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Asplin P, Mancy R, Finnie T, Cumming F, Keeling MJ, Hill EM. Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20240009. [PMID: 39045688 PMCID: PMC11267474 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2024.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Symptom propagation occurs when the symptom set an individual experiences is correlated with the symptom set of the individual who infected them. Symptom propagation may dramatically affect epidemiological outcomes, potentially causing clusters of severe disease. Conversely, it could result in chains of mild infection, generating widespread immunity with minimal cost to public health. Despite accumulating evidence that symptom propagation occurs for many respiratory pathogens, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we conducted a scoping literature review for 14 respiratory pathogens to ascertain the extent of evidence for symptom propagation by two mechanisms: dose-severity relationships and route-severity relationships. We identify considerable heterogeneity between pathogens in the relative importance of the two mechanisms, highlighting the importance of pathogen-specific investigations. For almost all pathogens, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2, we found support for at least one of the two mechanisms. For some pathogens, including influenza, we found convincing evidence that both mechanisms contribute to symptom propagation. Furthermore, infectious disease models traditionally do not include symptom propagation. We summarize the present state of modelling advancements to address the methodological gap. We then investigate a simplified disease outbreak scenario, finding that under strong symptom propagation, isolating mildly infected individuals can have negative epidemiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Asplin
- EPSRC & MRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Mathematics for Real-World Systems, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Rebecca Mancy
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Finnie
- Data, Analytics and Surveillance, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Fergus Cumming
- Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, London, UK
| | - Matt J. Keeling
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edward M. Hill
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Andrup L, Krogfelt KA, Stephansen L, Hansen KS, Graversen BK, Wolkoff P, Madsen AM. Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1332078. [PMID: 38420031 PMCID: PMC10899481 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1332078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Children who start in day-care have 2-4 times as many respiratory infections compared to children who are cared for at home, and day-care staff are among the employees with the highest absenteeism. The extensive new knowledge that has been generated in the COVID-19 era should be used in the prevention measures we prioritize. The purpose of this narrative review is to answer the questions: Which respiratory viruses are the most significant in day-care centers and similar indoor environments? What do we know about the transmission route of these viruses? What evidence is there for the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical prevention measures? Design Literature searches with different terms related to respiratory infections in humans, mitigation strategies, viral transmission mechanisms, and with special focus on day-care, kindergarten or child nurseries, were conducted in PubMed database and Web of Science. Searches with each of the main viruses in combination with transmission, infectivity, and infectious spread were conducted separately supplemented through the references of articles that were retrieved. Results Five viruses were found to be responsible for ≈95% of respiratory infections: rhinovirus, (RV), influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coronavirus (CoV), and adenovirus (AdV). Novel research, emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that most respiratory viruses are primarily transmitted in an airborne manner carried by aerosols (microdroplets). Conclusion Since airborne transmission is dominant for the most common respiratory viruses, the most important preventive measures consist of better indoor air quality that reduces viral concentrations and viability by appropriate ventilation strategies. Furthermore, control of the relative humidity and temperature, which ensures optimal respiratory functionality and, together with low resident density (or mask use) and increased time outdoors, can reduce the occurrence of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Andrup
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen A Krogfelt
- Department of Science and Environment, Molecular and Medical Biology, PandemiX Center, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lene Stephansen
- Gladsaxe Municipality, Social and Health Department, Gladsaxe, Denmark
| | | | | | - Peder Wolkoff
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Shi HM, Si LJ, Zhang YW. Current status of common cold-related knowledge, attitude, and practices among nursing students as well as relevant factors in China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37129. [PMID: 38306522 PMCID: PMC10843410 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand the current status of cold-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) among nursing students as well as relevant factors, and provide a scientific basis for offering effective health education and promoting health care levels among nursing students. We conducted a survey of 668 nursing students using a self-designed "General Condition Questionnaire" and "Survey of common cold-related knowledge, attitude, and practices among students majoring in nursing." We used SPSS22.0 for data sorting and analysis; mean ± standard deviation was used for statistical description of the questionnaire scores, and t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used for differences comparison between binary variables and polytomous variables of the relevant factors. The test level α was 0.05, and the difference was considered statistically significant when P < .05. The total KAP score of the nursing students was 128.47 ± 13.91 points, which is a good level. There were significant differences in the KAP scores based on gender, educational background, grade, whether relevant knowledge had been acquired, extracurricular activities, weekly exercise frequency, exercise time per session, coping method after catching a cold, and medicine purchase methods (P < .05). The KAP level for cold among nursing students is at a good level. It is recommended that the relevant departments of nursing schools strengthen the education of nursing students on the knowledge about cold and physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Shi
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lian-Jing Si
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Michalsen A, Goldenstein K, Kardos P, Klimek L, Palm J, Parganlija D, Stöckl J. The impact of cineole treatment timing on common cold duration and symptoms: Non-randomized exploratory clinical trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296482. [PMID: 38236839 PMCID: PMC10795983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Common cold (CC) symptoms arise from an inflammatory response treatable with cineole and generally peak within two days, which complicates research implementation. We therefore explored the benefits of early cineole administration with enrolment of participants prior to CC onset. METHODS Out of 522 adults enrolled in our phase IV, open-label, non-randomized, exploratory clinical trial (EudraCT No. 2020-000860-51), 329 developed a CC and used 200 mg cineole (Soledum®, CNL-1976) t.i.d. for max. 15 (± 2) days. Primary endpoint was burden of disease based on the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS-11). RESULTS Comparing three strata based on time to treatment (≤ 12 h, > 12 to ≤ 24 h and > 24 h), earliest treatment resulted in lowest AUC-WURSS (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.36) and reduced the overall burden of disease by 38% (p < 0.0001). Earlier and lower symptom severity peak resulted, with shorter time to remission (average 8.9 vs. 10.7 days with latest treatment initiation, p < 0.05), and higher and faster recovering quality of life (p < 0.05). Tolerability was mostly rated as "very good", with adverse events of suspected causal relationship reported in 4.3% of participants. CONCLUSIONS Early intervention shows clinical benefits relevant for the effective treatment of CC with cineole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Michalsen
- Department of Internal, Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Goldenstein
- MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Klosterfrau Healthcare Group, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Klimek
- Centre for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Stöckl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kato K, Arai S, Sato S, Iwabuchi N, Takara T, Tanaka M. Effects of Heat-Killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MCC1849 on Immune Parameters in Healthy Adults-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:216. [PMID: 38257109 PMCID: PMC10821487 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical studies have shown that heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MCC1849 suppresses subjective symptoms among healthy adults. However, the mechanism underlying this beneficial effect remains unclear. This clinical study aimed to investigate the effects of MCC1849 on immune functions in humans. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, 100 healthy adults were randomly divided into MCC1849 or placebo groups. Participants ingested test powder with 5 × 1010 MCC1849 cells or placebo powder for 4 weeks. Immune functions were evaluated using expression levels of CD86 and HLA-DR on dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, and natural killer cells. The expression levels of interferon (IFN)-α, -β, and -γ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells incubated with Cpg2216 in vitro were quantified. Efficacy analysis was performed on participants in the per-protocol set (placebo group; n = 47, MCC1849 group; n = 49). The expression level of CD86 on pDCs and the gene expression levels of IFN-α, -β, and -γ upon TLR9 agonist stimulation were significantly higher in the MCC1849 group at 4 weeks. No side effects were observed. This is the first report to show the positive effects of MCC1849 on human immune cells. These findings reveal one possible mechanism of how MCC1849 suppresses subjective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kato
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arai
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sato
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwabuchi
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takara
- Medical Corporation Seishinkai, Takara Clinic, 2-3-2-9, Higashigotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
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Tsilimingkra NT, Papaneophytou C. Phytochemicals: Promising Inhibitors of Human Rhinovirus Type 14 3C Protease as a Strategy to Fight the Common Cold. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1343-1358. [PMID: 38698747 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266308561240427065854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinovirus 3C protease (HRV-3Cpro) plays a crucial role in viral proliferation, establishing it as a prime target for antiviral therapy. However, research on identifying HRV-3Cpro inhibitors is still limited. OBJECTIVE This study had two primary objectives: first, to validate the efficacy of an end-point colorimetric assay, previously developed by our team, for identifying potential inhibitors of HRV-3Cpro; and second, to discover phytochemicals in medicinal plants that inhibit the enzyme's activity. METHODS Rupintrivir, a well-known inhibitor of HRV-3Cpro, was used to validate the colorimetric assay. Following this, we conducted a two-step in silico screening of 2532 phytochemicals, which led to the identification of eight active compounds: apigenin, carnosol, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, and rutin. We subsequently evaluated these candidates in vitro. To further investigate the inhibitory potential of the most promising candidates, namely, carnosol and rosmarinic acid, molecular docking studies were performed to analyze their binding interactions with HRV-3Cpro. RESULTS The colorimetric assay we previously developed is effective in identifying compounds that selectively inhibit HRV-3Cpro. Carnosol and rosmarinic acid emerged as potent inhibitors, inhibiting HRV-3Cpro activity in vitro by over 55%. Our analysis indicated that carnosol and rosmarinic acid exert their inhibitory effects through a competitive mechanism. Molecular docking confirmed their competitive binding to the enzyme's active site. CONCLUSION Carnosol and rosmarinic acid warrant additional investigation for their potential in the development of common cold treatment. By highlighting these compounds as effective HRV-3Cpro inhibitors, our study presents a promising approach for discovering phytochemical inhibitors against proteases from similar pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Hagen M, Clark K, Kalita P, Serra G, Sanchez E, Varbiro G, Albasser MM. A real-world study of quality of life following treatment with xylometazoline hydrochloride in individuals with common cold. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2024; 18:17534666241228927. [PMID: 38372128 PMCID: PMC10878222 DOI: 10.1177/17534666241228927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common cold is a frequent, acute, and mild upper respiratory human disease. Nasal congestion has been considered the most bothersome symptom in the common cold, impacting quality of life (QoL). Topical decongestants containing steroids benefit QoL in allergic rhinitis, but no published research has assessed the impact of topical decongestants on QoL in the common cold. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of xylometazoline hydrochloride 0.1% (Otrivin, GSK Consumer Healthcare SARL, Switzerland) for up to 7 days on QoL in participants with nasal congestion associated with the common cold. DESIGN This was a decentralized, longitudinal, open-label study. METHODS The study enrolled 136 participants (⩾18 years) with early symptoms of the common cold, of which 102 were included in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. Within 24 h of study product receipt, participants confirmed a 'plugged nose' and ⩾1 other common cold symptom. Primary endpoints were Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 (WURSS-21) total score, total and individual symptom scores, and total QoL score. Secondary endpoints were additional QoL scores. Exploratory and post hoc analyses included median days to resolution for each QoL factor and analyses of five QoL categories. RESULTS Consistent improvements in symptoms and QoL were seen in the mITT population. From day 1, improvements were seen in the 'plugged nose' symptom (p = 0.0023), WURSS-21 total QoL score, and all individual QoL scores (p < 0.0001 for all). After the last dose needed, significant improvements were seen in sleep quality (73%), vitality (76%), physical activity (71%), social activity (80%), and sensation (81%). No serious or unexpected adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate in a real-life setting that treating nasal congestion in adults with xylometazoline hydrochloride 0.1% during the common cold positively impacts QoL factors relevant to daily living [Otrivin: Quality of Life (QoL) Impact in a Real-World Setting; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05556148].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hagen
- Haleon CH SARL, Route de l’Etraz 2, Nyon 1279, 1260, Switzerland
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Kim KI, Hong M, Park YC, Lee BJ, Kim K, Kang BK, Choi JY. Effects of herbal medicines ( Eunkyosan/Yin qiao san and Samsoeum/Shen su yin) for treating the common cold: A randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Integr Med Res 2023; 12:101005. [PMID: 38033649 PMCID: PMC10682673 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eunkyosan (EKS) and Samsoeum (SSE), which are called Yin qiao san and Shen su yin in Chinese, are commonly used herbal medicines for the common cold in East Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of EKS and SSE for treating the common cold. Methods A randomized, patient-assessor-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, and multicenter clinical trial was conducted. Adult participants who had one or more cold within 48 h before screening, were randomly allocated to EKS, SSE, or placebo groups. The recruitment goal was planned to be 375 participants. They took an EKS, SSE, or placebo, thrice daily for up to 8 days. The primary outcome was the change in the total score of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Scale-21-Korean version (WURSS-21-K) on day 6 compared to the baseline. The secondary outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) scores and the duration of symptoms was assessed throughout the trial. Results A total of 128 participants were enrolled and 44, 42, and 42 were allocated to the EKS, SSE, and placebo groups, respectively. This study was prematurely terminated due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and we were unable to recruit all the planned participants (n = 375). EKS showed significant clinical effectiveness over the placebo group in the treatment of the common cold, as assessed by the total, symptom, and quality of life scores of WURSS-21-K and VAS, whereas SSE showed significant improvement over the placebo group in terms of WURSS-21-K symptom score. No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions Although EKS and SSE demonstrated statistically significant clinical effectiveness and safety in patients with the common cold, we failed to recruit our pre-planned number of participants. Future definitive full-scale studies are needed to confirm these results. Trial registration ClinicalTrials. gov, registration number: NCT04073511. Registered on 29 August 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Il Kim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minna Hong
- Department of Korean Medicine, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital of Pusan National University, South Korea
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, South Korea
| | - Byoung Kab Kang
- Clinical Research Coordinating Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Medicine, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital of Pusan National University, South Korea
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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Marseglia GL, Veraldi D, Ciprandi G. Ketoprofen lysine salt treatment in adolescents with acute upper respiratory infections: a primary-care experience. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:890-895. [PMID: 37712897 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) are widespread in adolescents. Infections are associated with inflammation which in turn is responsible for symptoms and fever occurrence. Ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity associated with effective analgesic and antipyretic effects and has a valuable safety profile. In this regard, KLS could be advantageous in adolescents with AURI. METHODS A group of primary-care pediatricians retrospectively collected data from adolescents with AURI treated with KLS for three days. Fever and symptom perception were assessed by a visual analog scale and were monitored daily for five days. Adolescents (or parents) sent their data to doctors using a phone application (WhatsApp; Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA). RESULTS This retrospective analysis included sixty-one adolescents (mean age 13.4 years, females and males). KLS treatment markedly and quickly reduced fever and symptoms severity. In addition, the treatment was very well tolerated by all adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents present peculiar psychological characteristics that may determine some difficulties in prompt management of AURI treatment, while an adolescent with a respiratory infection requires a prompt and adequate cure. KLS, thanks to its pharmacologic profile, could be favorably used in this context. In addition, the treatment was safe, and the acceptability was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian L Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Veraldi
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Tratnjek L, Simić L, Vukelić K, Knežević Z, Kreft ME. Novel nasal formulation of xylometazoline with hyaluronic acid: In vitro ciliary beat frequency study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:136-146. [PMID: 37804998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute viral rhinosinusitis (viral ARS), or commonly referred to as the "common cold", is caused by respiratory viruses that cause disruption of the airway epithelial barrier and mucociliary dysfunction. Treatment of ARS is mainly symptomatic, with xylometazoline, a direct-acting α-adrenoceptor agonist, commonly used as a nasal decongestant. Unfortunately, this treatment does not resolve the epithelial dysfunction observed in ARS, and its use might negatively impact the nasal mucosa causing issues such as dryness, stinging, burning, rebound congestion, as well as atrophy. In light of this, a novel nasal spray formulation containing both xylometazoline and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed to provide a more effective and safer treatment for viral ARS. HA is a natural polysaccharide known to hydrate and moisturise the upper respiratory tract, maintain the integrity of the nasal mucosa, and promote mucociliary clearance and wound healing. To investigate the potential of this combination, this study was conducted using the nasal MucilAirTMin vitro model and high-speed phase-contrast microscopy to examine the effect of xylometazoline and HA on ciliary function by measuring ciliary beat frequency and their cytotoxicity by morphological, histological and ultrastructural analysis. This research is the first to assess the effects of a specific dose and molecular weight of HA as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in nasal spray formulations. The combination of a fast-acting decongestant and an additional active agent targeting nasal epithelial dysfunction has the potential to provide an improved, reliable and safe treatment for viral ARS, and may serve as the basis for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura Simić
- Jadran-galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Karina Vukelić
- Jadran-galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Zdravka Knežević
- Jadran-galenski Laboratorij d.d., Svilno 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Marseglia GL, Ciprandi G. Clinical use of ketoprofen lysine salt: a reappraisal in adolescents with acute respiratory infections. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:76-82. [PMID: 37937499 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i6.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Upper respiratory infections are widespread, and they are mainly of viral etiology. It has to be remarked that every infection is always associated with an inflammatory response. Inflammation implicates a cascade of bothersome symptoms, including fever, pain (headache, myalgia, and arthralgia), malaise, and respiratory complaints. As a result, anti-inflammatory medications could be beneficial as they act on different pathogenetic pathways. The ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity associated with effective analgesic and antipyretic effects and has a valuable safety profile. However, adolescents present peculiar psychological characteristics that determine their difficulty to be managed. In this regard, an adolescent with a respiratory infection requires a prompt and adequate cure. KLS, thanks to its pharmacologic profile, could be favorably used in this regard. A recent primary-care experience outlined its effectiveness in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
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Nematollahi MH, Mehrabani M, Hozhabri Y, Mirtajaddini M, Iravani S. Antiviral and antimicrobial applications of chalcones and their derivatives: From nature to greener synthesis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20428. [PMID: 37810815 PMCID: PMC10556610 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives have been widely studied due to their versatile pharmacological and biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor effects. These compounds have shown suitable antiviral effects through the selective targeting of a variety of viral enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), fumarate reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase, topoisomerase-II, protein kinases, integrase/protease, and lactate/isocitrate dehydrogenase, among others. Chalcones and their derivatives have displayed excellent potential for combating pathogenic bacteria and fungi (especially, multidrug-resistant bacteria). However, relevant mechanisms should be further explored, focusing on inhibitory effects against DNA gyrase B, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA), and efflux pumps (e.g., NorA), among others. In addition, the antifungal and antiparasitic activities of these compounds (e.g., antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial properties) have prompted additional explorations. Nonetheless, systematic analysis of the relevant mechanisms, biosafety issues, and pharmacological properties, as well as clinical translation studies, are vital for practical applications. Herein, recent advancements pertaining to the antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal activities of chalcones and their derivatives are deliberated, focusing on the relevant mechanisms of action, crucial challenges, and future prospects. Furthermore, due to the great importance of greener and more sustainable synthesis of these valuable compounds, especially on an industrial scale, the progress made in this field has been briefly discussed. Hopefully, this review can serve as a catalyst for researchers to delve deeper into the exploration and designing of novel chalcone compounds with medicinal properties, especially against pathogenic viruses and multidrug-resistant bacteria as major causes of concern for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Hozhabri
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryamossadat Mirtajaddini
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran
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Liu X, Min J, She B, Chen Y, Li J, Huang L, Chen J, Luo A, Yang M, Li T, Wu Y, Chen D, Zhong H, Liu W, Mao B, Jiang H. Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine (Binafuxi granules) for the common cold with fever: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. Integr Med Res 2023; 12:100956. [PMID: 37359288 PMCID: PMC10285547 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Binafuxi granules are a traditional Uighur medicine (TUM) for treating the common cold with fever. However, high-quality clinical studies supporting its efficacy and safety are lacking. Methods In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial, patients with common cold and fever were randomly assigned to a high-dose group, low-dose group, and placebo group in a 1:1:1 ratio. Outcomes were time to fever relief, time to fever clearance, proportion of afebrile patients, time to symptom disappearance, rate of symptom disappearance, effective rate, emergency drug usage and safety assessment. Results A total of 235 patients were recruited. Of these, 234 were included in the full analysis set (FAS), and 217 were included in the per-protocol set (PPS). In the FAS analysis, the median time to fever relief was 6.00 h, 5.54 h and 10.65 h (P = 0.31) in the high-dose group, low-dose group and placebo group, respectively. The median time to fever clearance was 18.29 h, 20.08 h and 25.00 h (P = 0.0018), respectively, and the proportion of afebrile patients was 92.4%, 89.7% and 71.4% (P = 0.0002), respectively. There was a significant difference in the disappearance time and disappearance rate of all symptoms and of individual symptoms. No serious adverse events were found. Conclusions Binafuxi granules can dose-dependently shorten the fever course and improve clinical symptoms in patients suffering from the common cold with fever. Trial Registration This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IIR-17013379).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of China, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Min
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin She
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Xinjiang Yinduolan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Xinjiang Yinduolan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Ju Chen
- Xinjiang Yinduolan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Ai Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daohong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Zhong
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ciprandi G, Varriccchio A. Sobrerol: New Perspectives to Manage Patients with Frequent Respiratory Infections. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1210. [PMID: 37508708 PMCID: PMC10378669 DOI: 10.3390/children10071210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are usually characterized by mucus hypersecretion. This condition may worsen and prolong symptoms and signs. For this reason, reducing mucus production and improving mucus removal represent relevant aspects of managing patients with RTIs. In this regard, mucoactive drugs may be effective. Mucoactive agents constitute a large class of compounds characterized by different mechanisms of action. Sobrerol is a monoterpene able to fluidify mucus, increase mucociliary clearance, and exert antioxidant activity. Sobrerol is available in various formulations (granules, syrup, nebulized, and suppository). Sobrerol has been on the market for over 50 years. Therefore, the present article revised the evidence concerning this compound and proposed new possible strategies. The literature analysis showed that several studies investigated the efficacy and safety of sobrerol in acute and chronic RTIs characterized by mucus hyperproduction. Seven pediatric studies have been conducted with favorable outcomes. However, the regulatory agencies recently reduced the treatment duration to three days. Therefore, a future study will test the hypothesis that a combination of oral and topical sobrerol could benefit children and adults with frequent respiratory tract infections. The rationale of this new approach is based on the concept that mucus accumulation could be a risk factor for increased susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Center, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Attilio Varriccchio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
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Chen S, Chen M, Chen Q, Zhang T, Xu B, Tung TH, Shen B, Wu X. Assessment of the Risk and Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers During the Omicron Transmission Period: A Multicentric Study from Four Hospitals of Mainland China. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3315-3328. [PMID: 37274362 PMCID: PMC10237192 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant emerged and spread rapidly among the population in the early stage of China's normalized prevention and control in December 2022. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to SARS-CoV-2, it is important to evaluate the impact of the omicron pandemic on HCWs in China. Methods A self-administered online survey was conducted on infected HCWs from four hospitals of Taizhou. A total of 748 HCWs received the survey via DingTalk, and 328 responded to the questionnaire. The risk factors were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results By December 20, 2022, 748 HCWs tested positive by PCR, and the infection rate was 11.4% (748/6581). Among 328 respondents, the most common symptoms were cough (88.4%), fever (83.5%), runny nose (77.1%), sore throat (73.2%), headache (70.1%), muscle aches (67.1%), and fatigue (53.4%). 69.8% (229/328) of the participants had five or more major onset symptoms, while no severe case was observed. The multivariate analysis indicated that the poor sleep quality (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.31-4.02, P = 0.004) was an independent risk factor for more major onset symptoms, while wore gloves ≥95% times in working (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85, P = 0.011) was significantly related to fewer symptoms. In addition, 239 (72.9%) recipients reported high fever (temperature ≥38.5°C), less common cold (≤3 vs >3 times/year, OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.05-4.65, P = 0.038) was significantly associated with high fever. Conclusion Our findings imply rapid transmissibility of omicron and multiple-onset symptoms among HCWs. Improved autoimmunity and self-protection measures for HCWs may be helpful in controlling infection and clinical symptoms. Our results provide empirical reference values for improved countermeasures and protective measures for major public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of System Medicine and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Taizhou, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of System Medicine and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Taizhou, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoming Chen
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Human Resources, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of System Medicine and Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Taizhou, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomai Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Mammari N, Albert Q, Devocelle M, Kenda M, Kočevar Glavač N, Sollner Dolenc M, Mercolini L, Tóth J, Milan N, Czigle S, Varbanov M. Natural Products for the Prevention and Treatment of Common Cold and Viral Respiratory Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050662. [PMID: 37242445 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The common cold is generally considered a usually harmless infectious disease of the upper respiratory pathway, with mostly mild symptoms. However, it should not be overlooked, as a severe cold can lead to serious complications, resulting in hospitalization or death in vulnerable patients. The treatment of the common cold remains purely symptomatic. Analgesics as well as oral antihistamines or decongestants may be advised to relieve fever, and local treatments can clear the airways and relieve nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, or sneezing. Certain medicinal plant specialties can be used as therapy or as complementary self-treatment. Recent scientific advances discussed in more detail in this review have demonstrated the plant's efficiency in the treatment of the common cold. This review presents an overview of plants used worldwide in the treatment of cold diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mammari
- CNRS, L2CM, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Quentin Albert
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, CIRM-CF, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Devocelle
- SSPC (Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre), V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maša Kenda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kočevar Glavač
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Sollner Dolenc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jaroslav Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nagy Milan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Szilvia Czigle
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mihayl Varbanov
- CNRS, L2CM, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Abstract
Acute rhinopharyngitis, usually called common cold, is a widespread disease, mainly in childhood and adolescence. The use of common cold relievers is, therefore, prevalent as documented by the market data. A well-established tradition considers natural remedies an effective and safe way to relieve the common cold. Hundreds of products for treating the common cold contain non-pharmacological components. Nevertheless, a few studies investigated the role of non-pharmacologic remedies for the common cold. The current study reported the most common non-pharmacological remedies for the common cold, including herbal medicines and other substances. As ancient people used traditional herbs to treat and prevent the common cold, various herbs are widely used to clear viral infections. The herbal agents include polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, glucosides, and alkaloids. Moreover, other non-pharmacological agents are widely used in real-life. Many multi- or monocomponent dietary supplements or medical devices contain these substances and are available in the market as tablets, syrups, drops, nasal or oral sprays, and nebulization solutions. Many products are available in the market. However, there is some evidence only for some substances. Consequently, further rigorous studies should confirm natural products' efficacy and safety to relieve the common cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ciprandi
- Outpatients Department, Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genoa, Italy -
| | - Maria A Tosca
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy Center, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Leung MW, O’Donoghue M, Suen LKP. Personal and Household Hygiene Measures for Preventing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections among Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:229. [PMID: 36612552 PMCID: PMC9819782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Personal and household hygiene measures are important for preventing upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and other infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An online survey recruited 414 eligible parents in Hong Kong to study their hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding the prevention of URTIs among their children. The average knowledge score was high (10.2/12.0), but some misconceptions were identified. The majority of the participants agreed that good personal hygiene (93.5%) and good environmental hygiene (92.8%) can prevent URTIs. The average score for hand hygiene practices was high (3.78/4.00), but only 56.8% of the parents always performed hand hygiene before touching their mouths, noses, or eyes. In terms of environmental hygiene, only some household items were disinfected with disinfectants (door handles in 69.8% of the households, toilet seats in 60.4% of the households, the floor in 42.8% of the households, dining chairs in 24.2% of the households, and dining tables in 20.5% of the households). A higher knowledge score was associated with parents having tertiary educational levels or above, working as healthcare professionals, living in private residential flats or staff quarters, or having household incomes of HKD 70,000 or above. The results of multiple regression analyses also indicated that parents who were healthcare professionals and with higher household income had a better parental knowledge of hygiene measures after adjusting the attitude score. For hand hygiene, parents who achieved higher attitude scores obtained higher practice scores. Under the fifth wave of the COVID-19 epidemic, there were some misconceptions regarding hygiene among parents. Any health promotion program should target parents regarding taking proper personal and household hygienic measures, especially for those who had relatively lower socio-economic status and/or from a non-healthcare background. Motivating attitudes toward hand hygiene can lead to better practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Wai Leung
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Li W, Li T, Zhao C, Song T, Mi Y, Chuangfeng Z, Hou Y, Jia Z. XiaoEr LianHuaQinqGan alleviates viral pneumonia in mice infected by influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2355-2366. [PMID: 36444944 PMCID: PMC9809968 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2147961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Xiaoer lianhuaqinqgan (XELH), developed based on Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) prescription, contains 13 traditional Chinese medicines. It has completed the investigational new drug application to treat respiratory viral infections in children in China. OBJECTIVE This study demonstrates the pharmacological effects of XELH against viral pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of XELH were investigated in vitro using H3N2-infected A549 and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in vivo using BALB/c mice models of influenza A virus (H3N2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infection. Mice were divided into 7 groups (n = 20): Control, Model, LHQW (0.5 g/kg), XELH-low (2 g/kg), XELH-medium (4 g/kg), XELH-high (8 g/kg), and positive drug (20 mg/kg oseltamivir or 60 mg/kg ribavirin) groups. The anti-inflammatory effects of XELH were tested in a rat model of LPS-induced fever and a mouse model of xylene-induced ear edoema. RESULTS In vitro, XELH inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines and replication of H1N1, H3N2, H1N1, FluB, H9N2, H6N2, H7N3, RSV, and HCoV-229E viruses, with (IC50 47.4, 114, 79, 250, 99.2, 170, 79, 62.5, and 93 μg/mL, respectively). In vivo, XELH reduced weight loss and lung index, inhibited viral replication and macrophage M1 polarization, ameliorated lung damage, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in lung tissues, and increased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. XELH inhibited LPS-induced fever in rats and xylene-induced ear edoema in mice. CONCLUSION XELH efficacy partially depends on integrated immunoregulatory effects. XELH is a promising therapeutic option against childhood respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chi Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Song
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Mi
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhang Chuangfeng
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Hosseini SS, Ebrahimi SO, Haji Ghasem Kashani M, Reiisi S. Study of quercetin and fisetin synergistic effect on breast cancer and potentially involved signaling pathways. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:98-109. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Saba Hosseini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences Damghan University Damghan Iran
| | - Seyed Omar Ebrahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
| | - Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Institute of Biological Sciences Damghan University Damghan Iran
| | - Somayeh Reiisi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences Shahrekord University Shahrekord Iran
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Lanko K, Sun L, Froeyen M, Leyssen P, Delang L, Mirabelli C, Neyts J. Comparative analysis of the molecular mechanism of resistance to vapendavir across a panel of picornavirus species. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105177. [PMID: 34517053 PMCID: PMC8593553 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vapendavir is a rhino/enterovirus inhibitor that targets a hydrophobic pocket in the viral capsid preventing the virus from entering the cell. We set out to study and compare the molecular mechanisms of resistance to vapendavir among clinically relevant Picornavirus species. To this end in vitro resistance selection of drug-resistant isolates was applied in rhinovirus 2 and 14, enterovirus-D68 and Poliovirus 1 Sabin. Mutations in the drug-binding pocket in VP1 (C199R/Y in hRV14; I194F in PV1; M252L and A156T in EV-D68), typical for this class of compounds, were identified. Interestingly, we also observed mutations located outside the pocket (K167E in EV-D68 and G149C in hRV2) that contribute to the resistant phenotype. Remarkably, the G149C substitution rendered the replication of human rhinovirus 2 dependent on the presence of vapendavir. Our data suggest that the binding of vapendavir to the capsid of the G149C isolate may be required to stabilize the viral particle and to allow efficient dissemination of the virus. We observed the dependency of the G149C isolate on other compounds of this class, suggesting that this phenotype is common for capsid binders. In addition the VP1 region containing the G149C substitution has not been associated with antiviral resistance before. Our results demonstrate that the phenotype and genotype of clinically relevant vapendavir-resistant picornavirus species is more complex than generally believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lanko
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liang Sun
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Gautier T, David-Le Gall S, Sweidan A, Tamanai-Shacoori Z, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Loréal O, Bousarghin L. Next-Generation Probiotics and Their Metabolites in COVID-19. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050941. [PMID: 33925715 PMCID: PMC8146258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, a global pandemic has been observed, caused by the emergence of a new coronavirus, SARS CoV-2. The latter is responsible for the respiratory disease, COVID-19. The infection is also characterized by renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal dysfunctions suggesting the spread of the virus to other organs. A dysregulated immune response was also reported. To date, there is no measure to treat or prevent SARS CoV-2 infection. Additionally, as gut microbiota composition is altered in patients with COVID-19, alternative therapies using probiotics can be considered to fight SARS CoV-2 infection. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge about next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and their benefits in viral respiratory tract infections and in COVID-19. We describe these bacteria, highlighted by studies using metagenomic approaches. In addition, these bacteria generate metabolites such as butyrate, desaminotyrosine, and secondary bile acid, suggested to prevent viral respiratory infections. Gut microbial metabolites transported via the circulation to the lungs could inhibit viral replication or improve the immune response against viruses. The use of probiotics and/or their metabolites may target either the virus itself and/or the immunologic process. However, this review showed that more studies are needed to determine the benefits of probiotics and metabolite products in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gautier
- UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, Inserm, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (T.G.); (S.D.-L.G.); (Z.T.-S.); (A.J.-G.); (O.L.)
| | - Sandrine David-Le Gall
- UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, Inserm, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (T.G.); (S.D.-L.G.); (Z.T.-S.); (A.J.-G.); (O.L.)
| | - Alaa Sweidan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, P.O. Box 6573/14 Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori
- UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, Inserm, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (T.G.); (S.D.-L.G.); (Z.T.-S.); (A.J.-G.); (O.L.)
| | - Anne Jolivet-Gougeon
- UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, Inserm, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (T.G.); (S.D.-L.G.); (Z.T.-S.); (A.J.-G.); (O.L.)
| | - Olivier Loréal
- UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, Inserm, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (T.G.); (S.D.-L.G.); (Z.T.-S.); (A.J.-G.); (O.L.)
| | - Latifa Bousarghin
- UMR 1241, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer Institute, Inserm, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; (T.G.); (S.D.-L.G.); (Z.T.-S.); (A.J.-G.); (O.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2232-3489-8
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Effects of a Lactobacilli Probiotic on Reducing Duration of URTI and Fever, and Use of URTI-Associated Medicine: A Re-Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030528. [PMID: 33806508 PMCID: PMC7998138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported on the effects of Lactoplantibacillus plantarum DR7 on reducing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) symptoms’ score and frequency in 109 adults upon a 12-week consumption at 109 colony-forming units (CFU)/day, but several limitations were detected in the publication. Thus, the present study re-analyzed some data with the aim to address some of these weaknesses, and presents new data on duration of URTI and consumption of URTI-associated medication, as compared to the placebo. Our re-analyses found probiotic administration significantly reduced the proportion of patient days of URTI and of fever (all p < 0.05). Recent history of URTI was a prevalent co-factor in affecting duration of URTI symptoms and fever, while other demographic and clinical factors had no influence. Exploratory analyses suggested probiotic had an earlier benefit in patients without a recent history of URTI compared to those with a recent history of URTI. Therefore, recent history of infections could have a modulatory effect on probiotic efficacy. Average number of months with reported use of URTI-related medication was 3.4-times lower in the probiotic group as compared to placebo (p = 0.016) during the intervention. Taken together, our present new data further support previous findings that DR7 probiotic had a beneficial effect on URTI.
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Bichiri D, Rente AR, Jesus Â. Safety and efficacy of iota-carrageenan nasal spray in treatment and prevention of the common cold. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:28-34. [PMID: 33629045 PMCID: PMC7880062 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The common cold is one of the most frequent viral infections in humans. Although benign, its symptoms result in economic burden and can lead to severe or even fatal complications in children, elderly and groups with comorbidities. The main purpose of the treatment is the relief of symptoms; however, the medication is often associated with adverse effects. Iota-carrageenan is a polysaccharide that reveals antiviral activity by binding to viruses, inhibiting its replications and, consequently, its viral propagation. This systematic review of the literature aims to compare the effectiveness of an iota-carrageenan nasal spray to placebo. This systematic review was conducted through research in Cochrane Database, PubMed, Science Direct, SpringerLink, Oxford Journals, Elsevier, ClinicalKey, Wiley Online Library, Embase databases, in order to collect randomized and controlled clinical trials. In total, the research provided four articles regarding clinical trials for comparing iota-carrageenan nasal spray with placebo. The results show it has potent antiviral activity compared to placebo and a favorable safety profile. Although further research is needed, the concept of a physical barrier capable of reducing viral penetration of epithelial cells in the nasal mucosa is appealing, and could lead to alternative approaches, with positive impact on global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bichiri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Rita Rente
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Jesus
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Espinosa-Tamez P, Lajous M, Cantú-Brito C, Lopez-Ridaura R, Monge A, Yunes E, Rodríguez BL, Espinosa L, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Catzin-Kuhlmann A. Association of recurrent common infections and subclinical cardiovascular disease in Mexican women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246047. [PMID: 33497395 PMCID: PMC7837493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute and agent-specific chronic infections have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however data on the burden of common recurrent infections on cardiovascular disease is limited. We hypothesized women with greater exposure to uncomplicated common infectious events had an increased risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the relation of recurrent infections and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1946 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort. Through 2012-2016, participants answered structured questions on respiratory, urinary and vaginal infections during the previous year and their IMT was measured using ultrasound by standardized neurologists. We defined sCVD as mean right and left IMT ≥0.8 mm or the presence of atheromatous plaque. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of infectious events with IMT and sCVD adjusting for age, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Among participants (50±5 years) 13% reported no infections, 20% one infection and 67% three or more episodes. Overall prevalence of sCVD was 12%(n = 240). Adjusted models for logistic regression showed that women with 2 or more infections had 91% higher odds of sCVD (OR 1.91; 95%CI 1.16, 3.13) compared to women without infections (p-trend:0.015). Sub-analyses by type of infection resulted not significant. Linear regression analysis did not show a significant association between mean IMT and recurrent infections. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent infectious events in young adult women are associated with greater sCVD, which supports the hypothesis of low-grade chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Espinosa-Tamez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cantú-Brito
- Division of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Ruy Lopez-Ridaura
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Monge
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Elsa Yunes
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz L. Rodríguez
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Luis Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - José Sifuentes-Osornio
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andres Catzin-Kuhlmann
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
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Antiviral Plants in View of Avicenna’s The Canon of Medicine and Modern Medicine Against Common Cold. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:99-121. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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27
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Ingredients Acting as a Physical Barrier for the Prevention and Treatment of the Rhinovirus Infection. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the common cold, usually caused by human rhinoviruses, is responsible for enormous damage to the economy and health every year, there are hardly any treatment options or prophylaxis for rhinovirus infections. In this work, the potential of a hydrogel complex, based on polymers and an aqueous extract of Icelandic moss in isla® medic lozenges (Engelhard Arzneimittel, Niederdorfelden, Germany), and two other hydrogels (based on solely xanthan gum or sodium hyaluronate) are investigated for the first time in order to prevent and treat rhinovirus infections. By means of rheological investigations, we demonstrate that isla® medic and containing polymers cause artificial saliva to thicken. Additionally, we demonstrate that the thickening results in the formation of a physical diffusion barrier, which leads to a significant reduction in plaques in a preventive plaque assay with rhinovirus 14 (RV-14). Furthermore, it is shown in a curative plaque assay that the hydrogel complex also has a curative effect on rhinovirus infections in that it reduces the spread of the RV-14-infection on H1-HeLa cell monolayers. Overall, polymer-based hydrogels and related products, such as isla® medic, could contribute to the prevention and treatment of rhinovirus infections.
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Wang X, Liao T, Wu Y, Huang D, Pei C, Wang Z, Wang F. Effect of Ganduqing on common cold: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis based on existing evidence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21678. [PMID: 32872036 PMCID: PMC7437761 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common cold is an infectious viral disease of the upper respiratory tract that has become the most frequent infectious disease in humans. Currently there is no cure for the common cold, and treatment typically focuses on alleviating symptoms. Although antiviral treatment is an important focus of current research, more than 200 viral strains have been associated with the common cold, making antiviral drug interventions difficult. Ganduqing is a Chinese medicinal preparation composed of Astragalus and Shegan. Several randomized controlled trials have been conducted to evaluate treatment of the common cold, but their effectiveness and safety have not been scientifically evaluated. In this study, we will systematically examine the efficacy and safety of Ganduqing in patients with common cold. METHODS The following electronic databases will be systematically and comprehensively searched: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Network, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Database and Chinese Journal Database, for randomized controlled trials that used Ganduqing for treating the common cold through June 2020. The primary outcomes were signs and symptoms of the common cold, including cough, sore throat, fever, nasal congestion and runny nose. Secondary outcomes included changes in the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes, and recurrence. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment will be independently conducted by 2 researchers. Meta-analyses incorporating data derived from the literature will conduct using Review Manager (RevMan) v.5.3 and Stata 14 software. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework will be used to assess the quality of evidence derived from the meta-analyses. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide an evidence of Ganduqing for the common cold and will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and/or presentations at scientific conferences. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of Ganduqing in treating common colds. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY202060073.
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Dorreh F, Esmaili MH, Yousefhajian P, Naziri M, Eghbali A, Bagheri B. Efficacy of Montelukast for Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI) or common cold is very prevalent in children particularly in young children. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) like montelukast are effective drugs in asthma and some other respiratory diseases. Our purpose was to study preventive effects of montelukast on pediatric URTI. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, and double blind trial was performed on 450 healthy children aged 1-5 year in Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. Children were randomized 1:1 to placebo group or montelukast group for 12 weeks. Number of URTI episodes and duration were the primary end points and were compared at baseline and after termination of treatment. Results: Mean age was 28 ± 12.3 months. Mean of URTI episodes was 0.7 ± 0.57 in children treated with montelukast and 1.27 ± 0.72 in children treated with placebo, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (P =0.01). A significant difference was seen in URTI duration between two study groups (6.3 ± 6.1 vs 4.1 ± 3.9, P = 0.05). In addition, duration of fever was shorter in children receiving montelukast (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that 3 month treatment with montelukast is effective for reducing the incidence of URTI in young children. This treatment has an acceptable safety without any serious concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dorreh
- Department of Pediatrics, Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Esmaili
- Department of Pediatrics, Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Parsa Yousefhajian
- Department of Pediatrics, Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Naziri
- Department of Pediatrics, Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Aziz Eghbali
- Aliasghar Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahador Bagheri
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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30
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Karimi-Galougahi M, Naeini AS, Raad N, Mikaniki N, Ghorbani J. Vertigo and hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic - is there an association? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:463-465. [PMID: 32519994 PMCID: PMC7889249 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Karimi-Galougahi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Safavi Naeini
- Department of Otolaryngology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Raad
- Department of Otolaryngology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Mikaniki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran
| | - Jahangir Ghorbani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Baldassarre ME, Di Mauro A, Labellarte G, Pignatelli M, Fanelli M, Schiavi E, Mastromarino P, Capozza M, Panza R, Laforgia N. Resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan in infants with common cold: A randomized double-blind trial. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03814. [PMID: 32322697 PMCID: PMC7172624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate effectiveness of a nasal resveratrol/carboxymethyl-β-glucan solution compared to nasal saline solution: a) on common cold symptoms by means of a validated measure scale (CARIFS score), b) on Rhinovirus infection and CCL2, CCL5, IL8, IL6, CXCL10 and TLR2 expression in nasal swabs, c) on frequency of relapses after 30 days of follow-up. Methods 89 infants with respiratory infection symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either a nasal resveratrol/carboxymethyl-β-glucan solution or nasal saline solution. All patients were evaluated with CARIFS score at enrollment, after 48 h, 7 and 30 days by physicians and parents. Nasal swabs were obtained at enrollment, after 48 h and after one week. Results CARIFS score improved in both groups. Episodes of sneezing and cough were fewer in study group after 7 days of follow-up (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found on nasopharyngeal swabs in Rhinovirus detection and cytokines expression after 48 h, nor in 30 days relapses. TLR2 expression was significantly higher in Rhinovirus infected children of the study group. No adverse effects occurred. Conclusions These data suggest that a solution containing resveratrol plus carboxymethyl-β-glucan might have a positive impact on both clinical and socio-economic burden due to infant common cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Grazia Labellarte
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Pignatelli
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Margherita Fanelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Elisa Schiavi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Paola Mastromarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Manuela Capozza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Raffaella Panza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari 70100, Italy
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Crisci CD, Ardusso LRF. A Precision Medicine Approach to Rhinitis Evaluation and Management. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2020; 7:93-109. [PMID: 32226715 PMCID: PMC7099688 DOI: 10.1007/s40521-020-00243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision medicine (PM) represents a new paradigm in disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The PM approach focuses on the characterization of different phenotypes and pathogenic pathways in order to allow the selection of specific biomarkers that will be useful in disease management. Rhinitis is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disease, both in terms of underlying endotypes and clinical presentations. Therefore, to apply the PM principles to the various rhinitis subtypes rise as a meaningful strategy to improve evaluation and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The technology of recombinant allergens has allowed molecular characterization of IgE reactivity of specific individual components of allergenic extracts. Recently published and ongoing clinical trials based on component resolved diagnosis (CRD) bring more precision to allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis. Monoclonal antibodies against various cytokines involved in inflammatory allergic and nonallergic rhinitis endotypes show promissory results. SUMMARY Better understanding of pathogenic pathways together with an accurate phenotype classification of patients presented with rhinitis symptoms contributes to point out clinical usefulness of biomarkers and other diagnostic tools, which leads to more accurate environmental control measures, personalized pharmacologic options, and new biological therapy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D. Crisci
- Department of Pulmonology Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Ledit R. F. Ardusso
- Department of Pulmonology Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, National University of Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe Argentina
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Rech MA. Oseltamivir for All: Should It Become an Over‐the‐Counter Medication for Influenza Treatment? Pharmacotherapy 2020; 40:182-185. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Rech
- Department of Emergency Medicine Department of Pharmacy Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois
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Huang S, Constant S, De Servi B, Meloni M, Culig J, Bertini M, Saaid A. In vitro safety and performance evaluation of a seawater solution enriched with copper, hyaluronic acid, and eucalyptus for nasal lavage. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2019; 12:399-410. [PMID: 31576180 PMCID: PMC6766585 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s209644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The common cold is a viral infectious disease with symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, and mainly, nasal congestion. State-of-the-art therapeutic approaches focus on alleviating the symptoms of this disease by non-invasive and simple-to-use methods. Nasal irrigation is one of the most accepted approaches to ease nasal congestion which, if left untreated, has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Purpose In this study, the safety and efficacy of a novel hypertonic seawater solution for nasal lavage enriched with hyaluronic acids, eucalyptus oil, copper, and manganese salts (Stérimar Stop & Protect Cold and Flu; SSPCF) have been investigated in vitro. Methods An in vitro 3D reconstituted human nasal epithelium tissue model, MucilAir™, has been used in this study to investigate the safety of SSPCF on nasal epithelium by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. The efficacy of SSPCF was measured by mucociliary clearance (MCC), ATP release, Alcian blue and aquaporin (AQP3) stainings. Results SSPCF treatment respected nasal epithelium tissue integrity and enhanced barrier function without inducing a cytotoxic response. Secreted LDH and IL-8 levels were similar to untreated controls. MCC rate was increased 2.5-fold and ATP release decreased 87% upon SSPCF treatment, indicating improved decongestion activity. SSPCF treatment after hypotonic stress helped recover cellular organization, as shown by Alcian blue and AQP3 staining assays. Conclusion SSPCF appears as a safe and effective nasal irrigation formula that may alleviate the symptoms associated with common cold such as nasal congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara De Servi
- Department of in Vitro Research, VitroScreen, Milan, 20149, Italy
| | - Marisa Meloni
- Department of in Vitro Research, VitroScreen, Milan, 20149, Italy
| | - Josip Culig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Marco Bertini
- R&D Department, Laboratori Baldacci SpA, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amina Saaid
- Department of R&D and Innovation, Laboratoire Fumouze, Levallois-Perret, 92686, France
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Priming of The Host Antiviral Interferon Signaling Pathway by Bronchobini ® Resulting in Balanced Immune Response to Rhinovirus Infection in Mouse Lung Tissue Slices. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092242. [PMID: 31067687 PMCID: PMC6540047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is the predominant virus causing respiratory tract infections. Bronchobini® is a low dose multi component, multi target preparation used to treat inflammatory respiratory diseases such as the common cold, described to ease severity of symptoms such as cough and viscous mucus production. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of Bronchobini® in RV infection and to elucidate its mode of action. Therefore, Bronchobini®’s ingredients (BRO) were assessed in an ex vivo model of RV infection using mouse precision-cut lung slices, an organotypic tissue capable to reflect the host immune response to RV infection. Cytokine profiles were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mesoscale discovery (MSD). Gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix microarrays and ingenuity pathway analysis. BRO treatment resulted in the significant suppression of RV-induced antiviral and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Transcriptome analysis revealed a multifactorial mode of action of BRO, with a strong inhibition of the RV-induced pro-inflammatory and antiviral host response mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) and interferon signaling pathways. Interestingly, this was due to priming of these pathways in the absence of virus. Overall, BRO exerted its beneficial anti-inflammatory effect by priming the antiviral host response resulting in a reduced inflammatory response to RV infection, thereby balancing an otherwise excessive inflammatory response.
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Huang Z, Pan X, Zhou J, Leung WT, Li C, Wang L. Chinese herbal medicine for acute upper respiratory tract infections and reproductive safety: A systematic review. Biosci Trends 2019; 13:117-129. [PMID: 30930358 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute upper respiratory tract infections (AURTIs) are common and self-limited in people with normal immunity but sometimes lead to poor clinical outcomes under specific conditions such as pregnancy if not treated appropriately. Chinese herbal medicines (CHM), which are widely used to treat AURTIs, have proven to be effective in preclinical and clinical studies. This review focuses on the bioactivities of typical CHM and the adverse reactions they cause, and especially issues with reproductive safety when treating AURTIs. The main mechanisms for clinical efficacy may include anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and immunomodulatory action as indicated by preclinical evidence. Most clinical trials indicate that CHM shortens the natural course of AURTIs and that it relieves related symptoms such as a fever, headaches, coughing, myalgia, a cold, sore throat, and a nasal obstruction. However, some CHM have a range of adverse effects and potentially affect reproduction from endocrinal secretion to embryo development while others do not. Therefore, clinical adverse reactions and preclinical studies on the toxicity of CHM are discussed. More reliable evidence is required to conclude that CHM are efficacious and safe for pregnant women with AURTIs. This review should help to promote advances in the research on and development of CHM as alternative treatments for AURTIs and offer insight into strategies to manage the safety of CHM during clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengshu Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Xinyao Pan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Wing Ting Leung
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Chuyu Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University.,The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases
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Min J, She B, Zhang X, Mao B, Chen Y. Binafuxi granules in the treatment of common cold with heat syndrome based on traditional Uighur medicine: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:187. [PMID: 30922355 PMCID: PMC6440128 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The common cold is a highly prevalent illness with significant impact on society and health care. Common cold with heat syndrome (CCHS) is one of the most common types based on syndrome differentiation by traditional Uighur medicine (TUM), which is widely used in Central Asia. The study is designed to explore the efficacy, safety and optimal therapeutic dosage of Binafuxi granules in treating CCHS. Methods This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. Participants (n = 240) will be enrolled from five centers across China and randomly assigned to the high-dose group, low-dose group or placebo control group in a 1:1:1 ratio. All eligible patients will receive test drugs twice daily for 3 days. The primary outcome is the time to fever relief. Secondary outcomes include the time to fever clearance, duration of primary symptoms and each symptom and change in TUM symptom score. Discussion This is the first placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of a Uighur medicine in treating common cold. It will provide robust evidence on the efficacy and safety of Binafuxi granules in the treatment of CCHS. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IIR-17013379. Registered on 14 November 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3290-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Min
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin She
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Mao
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Jones E, Loomis M, Mealey S, Newman M, Schroder H, Smith A, Wickline M. Development of a comprehensive infection control program for a short-term shelter serving trafficked women. Public Health Nurs 2018; 36:53-61. [PMID: 30298575 PMCID: PMC7168096 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A shelter for trafficked women has unique infection control needs that require a comprehensive infection control plan, balancing the needs of infection prevention with respect for the vulnerable population served. Using a trauma‐informed model and evidence from infection control in other shelter settings, a group of senior baccalaureate students developed a program in a short‐term shelter for commercially sexually exploited individuals that included a written infection control manual, policies and procedures, and staff training. This partnership between academia and a nonprofit agency was an experiential service learning project in the domain of public health nursing, allowing students the opportunity to apply evidence toward a sustainable intervention for the agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jones
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mallory Loomis
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shalise Mealey
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Meagan Newman
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Holly Schroder
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashlynn Smith
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mihkaila Wickline
- School of Health Sciences, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington
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Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds-Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5813095. [PMID: 29853961 PMCID: PMC5949172 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5813095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining a normal healthy immune defense system lowers the incidence and/or the severity of symptoms and/or the duration of common cold (CC). Physical barriers and innate and adaptive immunity have been involved during a CC episode. Vitamins C and D, zinc, and Echinacea have evidence-based efficacy on these immune system barriers. This review includes 82 eligible studies to consider the preventive role of these nutrients in immune clusters and in CC to provide advice on dosage and assumption of these nutrients. Regarding vitamin C, regular supplementation (1 to 2 g/day) has shown that vitamin C reduces the duration (in adults by 8%, in children by 14%) and the severity of CC. Considering zinc, the supplementation may shorten the duration of colds by approximately 33%. CC patients may be instructed to try zinc within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. As for vitamin D, the supplementation protected against CC overall, considering baseline levels and age. Patients with vitamin D deficiency and those not receiving bolus doses experienced the most benefit. Regarding Echinacea, prophylactic treatment with this extract (2400 mg/day) over 4 months appeared to be beneficial for preventing/treating CC. In conclusion, the current evidence of efficacy for zinc, vitamins D and C, and Echinacea is so interesting that CC patients may be encouraged to try them for preventing/treating their colds, although further studies are needed on this topic.
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Engystol reduces onset of experimental respiratory syncytial virus-induced respiratory inflammation in mice by modulating macrophage phagocytic capacity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195822. [PMID: 29672626 PMCID: PMC5909611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or rhinovirus are one of the major causes for respiratory tract infections causing common cold disease. Respiratory viral infections range from mild symptoms in adults to serious illness especially in the very young or elderly as well as patients suffering from lung diseases or being immunocompromised due to other reasons. Engystol (EGY-2) is a multicomponent, multitarget preparation consisting of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria and Sulfur in various dilutions. The study objective was to test the effect of EGY-2 on the innate immune response during the early onset of respiratory viral infection in vivo as exemplified in a mouse model of RSV-induced respiratory inflammation. Methods Naïve BALB/c mice were infected with 1x106 infectious units RSV A2 intranasally to cause a mild respiratory infection. EGY-2 was administered daily per oral gavage starting seven days prior to RSV infection at doses of 0.4 to 5.1 tablets/kg. Control groups received placebo treatment. Animals were sacrificed 1 to 3 days post infection (p.i.) to analyse the infection and induced immune response in the lung. Viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenate was determined by TCID50 assay as well as immunofluorescence staining of BALF cells using anti-RSV antibody and microscopic analysis. The RSV induced immune response was assessed by evaluation of BALF differential cell count, BALF cytokine secretion and analysis of the phagocytic capacity of alveolar macrophages. Results EGY-2 significantly reduced the RSV induced neutrophil and early lymphocyte influx on day 1 p.i. in BALF. EGY-2 treatment significantly diminished the RSV induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, KC and TNF-α at day 1. EGY-2 treatment was not protective for RSV infection per se, as no alteration in the viral load in lung and BALF was detected. Enhanced numbers of phagocytic-active macrophages were observed in EGY-2 treated animals on day 1 and this macrophage population showed strongly enhanced phagocytic activity on day 1 and day 3. Conclusion The data suggest a beneficial immunomodulatory effect of EGY-2 during early onset of respiratory viral infection in vivo, mediated by stimulation of macrophage phagocytosis, resulting in a reduced innate inflammatory response in terms of neutrophil and early lymphocyte infiltration as well as reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion.
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Jaume F, Quintó L, Alobid I, Mullol J. Overuse of diagnostic tools and medications in acute rhinosinusitis in Spain: a population-based study (the PROSINUS study). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018788. [PMID: 29391364 PMCID: PMC5878244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) has a high incidence. Diagnosis is clinical, and evolution is mostly self-limited. The aim of this study was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and use of diagnostic tools and medications in patients with ARS. DESIGN This is a prospective observational study in real-life clinical practice. SETTING Patients with clinical diagnosis of ARS (n=2610) were included from ear, nose and throat clinics in Spain. A second visit at resolution was done. PARTICIPANTS Patients were classified according to the duration of symptoms: viral ARS (≤10 days), postviral ARS (>10 days, ≤12 weeks) and chronic rhinosinusitis (>12 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, disease severity, quality of life (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-16), used diagnostic tools and medications, and the management performed by primary care physicians (PCPs) and by otorhinolaryngologists (ORLs) were assessed. RESULTS Of the patients 36% were classified as having viral ARS, 63% postviral ARS and 1% as chronic rhinosinusitis. Working in a poorly air-conditioned environment was a risk factor (OR: 2.26, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.04) in developing postviral ARS. A higher number of diagnostic tools (rhinoscopy/endoscopy: 80% vs 70%; plain X-ray: 70% vs 55%; CT scan: 22% vs 12%; P<0.0001) were performed in postviral than viral cases. PCPs performed more X-rays than ORLs (P<0.0001). Patients, more those with postviral than viral ARS, received a high number of medications (oral antibiotics: 76% vs 62%; intranasal corticosteroids: 54% vs 38%; antihistamines: 46% vs 31%; mucolytic: 48% vs 60%; P<0.0001). PCPs prescribed more antibiotics, antihistamines and mucolytics than ORLs (P<0.0068). More patients with postviral than viral ARS reported symptoms of potential complications (1.5% vs 0.4%; P=0.0603). Independently of prescribed medications, quality of life was more affected in patients with postviral (38.7±14.2 vs 36.0±15.3; P=0.0031) than those with viral ARS. ARS resolution was obtained after 6.04 (viral) and 16.55 (postviral) days, with intranasal corticosteroids being associated with longer (OR: 1.07, 95% 1.02 to 1.12) and phytotherapy with shorter (OR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.00) duration. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant overuse of diagnostic tools and prescribed medications, predominantly oral antibiotics, by PCPs and ORLs, for viral and postviral ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Jaume
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clínica de l’Olfacte, Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llorenç Quintó
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal) de Recerca en Salut Internacional de Barcelona (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isam Alobid
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clínica de l’Olfacte, Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Unitat de Rinologia i Clínica de l’Olfacte, Servei d’Otorinolaringologia, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Immunoal·lèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
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Liu X, Fu J, Fan T, Liu W, Jiang H, Zhang R, Ding H, Yang H, Hu S, Huang Y, Li G, Lan Y, She B, Mao B. The Efficacy and Safety of Shen Guo Lao Nian Granule for Common Cold of Qi-Deficiency Syndrome: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Phase II Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:1806461. [PMID: 29430253 PMCID: PMC5753015 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1806461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common cold is one of the most frequently occurring illnesses in primary healthcare services and represents considerable disease burden. Common cold of Qi-deficiency syndrome (CCQDS) is an important but less addressed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern. We designed a protocol to explore the efficacy, safety, and optimal dose of Shen Guo Lao Nian Granule (SGLNG) for treating CCQDS. METHODS/DESIGN This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial. A total of 240 eligible patients will be recruited from five centers. Patients are randomly assigned to high-dose group, middle-dose group, low-dose group, or control group in a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio. All drugs are required to be taken 3 times daily for 5 days with a 5-day follow-up period. Primary outcomes are duration of all symptoms, total score reduction on Jackson's scale, and TCM symptoms scale. Secondary outcomes include every single TCM symptom duration and score reduction, TCM main symptoms disappearance rate, curative effects, and comparison between Jackson's scale and TCM symptom scale. ETHICS AND TRIAL REGISTRATION This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Trials and Biomedicine of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (number IRB-2014-12) and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-15006349).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of National Good Clinical Practice, The Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haimiao Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130051, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Department of Good Clinical Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Center of Good Clinical Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Lan
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin She
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Stein RA. Hopes and challenges for the common cold. Int J Clin Pract 2017; 71. [PMID: 28238227 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, NY, USA
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Offenbächer M, Weber A, van Dyck M, Taverna M, Stahler A, Kohls N, Schelling J. [Protection against common cold]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017; 159:43-47. [PMID: 28097555 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Offenbächer
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Klinikum der Univ. München, Campus Innenstadt, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, D-80336, München, Deutschland.
| | - Annemarie Weber
- Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Coburg, Bereich Integrative Gesundheitsförderung, Coburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Mara Taverna
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, München, Deutschland
| | | | - Niko Kohls
- Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften Coburg, Bereich Integrative Gesundheitsförderung, Coburg, Deutschland
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Paulman PM, Taylor RB, Paulman AA, Nasir LS. Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract. Fam Med 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122143 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections of the respiratory tract are common events in all age groups and are the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age in developing countries [1]. These infections cause significant economic burden, with estimated direct and indirect medical costs in the US exceeding $70 billion annually [2, 3]. Children under the age of 5 have an average incidence rate of four to six viral respiratory infections/year and the rate gradually decreases to one to two/year in most adults [4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Paulman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska USA
| | - Robert B. Taylor
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia USA
| | - Audrey A. Paulman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska USA
| | - Laeth S. Nasir
- Department of Family Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska USA
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Głobińska A, Pawełczyk M, Piechota-Polańczyk A, Olszewska-Ziąber A, Moskwa S, Mikołajczyk A, Jabłońska A, Zakrzewski PK, Brauncajs M, Jarzębska M, Taka S, Papadopoulos NG, Kowalski ML. Impaired virus replication and decreased innate immune responses to viral infections in nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:100-112. [PMID: 27667736 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the immune response to parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), rhinovirus 1B (RV1B) and intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. NECs were obtained from eight patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 11 non-atopic healthy controls (HC) by nasal scraping, grown to confluence and exposed to PIV3, RV1B infection or TLR-3 and TLR-7/8 agonists. Interferon (IFN)-λ1, IFN-α, IFN-β and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) release into the cell culture supernatants was assessed at 8, 24 and 48 h upon infection or 8 and 24 h after stimulation with poly(I:C) and R848. mRNA levels of IFNs, RANTES, interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF)3, IRF7 and viral gene copy number were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PIV3 but not RV1B replication 48 h after infection was significantly lower (P < 0·01) in NECs from AR patients compared to HC. PIV3 infection induced significantly less IFN-λ1 (both protein and mRNA) in NECs from AR compared to HC. IFN-β mRNA expression and RANTES protein release and mRNA expression tended to be smaller in AR compared HC cells in response to both viruses. Stimulation with TLR-3 agonist [poly (I:C)] induced similar IFN-λ1 and RANTES generation in AR and HC subjects. Viral infections in NECs induced IRF7 expression, which correlated with IFN and RANTES expression. These data suggest that virus proliferation rates and the immune response profile are different in nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis compared to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Głobińska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Piechota-Polańczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Olszewska-Ziąber
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - S Moskwa
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology Department, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Mikołajczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - P K Zakrzewski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Brauncajs
- Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology Department, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Jarzębska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - S Taka
- Allergy Department, Second Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, Second Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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47
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Self-Care for Common Colds by Primary Care Patients: A European Multicenter Survey on the Prevalence and Patterns of Practices-The COCO Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6949202. [PMID: 27738443 PMCID: PMC5050368 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6949202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Patients use self-care to relieve symptoms of common colds, yet little is known about the prevalence and patterns across Europe. Methods/Design. In a cross-sectional study 27 primary care practices from 14 countries distributed 120 questionnaires to consecutive patients (≥18 years, any reason for consultation). A 27-item questionnaire asked for patients' self-care for their last common cold. Results. 3,074 patients from 27 European sites participated. Their mean age was 46.7 years, and 62.5% were females. 99% of the participants used ≥1 self-care practice. In total, 527 different practices were reported; the age-standardized mean was 11.5 (±SD 6.0) per participant. The most frequent self-care categories were foodstuffs (95%), extras at home (81%), preparations for intestinal absorption (81%), and intranasal applications (53%). Patterns were similar across all sites, while the number of practices varied between and within countries. The most frequent single practices were water (43%), honey (42%), paracetamol (38%), oranges/orange juice (38%), and staying in bed (38%). Participants used 9 times more nonpharmaceutical items than pharmaceutical items. The majority (69%) combined self-care with and without proof of evidence, while ≤1% used only evidence-based items. Discussion. This first cross-national study on self-care for common colds showed a similar pattern across sites but quantitative differences.
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48
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Tolerability of Nasal Delivery of Humidified and Warmed Air at Different Temperatures: A Randomised Double-Blind Pilot Study. Pulm Med 2016; 2016:7951272. [PMID: 27127650 PMCID: PMC4834170 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7951272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Delivery of warmed, humidified air via nasal high flow therapy could potentially reduce replication of temperature-sensitive viruses in the upper respiratory tract. This study investigates whether nasal high flow therapy is well tolerated by healthy adults at 37°C and 41°C. Methods. In this randomised, double-blind, controlled crossover pilot trial, nasal high flow therapy was used to deliver humidified air at 35 L/min, at either 37°C or 41°C, for three one-hour sessions of use over one day. The alternative was delivered at least 14 days later. Ten healthy, nonsmoking adults were asked, via questionnaire after each day's use, whether they would use nasal high flow therapy while being unwell with a cold or flu if it was demonstrated to improve symptoms. Results. All participants completed both interventions. Eighty percent responded “yes” to future use of nasal high flow therapy, for both 37°C and 41°C. There was no significant change from baseline in saccharin times following either intervention or in the following morning. Conclusions. Delivering humidified air via nasal high flow therapy at both 37°C and 41°C is well tolerated by healthy adults. This supports investigation into the potential use of nasal high flow therapy as treatment in viral upper respiratory tract infections. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with ACTRN12614000183684 (tolerability study of nasal delivery of humidified & warmed air).
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49
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Monlezun DJ, Bittner EA, Christopher KB, Camargo CA, Quraishi SA. Vitamin D status and acute respiratory infection: cross sectional results from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2006. Nutrients 2015; 7:1933-44. [PMID: 25781219 PMCID: PMC4377891 DOI: 10.3390/nu7031933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a promising, though under-explored, potential modifiable risk factor for acute respiratory infections (ARIs). We sought to investigate the association of vitamin D status with ARI in a large, nationally-representative sample of non-institutionalized individuals from the United States. We analyzed 14,108 individuals over 16 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006 in this cross-sectional study. We used locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) to depict the relationship between increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and ARI. We then performed a multivariable regression analysis to investigate the association of 25OHD levels with ARI, while adjusting for known confounders. The median serum 25OHD level was 21 (IQR 15-27) ng/mL. Overall, 4.8% (95% CI: 4.5-5.2) of participants reported an ARI within 30 days before their participation in the national survey. LOWESS analysis revealed a near-linear relationship between vitamin D status and the cumulative frequency of ARI up to 25OHD levels around 30 ng/mL. After adjusting for season, demographic factors, and clinical data, 25OHD levels <30 ng/mL were associated with 58% higher odds of ARI (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.07-2.33) compared to levels ≥30 ng/mL. Among the 14,108 participants in NHANES 2001-2006, 25OHD levels were inversely associated with ARI. Carefully designed, randomized, controlled trials are warranted to determine the effect of optimizing vitamin D status on the risk of ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique J Monlezun
- Tulane School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Edward A Bittner
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Kenneth B Christopher
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Sadeq A Quraishi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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50
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Coleman BL, Fadel SA, Drews SJ, Hatchette TF, McGeer AJ. Zanamivir versus trivalent split virus influenza vaccine: a pilot randomized trial. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2015; 9:78-84. [PMID: 25557838 PMCID: PMC4353320 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers may be exposed to people with respiratory viral infections more often than other working adults. Understanding the risk and the effectiveness of different preventive measures is of great importance. OBJECTIVES To estimate adherence to prophylactic antiviral medication for a full influenza season, to the compare efficacy of antiviral prophylaxis to that of the seasonal influenza vaccine and to identify exposures that increase risk of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in healthy adults. METHODS Participants were randomized 1:2 to receive the 2008-2009 influenza vaccine or daily prophylaxis with 10 mg of zanamivir during the season. Web-based questionnaires collected information on demographics, symptoms, exposures, medication use and side effects. RESULTS Sixty-four healthy adults were recruited in November 2008. Three of 40 active participants discontinued zanamivir due to side effects; the remaining 37 took >85% of scheduled doses for a median of 121 days. Symptomatic, laboratory-confirmed influenza was detected in one person randomized to zanamivir (2·5%) and 2/20 (10%) who received the vaccine (P = 0·25). Forty-seven participants reported 109 episodes of ARI. Factors associated with an ARI were exposure to a spouse (OR 7·2), child (OR 2·4) or patient (OR 2·0) with symptoms of an ARI in the previous 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Breakthrough influenza infection occurred in both vaccinated participants and those receiving antiviral prophylaxis. Most adults were willing and able to comply with season-long prophylaxis. Report of recent exposure to family members and patients with an ARI increased the risk of developing an ARI in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L Coleman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shaza A Fadel
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- ProvLabCalgary, AB, Canada
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - Todd F Hatchette
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie UniversityHalifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Health Sciences CentreHalifax, NS, Canada
| | - Allison J McGeer
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
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