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Dadheech N, Srivastava A, Vakani M, Shrimali P, Bhonde R, Gupta S. Direct lineage tracing reveals Activin-a potential for improved pancreatic homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and efficient ß-cell regeneration in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:327. [PMID: 32731883 PMCID: PMC7393856 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the potential, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show limitations for beta (ß)-cell replacement therapy due to inefficient methods to deliver BMSCs into pancreatic lineage. In this study, we report TGF-ß family member protein, Activin-a potential to stimulate efficient pancreatic migration, enhanced homing and accelerated ß-cell differentiation. METHODS Lineage tracing of permanent green fluorescent protein (GFP)- tagged donor murine BMSCs transplanted either alone or in combination with Activin-a in diabetic mice displayed potential ß-cell regeneration and reversed diabetes. RESULTS Pancreatic histology of Activin-a treated recipient mice reflected high GFP+BMSC infiltration into damaged pancreas with normalized fasting blood glucose and elevated serum insulin. Whole pancreas FACS profiling of GFP+ cells displayed significant homing of GFP+BMSC with Activin-a treatment (6%) compared to BMSCs alone transplanted controls (0.5%). Within islets, approximately 5% GFP+ cells attain ß-cell signature (GFP+ Ins+) with Activin-a treatment versus controls. Further, double immunostaining for mesenchymal stem cell markers CD44+/GFP+ in infiltrated GFP+BMSC deciphers substantial endocrine reprogramming and ß-cell differentiation (6.4% Ins+/GFP+) within 15 days. CONCLUSION Our investigation thus presents a novel pharmacological approach for stimulating direct migration and homing of therapeutic BMSCs that re-validates BMSC potential for autologous stem cell transplantation therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Dadheech
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.,Department of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Abhay Srivastava
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitul Vakani
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh Shrimali
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarita Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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Arany EJ, Waseem M, Strutt BJ, Chamson-Reig A, Bernardo A, Eng E, Hill DJ. Direct comparison of the abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal versus hematopoietic stem cells to reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic NOD.SCID mice. Islets 2018; 10:137-150. [PMID: 30110202 PMCID: PMC6281365 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2018.1480285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improve glycemic control in diabetic mice, but their kinetics and associated changes in pancreatic morphology have not been directly compared. Our goal was to examine the time course of improvements in glucose tolerance and associated changes in β-cell mass and proliferation following transplantation of equivalent numbers of HSC or MSC from the same bone marrow into diabetic non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency (NOD.SCID) mice. We used transgenic mice with a targeted expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) driven by the Vav1 gene promoter to genetically tag HSC and progeny. HSC were separated from bone marrow by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and MSC following cell culture. Equivalent numbers of isolated HSC or MSC were transplanted directly into the pancreas of NOD.SCID mice previously made diabetic with streptozotocin. Glucose tolerance, serum insulin, β-cell mass and β-cell proliferation were examined up to 28 days following transplant. Transplantation with MSC improved glucose tolerance within 7 days and serum insulin levels increased, but with no increase in β-cell mass. Mice transplanted with HSC showed improved glucose tolerance only after 3 weeks associated with increased β-cell proliferation and mass. We conclude that single injections of either MSC or HSC transiently improved glycemic control in diabetic NOD.SCID mice, but with different time courses. However, only HSC infiltrated the islets and were associated with an expanded β-cell mass. This suggests that MSC and HSC have differing mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith J. Arany
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- CONTACT Dr. David J. Hill Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph’s Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St, London ON Canada N6A 4V2
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Adam Bernardo
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Eng
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J. Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Hypoxia has been a frightening term for doctors and medical students because of the possibility of damage to cells, tissues and organs. However, we now know that brief, episodic hypoxia gives rise to several adaptive responses. These responses in general prepare the body for better tolerating such hypoxic episodes, and also offer protection against several other types of insults. Indeed, scientists at the erstwhile U.S.S.R. have developed what is known as ‘hypoxia therapy’ and reaped the benefits of brief intermittent hypoxia for the last several decades. In India, yogic treatment of various diseases is common. A lesser known but important variety of Pranayama is ‘nisshesha rechaka’, which may be described as breath holding at residual volume. Studies done at our centre have demonstrated that Nisshesha rechaka is the easiest way to produce brief, intermittent hypoxia. There is therefore reason to believe that Nisshesha rechaka pranayama may offer benefits through this mechanism.
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace destroyed β cells in autoimmune diabetes. Islets are transplanted into the liver via the portal vein; however, inflammation, the required immunosuppression, and lack of vasculature decrease early islet viability and function. Therefore, the use of accessory therapy and biomaterials to protect islets and improve islet function has definite therapeutic potential. Here we review the application of niche accessory cells and factors, as well as the use of biomaterials as carriers or capsules, for pancreatic islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Borg
- Preclinical Approaches to Stem Cell Therapy/Diabetes, Technische Universität Dresden, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Preclinical Approaches to Stem Cell Therapy/Diabetes, Technische Universität Dresden, DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Cluster of Excellence, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Hill DJ. Nutritional programming of pancreatic β-cell plasticity. World J Diabetes 2011; 2:119-26. [PMID: 21954415 PMCID: PMC3180528 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v2.i8.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional insufficiency during pregnancy has been shown to alter the metabolism of the offspring and can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The phenotype in the offspring involves changes to the morphology and functional capacity of the endocrine pancreas, and in the supporting islet microvasculature. Pancreatic β-cells possess a plastic potential and can partially recover from catastrophic loss. This is partly due to the existence of progenitors within the islets and the ability to generate new islets by neogenesis from the pancreatic ducts. This regenerative capacity is induced by bone marrow-derived stem cells, including endothelial cell progenitors and is associated with increased angiogenesis within the islets. Nutritional insults in early life, such as feeding a low protein diet to the mother, impair the regenerative capacity of the β-cells. The mechanisms underlying this include a reduced ability of β-cells to differentiate from the progenitor population, changes in the inductive signals from the microvasculature and an altered presence of endothelial progenitors. Statin treatment within animal models was associated with angiogenesis in the islet microvasculature, improved vascular function and an increase in β-cell mass. This demonstrates that reversal of the impaired β-cell phenotype observed following nutritional insult in early life is potentially possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hill
- David J Hill, Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B8, Canada
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Chamson-Reig A, Arany EJ, Hill DJ. Lineage tracing and resulting phenotype of haemopoietic-derived cells in the pancreas during beta cell regeneration. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2188-97. [PMID: 20585934 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Transplantation of bone marrow-derived haemopoietic stem cells following streptozotocin (STZ) treatment to induce pancreatic beta cell loss in mice causes the partial regeneration of beta cell mass, with many haemopoietic cells demonstrating endothelial cell markers. This study used genetically tagged haemopoietic lineage-derived cells to determine how endogenous cells are mobilised following beta cell loss and subsequent replacement. METHODS A double transgenic mouse model, Vav-iCre; R26R-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), was used where only haemopoietic lineage cells expressed the Vav1 gene promoter allowing expression of the YFP reporter gene. Between postnatal days 2 and 4 mice were injected with STZ or vehicle (control) and body weight and glycaemia were monitored. Mice were killed between days 10 and 130, and the pancreases were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS YFP-expressing cells infiltrated the pancreas at all ages, being present around newly forming islets at the pancreatic ducts, and within larger islets. Small numbers of YFP-positive cells (<5%) co-stained for the macrophage markers F4/80 or Mac1, for cytokeratin 19, or for the transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), but no co-localisation was seen with insulin or other endocrine hormones. Within islets approximately 30% of YFP-positive cells co-stained for the endothelial cell marker CD31, and following STZ the number of haemopoietic-derived cells, and the proportion that were CD31-positive, both significantly increased after 21 and 40 days, coincident with a partial replacement of beta cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that following beta cell loss endogenous haemopoietic-lineage cells contribute to intra-islet angiogenesis, which supports a partial recovery of beta cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chamson-Reig
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 4V2
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Marchand KC, Arany EJ, Hill DJ. Effects of atorvastatin on the regeneration of pancreatic {beta}-cells after streptozotocin treatment in the neonatal rodent. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E92-E100. [PMID: 20388824 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00132.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of statins in beta-cell regeneration a model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell injury was used in the neonatal rat. We hypothesized that beta-cell growth and regeneration would increase following treatment with atorvastatin and that this would be associated with intraislet vasculogenesis. Pregnant Wistar rats were gavaged with 20 or 40 mg/kg atorvastatin for 21 days commencing on gestation day 15. Atorvastatin was detected in the circulation of the offspring. On postnatal day 4, the pups were given either a control or STZ (70 mg/kg ip) injection. beta-Cell mass had partially recovered by postnatal day 44 following STZ treatment, and atorvastatin (20 mg/kg) significantly increased beta-cell mass in both STZ-treated and control animals. An increase in the numbers of small islets at postnatal day 44 was seen in STZ-treated animals following atorvastatin, suggestive of neogenesis, and glucose tolerance was improved. Treatment with atorvastatin caused an increase in the numbers of intraislet endothelial cells at postnatal day 14 and the percentage of endothelial cells undergoing DNA synthesis, suggesting that angiogenesis had preceded the increase in beta-cell mass. The results indicate that functional beta-cell mass was expanded with atorvastatin in both control and STZ-treated neonatal rats and suggests a novel effect of a statin in promoting islet plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Marchand
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, Canada
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