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Augoustides JG. Commentary: Ascending aortic aneurysms: A marker for freedom from atherosclerosis and a milestone in our understanding. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 163:e133-e134. [PMID: 34688486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G Augoustides
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Khashkhusha A, Munir W, Bashir M, Idhrees M. Thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms: exploring their contrast and genetic associations. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 62:211-219. [PMID: 33565748 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.21.11810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Until recently thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) were correlated with atherosclerosis but following a range of cohort studies, a linkage proved unlikely. Instead, data from the Genome wide association study detected two common significantly correlated lncRNA loci: miRNA and the antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL). lncRNAs are sometimes utilized by the body as transcription regulators and signaling molecules. This is crucial in cell transformation and embryology, including that of the mammalian heart. ANRIL, a 19 exon RNA sequence found in the chromosome 9p21 region, will be one of the main focuses of this paper. TAA and AAA have many differences due to their vessel walls but similarities in their gross anatomic structure prove a genetic correlated disease likely. ANRIL has a convincing potential to be used as an additive therapeutic tool in TAA and AAA. This is because Chr9p21 is independent of typical risk factors. However, it remains that further research and clinical studies are required before clinical translation. It is best to consider TAA and AAA separately as the underlying pathophysiology has some distinct differences. They are both commonly diagnosed late, and the hope is that genetic mutations (ANRIL) can act as a biomarker for a faster diagnosis, management and possible treatment alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wahaj Munir
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mohamad Bashir
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, UK -
| | - Mohammed Idhrees
- Institute of Cardiac and Aortic Disorders, SRM Institutes for Medical Science (SIMS Hospitals), Chennai, India
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Gurung R, Choong AM, Woo CC, Foo R, Sorokin V. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176334. [PMID: 32878347 PMCID: PMC7504666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the localized dilatation of the infra-renal aorta, in which the diameter exceeds 3.0 cm. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis and contribute to the progressive thinning of the media and adventitia of the aortic wall. With increasing AAA diameter, and left untreated, aortic rupture ensues with high mortality. Collective evidence of recent genetic and epigenetic studies has shown that phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) towards dedifferentiation and proliferative state, which associate with the ECM remodeling of the vascular wall and accompanied with increased cell senescence and inflammation, is seen in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. This review critically analyses existing publications on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the complex role of SMCs within the aortic wall in AAA formation and reflects the importance of SMCs plasticity in AAA formation. Although evidence from the wide variety of mouse models is convincing, how this knowledge is applied to human biology needs to be addressed urgently leveraging modern in vitro and in vivo experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Gurung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrew Mark Choong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
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Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are a common vascular disease in Western populations that can involve virtually any portion of the aorta. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are much more common than thoracic aortic aneurysms and combined they account for >25 000 deaths in the United States annually. Although thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms share some common characteristics, including the gross anatomic appearance, alterations in extracellular matrix, and loss of smooth muscle cells, they are distinct diseases. In recent years, advances in genetic analysis, robust molecular tools, and increased availability of animal models have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms. This review examines the various proposed cellular mechanisms responsible for aortic aneurysm formation and identifies opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Alain Quintana
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.A.Q., W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - W Robert Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (R.A.Q., W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology (W.R.T.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.,Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA (W.R.T.)
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Regulation of PDE5 expression in human aorta and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12206. [PMID: 31434939 PMCID: PMC6704119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysms and dissections affecting thoracic aorta are associated with smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction. NO/cGMP signaling pathway in smooth muscle cells has been shown to be affected in sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysms. We analyzed the mRNA levels of PDE5, a cGMP-hydrolyzing enzyme highly expressed in aortic SMCs, that regulates arterious vascular tone by lowering cGMP levels. We found that aortic tissue obtained from Marfan, tricuspid and bicuspid thoracic aneurysms expressed lower levels of PDE5 mRNA compared to control aortas. In particular, we found that affected aortas showed lower levels of all the PDE5A isoforms, compared to control aortas. Transfection of vascular SMCs (VSMCs) with NOTCH3 activated domain (NICD3) induced the expression of PDE5A1 and A3 protein isoforms, but not that of the corresponding mRNAs. VSMC stimulation with GSNO, a nitric oxide analogue or with 8-br-cGMP, but not with 8-br-cAMP, up-regulated PDE5 and NOTCH-3 protein levels, indicating a negative feedback loop to protect the arterial wall from excessive relaxation. Finally, we found that PDE5 is expressed early during human aorta development, suggesting that if loss of function mutations of PDE5 occur, they might potentially affect aortic wall development.
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Campobasso R, Condemi F, Viallon M, Croisille P, Campisi S, Avril S. Evaluation of Peak Wall Stress in an Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Using FSI Simulations: Effects of Aortic Stiffness and Peripheral Resistance. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2018; 9:707-722. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-018-00385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Shen M, Hu M, Fedak PWM, Oudit GY, Kassiri Z. Cell-Specific Functions of ADAM17 Regulate the Progression of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2018; 123:372-388. [PMID: 29930147 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17) is a membrane-bound enzyme that regulates bioavailability of multiple transmembrane proteins by proteolytic processing. ADAM17 has been linked to several pathologies, but its role in thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has not been determined. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the cell-specific functions of vascular ADAM17 in the pathogenesis and progression of TAA. METHODS AND RESULTS In aneurysmal thoracic aorta from patients, ADAM17 was increased in tunica media and intima. To determine the function of ADAM17 in the major cells types within these regions, we generated mice lacking ADAM17 in smooth muscle cells (SMC; Adam17f/f/Sm22Cre/+ ) or endothelial cells (Adam17f/f/Tie2Cre/+ ). ADAM17 deficiency in either cell type was sufficient to suppress TAA dilation markedly and adverse remodeling in males and females (in vivo) although through different mechanisms. ADAM17 deficiency in SMCs prevented the contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic switching in these cells after TAA induction, preventing perivascular fibrosis, inflammation, and adverse aortic remodeling. Loss of ADAM17 in endothelial cells protected the integrity of the intimal barrier by preserving the adherens junction (vascular endothelial-cadherin) and tight junctions (junctional adhesion molecule-A and claudin). In vitro studies on primary mouse thoracic SMCs and human primary aortic SMCs and endothelial cells (±ADAM17 small interfering RNA) confirmed the cell-specific functions of ADAM17 and demonstrated the cross-species validity of these findings. To determine the impact of ADAM17 inhibition in treating TAA, we used an ADAM17-selective inhibitor (PF-548) before or 3 days after TAA induction. In both cases, ADAM17 inhibition prevented progression of aneurysmal growth. CONCLUSIONS We have identified distinct cell-specific functions of ADAM17 in TAA progression, promoting pathological remodeling of SMC and impairing integrity of the intimal endothelial cell barrier. The dual impact of ADAM17 deficiency (or inhibition) in protecting 2 major cell types in the aortic wall highlights the unique position of this proteinase as a critical treatment target for TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Shen
- From the Department of Physiology (M.S., M.H., Z.K.).,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (M.S., M.H., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Mei Hu
- From the Department of Physiology (M.S., M.H., Z.K.).,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (M.S., M.H., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Canada (P.W.M.F.).,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.W.M.F.)
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Department of Medicine (G.Y.O.).,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (M.S., M.H., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- From the Department of Physiology (M.S., M.H., Z.K.) .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (M.S., M.H., G.Y.O., Z.K.)
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8
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Balistreri CR, Ruvolo G, Lio D, Madonna R. Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway in aorta aging and diseases: "its double nature". J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:38-53. [PMID: 28668304 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of innate immunity have revealed a complex role of innate immune signaling pathways in both tissue homeostasis and disease. Among them, the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) pathways has been linked to various pathophysiological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This has been interrogated by developing multiple laboratory tools that have shown in animal models and clinical conditions, the involvement of the TLR-4 signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of different CVDs, such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury and aorta aneurysm. Among these, aorta aneurysm, a very complex pathological condition with uncertain etiology and fatal complications (i.e. dissection and rupture), has been associated with the occurrence of high risk cardiovascular conditions, including thrombosis and embolism. In this review, we discuss the possible role of TLR-4 signaling pathway in the development of aorta aneurysm, considering the emerging evidence from ongoing investigations. Our message is that emphasizing the role of TLR-4 signaling pathway in aorta aneurysm may serve as a starting point for future studies, leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis and perhaps the effective treatment of this difficult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Lio
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Heart Failure Research, Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-Met and Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences "G. D'Annunzio" University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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9
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van 't Hof FNG, Ruigrok YM, Lee CH, Ripke S, Anderson G, de Andrade M, Baas AF, Blankensteijn JD, Böttinger EP, Bown MJ, Broderick J, Bijlenga P, Carrell DS, Crawford DC, Crosslin DR, Ebeling C, Eriksson JG, Fornage M, Foroud T, von Und Zu Fraunberg M, Friedrich CM, Gaál EI, Gottesman O, Guo DC, Harrison SC, Hernesniemi J, Hofman A, Inoue I, Jääskeläinen JE, Jones GT, Kiemeney LALM, Kivisaari R, Ko N, Koskinen S, Kubo M, Kullo IJ, Kuivaniemi H, Kurki MI, Laakso A, Lai D, Leal SM, Lehto H, LeMaire SA, Low SK, Malinowski J, McCarty CA, Milewicz DM, Mosley TH, Nakamura Y, Nakaoka H, Niemelä M, Pacheco J, Peissig PL, Pera J, Rasmussen-Torvik L, Ritchie MD, Rivadeneira F, van Rij AM, Santos-Cortez RLP, Saratzis A, Slowik A, Takahashi A, Tromp G, Uitterlinden AG, Verma SS, Vermeulen SH, Wang GT, Han B, Rinkel GJE, de Bakker PIW. Shared Genetic Risk Factors of Intracranial, Abdominal, and Thoracic Aneurysms. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002603. [PMID: 27418160 PMCID: PMC5015357 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysms (IAs), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) all have a familial predisposition. Given that aneurysm types are known to co-occur, we hypothesized that there may be shared genetic risk factors for IAs, AAAs, and TAAs. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a mega-analysis of 1000 Genomes Project-imputed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of 4 previously published aneurysm cohorts: 2 IA cohorts (in total 1516 cases, 4305 controls), 1 AAA cohort (818 cases, 3004 controls), and 1 TAA cohort (760 cases, 2212 controls), and observed associations of 4 known IA, AAA, and/or TAA risk loci (9p21, 18q11, 15q21, and 2q33) with consistent effect directions in all 4 cohorts. We calculated polygenic scores based on IA-, AAA-, and TAA-associated SNPs and tested these scores for association to case-control status in the other aneurysm cohorts; this revealed no shared polygenic effects. Similarly, linkage disequilibrium-score regression analyses did not show significant correlations between any pair of aneurysm subtypes. Last, we evaluated the evidence for 14 previously published aneurysm risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms through collaboration in extended aneurysm cohorts, with a total of 6548 cases and 16 843 controls (IA) and 4391 cases and 37 904 controls (AAA), and found nominally significant associations for IA risk locus 18q11 near RBBP8 to AAA (odds ratio [OR]=1.11; P=4.1×10(-5)) and for TAA risk locus 15q21 near FBN1 to AAA (OR=1.07; P=1.1×10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS Although there was no evidence for polygenic overlap between IAs, AAAs, and TAAs, we found nominally significant effects of two established risk loci for IAs and TAAs in AAAs. These two loci will require further replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke N G van 't Hof
- Utrecht Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ynte M Ruigrok
- Utrecht Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cue Hyunkyu Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graig Anderson
- The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Annette F Baas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D Blankensteijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin P Böttinger
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Broderick
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Philippe Bijlenga
- Hôpitaux Universitaire de Genève et Faculté de médecine de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David R Crosslin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christian Ebeling
- Fraunhofer Institut Algorithmen und Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Christoph M Friedrich
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Science and Arts, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Emília I Gaál
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Omri Gottesman
- Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai, The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Dong-Chuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX
| | - Seamus C Harrison
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Juha Hernesniemi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | | | - Gregory T Jones
- Surgery Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Riku Kivisaari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nerissa Ko
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Aki Laakso
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hanna Lehto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and the Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jennifer Malinowski
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jennifer Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Peggy L Peissig
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre M van Rij
- Surgery Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Athanasios Saratzis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Gerard Tromp
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shefali S Verma
- Center for Systems Genomics, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gao T Wang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gabriël J E Rinkel
- Utrecht Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Vianello E, Dozio E, Rigolini R, Marrocco-Trischitta MM, Tacchini L, Trimarchi S, Corsi Romanelli MM. Acute phase of aortic dissection: a pilot study on CD40L, MPO, and MMP-1, -2, 9 and TIMP-1 circulating levels in elderly patients. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:9. [PMID: 27006681 PMCID: PMC4802618 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an event which may be rapidly fatal without early diagnosis and treatment. Aging is one of the main risk factors that could leading to AAD. To date, no specific biomarkers are available to increase the speed of diagnosis. CD40 ligand (CD40L), myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -9 and metallopeptidase tissue inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) are biologically related molecules which integrate inflammation, tissue injury and remodeling, all events associated to AAD. Our is a pilot study to evaluate whether circulating levels of these molecules may be used as potential biomarkers in timely diagnosis of AAD. Results Within 24 h of symptom onset, circulating CD40L, MPO, MMP-1,-2,-9 and TIMP-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 22 patients (40–86 years of age) with AAD of ascending aorta (type A according to Stanford classification) and 11 patients with AAD of descending aorta (type B). 30 healthy individuals age matched were used as control group compared to controls, both type A and B AAD patients had higher CD40L (p < 0.001) and MPO (p < 0.01) levels. MMP-1 was higher in the overall AAD group (p < 0.01). After Stanford classification, type A group had increased level compared to both control and type B (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). TIMP-1 was higher in both A and B groups compared to controls (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions The simultaneous evaluation of CD40L, MPO and MMP-1 and TIMP-1, which may contribute to structural changes in aortic tissue in AAD patients, seems to be a novel promising diagnostic panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - R Rigolini
- Laboratory Medicine Operative Unit-1, Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| | - M M Marrocco-Trischitta
- Thoracic Aortic Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| | - L Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Trimarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy ; Thoracic Aortic Research Center, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
| | - M M Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy ; Laboratory Medicine Operative Unit-1, Clinical Pathology, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico, San Donato Milanese Milan, Italy
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11
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Kuivaniemi H, Ryer EJ, Elmore JR, Tromp G. Understanding the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 13:975-87. [PMID: 26308600 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1074861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An aortic aneurysm is a dilatation in which the aortic diameter is ≥3.0 cm. If left untreated, the aortic wall continues to weaken and becomes unable to withstand the forces of the luminal blood pressure resulting in progressive dilatation and rupture, a catastrophic event associated with a mortality of 50-80%. Smoking and positive family history are important risk factors for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Several genetic risk factors have also been identified. On the histological level, visible hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis include inflammation, smooth muscle cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation and oxidative stress. We expect that large genetic, genomic, epigenetic, proteomic and metabolomic studies will be undertaken by international consortia to identify additional risk factors and biomarkers, and to enhance our understanding of the pathobiology of AAA. Collaboration between different research groups will be important in overcoming the challenges to develop pharmacological treatments for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kuivaniemi
- a 1 Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
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12
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Balistreri CR. Genetic contribution in sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm? Emerging evidence of genetic variants related to TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway as risk determinants. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:1-10. [PMID: 26409318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy.
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13
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Gutierrez PS, Leite TNP, Mangione FM. Male gender and smoking are related to single, but not to multiple, human aortic aneurysms. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 24:290-3. [PMID: 26071928 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is scanty information concerning multiple aortic aneurysms. Thus, we verified if clinical or pathological characteristics are different in patients with multiple (two or more) aortic aneurysms in comparison with those with only one. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selected at the necropsy files of the Heart Institute, São Paulo University School of Medicine, the last 100 cases with aortic aneurysms, comparing between the two groups: sex, age, presence of systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipedemia, history of smoking habit, cause of the aneurysm, cause of death, and if the diagnosis was reached during life. Age was analysed by Mann-Whitney test, and the other variables by chi-square or Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Multiple aneurysms corresponded to 14% of cases. The proportion of women among patients with multiple aneurysms was higher than among those with single aneurysm (64.3% versus 20.9%, P<.01), even if only cases with atherosclerosis were taken into consideration (women among multiple-6/10, 60.0%; among single-14/70, 20.0%; P=.01). Smoking was less reported in cases with multiple (4/14, 28.6%) than with single aneurysm (53/86, 61.6%; P=.04); considering cases with atherosclerosis, such difference decreases (40.0% of multiple versus 68.6% of single, P=.09). CONCLUSION although atherosclerosis is present in most cases of both single and multiple aortic aneurysms, male gender and smoking, considered highly influential in such lesions, are less frequent in patients with multiple than in patients with single aneurysms. Thus mechanisms underlying multiple aortic aneurysms are probably different from those related to single, more common aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo S Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Pathology, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thiago N P Leite
- Clinical Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Mangione
- Clinical Division, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms, also called cerebral aneurysms, are dilatations in the arteries that supply blood to the brain. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm leads to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which is fatal in about 50% of the cases. Intracranial aneurysms can be repaired surgically or endovascularly, or by combining these two treatment modalities. They are relatively common with an estimated prevalence of unruptured aneurysms of 2%-6% in the adult population, and are considered a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Known risk factors include smoking, hypertension, increasing age, and positive family history for intracranial aneurysms. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms is complex. Genome-wide approaches such as DNA linkage and genetic association studies, as well as microarray-based mRNA expression studies, provide unbiased approaches to identify genetic risk factors and dissecting the molecular pathobiology of intracranial aneurysms. The ultimate goal of these studies is to use the information in clinical practice to predict an individual's risk for developing an aneurysm or monitor its growth or rupture risk. Another important goal is to design new therapies based on the information on mechanisms of disease processes to prevent the development or halt the progression of intracranial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Tromp
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System , Danville, Pennsylvania , USA
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15
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Estrelinha M, Hinterseher I, Kuivaniemi H. Gene expression studies in human abdominal aortic aneurysm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvm.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Tang T, Thompson JC, Wilson PG, Yoder MH, Müeller J, Fischer JW, Williams KJ, Tannock LR. Biglycan deficiency: increased aortic aneurysm formation and lack of atheroprotection. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 75:174-80. [PMID: 25093698 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans of the arterial wall play a critical role in vascular integrity and the development of atherosclerosis owing to their ability to organize extracellular matrix molecules and to bind and retain atherogenic apolipoprotein (apo)-B containing lipoproteins. Prior studies have suggested a role for biglycan in aneurysms and in atherosclerosis. Angiotensin II (angII) infusions into mice have been shown to induce abdominal aortic aneurysm development, increase vascular biglycan content, increase arterial retention of lipoproteins, and accelerate atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to determine the role of biglycan in angII-induced vascular diseases. Biglycan-deficient or biglycan wildtype mice crossed to LDL receptor deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice (C57BL/6 background) were infused with angII (500 or 1000ng/kg/min) or saline for 28days while fed on normal chow, then pumps were removed, and mice were switched to an atherogenic Western diet for 6weeks. During angII infusions, biglycan-deficient mice developed abdominal aortic aneurysms, unusual descending thoracic aneurysms, and a striking mortality caused by aortic rupture (76% for males and 48% for females at angII 1000ng/kg/min). Histological analyses of non-aneurysmal aortic segments from biglycan-deficient mice revealed a deficiency of dense collagen fibers and the aneurysms demonstrated conspicuous elastin breaks. AngII infusion increased subsequent atherosclerotic lesion development in both biglycan-deficient and biglycan wildtype mice. However, the biglycan genotype did not affect the atherosclerotic lesion area induced by the Western diet after treatment with angII. Biglycan-deficient mice exhibited significantly increased vascular perlecan content compared to biglycan wildtype mice. Analyses of the atherosclerotic lesions demonstrated that vascular perlecan co-localized with apoB, suggesting that increased perlecan compensated for biglycan deficiency in terms of lipoprotein retention. Biglycan deficiency increases aortic aneurysm development and is not protective against the development of atherosclerosis. Biglycan deficiency leads to loosely packed aortic collagen fibers, increased susceptibility of aortic elastin fibers to angII-induced stress, and up-regulation of vascular perlecan content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joel C Thompson
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patricia G Wilson
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Meghan H Yoder
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Julia Müeller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kevin Jon Williams
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lisa R Tannock
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Lexington, KY, USA.
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17
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Kuivaniemi H, Ryer EJ, Elmore JR, Hinterseher I, Smelser DT, Tromp G. Update on abdominal aortic aneurysm research: from clinical to genetic studies. SCIENTIFICA 2014; 2014:564734. [PMID: 24834361 PMCID: PMC4009235 DOI: 10.1155/2014/564734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the abdominal aorta with a diameter of at least 3.0 cm. AAAs are often asymptomatic and are discovered as incidental findings in imaging studies or when the AAA ruptures leading to a medical emergency. AAAs are more common in males than females, in individuals of European ancestry, and in those over 65 years of age. Smoking is the most important environmental risk factor. In addition, a positive family history of AAA increases the person's risk for AAA. Interestingly, diabetes has been shown to be a protective factor for AAA in many large studies. Hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis include inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation, and oxidative stress. Autoimmunity may also play a role in AAA development and progression. In this Outlook paper, we summarize our recent studies on AAA including clinical studies related to surgical repair of AAA and genetic risk factor and large-scale gene expression studies. We conclude with a discussion on our research projects using large data sets available through electronic medical records and biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kuivaniemi
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan J. Ryer
- Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - James R. Elmore
- Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Irene Hinterseher
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diane T. Smelser
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Tromp
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
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18
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Lynch B, Nelson J, Kavanagh EG, Walsh SR, McGloughlin TM. A Review of Methods for Determining the Long Term Behavior of Endovascular Devices. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-013-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Family history is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), suggesting that genetic factors play an important role in AAA development, growth and rupture. Identification of these factors could improve understanding of the AAA pathogenesis and be useful to identify at risk individuals. RECENT FINDINGS Many approaches are used to examine genetic determinants of AAA, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and DNA linkage studies. Two recent GWAS have identified genetic markers associated with an increased risk of AAA located within the genes for DAB2 interacting protein (DAB2IP) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). In addition, a marker on 9p21 associated with other vascular diseases is also strongly associated with AAA. The exact means by which these genes currently control AAA risk is not clear; however, in support of these findings, mice with vascular smooth muscle cell deficiency of Lrp1 are prone to aneurysm development. Further current work is concentrated on other molecular mechanisms relevant in AAA pathogenesis, including noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs. SUMMARY Current studies assessing genetic mechanisms for AAA have significant potential to identify novel mechanisms involved in AAA pathogenesis of high relevance to better clinical management of the disease.
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20
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Luukkonen TM, Pöyhönen M, Palotie A, Ellonen P, Lagström S, Lee JH, Terwilliger JD, Salonen R, Varilo T. A balanced translocation truncates Neurotrimin in a family with intracranial and thoracic aortic aneurysm. J Med Genet 2013; 49:621-9. [PMID: 23054244 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balanced chromosomal rearrangements occasionally have strong phenotypic effects, which may be useful in understanding pathobiology. However, conventional strategies for characterising breakpoints are laborious and inaccurate. We present here a proband with a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and a balanced translocation t(10;11) (q23.2;q24.2). Our purpose was to sequence the chromosomal breaks in this family to reveal a novel candidate gene for aneurysm. METHODS AND RESULTS Intracranial aneurysm (IA) and TAAs appear to run in the family in an autosomal dominant manner: After exploring the family history, we observed that the proband's two siblings both died from cerebral haemorrhage, and the proband's parent and parent's sibling died from aortic rupture. After application of a genome-wide paired-end DNA sequencing method for breakpoint mapping, we demonstrate that this translocation breaks intron 1 of a splicing isoform of Neurotrimin at 11q25 in a previously implicated candidate region for IAs and AAs (OMIM 612161). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the feasibility of genome-wide paired-end sequencing for the characterisation of balanced rearrangements and identification of candidate genes in patients with potentially disease-associated chromosome rearrangements. The family samples were gathered as a part of our recently launched National Registry of Reciprocal Balanced Translocations and Inversions in Finland (n=2575), and we believe that such a registry will be a powerful resource for the localisation of chromosomal aberrations, which can bring insight into the aetiology of related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia M Luukkonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Zhang X, Thatcher SE, Rateri DL, Bruemmer D, Charnigo R, Daugherty A, Cassis LA. Transient exposure of neonatal female mice to testosterone abrogates the sexual dimorphism of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Circ Res 2012; 110:e73-85. [PMID: 22539767 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.253880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) exhibit marked sexual dimorphism with higher prevalence in men. Similarly, AAAs induced by angiotensin II (AngII) infusion into mice exhibit a higher prevalence in males. Testosterone promotes AAA pathology in adult male mice through regulation of angiotensin type 1A receptors (AT1aR) in abdominal aortas. However, mechanisms for sexual dimorphism of regional aortic angiotensin receptor expression and AAA formation are unknown. OBJECTIVE To define the role of developmental testosterone exposures in sexual dimorphism of AAAs, we determined if exposure of neonatal female mice to testosterone confers adult susceptibility to AngII-induced AAAs. METHODS AND RESULTS One-day-old female hypercholesterolemic mice were administered a single dose of either vehicle or testosterone. Neonatal testosterone administration increased abdominal aortic AT1aR mRNA abundance and promoted a striking increase in AngII-induced AAAs in adult females exhibiting low serum testosterone concentrations. AngII-induced atherosclerosis and ascending aortic aneurysms were also increased by testosterone administration to neonatal females. In contrast, neonatal testosterone administration in males had no effect on AngII-induced vascular pathologies. Deficiency of AT1aR in smooth muscle cells reduced effects of neonatal testosterone to promote AAAs in adult females but did not alter atherosclerosis or ascending aortic aneurysms. Testosterone increased AT1aR mRNA abundance and hydrogen peroxide generation in cultured abdominal aortic SMCs. Increased AT1aR mRNA abundance was maintained during progressive passaging of female smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal an unrecognized role of transient sex hormone exposures during neonatal development as long-lasting mediators of regional aortic AT1aR expression and sexual dimorphism of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
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22
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Lillvis JH, Erdman R, Schworer CM, Golden A, Derr K, Gatalica Z, Cox LA, Shen J, Vander Heide RS, Lenk GM, Hlavaty L, Li L, Elmore JR, Franklin DP, Gray JL, Garvin RP, Carey DJ, Lancaster WD, Tromp G, Kuivaniemi H. Regional expression of HOXA4 along the aorta and its potential role in human abdominal aortic aneurysms. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 11:9. [PMID: 21627813 PMCID: PMC3125234 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infrarenal abdominal aorta exhibits increased disease susceptibility relative to other aortic regions. Allograft studies exchanging thoracic and abdominal segments showed that regional susceptibility is maintained regardless of location, suggesting substantial roles for embryological origin, tissue composition and site-specific gene expression. RESULTS We analyzed gene expression with microarrays in baboon aortas, and found that members of the HOX gene family exhibited spatial expression differences. HOXA4 was chosen for further study, since it had decreased expression in the abdominal compared to the thoracic aorta. Western blot analysis from 24 human aortas demonstrated significantly higher HOXA4 protein levels in thoracic compared to abdominal tissues (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining for HOXA4 showed nuclear and perinuclear staining in endothelial and smooth muscle cells in aorta. The HOXA4 transcript levels were significantly decreased in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) compared to age-matched non-aneurysmal controls (P < 0.00004). Cultured human aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells stimulated with INF-γ (an important inflammatory cytokine in AAA pathogenesis) showed decreased levels of HOXA4 protein (P < 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated spatial variation in expression of HOXA4 in human aortas that persisted into adulthood and that downregulation of HOXA4 expression was associated with AAAs, an important aortic disease of the ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Lillvis
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Since the first candidate gene studies were published 20 years ago, approximately 100 genetic association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in biologically relevant genes have been reported on AAA. These studies investigated SNPs in genes of the extracellular matrix, the cardiovascular system, the immune system, and signaling pathways. Very few studies were large enough to draw firm conclusions and very few results could be replicated in another sample set. The more recent unbiased approaches are family-based DNA linkage studies and genome-wide genetic association studies, which have the potential of identifying the genetic basis for AAA, only when appropriately powered and well-characterized large AAA cohorts are used. SNPs associated with AAA have already been identified in these large multicenter studies. One significant association was of a variant in a gene called contactin-3, which is located on chromosome 3p12.3. However, two follow-up studies could not replicate this association. Two other SNPs, which are located on chromosome 9p21 and 9q33, were replicated in other samples. The two genes with the strongest supporting evidence of contribution to the genetic risk for AAA are the CDKN2BAS gene, also known as ANRIL, which encodes an antisense ribonucleic acid that regulates expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival. Functional studies are now needed to establish the mechanisms by which these genes contribute toward AAA pathogenesis.
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