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D’Aiuto V, Mormile I, Granata F, Napolitano F, Lamagna L, Della Casa F, de Paulis A, Rossi FW. Worldwide Heterogeneity of Food Allergy: Focus on Peach Allergy in Southern Italy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3259. [PMID: 38892968 PMCID: PMC11173152 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) has shown an increasing prevalence in the last decades, becoming a major public health problem. However, data on the prevalence of FA across the world are heterogeneous because they are influenced by several factors. Among IgE-mediated FA, an important role is played by FA related to plant-derived food which can result from the sensitization to a single protein (specific FA) or to homologous proteins present in different foods (cross-reactive FA) including non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), profilins, and pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10). In addition, the clinical presentation of FA is widely heterogeneous ranging from mild symptoms to severe reactions up to anaphylaxis, most frequently associated with nsLTP-related FA (LTP syndrome). Considering the potential life-threatening nature of nsLTP-related FA, the patient's geographical setting should always be taken into account; thereby, it is highly recommended to build a personalized approach for managing FA across the world in the precision medicine era. For this reason, in this review, we aim to provide an overview of the prevalence of nsLTP-mediated allergies in the Mediterranean area and to point out the potential reasons for the different geographical significance of LTP-driven allergies with a particular focus on the allergenic properties of food allergens and their cross reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D’Aiuto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Laura Lamagna
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Della Casa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (I.M.); (F.N.); (F.D.C.); (A.d.P.); (F.W.R.)
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Knyziak-Mędrzycka I, Cukrowska B, Nazar W, Bierła JB, Janeczek K, Krawiec P, Gromek W, Wysokiński M, Konopka E, Trojanowska I, Smolińska S, Majsiak E. Sensitization to Food and Aero-Allergens in Children with Coeliac Disease Assessed with the Use of a Multiplex Molecular Diagnostic Technique. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2992. [PMID: 38792533 PMCID: PMC11122608 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Coeliac disease (CD) often co-occurs with autoimmune conditions or genetic syndromes, but there are few studies on the co-existence of CD and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies. The purpose of this study was to assess sensitization to food and aero-allergens in pediatric patients with CD. (2) Methods. A multiplex ALEX®2 test was used to determine specific IgEs (sIgEs). (3) Results. The study included 108 children newly diagnosed with CD. Allergen extract- and/or allergen molecule-sIgEs were detected in 49.1% of children. Most children (41.5%) were sensitized to both inhalant and food allergens. The three most common aero-allergens (timothy pollen, ryegrass, silver birch) were molecules Phl p 1, Lol p 1, and Bet v 1. The most common food allergens (hazelnut, apple, and peanut) were Cor a 1, Mal d 1, and Ara h 8 molecules of the PR-10 subfamily. Patients were not sensitized to cereal allergens containing gluten. Spearman's rank correlation analysis of sensitized patients showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.31) between the patients' age and the occurrence of positive sIgEs (≥0.3 kUA/L) for inhalant allergen molecules (p = 0.045). In sensitized patients, mainly symptoms of inhalant allergy were observed, such as hay fever, conjunctivitis, and bronchial asthma. (4) Conclusions. The current study indicates the co-occurrence of IgE sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in children with CD. The study highlights the need to take a closer look at the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy in patients with CD, which may help in their care and lead to a better understanding of the relationship between CD and IgE-mediated allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Knyziak-Mędrzycka
- Allergology Clinic, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Beata Bierła
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.B.)
| | - Kamil Janeczek
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Profesora Antoniego Gębali Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Profesora Antoniego Gębali Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Weronika Gromek
- Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Nałęczowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Wysokiński
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Konopka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.B.)
| | - Ilona Trojanowska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.B.)
| | - Sylwia Smolińska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Parkowa 34, 51-616 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Emilia Majsiak
- Department of Health Promotion, Faculty Health of Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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Sun X, Li Y, Sun Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analyses of Major Latex Protein Gene Family in Populus simonii × P. nigra. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2748. [PMID: 38473994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Major latex proteins, or MLPs, are crucial to plants' capacity to grow, develop, and endure biotic and abiotic stresses. The MLP gene family has been found in numerous plants, but little is known about its role in Populus simonii × P. nigra. This study discovered and assessed 43 PtMLP genes that were unevenly dispersed throughout 12 chromosomes in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein localization. Based on their phylogeny and protein structural characteristics, three separate subclasses of PtMLP family were identified. Segmental and tandem duplication were found to be essential variables in the expansion of the PtMLP genes. The involvement of the PtMLP genes in growth and development, as well as in the responses to different hormones and stresses, was demonstrated by cis-regulatory element prediction. The PtMLP genes showed varying expression patterns in various tissues and under different conditions (cold, salt, and drought stress), as demonstrated in RNA-Seq databases, suggesting that PsnMLP may have different functions. Following the further investigation of the genes demonstrating notable variations in expression before and after the application of three stresses, PsnMLP5 was identified as a candidate gene. Subsequent studies revealed that PsnMLP5 could be induced by ABA treatment. This study paves the way for further investigations into the MLP genes' functional mechanisms in response to abiotic stressors, as well as the ways in which they can be utilized in poplar breeding for improved stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
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Zhao S, Li M, Ren X, Wang C, Sun X, Sun M, Yu X, Wang X. Enhancement of broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat through key genes involved in systemic acquired resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355178. [PMID: 38463563 PMCID: PMC10921362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible disease resistance phenomenon in plant species, providing plants with broad-spectrum resistance to secondary pathogen infections beyond the initial infection site. In Arabidopsis, SAR can be triggered by direct pathogen infection or treatment with the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), as well as its analogues 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The SA receptor non-expressor of pathogenesis-related protein gene 1 (NPR1) protein serves as a key regulator in controlling SAR signaling transduction. Similarly, in common wheat (Triticum aestivum), pathogen infection or treatment with the SA analogue BTH can induce broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, and other diseases. However, unlike SAR in the model plant Arabidopsis or rice, SAR-like responses in wheat exhibit unique features and regulatory pathways. The acquired resistance (AR) induced by the model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is regulated by NPR1, but its effects are limited to the adjacent region of the same leaf and not systemic. On the other hand, the systemic immunity (SI) triggered by Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (Xtc) or Pseudomonas syringae pv. japonica (Psj) is not controlled by NPR1 or SA, but rather closely associated with jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and several transcription factors. Furthermore, the BTH-induced resistance (BIR) partially depends on NPR1 activation, leading to a broader and stronger plant defense response. This paper provides a systematic review of the research progress on SAR in wheat, emphasizes the key regulatory role of NPR1 in wheat SAR, and summarizes the potential of pathogenesis-related protein (PR) genes in genetically modifying wheat to enhance broad-spectrum disease resistance. This review lays an important foundation for further analyzing the molecular mechanism of SAR and genetically improving broad-spectrum disease resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Chuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinbo Sun
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Manli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Longsaward R, Viboonjun U. Genome-wide identification of rubber tree pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) proteins with biological relevance to plant defense. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1072. [PMID: 38212354 PMCID: PMC10784482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related 10 (PR-10) is a group of small intracellular proteins that is one of 17 subclasses of pathogenesis-related proteins in plants. The PR-10 proteins have been studied extensively and are well-recognized for their contribution to host defense against phytopathogens in several plant species. Interestingly, the accumulation of PR-10 proteins in the rubber tree, one of the most economically important crops worldwide, after being infected by pathogenic organisms has only recently been reported. In this study, the homologous proteins of the PR-10 family were systemically identified from the recently available rubber tree genomes in the NCBI database. The sequence compositions, structural characteristics, protein physical properties, and phylogenetic relationships of identified PR-10 proteins in rubber trees support their classification into subgroups, which mainly consist of Pru ar 1-like major allergens and major latex-like (MLP) proteins. The rubber tree PR10-encoding genes were majorly clustered on chromosome 15. The potential roles of rubber tree PR-10 proteins are discussed based on previous reports. The homologous proteins in the PR-10 family were identified in the recent genomes of rubber trees and were shown to be crucial in host responses to biotic challenges. The genome-wide identification conducted here will accelerate the future study of rubber tree PR-10 proteins. A better understanding of these defense-related proteins may contribute to alternative ways of developing rubber tree clones with desirable traits in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawit Longsaward
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Zeindl R, Franzmann AL, Fernández-Quintero ML, Seidler CA, Hoerschinger VJ, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. Structural Basis of the Immunological Cross-Reactivity between Kiwi and Birch Pollen. Foods 2023; 12:3939. [PMID: 37959058 PMCID: PMC10649968 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergies related to kiwi consumption have become a growing health concern, with their prevalence on the rise. Many of these allergic reactions are attributed to cross-reactivity, particularly with the major allergen found in birch pollen. This cross-reactivity is associated with proteins belonging to the pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) protein family. In our study, we determined the three-dimensional structures of the two PR-10 proteins in gold and green kiwi fruits, Act c 8 and Act d 8, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of both kiwi proteins closely resemble the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, providing a molecular explanation for the observed immunological cross-reactivity between kiwi and birch pollen. Compared to Act d 11, however, a kiwi allergen that shares the same architecture as PR-10 proteins, structural differences are apparent. Moreover, despite both Act c 8 and Act d 8 containing multiple cysteine residues, no disulfide bridges are present within their structures. Instead, all the cysteines are accessible on the protein's surface and exposed to the surrounding solvent, where they are available for reactions with components of the natural food matrix. This structural characteristic sets Act c 8 and Act d 8 apart from other kiwi proteins with a high cysteine content. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pyrogallol, the most abundant phenolic compound found in kiwi, binds into the internal cavities of these two proteins, albeit with low affinity. Our research offers a foundation for further studies aimed at understanding allergic reactions associated with this fruit and exploring how interactions with the natural food matrix might be employed to enhance food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Zeindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.Z.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Annika L. Franzmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.Z.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Monica L. Fernández-Quintero
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.F.-Q.); (C.A.S.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Clarissa A. Seidler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.F.-Q.); (C.A.S.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Valentin J. Hoerschinger
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.F.-Q.); (C.A.S.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.F.-Q.); (C.A.S.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (R.Z.); (A.L.F.)
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Kaeswurm JAH, Neuwald DA, Straub LV, Buchweitz M. Impact of Cultivation and Storage Conditions on Total Mal d 1 Content and Isoallergen Profile in Apples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12975-12985. [PMID: 37625125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The allergen Mal d 1 is often responsible for adverse allergic reactions to fresh apples in northern and central Europe. The Mal d 1 content and isoallergen profile are proposed to have an impact on the allergenic potential of the fruit. Therefore, we investigated the impact of the cropping system on the Mal d 1 content and the isoallergen profile of apples by mass spectrometry for the varieties 'Jonagored' and 'Topaz'. To monitor the impact of storage time and conditions, apples of the varieties 'Santana' and 'Jonagold' were stored for up to 12 weeks under regular air (RA), under RA in combination with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, and under a controlled atmosphere (CA). The impact of the cropping system (integrated production vs organic production) was negligible. However, a significant increase in the Mal d 1 content during storage was observed, being higher when stored under CA conditions than under RA conditions. An additional treatment with 1-MCP prior to RA storage drastically reduced the level of Mal d 1 expression in the flesh of the apples by ∼50%. Furthermore, the content of isoallergens 1.03 and 1.06 increased disproportionately under CA conditions, while under RA conditions, only isoallergen 1.06 was affected. With the 1-MCP treatment, no changes in the isoallergen profile were obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A H Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel A Neuwald
- Lake of Constance Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (KOB), Schuhmacherhof 6, 88213 Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Leonie V Straub
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Lake of Constance Research Centre for Fruit Cultivation (KOB), Schuhmacherhof 6, 88213 Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Breiteneder H, Kraft D. The History and Science of the Major Birch Pollen Allergen Bet v 1. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1151. [PMID: 37509186 PMCID: PMC10377203 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The term allergy was coined in 1906 by the Austrian scientist and pediatrician Clemens Freiherr von Pirquet. In 1976, Dietrich Kraft became the head of the Allergy and Immunology Research Group at the Department of General and Experimental Pathology of the University of Vienna. In 1983, Kraft proposed to replace natural extracts used in allergy diagnostic tests and vaccines with recombinant allergen molecules and persuaded Michael Breitenbach to contribute his expertise in molecular cloning as one of the mentors of this project. Thus, the foundation for the Vienna School of Molecular Allergology was laid. With the recruitment of Heimo Breiteneder as a young molecular biology researcher, the work began in earnest, resulting in the publication of the cloning of the first plant allergen Bet v 1 in 1989. Bet v 1 has become the subject of a very large number of basic scientific as well as clinical studies. Bet v 1 is also the founding member of the large Bet v 1-like superfamily of proteins with members-based on the ancient conserved Bet v 1 fold-being present in all three domains of life, i.e., archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. This suggests that the Bet v 1 fold most likely already existed in the last universal common ancestor. The biological function of this protein was probably related to lipid binding. However, during evolution, a functional diversity within the Bet v 1-like superfamily was established. The superfamily comprises 25 families, one of which is the Bet v 1 family, which in turn is composed of 11 subfamilies. One of these, the PR-10-like subfamily of proteins, contains almost all of the Bet v 1 homologous allergens from pollen and plant foods. Structural and functional comparisons of Bet v 1 and its non-allergenic homologs of the superfamily will pave the way for a deeper understanding of the allergic sensitization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Breiteneder
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietrich Kraft
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wenger M, Grosse-Kathoefer S, Kraiem A, Pelamatti E, Nunes N, Pointner L, Aglas L. When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1204025. [PMID: 37426425 PMCID: PMC10325731 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1204025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors of the human immune system are specialized pathogen detectors able to link innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands include among others bacteria-, mycoplasma- or virus-derived compounds such as lipids, lipo- and glycoproteins and nucleic acids. Not only are genetic variations in TLR-related genes associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, their expression also differs between allergic and non-allergic individuals. Due to a complex interplay of genes, environmental factors, and allergen sources the interpretation of TLRs involved in immunoglobulin E-mediated diseases remains challenging. Therefore, it is imperative to dissect the role of TLRs in allergies. In this review, we discuss i) the expression of TLRs in organs and cell types involved in the allergic immune response, ii) their involvement in modulating allergy-associated or -protective immune responses, and iii) how differential activation of TLRs by environmental factors, such as microbial, viral or air pollutant exposure, results in allergy development. However, we focus on iv) allergen sources interacting with TLRs, and v) how targeting TLRs could be employed in novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding the contributions of TLRs to allergy development allow the identification of knowledge gaps, provide guidance for ongoing research efforts, and built the foundation for future exploitation of TLRs in vaccine design.
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Dos Santos C, Franco OL. Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112226. [PMID: 37299204 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant defense depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as defense mechanisms. These mechanisms involve a complex signaling network linking structural and biochemical defense. Antimicrobial and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- and intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR proteins are present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face a pathogen, these PRs can increase in abundance, acting as the first line of plant defense. Thus, PRs play a key role in early defense events, which can reduce the damage and mortality caused by pathogens. In this context, the present review will discuss defense response proteins, which have been identified as PRs, with enzymatic action, including constitutive enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase and ribonucleases. From the technological perspective, we discuss the advances of the last decade applied to the study of these enzymes, which are important in the early events of higher plant defense against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Dos Santos
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília 71966-700, Brazil
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Feng Y, Ren Y, Zhang H, Heng Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Halostachys caspica pathogenesis-related protein 10 acts as a cytokinin reservoir to regulate plant growth and development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116985. [PMID: 37180382 PMCID: PMC10169677 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) proteins play a role in plant growth and development, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we isolated a salt-induced PR-10 gene from the halophyte Halostachys caspica and named it HcPR10. HcPR10 was constitutively expressed during development and HcPR10 localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. HcPR10-mediated phenotypes including bolting, earlier flowering, increased branch number and siliques per plant are highly correlated with increased cytokinin levels in transgenic Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, increased levels of cytokinin in plants is temporally correlated with HcPR10 expression patterns. Although the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes validated was not upregulated, cytokinin-related genes including chloroplast-related genes, cytokinin metabolism and cytokinin responses genes and flowering-related genes were significantly upregulated in the transgenic Arabidopsis compared to the wild type by transcriptome deep sequencing. Analysis of the crystal structure of HcPR10 revealed a trans-zeatin riboside (a type of cytokinin) located deep in its cavity, with a conserved conformation and protein-ligand interactions, supporting HcRP10 acts as a cytokinin reservoir. Moreover, HcPR10 in Halostachys caspica predominantly accumulated in vascular tissue, the site of long-distance translocation of plant hormones. Collectively, we draw that HcPR10 as a cytokinin reservoir induces cytokinin-related signal transduction in plants, thereby promoting plant growth and development. These findings could provide intriguing insights into the role of HcPR10 proteins in phytohormone regulation in plants and advance our understanding of cytokinin-mediated plant development and could facilitate the breeding of transgenic crops with earlier mature, higher yielding agronomic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Feng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanpeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Youqiang Heng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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12
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Longsaward R, Pengnoo A, Kongsawadworakul P, Viboonjun U. A novel rubber tree PR-10 protein involved in host-defense response against the white root rot fungus Rigidoporus microporus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 36944945 PMCID: PMC10032002 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White root rot disease in rubber trees, caused by the pathogenic fungi Rigidoporus microporus, is currently considered a major problem in rubber tree plantations worldwide. Only a few reports have mentioned the response of rubber trees occurring at the non-infection sites, which is crucial for the disease understanding and protecting the yield losses. RESULTS Through a comparative proteomic study using the two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) technique, the present study reveals some distal-responsive proteins in rubber tree leaves during the plant-fungal pathogen interaction. From a total of 12 selected differentially expressed protein spots, several defense-related proteins such as molecular chaperones and ROS-detoxifying enzymes were identified. The expression of 6 candidate proteins was investigated at the transcript level by Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In silico, a highly-expressed uncharacterized protein LOC110648447 found in rubber trees was predicted to be a protein in the pathogenesis-related protein 10 (PR-10) class. In silico promoter analysis and structural-related characterization of this novel PR-10 protein suggest that it plays a potential role in defending rubber trees against R. microporus infection. The promoter contains WRKY-, MYB-, and other defense-related cis-acting elements. The structural model of the novel PR-10 protein predicted by I-TASSER showed a topology of the Bet v 1 protein family, including a conserved active site and a ligand-binding hydrophobic cavity. CONCLUSIONS A novel protein in the PR-10 group increased sharply in rubber tree leaves during interaction with the white root rot pathogen, potentially contributing to host defense. The results of this study provide information useful for white root rot disease management of rubber trees in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawit Longsaward
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ashara Pengnoo
- Agricultural Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Natural Biological Control Research Center, National Research Council of Thailand, 196 Phahonyothin Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Panida Kongsawadworakul
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Unchera Viboonjun
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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13
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Dramburg S, Hilger C, Santos AF, de Las Vecillas L, Aalberse RC, Acevedo N, Aglas L, Altmann F, Arruda KL, Asero R, Ballmer-Weber B, Barber D, Beyer K, Biedermann T, Bilo MB, Blank S, Bosshard PP, Breiteneder H, Brough HA, Bublin M, Campbell D, Caraballo L, Caubet JC, Celi G, Chapman MD, Chruszcz M, Custovic A, Czolk R, Davies J, Douladiris N, Eberlein B, Ebisawa M, Ehlers A, Eigenmann P, Gadermaier G, Giovannini M, Gomez F, Grohman R, Guillet C, Hafner C, Hamilton RG, Hauser M, Hawranek T, Hoffmann HJ, Holzhauser T, Iizuka T, Jacquet A, Jakob T, Janssen-Weets B, Jappe U, Jutel M, Kalic T, Kamath S, Kespohl S, Kleine-Tebbe J, Knol E, Knulst A, Konradsen JR, Korošec P, Kuehn A, Lack G, Le TM, Lopata A, Luengo O, Mäkelä M, Marra AM, Mills C, Morisset M, Muraro A, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Nugraha R, Ollert M, Palosuo K, Pastorello EA, Patil SU, Platts-Mills T, Pomés A, Poncet P, Potapova E, Poulsen LK, Radauer C, Radulovic S, Raulf M, Rougé P, Sastre J, Sato S, Scala E, Schmid JM, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schrama D, Sénéchal H, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Valverde-Monge M, van Hage M, van Ree R, Verhoeckx K, Vieths S, Wickman M, Zakzuk J, Matricardi PM, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34 Suppl 28:e13854. [PMID: 37186333 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding the immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis and management depend strongly on the precise identification of the elicitors of the IgE-mediated allergic reaction. In the past four decades, innovations in bioscience and technology have facilitated the identification and production of well-defined, highly pure molecules for component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), allowing a personalized diagnosis and management of the allergic disease for individual patients. The first edition of the "EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide" (MAUG) in 2016 rapidly became a key reference for clinicians, scientists, and interested readers with a background in allergology, immunology, biology, and medicine. Nevertheless, the field of molecular allergology is moving fast, and after 6 years, a new EAACI Taskforce was established to provide an updated document. The Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0 summarizes state-of-the-art information on allergen molecules, their clinical relevance, and their application in diagnostic algorithms for clinical practice. It is designed for both, clinicians and scientists, guiding health care professionals through the overwhelming list of different allergen molecules available for testing. Further, it provides diagnostic algorithms on the clinical relevance of allergenic molecules and gives an overview of their biology, the basic mechanisms of test formats, and the application of tests to measure allergen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rob C Aalberse
- Sanquin Research, Dept Immunopathology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla L Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Asero
- Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Nemesio Diez (IMMAND), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Beatrice Bilo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Allergy Unit Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Torrette, Italy
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dianne Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Jean Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Celi
- Centro DH Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica ASST- MANTOVA (MN), Mantova, Italy
| | | | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Adnan Custovic
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Czolk
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Janet Davies
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Emergency Operations Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Anna Ehlers
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy Unit IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Spanish Network for Allergy research RETIC ARADyAL, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rebecca Grohman
- NYU Langone Health, Department of Internal Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carole Guillet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Hawranek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Jürgen Hoffmann
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tomona Iizuka
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Alain Jacquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Bente Janssen-Weets
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Dept. of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tanja Kalic
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Poelten, Austria
| | - Sandip Kamath
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sabine Kespohl
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
- Allergy & Asthma Center Westend, Outpatient Clinic and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward Knol
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - André Knulst
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jon R Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Korošec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annette Kuehn
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Lopata
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Luengo
- RETIC ARADyAL and RICORS Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Section, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mika Mäkelä
- Division of Allergy, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Pediatric Department, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre, Department of Woman and Child Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roni Nugraha
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Aquatic Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kati Palosuo
- Department of Allergology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sarita Ulhas Patil
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Platts-Mills
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Pascal Poncet
- Institut Pasteur, Immunology Department, Paris, France
- Allergy & Environment Research Team Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Raulf
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr- Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, Toulouse, France
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sakura Sato
- Allergy Department, 2nd Paediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Scala
- Clinical and Laboratory Molecular Allergy Unit - IDI- IRCCS, Fondazione L M Monti Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Johannes M Schmid
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denise Schrama
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hélène Sénéchal
- Allergy & Environment Research Team Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Verhoeckx
- Department of Immunology and Dermatology/ Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, Colombia
| | - Paolo M Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Melnikova DN, Finkina EI, Bogdanov IV, Tagaev AA, Ovchinnikova TV. Features and Possible Applications of Plant Lipid-Binding and Transfer Proteins. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:2. [PMID: 36676809 PMCID: PMC9866449 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In plants, lipid trafficking within and inside the cell is carried out by lipid-binding and transfer proteins. Ligands for these proteins are building and signaling lipid molecules, secondary metabolites with different biological activities due to which they perform diverse functions in plants. Many different classes of such lipid-binding and transfer proteins have been found, but the most common and represented in plants are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) proteins, acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs), and puroindolines (PINs). A low degree of amino acid sequence homology but similar spatial structures containing an internal hydrophobic cavity are common features of these classes of proteins. In this review, we summarize the latest known data on the features of these protein classes with particular focus on their ability to bind and transfer lipid ligands. We analyzed the structural features of these proteins, the diversity of their possible ligands, the key amino acids participating in ligand binding, the currently known mechanisms of ligand binding and transferring, as well as prospects for possible application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N. Melnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Tagaev
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin & Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
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15
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Ahammer L, Unterhauser J, Eidelpes R, Meisenbichler C, Nothegger B, Covaciu CE, Cova V, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Breuker K, Eisendle K, Reider N, Letschka T, Tollinger M. Ascorbylation of a Reactive Cysteine in the Major Apple Allergen Mal d 1. Foods 2022; 11:2953. [PMID: 36230029 PMCID: PMC9562000 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein Mal d 1 is responsible for most allergic reactions to apples (Malus domestica) in the northern hemisphere. Mal d 1 contains a cysteine residue on its surface, with its reactive side chain thiol exposed to the surrounding food matrix. We show that, in vitro, this cysteine residue is prone to spontaneous chemical modification by ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Using NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we characterize the chemical structure of the cysteine adduct and provide a three-dimensional structural model of the modified apple allergen. The S-ascorbylated cysteine partially masks a major IgE antibody binding site on the surface of Mal d 1, which attenuates IgE binding in sera of apple-allergic patients. Our results illustrate, from a structural perspective, the role that chemical modifications of allergens with components of the natural food matrix can play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ahammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Meisenbichler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Nothegger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia E. Covaciu
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Valentina Cova
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Breuker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Central Teaching Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Norbert Reider
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Letschka
- Department of Applied Genomics and Molecular Biology, Laimburg Research Centre, 39040 Auer, Italy
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Rahimi RA, Sokol CL. Functional Recognition Theory and Type 2 Immunity: Insights and Uncertainties. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:569-580. [PMID: 35926975 PMCID: PMC9897289 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immunity plays an important role in host defense against helminths and toxins while driving allergic diseases. Despite progress in understanding the biology of type 2 immunity, the fundamental mechanisms regulating the type 2 immune module remain unclear. In contrast with structural recognition used by pattern recognition receptors, type 2 immunogens are sensed through their functional properties. Functional recognition theory has arisen as the paradigm for the initiation of type 2 immunity. However, the vast array of structurally unrelated type 2 immunogens makes it challenging to advance our understanding of type 2 immunity. In this article, we review functional recognition theory and organize type 2 immunogens into distinct classes based on how they fit into the concept of functional recognition. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty in functional recognition theory with the goal of providing a framework to further define the logic of type 2 immunity in host protection and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod A Rahimi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Caroline L Sokol
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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17
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Führer S, Unterhauser J, Zeindl R, Eidelpes R, Fernández-Quintero ML, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. The Structural Flexibility of PR-10 Food Allergens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158252. [PMID: 35897827 PMCID: PMC9330593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PR-10 proteins constitute a major cause of food allergic reactions. Birch-pollen-related food allergies are triggered by the immunologic cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies with structurally homologous PR-10 proteins that are present in birch pollen and various food sources. While the three-dimensional structures of PR-10 food allergens have been characterized in detail, only a few experimental studies have addressed the structural flexibility of these proteins. In this study, we analyze the millisecond-timescale structural flexibility of thirteen PR-10 proteins from prevalent plant food sources by NMR relaxation-dispersion spectroscopy, in a comparative manner. We show that all the allergens in this study have inherently flexible protein backbones in solution, yet the extent of the structural flexibility appears to be strikingly protein-specific (but not food-source-specific). Above-average flexibility is present in the two short helices, α1 and α2, which form a V-shaped support for the long C-terminal helix α3, and shape the internal ligand-binding cavity, which is characteristic for PR-10 proteins. An in-depth analysis of the NMR relaxation-dispersion data for the PR-10 allergen from peanut reveals the presence of at least two subglobal conformational transitions on the millisecond timescale, which may be related to the release of bound low-molecular-weight ligands from the internal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Führer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.F.); (J.U.); (R.Z.); (R.E.)
| | - Jana Unterhauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.F.); (J.U.); (R.Z.); (R.E.)
| | - Ricarda Zeindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.F.); (J.U.); (R.Z.); (R.E.)
| | - Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.F.); (J.U.); (R.Z.); (R.E.)
| | - Monica L. Fernández-Quintero
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.F.-Q.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.L.F.-Q.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.F.); (J.U.); (R.Z.); (R.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-57730
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18
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Guryanova SV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Bohle B, Ovchinnikova TV. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900533. [PMID: 35782860 PMCID: PMC9245541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova,
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19
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Fluorescence signal of proteins in birch pollen distorted within its native matrix: Identification of the fluorescence suppressor quercetin-3-O-sophoroside. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7531-7542. [PMID: 35551432 PMCID: PMC9482913 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The properties of biogenic aerosol strongly depend on the particle’s proteinaceous compounds. Proteins from primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can cause allergic reactions in the human respiratory system or act as ice and condensation nuclei in clouds. Consequently, these particles have high impact on human health and climate. The detection of biogenic aerosol is commonly performed with fluorescence-based techniques. However, many PBAPs (i.e., pollen of birch, mugwort, or ragweed) show weak or rather low fluorescence signals in the particular protein region (λex ~ 255–280 nm, λem ~ 280–350 nm). We hypothesize that the fluorescence signal of proteins present in birch pollen is being distorted within its native matrix. In this study, we conducted in vitro quenching experiments and employed UV/Vis spectroscopy, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), liquid chromatography (LC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), and multistage MS (MS2 and MS3) to target major components in birch pollen washing water (BPWW) possibly quenching the fluorescence activity of proteins and thus explaining the lack of corresponding protein fluorescent signals. We identified quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (Q3OS, MW 626 g mol−1) to be the main UV/Vis absorbing component in BPWW. Our results point out that Q3OS suppresses the fluorescence of proteins in our samples predominantly due to inner filter effects. In general, when applying fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze and detect PBAPs in the laboratory or the atmosphere, it is important to critically scrutinize the obtained spectra.
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20
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Roth-Walter F. Iron-Deficiency in Atopic Diseases: Innate Immune Priming by Allergens and Siderophores. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:859922. [PMID: 35769558 PMCID: PMC9234869 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.859922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although iron is one of the most abundant elements on earth, about a third of the world's population are affected by iron deficiency. Main drivers of iron deficiency are beside the chronic lack of dietary iron, a hampered uptake machinery as a result of immune activation. Macrophages are the principal cells distributing iron in the human body with their iron restriction skewing these cells to a more pro-inflammatory state. Consequently, iron deficiency has a pronounced impact on immune cells, favoring Th2-cell survival, immunoglobulin class switching and primes mast cells for degranulation. Iron deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of atopic diseases in children, while both children and adults with allergy are more likely to have anemia. In contrast, an improved iron status seems to protect against allergy development. Here, the most important interconnections between iron metabolism and allergies, the effect of iron deprivation on distinct immune cell types, as well as the pathophysiology in atopic diseases are summarized. Although the main focus will be humans, we also compare them with innate defense and iron sequestration strategies of microbes, given, particularly, attention to catechol-siderophores. Similarly, the defense and nutritional strategies in plants with their inducible systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid, which further leads to synthesis of flavonoids as well as pathogenesis-related proteins, will be elaborated as both are very important for understanding the etiology of allergic diseases. Many allergens, such as lipocalins and the pathogenesis-related proteins, are able to bind iron and either deprive or supply iron to immune cells. Thus, a locally induced iron deficiency will result in immune activation and allergic sensitization. However, the same proteins such as the whey protein beta-lactoglobulin can also transport this precious micronutrient to the host immune cells (holoBLG) and hinder their activation, promoting tolerance and protecting against allergy. Since 2019, several clinical trials have also been conducted in allergic subjects using holoBLG as a food for special medical purposes, leading to a reduction in the allergic symptom burden. Supplementation with nutrient-carrying lipocalin proteins can circumvent the mucosal block and nourish selectively immune cells, therefore representing a new dietary and causative approach to compensate for functional iron deficiency in allergy sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Franziska Roth-Walter ;
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21
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Chebib S, Schwab W. Microscale Thermophoresis Reveals Oxidized Glutathione as High-Affinity Ligand of Mal d 1. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112771. [PMID: 34829051 PMCID: PMC8618550 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR)-10 proteins, due to their particular secondary structure, can bind various ligands which could be important for their biological function. Accordingly, the PR-10 protein Mal d 1, the major apple allergen, probably also binds molecules in the hydrophobic cavity of its secondary structure, but it has not yet been investigated in this respect. In this study, various natural products found in apples such as flavonoids, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were investigated as possible ligands of Mal d 1 using microscale thermophoresis. Dissociation constants of 16.39 µM, 29.51 µM, 35.79 µM, and 0.157 µM were determined for catechin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, GSH, and GSSG, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to better understand the underlying binding mechanism and revealed hydrophobic interactions that stabilize the ligands within the pocket while hydrophilic interactions determine the binding of both GSH derivatives. The binding of these ligands could be important for the allergenicity of the PR-10 protein and provide further insights into its physiological role.
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22
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Sudharson S, Kalic T, Hafner C, Breiteneder H. Newly defined allergens in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database during 01/2019-03/2021. Allergy 2021; 76:3359-3373. [PMID: 34310736 PMCID: PMC9290965 DOI: 10.1111/all.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database (http://allergen.org) provides up‐to‐date expert‐reviewed data on newly discovered allergens and their unambiguous nomenclature to allergen researchers worldwide. This review discusses the 106 allergens that were accepted by the Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee between 01/2019 and 03/2021. Information about protein family membership, patient cohorts, and assays used for allergen characterization is summarized. A first allergenic fungal triosephosphate isomerase, Asp t 36, was discovered in Aspergillus terreus. Plant allergens contained 1 contact, 38 respiratory, and 16 food allergens. Can s 4 from Indian hemp was identified as the first allergenic oxygen‐evolving enhancer protein 2 and Cic a 1 from chickpeas as the first allergenic group 4 late embryogenesis abundant protein. Among the animal allergens were 19 respiratory, 28 food, and 3 venom allergens. Important discoveries include Rap v 2, an allergenic paramyosin in molluscs, and Sal s 4 and Pan h 4, allergenic fish tropomyosins. Paramyosins and tropomyosins were previously known mainly as arthropod allergens. Collagens from barramundi, Lat c 6, and salmon, Sal s 6, were the first members from the collagen superfamily added to the database. In summary, the addition of 106 new allergens to the previously listed 930 allergens reflects the continuous linear growth of the allergen database. In addition, 17 newly described allergen sources were included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi Sudharson
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences St. Poelten Austria
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Tanja Kalic
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences St. Poelten Austria
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital St. Poelten Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences St. Poelten Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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23
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Chruszcz M, Chew FT, Hoffmann‐Sommergruber K, Hurlburt BK, Mueller GA, Pomés A, Rouvinen J, Villalba M, Wöhrl BM, Breiteneder H. Allergens and their associated small molecule ligands-their dual role in sensitization. Allergy 2021; 76:2367-2382. [PMID: 33866585 PMCID: PMC8286345 DOI: 10.1111/all.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many allergens feature hydrophobic cavities that allow the binding of primarily hydrophobic small‐molecule ligands. Ligand‐binding specificities can be strict or promiscuous. Serum albumins from mammals and birds can assume multiple conformations that facilitate the binding of a broad spectrum of compounds. Pollen and plant food allergens of the family 10 of pathogenesis‐related proteins bind a variety of small molecules such as glycosylated flavonoid derivatives, flavonoids, cytokinins, and steroids in vitro. However, their natural ligand binding was reported to be highly specific. Insect and mammalian lipocalins transport odorants, pheromones, catecholamines, and fatty acids with a similar level of specificity, while the food allergen β‐lactoglobulin from cow's milk is notably more promiscuous. Non‐specific lipid transfer proteins from pollen and plant foods bind a wide variety of lipids, from phospholipids to fatty acids, as well as sterols and prostaglandin B2, aided by the high plasticity and flexibility displayed by their lipid‐binding cavities. Ligands increase the stability of allergens to thermal and/or proteolytic degradation. They can also act as immunomodulatory agents that favor a Th2 polarization. In summary, ligand‐binding allergens expose the immune system to a variety of biologically active compounds whose impact on the sensitization process has not been well studied thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Karin Hoffmann‐Sommergruber
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Barry K. Hurlburt
- Agricultural Research Service Southern Regional Research Center US Department of Agriculture New Orleans LA USA
| | - Geoffrey A. Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health Research Triangle Park NC USA
| | - Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc. Charlottesville VA USA
| | - Juha Rouvinen
- Department of Chemistry University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Mayte Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Division of Medical Biotechnology Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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24
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Eidelpes R, Hofer F, Röck M, Führer S, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. Structure and Zeatin Binding of the Peach Allergen Pru p 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8120-8129. [PMID: 34260238 PMCID: PMC8323099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica) is among the fruits most frequently reported to cause food allergies. Allergic reactions commonly result from previous sensitization to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, followed by immunological cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies to structurally related proteins in peach. In this study, we present the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of the cross-reactive peach allergen Pru p 1 (isoform Pru p 1.0101). This 17.5 kDa protein adopts the canonical Bet v 1 fold, composed of a seven-stranded β-sheet and three α-helices enclosing an internal cavity. In Pru p 1, the inner surface of the cavity contains an array of hydroxyl-bearing amino acids surrounded by a hydrophobic patch, constituting a docking site for amphiphilic molecules. NMR-guided docking of the cytokinin molecule zeatin to the internal cavity of Pru p 1 provides a structure-based rationale for the effect that zeatin binding has on the protein's RNase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Röck
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Führer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Sophia Kamenik
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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