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Kong L, Li Y, Deng Z, Chen X, Xia Y, Shen B, Ning R, Zhang L, Yin Z. Tibial cortex transverse transport regulates Orai1/STIM1-mediated NO release and improve the migration and proliferation of vessels via increasing osteopontin expression. J Orthop Translat 2024; 45:107-119. [PMID: 38524870 PMCID: PMC10960091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic foot is a major complication of diabetes. The bone transverse transport method could be applied in clinics for treatment, which could improve the metabolism of the tissues via lasting distraction forces. However, the process' specific regulating mechanism is still unknown. Methods Based on the notion that the healing of bones involves the recruitment of calcium ions, in this study, we established the model of tibial cortex transverse transport (TTT) on rats and then used tissue immunologic detection, such as the double fluorescent staining to explore the expression of the calcium channels' calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1)/stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), which belong to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) signaling pathways on the tissues around the bone transport area. By using the laser capture microdissection (LCM) tool, we acquired samples of tissues around the bone and endeavored to identify pivotal protein molecules. Subsequently, we validated the functions of key protein molecules through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results After protein profile analysis, we found the differentially expressed key protein osteopontin (OPN). The in vitro experiments verified that, being stimulated by OPN, the migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were observed to be enhanced. The activation of Orai1/STIM1 might increase the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its effect on releasing nitric oxide (NO). Subsequently, the migration and proliferation of the HUVECs are improved, which ultimately accelerates wound healing. These signaling pathway was also observed in the OPN-stimulated healing process of the skin wound surface of diabetic mice. Conclusion This study identifies the molecular biological mechanism of OPN-benefited the migration and proliferation of the HUVECs and provides ideas for searching for new therapeutic targets for drugs that repair diabetes-induced wounds to replace invasive treatment methods. The translational potential of this article The OPN is highly expressed in the tissues surrounding the TTT bone transfer area, which may possibly stimulate the activation of eNOS to increase NO release through the SOCE pathway mediated by Orai1/STIM1. This mechanism may play a significant role in the angiogenesis of diabetic foot's wounds promoted by TTT, providing new therapeutic strategies for the non-surgical treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhongfang Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yin Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bing Shen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, PR China
| | - Rende Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lesha Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zongsheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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Ozcan M, Abdellatif M, Javaheri A, Sedej S. Risks and Benefits of Intermittent Fasting for the Aging Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00092-8. [PMID: 38354947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Population aging and the associated increase in cardiovascular disease rates pose serious threats to global public health. Different forms of fasting have become an increasingly attractive strategy to directly address aging and potentially limit or delay the onset of cardiovascular diseases. A growing number of experimental studies and clinical trials indicate that the amount and timing of food intake as well as the daily time window during which food is consumed, are crucial determinants of cardiovascular health. Indeed, intermittent fasting counteracts the molecular hallmarks of cardiovascular aging and promotes different aspects of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure and glycemic control, as well as body weight reduction. In this report, we summarize current evidence from randomized clinical trials of intermittent fasting on body weight and composition as well as cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Moreover, we critically discuss the preventive and therapeutic potential of intermittent fasting, but also possible detrimental effects in the context of cardiovascular aging and related disease. We delve into the physiological mechanisms through which intermittent fasting might improve cardiovascular health, and raise important factors to consider in the design of clinical trials on the efficacy of intermittent fasting to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events among aged individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease. We conclude that despite growing evidence and interest among the lay and scientific communities in the cardiovascular health-improving effects of intermittent fasting, further research efforts and appropriate caution are warranted before broadly implementing intermittent fasting regimens, especially in elderly persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mualla Ozcan
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; John J. Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Herz D, Haupt S, Zimmer RT, Wachsmuth NB, Schierbauer J, Zimmermann P, Voit T, Thurm U, Khoramipour K, Rilstone S, Moser O. Efficacy of Fasting in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3525. [PMID: 37630716 PMCID: PMC10459496 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, studies suggested that dietary behavior modification, including fasting, can improve metabolic and cardiovascular markers as well as body composition. Given the increasing prevalence of people with type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the increasing obesity (also in combination with diabetes), nutritional therapies are gaining importance, besides pharmaceutical interventions. Fasting has demonstrated beneficial effects for both healthy individuals and those with metabolic diseases, leading to increased research interest in its impact on glycemia and associated short- and long-term complications. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate whether fasting can be used safely and effectively in addition to medications to support the therapy in T1DM and T2DM. A literature search on fasting and its interaction with diabetes was conducted via PubMed in September 2022. Fasting has the potential to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in T1DM, lower glycaemic variability, and improve fat metabolism in T1DM and T2DM. It also increases insulin sensitivity, reduces endogenous glucose production in diabetes, lowers body weight, and improves body composition. To conclude, fasting is efficient for therapy management for both people with T1DM and T2DM and can be safely performed, when necessary, with the support of health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herz
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Rebecca Tanja Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadine Bianca Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sportsmedicine Bamberg, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Ulrike Thurm
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. 22 Bahman, Kerman 7616914115, Iran;
| | - Sian Rilstone
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (J.S.); (P.Z.); (T.V.); (U.T.); (S.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Yang X, Zhou J, Shao H, Huang B, Kang X, Wu R, Bian F, Hu M, Liu D. Effect of an Intermittent Calorie-restricted Diet on Type 2 Diabetes Remission: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:1415-1424. [PMID: 36515429 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The 2021 consensus report on the definition and interpretation of remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been released. Although intermittent fasting diets (IF) are becoming very popular, no studies have investigated their benefit in diabetes remission. OBJECTIVE The present study examined the effectiveness of IF in diabetes remission and potential remission durability. METHODS Participants between ages 38 and 72 years with a duration of T2D of 1 to 11 years, a body mass index (BMI) of 19.1 to 30.4, 66.7% male, and antidiabetic agent use and/or insulin injection were randomly allocated at a ratio of 1:1 to the Chinese Medical Nutrition Therapy (CMNT) or control group. The primary outcome was diabetes remission, defined as a stable glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of less than 48 mmol/mol (< 6.5%) for at least 3 months after discontinuing all antidiabetic medications. The secondary outcomes included HbA1c level, fasting blood glucose level, blood pressure, weight, quality of life, and medication costs. We conducted a 12-month follow-up to assess the continuation of remission. RESULTS On completing the 3-month intervention plus 3-month follow-up, 47.2% (17/36) of participants achieved diabetes remission in the CMNT group, whereas only 2.8% (1/36) of individuals achieved remission in the control group (odds ratio 31.32; 95% CI, 2.39-121.07; P < 0.0001). The mean body weight of participants in the CMNT group was reduced by 5.93 kg (SD 2.47) compared to 0.27 kg (1.43) in the control group. After the 12-month follow-up, 44.4% (16/36) of the participants achieved sustained remission, with an HbA1c level of 6.33% (SD 0.87). The medication costs of the CMNT group were 77.22% lower than those of the control group (60.4/month vs 265.1/month). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the clinical efficacy of CMNT in achieving diabetes remission for at least 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Clinical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha 410128, China
- Nutrition and Food Catering, Changsha Commerce and Tourism College, Changsha 410116, China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Shizi Mountain Primary Care, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Huige Shao
- Endocrinology Department, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Bi Huang
- Endocrinology Department, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xincong Kang
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology For Utilization Ingredients From Botanicals, Changsha 410128, China
- Chinese Medicine Nutrition Center, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Nutrition Intervention Technology for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Jinheyuan Outpatient Department, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology Achievement Application Center, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Fangzhou Bian
- Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Minghai Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- Horticulture College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Clinical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Association between Meal Frequency and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Adults: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061348. [PMID: 36986079 PMCID: PMC10056094 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet frequency may potentially influence metabolic health. However, general population-based evidence on the association between meal frequency and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains limited and inconclusive. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between meal frequency and T2DM in resource limited area. A total of 29,405 qualified participants were enrolled from the Henan rural cohort study. Data on meal frequency were collected through a validated face-to-face questionnaire survey. Logistic regression models were utilized to explore the association between meal frequency and T2DM. Compared with 21 times per week meal frequency group, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were 0.75 (0.58, 0.95) and 0.70 (0.54, 0.90) for 16–20 times/week group and 14–15 times/week group, respectively. For the analysis of the three meals, significant associations were only found between dinner frequency and T2DM. Compared with seven times per week dinner group, the ORs (95%CIs) were 0.66 (0.42, 0.99) and 0.51 (0.29, 0.82) for the group with three to six times/week and zero to two times/week. Reduced meal frequency, especially dinner frequency, was associated with lower prevalence of T2DM, which suggests that an appropriate reduction in meal frequency per week may have a role in decreasing the risk of T2DM.
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Exploring the Effects of Energy Constraints on Performance, Body Composition, Endocrinological/Hematological Biomarkers, and Immune System among Athletes: An Overview of the Fasting State. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153197. [PMID: 35956373 PMCID: PMC9370338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ramadan fasting period (RFP) means abstaining from consuming food and/or beverages during certain hours of the day—from sunrise to sunset. Engaging in exercise and sports during the RFP leads to the lipolysis of adipose tissue and an increase in the breakdown of peripheral fat, leading to an increase in fat consumption. The effects of the RFP on functional, hematological, and metabolic parameters needs further study as existing studies have reported contradictory results. The differences in the results of various studies are due to the geographical characteristics of Muslim athletes, their specific diets, and their genetics, which explain these variations. In recent years, the attention of medical and sports researchers on the effects of the RFP and energy restrictions on bodily functions and athletic performance has increased significantly. Therefore, this brief article examines the effects of the RFP on the immune system, body composition, hematology, and the functionality of athletes during and after the RFP. We found that most sporting activities were performed during any time of the day without being affected by Ramadan fasting. Athletes were able to participate in their physical activities during fasting periods and saw few effects on their performance. Sleep and nutritional factors should be adjusted so that athletic performance is not impaired.
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7
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Sowah SA, Milanese A, Schübel R, Wirbel J, Kartal E, Johnson TS, Hirche F, Grafetstätter M, Nonnenmacher T, Kirsten R, López-Nogueroles M, Lahoz A, Schwarz KV, Okun JG, Ulrich CM, Nattenmüller J, von Eckardstein A, Müller D, Stangl GI, Kaaks R, Kühn T, Zeller G. Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial. Genome Med 2022; 14:30. [PMID: 35287713 PMCID: PMC8919571 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota has been suggested to play a significant role in the development of overweight and obesity. However, the effects of calorie restriction on gut microbiota of overweight and obese adults, especially over longer durations, are largely unexplored. Methods Here, we longitudinally analyzed the effects of intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) operationalized as the 5:2 diet versus continuous calorie restriction (CCR) on fecal microbiota of 147 overweight or obese adults in a 50-week parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, the HELENA Trial. The primary outcome of the trial was the differential effects of ICR versus CCR on gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Changes in the gut microbiome, which are the focus of this publication, were defined as exploratory endpoint of the trial. The trial comprised a 12-week intervention period, a 12-week maintenance period, and a final follow-up period of 26 weeks. Results Both diets resulted in ~5% weight loss. However, except for Lactobacillales being enriched after ICR, post-intervention microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups. Overall weight loss was associated with significant metabolic improvements, but not with changes in the gut microbiome. Nonetheless, the abundance of the Dorea genus at baseline was moderately predictive of subsequent weight loss (AUROC of 0.74 for distinguishing the highest versus lowest weight loss quartiles). Despite the lack of consistent intervention effects on microbiome composition, significant study group-independent co-variation between gut bacterial families and metabolic biomarkers, anthropometric measures, and dietary composition was detectable. Our analysis in particular revealed associations between insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) and Akkermansiaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Tanerellaceae. It also suggests the possibility of a beneficial modulation of the latter two intestinal taxa by a diet high in vegetables and fiber, and low in processed meat. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiome remains stable and highly individual-specific under dietary calorie restriction. Trial registration The trial, including the present microbiome component, was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.govNCT02449148 on May 20, 2015. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01030-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A Sowah
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessio Milanese
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Schübel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Wirbel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ece Kartal
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron S Johnson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mirja Grafetstätter
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Nonnenmacher
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romy Kirsten
- Biobank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina López-Nogueroles
- Analytical Unit, Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Agustín Lahoz
- Analytical Unit, Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kathrin V Schwarz
- Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Johanna Nattenmüller
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Müller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry (IGFS), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Chair SY, Cai H, Cao X, Qin Y, Cheng HY, Ng MT. Intermittent Fasting in Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nurs Res 2022; 30:e185. [PMID: 35050952 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting is an effective approach to promote weight loss. The optimal model of intermittent fasting in achieving weight management and cardiometabolic risk reduction is an underexplored but important issue. PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) and 16/8 time-restricted fasting (16/8 TRF) on weight loss, blood glucose, and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults with prediabetes. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on a sample of 101 overweight and obese adults with prediabetes. The participants were randomized into the ADF group (n = 34), 16/8 TRF group (n = 33), and control group (n = 34). The intervention lasted for 3 weeks. Data on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, and lipid profile were collected at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS The reductions in body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference in the ADF and 16/8 TRF groups were more significant than those in the control group across the study period (all ps < .05). Moreover, significant reductions on blood glucose and triglycerides were observed in the two intervention groups as well. Furthermore, the reductions in body weight and body mass index in the ADF group were more significant than those in the 16/8 TRF group (all ps < .001). However, differences on the changes in blood glucose, waist circumference, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two intervention groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The benefits of ADF and 16/8 TRF in promoting weight loss in overweight/obese adults with prediabetes were shown in this study. ADF was shown to have more-significant reduction effects on body weight and body mass index than 16/8 TRF. These findings indicate the potential benefit of integrating intermittent fasting regimens into normal dietary patterns to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sek Ying Chair
- PhD, RN, FAAN, Professor, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua Cai
- BSN, RN, Head Nurse, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Cao
- PhD, RN, Postdoctoral Fellow, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuelan Qin
- MSN, RN, Director, Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ho Yu Cheng
- PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael Timothy Ng
- MSc, Clinical Psychologist, Social Services Department, Po Leung Kuk, Fo Tan, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Katsi V, Papakonstantinou IP, Soulaidopoulos S, Katsiki N, Tsioufis K. Chrononutrition in Cardiometabolic Health. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020296. [PMID: 35053991 PMCID: PMC8780356 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a healthy balanced diet together with weight reduction has risen to the forefront of minimizing the impact of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that metabolic processes present circadian rhythmicity. Moreover, the timing of food consumption exerts a powerful influence on circadian rhythms. In this context, the subject of chrononutrition, described as the alignment of timing of food intake to the rhythms imposed by the circadian clock, has attracted considerable interest for possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. Current human studies suggest that chrononutrition-based dietary interventions could reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by improving weight control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. However, meta-analysis of randomized control trials in this topic present varying and somehow conflicting results. Even the traditional association of breakfast skipping with adverse cardiovascular outcomes is nowadays controversial. Therefore, long-term and fairly consistent studies on the effect of chrononutrition on cardiovascular outcomes are needed. The purpose of this review is to provide concise evidence of the most recent literature involving the effects of chrononutrition and the specific chrononutrition-based dietary interventions, in particular time-restricted eating, on body weight and other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Katsi
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (K.T.)
| | | | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-693-2528-561 or +30-210-933-9076
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- Cardiology Department, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece; (V.K.); (K.T.)
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10
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Joaquim L, Faria A, Loureiro H, Matafome P. Benefits, mechanisms, and risks of intermittent fasting in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:295-305. [PMID: 34985730 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the emergent nutritional strategies for improving multiple features of cardiometabolic diseases is the practice of intermittent fasting (IF), which consists of alternating periods of eating and fasting. IF can reduce circulating glucose and insulin levels, fat mass, and the risk of developing age-related pathologies. IF appears to upregulate evolution-conserved adaptive cellular responses, such as stress-response pathways, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. IF was also observed to modulate the circadian rhythms of hormones like insulin or leptin, among others, which levels change in conditions of food abundance and deficit. However, some contradictory results regarding the duration of the interventions and the anterior metabolic status of the participants suggest that more and longer studies are needed in order to draw conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of IF in the modulation of mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes, as well as the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Joaquim
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Loureiro
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, 1st floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center, Coimbra, Portugal.
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11
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Hsu AKW, Roman SS, Bagatini MD, Marafon F, do Nascimento Junior P, Modolo NSP. Intermittent Fasting before Laparotomy: Effects on Glucose Control and Histopathologic Findings in Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124519. [PMID: 34960070 PMCID: PMC8708415 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Intermittent fasting is a nutrition practice in which individuals fast for several hours in a day, mainly with feeding time during the daylight hours. They seek to improve metabolic performance and cellular resistance to stress. In this study, we tested the fasting protocol to investigate the glycemic effect in a laparotomy perioperative period in diabetic rats and histopathologic findings. (2) Methods: The animals were diabetic-induced with alloxan. Two groups were set according to the feeding protocol: free food and intermittent fasting, whose rats could only eat 8 h in the daylight. Both groups were anesthetized, and a laparotomy was performed. We evaluated the glucose levels during the perioperative period, and we accessed organ histology seeking damage of kidney, bowel and liver after surgical trauma, and we evaluated the wound healing process. (3) Results: Glycemic levels were improved in the intermittent fasting group, especially in the post-operative period after laparotomy. Comparing both groups' tubular damage showed interdependency with mice with worse glycemic level (Z = 2.3; p = 0.0215) and wound-healing parameters showed interdependency with rats with better glycemic status for neovascularization (Z = 2.2; p = 0.0273) and the presence of sebaceous and sweat gland in the healing process (Z = 2.30; p = 0.0215). (4) Conclusions: Intermittent fasting before surgery can be a tool to improve glycemic levels in diabetic rats, with improvement especially in the post-operative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Keng Wei Hsu
- Anesthesia Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP)-Botucatu, Botucatu 18618683, Brazil; (P.d.N.J.); (N.S.P.M.)
- Pharmacology and Histology Department, Medical School, Integrated Regional University (URI), Erechim 99709910, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Pharmacology and Histology Department, Medical School, Integrated Regional University (URI), Erechim 99709910, Brazil;
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Academic Coordination, Biomedical Sciencies Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó 89802210, Brazil;
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040900, Brazil;
| | - Paulo do Nascimento Junior
- Anesthesia Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP)-Botucatu, Botucatu 18618683, Brazil; (P.d.N.J.); (N.S.P.M.)
| | - Norma Sueli Pinheiro Modolo
- Anesthesia Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP)-Botucatu, Botucatu 18618683, Brazil; (P.d.N.J.); (N.S.P.M.)
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12
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Kim BH, Joo Y, Kim MS, Choe HK, Tong Q, Kwon O. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on the Circulating Levels and Circadian Rhythms of Hormones. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:745-756. [PMID: 34474513 PMCID: PMC8419605 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting has become an increasingly popular strategy in losing weight and associated reduction in obesity-related medical complications. Overwhelming studies support metabolic improvements from intermittent fasting in blood glucose levels, cardiac and brain function, and other health benefits, in addition to weight loss. However, concerns have also been raised on side effects including muscle loss, ketosis, and electrolyte imbalance. Of particular concern, the effect of intermittent fasting on hormonal circadian rhythms has received little attention. Given the known importance of circadian hormonal changes to normal physiology, potential detrimental effects by dysregulation of hormonal changes deserve careful discussions. In this review, we describe the changes in circadian rhythms of hormones caused by intermittent fasting. We covered major hormones commonly pathophysiologically involved in clinical endocrinology, including insulin, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids. Given that intermittent fasting could alter both the level and frequency of hormone secretion, decisions on practicing intermittent fasting should take more considerations on potential detrimental consequences versus beneficial effects pertaining to individual health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yena Joo
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Han Kyoung Choe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu,
Korea
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School of UTHealth, and MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX,
USA
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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13
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Kökten T, Hansmannel F, Ndiaye NC, Heba AC, Quilliot D, Dreumont N, Arnone D, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Calorie Restriction as a New Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1558-1570. [PMID: 33554240 PMCID: PMC8321869 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immoderate calorie intake coupled with a sedentary lifestyle are major determinants of health issues and inflammatory diseases in modern society. The balance between energy consumption and energy expenditure is critical for longevity. Excessive energy intake and adiposity cause systemic inflammation, whereas calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition, exerts a potent anti-inflammatory effect. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of different strategies used to reduce calorie intake, discuss physiological mechanisms by which CR might lead to improved health outcomes, and summarize the present knowledge about inflammatory diseases. We discuss emerging data of observational studies and randomized clinical trials on CR that have been shown to reduce inflammation and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunay Kökten
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Franck Hansmannel
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Didier Quilliot
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Department of Diabetology-Endocrinology-Nutrition, Nancy, France
| | - Natacha Dreumont
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Djésia Arnone
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm U1256 NGERE (Nutrition—Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU)-Nancy, Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy, France
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14
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Ribeiro SML, Fernandez SSM, Rogero MM. Nutrition and Diabetes in the Context of Inflammaging. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-020-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Fernández-Cardona A, González-Devia D, Mendivil CO. Intermittent Fasting as a Trigger of Ketoacidosis in a Patient With Stable, Long-term Type 1 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa126. [PMID: 33033790 PMCID: PMC7532832 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with a high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic ketoacidosis is usually triggered by metabolic stressors that increase insulin requirements like infection, trauma, surgery, or some medications. Ketogenic diets are nutritional regimes that drastically reduce the intake of carbohydrates in order to increase circulating ketones and reduce appetite. Intermittent fasting diets similarly aim to impact appetite and body weight, but through the restriction of feeding to specific periods of time or days. A 58-year-old woman with T1DM and no prior episodes of DKA since her diagnosis 16 years ago was admitted to the emergency room with severe metabolic acidosis, ketosis, dehydration, and back pain after 9 days of practicing a ketogenic, intermittent fasting diet on the advice of a friend. The standard management of DKA led to the resolution of the symptoms and metabolic alterations, but this might not be the case in other patients. This case highlights the relevance of close professional monitoring of dietary and insulin schemes in patients with T1DM, and of the adequate nutritional education of patients in order to avoid having them follow fashionable dietary trends without knowledge of their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos O Mendivil
- Section of Endocrinology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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