muscle functions. We examine from the pathophysiological aspects of disease, up to approaches taken to monitor and rehabilitate diseased muscle. We hope this work will add to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology and disease management of respiratory muscle pathology subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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10
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Lemes IR, Smaira FI, Ribeiro WJD, Favero NK, Matos LDNJ, Pinto ALDS, Dolan E, Gualano B. Acute and post-acute COVID-19 presentations in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:941-947. [PMID: 35623887 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe acute/postacute COVID-19 presentations in athletes. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The search was conducted in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus) and restricted to studies published from 2019 to 6 January 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies were required to (1) include professional, amateur or collegiate/university athletes with COVID-19; (2) present data on acute/postacute COVID-19 symptoms and (3) have an observational design. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. RESULTS 43 studies with 11 518 athletes were included. For acute presentation, the pooled event rates for asymptomatic and severe COVID-19 were 25.5% (95% CI: 21.1% to 30.5%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.7% to 2.3%), respectively. For postacute presentations, the pooled estimate of persistent symptoms was 8.3% (95% CI: 3.8% to 17.0%). Pooled estimate for myocardial involvement was 5.0% (95% CI: 2.5% to 9.8%) in athletes undergoing any cardiac testing, and 2.5% (95% CI: 1.0% to 5.8%) in athletes undergoing MRI, although clinical symptoms were not characterised. None of the studies with a control group (eg, non-infected athletes) could confirm a causal relationship between COVID-19 and myocardial involvement. CONCLUSION This broad characterisation of COVID-19 presentations in athletes indicates that ~94% exhibited mild or no acute symptoms. The available evidence did not confirm a causal relationship between COVID-19 and myocardial involvement. A small proportion of athletes experienced persistent symptoms while recovering from infection, which were mostly mild in nature, but could affect return-to-play decisions and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Ribeiro Lemes
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Infante Smaira
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian J D Ribeiro
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia Koenig Favero
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia de Sá Pinto
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eimear Dolan
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Singh SK, Singh R. Cytokines and Chemokines in Cancer Cachexia and Its Long-Term Impact on COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030579. [PMID: 35159388 PMCID: PMC8834385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia remains a serious public health concern worldwide, particularly as cancer rates rise. Treatment is endangered, and survival is reduced, because this illness is commonly misdiagnosed and undertreated. Although weight loss is the most evident sign of cachexia, there are other early metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur before the most obvious symptoms appear. Cachexia-related inflammation is induced by a combination of factors, one of which is the release of inflammation-promoting chemicals by the tumor. Today, more scientists are beginning to believe that the development of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) related cachexia is similar to cancer-related cachexia. It is worth noting that patients infected with COVID-19 have a significant inflammatory response and can develop cachexia. These correlations provide feasible reasons for the variance in the occurrence and severity of cachexia in human malignancies, therefore, specific therapeutic options for these individuals must be addressed based on disease types. In this review, we highlighted the role of key chemokines, cytokines, and clinical management in relation to cancer cachexia and its long-term impact on COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
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- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
- Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-756-6661; Fax: +1-404-752-1179
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