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Longo S, Del Chierico F, Scanu M, Toto F, Legramante JM, Rizza S, Putignani L, Federici M. An Investigation of Metabolic Risk Factors and Gut Microbiota in Unexplained Syncope. Biomedicines 2024; 12:264. [PMID: 38397866 PMCID: PMC10886590 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of many syncopal episodes remains unexplained. Intestinal dysbiosis could be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of syncope due to its connection with the central nervous system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This pilot study aimed to explore the specific cardiometabolic risk factors and gut microbiota in unexplained syncope (US), compared to other types of syncope, to assess their similarity or verify their different origins. METHODS We studied 86 participants with syncope, who were divided into four groups: an orthostatic syncope group (OH, n = 24), a neuromediated syncope group (NMS, n = 26), a cardiological syncope group (CS, n = 9), and an unexplained syncope group (US, n = 27). We evaluated the anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic characteristics of the four groups; the α- and β-diversity; and the differences in the abundance of the microbial taxa. RESULTS The US group had a lower incidence of systolic hypertension at the first visit and a lower frequency of patients with nocturnal hypertension than the CS group. Compared to the OH and NMS groups, the US group had a higher incidence of carotid plaques and greater carotid intima-media thickness, respectively. The microbiota differed significantly between the US and CS groups, but not between the US group and the OH or NMS group. CONCLUSIONS We observed significant differences in the gut microbiota between CS and US. Future studies are necessary to evaluate the involvement of the gut microbiota in the complex pathogenesis of syncope and whether its analysis could support the interpretation of the pathophysiological mechasnisms underlying some episodes classifiable as US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Longo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.D.C.); (M.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Matteo Scanu
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.D.C.); (M.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesca Toto
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.D.C.); (M.S.); (F.T.)
| | - Jacopo M. Legramante
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiomics and Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (J.M.L.); (S.R.)
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2
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Adua E. Decoding the mechanism of hypertension through multiomics profiling. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:253-264. [PMID: 36329155 PMCID: PMC10063442 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, characterised by a constant high blood pressure, is the primary risk factor for multiple cardiovascular events and a major cause of death in adults. Excitingly, innovations in high-throughput technologies have enabled the global exploration of the whole genome (genomics), revealing dysregulated genes that are linked to hypertension. Moreover, post-genomic biomarkers, from the emerging fields of transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics and lipidomics, have provided new insights into the molecular underpinnings of hypertension. In this paper, we review the pathophysiology of hypertension, and highlight the multi-omics approaches for hypertension prediction and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Adua
- School of Clinical Medicine, Medicine & Health, Rural Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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3
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Taboni A, Fagoni N, Fontolliet T, Moia C, Vinetti G, Ferretti G. A closed-loop approach to the study of the baroreflex dynamics during posture changes at rest and at exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R960-R968. [PMID: 34643104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00167.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that during rapid uptilting at rest, due to vagal withdrawal, arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) may decrease promptly and precede the operating point (OP) resetting, whereas different kinetics are expected during exercise steady state, due to lower vagal activity than at rest. To test this, eleven subjects were rapidly (<2 s) tilted from supine (S) to upright (U) and vice versa every 3 min, at rest and during steady-state 50 W pedaling. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by finger cuff (Portapres) and R-to-R interval (RRi) by electrocardiography. BRS was computed with the sequence method both during steady and unsteady states. At rest, BRS was 35.1 ms·mmHg-1 (SD = 17.1) in S and 16.7 ms·mmHg-1 (SD = 6.4) in U (P < 0.01), RRi was 901 ms (SD = 118) in S and 749 ms (SD = 98) in U (P < 0.01), and MAP was 76 mmHg (SD = 11) in S and 83 mmHg (SD = 8) in U (P < 0.01). During uptilt, BRS decreased promptly [first BRS sequence was 19.7 ms·mmHg-1 (SD = 5.0)] and was followed by an OP resetting (MAP increase without changes in RRi). At exercise, BRS and OP did not differ between supine and upright positions [BRS was 7.7 ms·mmHg-1 (SD = 3.0) and 7.7 ms·mmHg-1 (SD = 3.5), MAP was 85 mmHg (SD = 13) and 88 mmHg (SD = 10), and RRi was 622 ms (SD = 61) and 600 ms (SD = 70), respectively]. The results support the tested hypothesis. The prompt BRS decrease during uptilt at rest may be ascribed to a vagal withdrawal, similarly to what occurs at exercise onset. The OP resetting may be due to a slower control mechanism, possibly an increase in sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Taboni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nazzareno Fagoni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,AAT Brescia, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Timothée Fontolliet
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Vinetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido Ferretti
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care, and Emergencies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Lu HJ, Nguyen TL, Hong GS, Pak S, Kim H, Kim H, Kim DY, Kim SY, Shen Y, Ryu PD, Lee MO, Oh U. Tentonin 3/TMEM150C senses blood pressure changes in the aortic arch. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3671-3683. [PMID: 32484458 DOI: 10.1172/jci133798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The baroreceptor reflex is a powerful neural feedback that regulates arterial pressure (AP). Mechanosensitive channels transduce pulsatile AP to electrical signals in baroreceptors. Here we show that tentonin 3 (TTN3/TMEM150C), a cation channel activated by mechanical strokes, is essential for detecting AP changes in the aortic arch. TTN3 was expressed in nerve terminals in the aortic arch and nodose ganglion (NG) neurons. Genetic ablation of Ttn3 induced ambient hypertension, tachycardia, AP fluctuations, and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. Chemogenetic silencing or activation of Ttn3+ neurons in the NG resulted in an increase in AP and heart rate, or vice versa. More important, overexpression of Ttn3 in the NG of Ttn3-/- mice reversed the cardiovascular changes observed in Ttn3-/- mice. We conclude that TTN3 is a molecular component contributing to the sensing of dynamic AP changes in baroreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Jun Lu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy
| | - Thien-Luan Nguyen
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy
| | - Gyu-Sang Hong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmin Pak
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyesu Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, and
| | - Yiming Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Uhtaek Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
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5
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Tian L, Tang G, Liu Q, Yin Y, Li Y, Zhong Y. Blockade of adenosine A1 receptor in nucleus tractus solitarius attenuates baroreflex sensitivity response to dexmedetomidine in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1743:146949. [PMID: 32522627 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist dexmedetomidine increases baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In the current study, we examined the potential role of adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) within the nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS) in such a response. Briefly, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and randomly received microinjection of selective A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.1 pmol/1 μl) or saline vehicle into the right NTS. Ten min after the microinjection, dexmedetomidine infusion started at a rate of 30 μg/kg over 15 min followed by infusion at 15 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 105 min, or 100 μg/kg over 15 min followed by infusion at 50 μg·kg-1·h-1 for 105 min. BRS was examined using a standard phenylephrine method prior to infusion (T0), 60 min (T1) and 120 min (T2) after dexmedetomidine infusion started. Adenosine concentration in plasma and brainstem was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography with vs. without α2-AR antagonist atipamezole pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Dexmedetomidine increased BRS at both 30 (T0: 0.55 ± 0.25 vs. T1: 2.45 ± 0.37, T2: 2.26 ± 0.56 ms/mmHg, P < 0.05) and 100 μg/kg (T0: 0.63 ± 0.24 vs. T1: 6.21 ± 1.87, T2: 6.30 ± 2.12 ms/mmHg, P < 0.05). DPCPX pretreatment obliterated BRS response to 100-μg/kg dexmedetomidine. At 100 μg/kg, dexmedetomidine increased adenosine concentration in plasma (0.23 ± 0.11 to 0.45 ± 0.07 μg/ml, P < 0.05) and brainstem (1.46 ± 0.30 to 2.52 ± 0.22 μg/ml, P < 0.05); such effect was blocked by atipamezole pretreatment. Western blot analysis showed α2-AR up-regulation by 100-μg/kg dexmedetomidine, which can be prevented by DPCPX. Double-labeling with glial fibrillary acidic protein showed α2-AR up-regulation in astrocytes in the NTS. These results suggest that dexmedetomidine enhances baroreflex sensitivity, possibly by increasing adenosine in NTS and α2-AR expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqiang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiang Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Beltrán AR, Arce-Álvarez A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Vásquez-Muñoz M, von Igel M, Ramírez MA, Del Rio R, Andrade DC. Baroreflex Modulation During Acute High-Altitude Exposure in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1049. [PMID: 32973562 PMCID: PMC7472463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Baroreflex (BR) control is critically dependent of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation. It has been documented that during acute hypobaric hypoxia there is a BR control impairment, however, the effect of a natural hypoxic environment on BR function is limited and controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute High-Altitude exposure on sympathetic/parasympathetic modulation of BR control in normal rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into Sea-Level (n = 7) and High-Altitude (n = 5) (3,270 m above sea level) groups. The BR control was studied using phenylephrine (Phe) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) through sigmoidal analysis. The autonomic control of the heart was estimated using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in frequency domain. Additionally, to determine the maximum sympathetic and parasympathetic activation of BR, spectral non-stationary method analysis, during Phe (0.05 μg/mL) and SNP administration (0.10 μg/mL) were used. Compared to Sea-Level condition, the High-Altitude group displayed parasympathetic withdrawal (high frequency, 0.6-2.4 Hz) and sympathoexcitation (low frequency, 0.04-0.6 Hz). Regarding to BR modulation, rats showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of curvature and parasympathetic bradycardic responses to Phe, without significant differences in sympathetic tachycardic responses to SNP after High-Altitude exposure. In addition, the non-stationary analysis of HRV showed a reduction of parasympathetic activation (Phe) in the High-Altitude group. Our results suggest that acute exposure to High-Altitude produces an autonomic and BR control impairment, characterized by parasympathetic withdrawal after 24 h of high-altitude exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Beltrán
- Departamento de Educación, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Álvarez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Laboratory of Human Performance, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Vásquez-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magdalena von Igel
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco A. Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Pedagogía en Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Amorim MR, de Deus JL, Pereira CA, da Silva LEV, Borges GS, Ferreira NS, Batalhão ME, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Carnio EC, Tostes RC, Branco LGS. Baroreceptor denervation reduces inflammatory status but worsens cardiovascular collapse during systemic inflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6990. [PMID: 32332859 PMCID: PMC7181760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the regulation of cardiovascular function, baroreceptor afferents play polymodal roles in health and disease. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammation (SI) and hemodynamic dysfunction. We hypothesized that baroreceptor denervation worsens lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced-hemodynamic collapse and SI in conscious rats. We combined: (a) hemodynamic and thermoregulatory recordings after LPS administration at a septic-like non-lethal dose (b) analysis of the cardiovascular complexity, (c) evaluation of vascular function in mesenteric resistance vessels, and (d) measurements of inflammatory cytokines (plasma and spleen). LPS-induced drop in blood pressure was higher in sino-aortic denervated (SAD) rats. LPS-induced hemodynamic collapse was associated with SAD-dependent autonomic disbalance. LPS-induced vascular dysfunction was not affected by SAD. Surprisingly, SAD blunted LPS-induced surges of plasma and spleen cytokines. These data indicate that baroreceptor afferents are key to alleviate LPS-induced hemodynamic collapse, affecting the autonomic control of cardiovascular function, without affecting resistance blood vessels. Moreover, baroreflex modulation of the LPS-induced SI and hemodynamic collapse are not dependent of each other given that baroreceptor denervation worsened hypotension and reduced SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus R Amorim
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Júnia L de Deus
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz E V da Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Borges
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathanne S Ferreira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Batalhão
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evelin C Carnio
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-902, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Ribeirão Preto Medical School, 14049-900, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutional hypotension (CHT) is defined as a SBP below 105 mmHg. As autonomic-related symptoms are frequently reported in CHT, these symptoms suggest that the cardiovascular autonomic control is perturbed in individuals with CHT. METHODS We investigated the autonomic cardiovascular control of 15 women with CHT and 12 women with NBP (SBP >110 mmHg). We monitored BP and ECG for autonomic function test. Supine and head up tilt (HUT) spectral analysis of RR interval and BP variability, baroreflex sensitivity and plasma levels of plasma renin activity and aldosterone were determined. M-mode echocardiogram was used to determine the left ventricle mass. RESULTS SBP and DBP were lower in CHT (97 ± 1.5 and 54 ± 1.5 mmHg) than in NBP (126 ± 3 and 70 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.001 for both), whereas heart rate was comparable (65 ± 1.5 and 63 ± 3 bpm). CHT compared with NBP had lower Valsalva's ratio and BP phase IV overshooting, 1.7 ± 0.07 vs. 2 ± 0.07 (P < 0.05) and 19 ± 2.4, and 28 ± 3 mmHg (P < 0.05), respectively. BRSseq, alpha LF and LFRR/HFRR were greater in CHT (29.2 ± 0.7 and 39.1 ± 4.7 ms/mmHg and 1.4 ± 0.2) compared with NBP (25 ± 1.6 and 20.1 ± 2.5 ms/mmHg and 0.7 ± 01, [P < 05, for all]). LFSAP was lower in CHT (0.8 ± 0.2) than in NBP (1.5 ± 0.3 mmHg, P < 0.02). HUT data were similar. Supine and HUT aldosterone and PRA were higher in CHT. Left ventricle mass was lower in CHT. CONCLUSION We conclude that the cardiovascular autonomic control in women with CHT is characterized by a low sympathetic vascular tone and increased baroreceptor sensitivity. Also, it seems that these women have a compensated primary hypovolemia, which warrants further investigation.
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Batista TJ, Minassa VS, Aitken AV, Jara BT, Felippe ISA, Beijamini V, Paton JFR, dos Santos L, Sampaio KN. Intermittent Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Differentially Impacts Neuroreflex Control of Cardiorespiratory Function in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:548-564. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Assessment of Baroreflex Sensitivity Using Time-Frequency Analysis during Postural Change and Hypercapnia. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4875231. [PMID: 30863454 PMCID: PMC6377966 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4875231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Baroreflex is a mechanism of short-term neural control responsible for maintaining stable levels of arterial blood pressure (ABP) in an ABP-heart rate negative feedback loop. Its function is assessed by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS)—a parameter which quantifies the relationship between changes in ABP and corresponding changes in heart rate (HR). The effect of postural change as well as the effect of changes in blood O2 and CO2 have been the focus of multiple previous studies on BRS. However, little is known about the influence of the combination of these two factors on dynamic baroreflex response. Furthermore, classical methods used for BRS assessment are based on the assumption of stationarity that may lead to unreliable results in the case of mostly nonstationary cardiovascular signals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate BRS during repeated transitions between squatting and standing in normal end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) conditions (normocapnia) and conditions of progressively increasing EtCO2 with a decreasing level of O2 (hypercapnia with hypoxia) using joint time and frequency domain (TF) approach to BRS estimation that overcomes the limitation of classical methods. Noninvasive continuous measurements of ABP and EtCO2 were conducted in a group of 40 healthy young volunteers. The time course of BRS was estimated from TF representations of pulse interval variability and systolic pressure variability, their coherence, and phase spectra. The relationship between time-variant BRS and indices of ABP and HR was analyzed during postural change in normocapnia and hypercapnia with hypoxia. In normocapnia, observed trends in all measures were in accordance with previous studies, supporting the validity of presented TF method. Similar but slightly attenuated response to postural change was observed in hypercapnia with hypoxia. Our results show the merits of the nonstationary methods as a tool to study the cardiovascular system during short-term hemodynamic changes.
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Kulthinee S, Rakmanee S, Michael Wyss J, Roysommuti S. Taurine Supplementation Ameliorates the Adverse Effects of Perinatal Taurine Depletion and High Sugar Intake on Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of Adult Female Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 975 Pt 2:741-755. [PMID: 28849496 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal taurine depletion followed by high sugar intake after weaning adversely affects myocardial and arterial pressure function following a myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) insult in adult female rats. This study tests the hypothesis that taurine supplementation ameliorates this adverse effect. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow and drank water containing β-alanine from conception until weaning (taurine depletion, TD). After weaning, female offspring were fed normal rat chow and drank either water containing 5% glucose (TDG) or water alone (TDW). At 6-7 weeks of age, half the rats in each group were supplemented with taurine and 1 week later subjected to cardiac IR. Body weight, heart weight, plasma electrolytes, plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and hematocrit were not significantly different among the four groups. The mean arterial pressures significantly increased in all groups after IR, but values were not significantly different among the four groups. Heart rates were significantly increased after IR only in TDW group. Compared to TDW, TDG displayed increased plasma cardiac injury markers (creatinine kinase-MB, troponin T, and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide), increased sympathetic activity, decreased parasympathetic activity, and decreased baroreflex sensitivity after IR. Taurine supplementation completely restored the baroreflex and autonomic dysfunction of TDG to TDW levels and partially decreased myocardial injury after cardiac IR. The present study indicates that in adult female rats, perinatal taurine depletion followed by high sugar intake after weaning exacerbates cardiac IR injury and arterial pressure dysregulation and these adverse effects can be partially prevented by taurine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Kulthinee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sasipa Rakmanee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - J Michael Wyss
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sanya Roysommuti
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Zhang YP, Huo YL, Fang ZQ, Wang XF, Li JD, Wang HP, Peng W, Johnson AK, Xue B. Maternal high-fat diet acts on the brain to induce baroreflex dysfunction and sensitization of angiotensin II-induced hypertension in adult offspring. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1061-H1069. [PMID: 29373045 PMCID: PMC6008148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00698.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal HFD modulates the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokines that alter angiotensin II (ANG II) and TNF-α actions and sensitize the ANG II-elicited hypertensive response in adult offspring. All offspring were cross fostered by dams on the same or opposite diet to yield the following four groups: offspring from normal-fat control diet-fed dams suckled by control diet-fed dams (OCC group) or by HFD-fed dams (OCH group) and offspring from HFD-fed dams fed a HFD suckled by control diet-fed dams (OHC group) or by HFD-fed dams (OHH group). RT-PCR analyses of the lamina terminalis and paraventricular nucleus indicated upregulation of mRNA expression of several RAS components, NADPH oxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines in 10-wk-old male offspring of dams fed a HFD during either pregnancy, lactation, or both (OHC, OCH, and OHH groups). These offspring also showed decreased cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and increased pressor responses to intracerebroventricular microinjection of either ANG II or TNF-α. Furthermore, chronic systemic infusion of ANG II resulted in enhanced upregulation of mRNA expression of RAS components, NADPH oxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines in the lamina terminalis and paraventricular nucleus and an augmented hypertensive response in the OHC, OCH, and OHH groups compared with the OCC group. The results suggest that maternal HFD blunts cardiac baroreflex function and enhances pressor responses to ANG II or proinflammatory cytokines through upregulation of the brain RAS, oxidative stress, and inflammation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results of our study indicate that a maternal high-fat diet during either pregnancy or lactation is sufficient for perinatal programming of sensitization for hypertension, which is associated with hyperreactivity of central cardiovascular nuclei that, in all likelihood, involves elevated expression of the renin-angiotensin system, NADPH oxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the central mechanism underlying maternal high-fat diet sensitization of the hypertensive response in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhi-Qin Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan Kim Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Baojian Xue
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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Neuroreflex control of cardiovascular function is impaired after acute poisoning with chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide: Possible short and long term clinical implications. Toxicology 2018; 398-399:13-22. [PMID: 29471072 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well-established that severe poisoning by organophosphorus (OP) compounds strongly affects the cardiorespiratory system, the effects of sub-lethal exposure to these compounds on the neural control of cardiovascular function are poorly explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute sub-lethal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a commonly used OP insecticide, on three basic reflex mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation, the peripheral chemoreflex, the baroreflex and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Adult male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of CPF (30 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%). 24 h after injections, cardiovascular reflexes were tested in awake rats. Potassium cyanide (KCN) and phenylbiguanide (PBG) were injected intravenously to activate the chemoreflex and the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, respectively. The baroreflex was activated by phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside infusions. Blood samples were taken for measurements of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in brainstem samples. Animals treated with CPF presented signs of intoxication such as ataxia, tremor, lacrimation, salivation, tetany, urination and defecation. The hypertensive and the bradycardic responses of the chemoreflex as well as the hypotensive and bradycardic responses of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex were attenuated in CPF treated animals (P < 0.05). Concerning the baroreflex responses, CPF treatment reduced the bradycardia plateau, the range and the gain of the reflex (P < 0.05). Plasma BChE and brainstem AChE were both reduced significantly after CPF treatment (P < 0.05). Our results showed that acute sub-lethal exposure to CPF impairs the cardiovascular responses of homeostatic and defensive cardiovascular reflexes. These effects are associated with a marked inhibition of plasma BChE and brainstem AChE.
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Lai YR, Lin YJ, Shih FY, Wang HC, Tsai NW, Kung CT, Lin WC, Cheng BC, Su YJ, Chang YT, Su CM, Hsiao SY, Huang CC, Lu CH. Effect of Baroreceptor Sensitivity on Outcomes in Patients with Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2018; 109:e754-e760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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