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Menendez Sepulveda JA, Izquierdo N. Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report From Puerto Rico. Cureus 2024; 16:e65766. [PMID: 39082045 PMCID: PMC11288381 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset inherited skeletal myopathy. The diagnosis is based on a clinical presentation of blepharoptosis, dysphagia, and a positive family history of the disease in patients past 40 years of age. A 57-year-old male patient presented with ptosis without lid crease, adult-onset dysphagia, and bilateral pseudophakia. The patient underwent ptosis repair of upper eyelids via frontalis slings with silicone rods. His mother was subsequently found to have ptosis, dry eyes, and anorexia due to dysphagia, thus suggesting a probable family history. Based on the comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, and based on his ptosis, dysphagia, and family history, the patient was diagnosed with OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalio Izquierdo
- Department of Surgery, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PRI
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2
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Sun C, Serra C, Kalicharan BH, Harding J, Rao M. Challenges and Considerations of Preclinical Development for iPSC-Based Myogenic Cell Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:596. [PMID: 38607035 PMCID: PMC11011706 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a promising avenue in the field of regenerative medicine due to iPSCs' expandability, immune compatibility, and pluripotent potential. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical trials have been carried out, exploring the application of iPSC-based therapies for challenging diseases, such as muscular dystrophies. The unique syncytial nature of skeletal muscle allows stem/progenitor cells to integrate, forming new myonuclei and restoring the expression of genes affected by myopathies. This characteristic makes genome-editing techniques especially attractive in these therapies. With genetic modification and iPSC lineage specification methodologies, immune-compatible healthy iPSC-derived muscle cells can be manufactured to reverse the progression of muscle diseases or facilitate tissue regeneration. Despite this exciting advancement, much of the development of iPSC-based therapies for muscle diseases and tissue regeneration is limited to academic settings, with no successful clinical translation reported. The unknown differentiation process in vivo, potential tumorigenicity, and epigenetic abnormality of transplanted cells are preventing their clinical application. In this review, we give an overview on preclinical development of iPSC-derived myogenic cell transplantation therapies including processes related to iPSC-derived myogenic cells such as differentiation, scaling-up, delivery, and cGMP compliance. And we discuss the potential challenges of each step of clinical translation. Additionally, preclinical model systems for testing myogenic cells intended for clinical applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Sun
- Vita Therapeutics, Baltimore, MD 21043, USA (M.R.)
| | - Carlo Serra
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | | | - Mahendra Rao
- Vita Therapeutics, Baltimore, MD 21043, USA (M.R.)
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3
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Smith IC, Chakraborty S, Bourque PR, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Lochmüller H, Woulfe J, Parks RJ, Brais B, Warman-Chardon J. Emerging and established biomarkers of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:824-834. [PMID: 37926637 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare, primarily autosomal dominant, late onset muscular dystrophy commonly presenting with ptosis, dysphagia, and subsequent weakness of proximal muscles. Although OPMD diagnosis can be confirmed with high confidence by genetic testing, the slow progression of OPMD poses a significant challenge to clinical monitoring and a barrier to assessing the efficacy of treatments during clinical trials. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for more sensitive measures of OPMD progression, particularly those which do not require a muscle biopsy. This review provides an overview of progress in OPMD biomarkers from clinical assessment, quantitative imaging, histological assessments, and genomics, as well as hypothesis-generating "omics" approaches. The ongoing search for biomarkers relevant to OPMD progression needs an integrative, longitudinal approach combining validated and experimental approaches which may include clinical, imaging, demographic, and biochemical assessment methods. A multi-omics approach to biochemical biomarker discovery could help provide context for differences found between individuals with varying levels of disease activity and provide insight into pathomechanisms and prognosis of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Smith
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | | | - Pierre R Bourque
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Marcos L Sampaio
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital/University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada; Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Leiva D, Sepúlveda C, Toledo LD. Alteraciones del habla y deglución en pacientes con distrofia muscular: una revisión sistemática. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOGOPEDIA 2023. [DOI: 10.5209/rlog.83585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
La distrofia muscular corresponde a un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones musculares de origen genético. El propósito de esta revisión fue describir las principales alteraciones del habla y deglución que presentan los pacientes con distrofia muscular. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de artículos relevantes en el área, los cuales incluyeron en su descripción pacientes con distrofia muscular asociadas a trastornos del habla y/o deglución. Las bases de datos revisadas fueron EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science y Scopus. Se encontraron 15 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, involucrando un total de 526 participantes con un promedio de edad de 43,09 años. 12/15 estudios incluyeron medidas de deglución y/o alimentación y 3/15 incluyeron evaluación del habla. La revisión evidencia gran variabilidad en los instrumentos utilizados para describir las alteraciones del habla y deglución. En las distrofias musculares incluidas en la presente revisión se observó alteración principalmente en la etapa faríngea y dificultad en la formación del bolo asociado a alteraciones en la oclusión y fuerza muscular. El habla es un parámetro poco estudiado en este tipo de condición.
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Jordan DR, Klapper SR, Farmer J. Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy Ptosis, Mueller's Muscle Involvement, and a Review of Management Over 34 Years. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 38:535-542. [PMID: 35030153 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the management of the ptosis associated with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) from one author's experience over 34 years, demonstrate Mueller's muscle involvement in this disease, and how this impacts the preferred choice of surgery. METHODS Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative case series. Forty patients with OPMD who underwent primary bilateral ptosis surgery through an anterior eyelid incision and had their Mueller's muscle biopsied (one side) and sent for histopathologic analysis were selected for chart review. The main outcome measure was the presence or absence of dystrophic changes in the biopsied Mueller's muscle. RESULTS In 29/40 biopsies (72.5%), there were dystrophic changes and fatty infiltration of Mueller's muscle identified histopathologically. CONCLUSIONS Mueller's muscle is involved in the dystrophic process more often than expected contributing to ptosis in the OPMD syndrome. A combined Mueller's-aponeurotic advancement is more effective at elevating the eyelid than simply advancing the aponeurosis when Mueller's is fatty infiltrated at the time of external levator advancement surgery in our experience. Management strategies for ptosis surgery in OPMD are reviewed. The age of onset, levator muscle function, previous ptosis repair, how debilitated the patient is with their disease process systemically, as well as the presence of other eye problems (e.g., dry eye, prior glaucoma filtering procedures, history of corneal surgery, laser refractive procedure) are important clinical considerations in patients with OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Jordan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen R Klapper
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A
| | - James Farmer
- Department of Pathology, The Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Mei H, Boom J, El Abdellaoui S, Abdelmohsen K, Munk R, Martindale JL, Kloet S, Kielbasa SM, Sharp TH, Gorospe M, Raz V. Alternative polyadenylation utilization results in ribosome assembly and mRNA translation deficiencies in a model for muscle aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1130-1140. [PMID: 35245938 PMCID: PMC9159670 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated muscle wasting is regulated by multiple molecular processes, whereby aberrant mRNA processing regulation induces muscle wasting. The poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) regulates polyadenylation site (PAS) utilization, in the absence of PABPN1 the alternative PAS (APA) is utilized. Reduced PABPN1 levels induce muscle wasting where the expression of cellular processes regulating protein homeostasis, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and translation, are robustly dysregulated. Translation is impacted by mRNA levels, but PABPN1 impact on translation is not fully understood. Here we show that a persistent reduction in PABPN1 levels led to a significant loss of translation efficiency. RNA sequencing of rRNA-depleted libraries from polysome traces revealed reduced mRNA abundance across ribosomal fractions, as well as reduced levels of small RNAs. We show that the abundance of translated mRNAs in the polysomes correlated with PAS switches at the 3'-UTR. Those mRNAs are enriched in cellular processes that are essential for proper muscle function. This study suggests that the effect of PABPN1 on translation efficiency impacts protein homeostasis in aging-associated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Boom
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Salma El Abdellaoui
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Kloet
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szymone M Kielbasa
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Alonso-Pérez J, de León Hernández JC, Pérez-Pérez H, Mendoza-Grimón MD, Gutierrez-Martinez AJ, Hadjigeorgiou I, Montón-Álvarez F, González-Quereda L, Alonso-Jimenez A, Suárez-Calvet X, Díaz-Manera J. Clinical and genetic features of a large homogeneous cohort of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy patients from the Canary Islands. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1488-1495. [PMID: 35112761 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant, late-onset myopathy characterized by ptosis, dysphagia, and progressive proximal limb muscle weakness. The disease is produced by a short expansion of the (GCN)n triplet in the PABPN1 gene. The size of expansion has been correlated to the disease onset and severity. We report the clinical features of a large cohort of OPMD patients harboring the (GCN)15 allele from the Canary Islands. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed analyzing the clinical, demographic, and genetic data of 123 OPMD patients. Clinical data from this cohort were compared with clinical data collected in a large European study including 139 OPMD patients. RESULTS A total of 113 patients (94.2%) carried the (GCN)15 expanded PABN1 allele. Age of symptoms' onset was 45.1 years. The most frequent symptom at onset was ptosis (85.2%) followed by dysphagia (12%). The severity of the disease was milder in the Canary cohort compared to European patients as limb weakness (35.1% vs. 50.4%), the proportion of patients that require assistance for walking or use a wheelchair (9.3% vs. 27.4%), and needed of surgery because of severe dysphagia (4.6% vs. 22.8%) was higher in the European cohort. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 95% of patients with OPMD from the Canary Islands harbored the (GCN)15 expanded allele supporting a potential founder effect. Disease progression seemed to be milder in the (GCN)15 OPMD Canary cohort than in other cohorts with shorter expansions suggesting that other factors, apart from the expansion size, could be involved in the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Helena Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Dolores Mendoza-Grimón
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Montón-Álvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lidia González-Quereda
- Genetics Department, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso-Jimenez
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xavier Suárez-Calvet
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Ribot C, Soler C, Chartier A, Al Hayek S, Naït-Saïdi R, Barbezier N, Coux O, Simonelig M. Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system contributes to oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy through muscle atrophy. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010015. [PMID: 35025870 PMCID: PMC8791501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of specific muscles. OPMD is due to extension of a polyalanine tract in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). Aggregation of the mutant protein in muscle nuclei is a hallmark of the disease. Previous transcriptomic analyses revealed the consistent deregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in OPMD animal models and patients, suggesting a role of this deregulation in OPMD pathogenesis. Subsequent studies proposed that UPS contribution to OPMD involved PABPN1 aggregation. Here, we use a Drosophila model of OPMD to address the functional importance of UPS deregulation in OPMD. Through genome-wide and targeted genetic screens we identify a large number of UPS components that are involved in OPMD. Half dosage of UPS genes reduces OPMD muscle defects suggesting a pathological increase of UPS activity in the disease. Quantification of proteasome activity confirms stronger activity in OPMD muscles, associated with degradation of myofibrillar proteins. Importantly, improvement of muscle structure and function in the presence of UPS mutants does not correlate with the levels of PABPN1 aggregation, but is linked to decreased degradation of muscle proteins. Oral treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 is beneficial to the OPMD Drosophila model, improving muscle function although PABPN1 aggregation is enhanced. This functional study reveals the importance of increased UPS activity that underlies muscle atrophy in OPMD. It also provides a proof-of-concept that inhibitors of proteasome activity might be an attractive pharmacological approach for OPMD. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a genetic disease characterized by progressive weakness of specific muscles, leading to swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), eyelid drooping (ptosis) and walking difficulties at later stages. No drug treatments are currently available. OPMD is due to mutations in a nuclear protein called poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) that is involved in processing of different classes of RNAs in the nucleus. We have used an animal model of OPMD that we have developed in the fly Drosophila to investigate the role in OPMD of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, a pathway specialized in protein degradation. We report an increased activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system that is associated with degradation of muscular proteins in the OPMD Drosophila model. We propose that higher activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system leads to muscle atrophy in OPMD. Importantly, oral treatment of this OPMD animal model with an inhibitor of proteasome activity reduces muscle defects. A number of proteasome inhibitors are approved drugs used in clinic against cancers, therefore our results provide a proof-of-concept that inhibitors of proteasome might be of interest in future treatments of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ribot
- mRNA Regulation and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Soler
- mRNA Regulation and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aymeric Chartier
- mRNA Regulation and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandy Al Hayek
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rima Naït-Saïdi
- mRNA Regulation and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Barbezier
- mRNA Regulation and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Coux
- Ubiquitin-proteasome system and cell cycle control, Montpellier Cell Biology Research Center, UMR5237 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Simonelig
- mRNA Regulation and Development, Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kroon RHMJM, Kalf JG, de Swart BJM, van der Sluijs BM, Glennon JC, Raz V, van Engelen BG, Horlings CGC. Longitudinal Assessment of Strength, Functional Capacity, Oropharyngeal Function, and Quality of Life in Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. Neurology 2021; 97:e1475-e1483. [PMID: 34380753 PMCID: PMC8575133 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset, progressive muscle disease. Disease progression is known to be slow, but details on the natural history remain unknown. We aimed to examine the natural history of OPMD in a large nationwide cohort to determine clinical outcome measures that capture disease progression and can be used in future clinical trials. METHODS Patients invited by their treating physicians or identified from the national neuromuscular database and invited family members were examined twice 20 months apart with fixed dynamometry; Medical Research Council (MRC) grading; maximum bite force and isometric tongue strength; Motor Function Measure (MFM); 10-step stair test; maximum swallowing, chewing, and speech tasks; and quality of life assessments. RESULTS Disease progression was captured by 8 of 18 measures over 20 months in 43 patients with genetically confirmed OPMD. The largest deterioration was seen in deltoid muscle strength (-27% [range -17% to -37%]), followed by the quadriceps (-14% [range -6 to -23%]), iliopsoas (-12.2%), tongue (-9.9%), and MRC sum score (-2.5%). The 10-step stair test (-12.5%), MFM part D1 (-7.1%), and maximum repetition rate of /pa/ (-5.3%) showed a significant decrease as well (all p < 0.05). The Physical Functioning domain of the Short Form-36 Health Survey significantly deteriorated (p = 0.044). No relationship was found between disease progression and genotype or disease duration (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION Despite the slow disease progression of OPMD, this study showed that several outcome measures detected progression within 20 months. Deltoid muscle strength, measured by fixed dynamometry, showed the greatest decline. These longitudinal data provide clinical outcome measures that can be used as biomarkers in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie H M J M Kroon
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna G Kalf
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bert J M de Swart
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M van der Sluijs
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Baziel G van Engelen
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Corinne G C Horlings
- From the Departments of Rehabilitation (R.H.M.J.M.K., J.G.K., B.J.M.d.S.) and Neurology (B.G.v.E., C.G.C.H.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen; Department of Neurology (B.M.v.d.S.), Gelre Hospital Zutphen, the Netherlands; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research (J.C.G.), School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Human Genetics (V.R.), Leiden University Medical Centre; and Department of Neurology (C.G.C.H., Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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10
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Nishii YS, Noto YI, Yasuda R, Kitaoji T, Ashida S, Tanaka E, Minami N, Nishino I, Mizuno T. A Japanese case of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) with PABPN1 c.35G > C; p.Gly12Ala point mutation. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:265. [PMID: 34225694 PMCID: PMC8256512 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset muscular dystrophy characterised by slowly progressive ptosis, dysphagia, and proximal limb muscle weakness. A common cause of OPMD is the short expansion of a GCG or GCA trinucleotide repeat in PABPN1 gene. Case presentation A 78-year-old woman presented with ptosis and gradually progressive dysphagia. Her son had the same symptoms. A physical examination and muscle imaging (MRI and ultrasound) showed impairment of the tongue, proximal muscles of the upper limbs, and flexor muscles of the lower limbs. Needle-electromyography (EMG) of bulbar and facial muscles revealed a myopathic pattern. Based on the characteristic muscle involvement pattern and needle-EMG findings, we suspected that the patient had OPMD. Gene analysis revealed PABPN1 c.35G > C point mutation, which mimicked the effect of a common causative repeat expansion mutation of OPMD. Conclusion We herein describe the first reported Japanese case of OPMD with PABPN1 point mutation, suggesting that this mutation is causative in Asians as well as in Europeans, in whom it was originally reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Suke Nishii
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Noto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
| | - Rei Yasuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Takamasa Kitaoji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Shinji Ashida
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Eijirou Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
| | - Narihiro Minami
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan
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11
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Nicolau S, Milone M, Liewluck T. Guidelines for genetic testing of muscle and neuromuscular junction disorders. Muscle Nerve 2021; 64:255-269. [PMID: 34133031 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of inherited muscle and neuromuscular junction diseases, as well as the advent of a wide range of genetic tests, patients continue to face delays in diagnosis of sometimes treatable disorders. These guidelines outline an approach to genetic testing in such disorders. Initially, a patient's phenotype is evaluated to identify myopathies requiring directed testing, including myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, mitochondrial myopathies, dystrophinopathies, and oculopharyngodistal myopathy. Initial investigation in the remaining patients is generally a comprehensive gene panel by next-generation sequencing. Broad panels have a higher diagnostic yield and can be cost-effective. Due to extensive phenotypic overlap and treatment implications, genes responsible for congenital myasthenic syndromes should be included when evaluating myopathy patients. For patients whose initial genetic testing is negative or inconclusive, phenotypic re-evaluation is warranted, along with consideration of genes and variants not included initially, as well as their acquired mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nicolau
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Teerin Liewluck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Raz V, Kroon RHMJM, Mei H, Riaz M, Buermans H, Lassche S, Horlings C, Swart BD, Kalf J, Harish P, Vissing J, Kielbasa S, van Engelen BGM. Age-Associated Salivary MicroRNA Biomarkers for Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176059. [PMID: 32842713 PMCID: PMC7503697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of mRNA stability. Their features, including high stability and secretion to biofluids, make them attractive as potential biomarkers for diverse pathologies. This is the first study reporting miRNA as potential biomarkers for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), an adult-onset myopathy. We hypothesized that miRNA that is differentially expressed in affected muscles from OPMD patients is secreted to biofluids and those miRNAs could be used as biomarkers for OPMD. We first identified candidate miRNAs from OPMD-affected muscles and from muscles from an OPMD mouse model using RNA sequencing. We then compared the OPMD-deregulated miRNAs to the literature and, subsequently, we selected a few candidates for expression studies in serum and saliva biofluids using qRT-PCR. We identified 126 miRNAs OPMD-deregulated in human muscles, but 36 deregulated miRNAs in mice only (pFDR < 0.05). Only 15 OPMD-deregulated miRNAs overlapped between the in humans and mouse studies. The majority of the OPMD-deregulated miRNAs showed opposite deregulation direction compared with known muscular dystrophies miRNAs (myoMirs), which are associated. In contrast, similar dysregulation direction was found for 13 miRNAs that are common between OPMD and aging muscles. A significant age-association (p < 0.05) was found for 17 OPMD-deregulated miRNAs (13.4%), whereas in controls, only six miRNAs (1.4%) showed a significant age-association, suggesting that miRNA expression in OPMD is highly age-associated. miRNA expression in biofluids revealed that OPMD-associated deregulation in saliva was similar to that in muscles, but not in serum. The same as in muscle, miRNA expression levels in saliva were also found to be associated with age (p < 0.05). Moreover, the majority of OPMD-miRNAs were found to be associated with dysphagia as an initial symptom. We suggest that levels of specific miRNAs in saliva can mark muscle degeneration in general and dysphagia in OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosemarie H. M. J. M. Kroon
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.H.M.J.M.K.); (B.D.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequence Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Henk Buermans
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (H.B.)
| | - Saskia Lassche
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.L.); (C.H.); (B.G.M.v.E.)
| | - Corinne Horlings
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.L.); (C.H.); (B.G.M.v.E.)
| | - Bert De Swart
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.H.M.J.M.K.); (B.D.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Johanna Kalf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (R.H.M.J.M.K.); (B.D.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Pradeep Harish
- Centre of Gene and Cell Therapy, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW2 0EX, UK;
| | - John Vissing
- The Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Righospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Szymon Kielbasa
- Sequence Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; (H.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Baziel G. M. van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.L.); (C.H.); (B.G.M.v.E.)
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13
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Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy, an Often Misdiagnosed Neuromuscular Disorder: A Southern California Experience. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 21:61-68. [PMID: 31743248 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by late-onset development of bilateral eyelid ptosis, ophthalmoparesis and dysphagia with further progression to proximal limb muscle weakness that is an under recognized condition. The mode of inheritance is usually autosomal dominant, but a recessive form has been reported. OPMD is caused by a short expansion of the alanine repeat (GCN trinucleotide) in the poly(adenylate)-binding protein nuclear1 (PABPN1) gene. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of undiagnosed cases that initially presented with ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, muscle weakness, muscular dystrophy and/or myasthenia gravis from 2000 to 2015 at two institutions in Southern California. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were identified to have OPMD with genetic confirmation. CONCLUSIONS Even though a rare condition, the prevalence is disproportionally frequent in certain ethnic groups and in certain regions; thus, we report our experience of OPMD patients in Southern California.
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14
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van Putten M, Lloyd EM, de Greef JC, Raz V, Willmann R, Grounds MD. Mouse models for muscular dystrophies: an overview. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm043562. [PMID: 32224495 PMCID: PMC7044454 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) encompass a wide variety of inherited disorders that are characterized by loss of muscle tissue associated with a progressive reduction in muscle function. With a cure lacking for MDs, preclinical developments of therapeutic approaches depend on well-characterized animal models that recapitulate the specific pathology in patients. The mouse is the most widely and extensively used model for MDs, and it has played a key role in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying MD pathogenesis. This has enabled the development of therapeutic strategies. Owing to advancements in genetic engineering, a wide variety of mouse models are available for the majority of MDs. Here, we summarize the characteristics of the most commonly used mouse models for a subset of highly studied MDs, collated into a table. Together with references to key publications describing these models, this brief but detailed overview would be useful for those interested in, or working with, mouse models of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike van Putten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Erin M Lloyd
- The University of Western Australia, School of Human Sciences, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jessica C de Greef
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda D Grounds
- The University of Western Australia, School of Human Sciences, Perth 6009, Australia
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15
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Angelini C, Pinzan E. Advances in imaging of brain abnormalities in neuromuscular disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419845567. [PMID: 31105770 PMCID: PMC6503605 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419845567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy, white matter abnormalities, and ventricular enlargement have been described in different neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the substantial advancement of brain imaging in neuromuscular diseases by consulting the main libraries (Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar) including the more common forms of muscular dystrophies such as dystrophinopathies, dystroglycanopathies, myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, congenital myotonia, and congenital myopathies. A consistent, widespread cortical and subcortical involvement of grey and white matter was found. Abnormalities in the functional connectivity in brain networks and metabolic alterations were observed with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Pathological brain changes with cognitive dysfunction seemed to be frequently associated in NMDs. In particular, in congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs), skeletal muscular weakness, severe hypotonia, WM abnormalities, ventricular dilatation and abnormalities in cerebral gyration were observed. In dystroglycanopathy 2I subtype (LGMD2I), adult patients showed subcortical atrophy and a WM periventricular involvement, moderate ventriculomegaly, and enlargement of subarachnoid spaces. Correlations with clinical features have been observed with brain imaging characteristics and alterations were prominent in congenital or childhood onset cases. In myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) symptoms seem to be less severe than in type 1 (DM1). In Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD) cortical atrophy is associated with minimal ventricular dilatation and WM abnormalities. Late-onset glycogenosis type II (GSD II) or Pompe infantile forms are characterized by delayed myelination. Only in a few cases of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) central nervous system involvement has been described and associated with executive functions impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, Via
Alberoni 70, Venezia, 30126, Italia
| | - Elena Pinzan
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, Venezia,
Italia
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16
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Cappelletti C, Galbardi B, Bruttini M, Salerno F, Canioni E, Pasanisi MB, Rodolico C, Brizzi T, Mora M, Renieri A, Maggi L, Bernasconi P, Mantegazza R. Aging-associated genes and let-7 microRNAs: a contribution to myogenic program dysregulation in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2019; 33:7155-7167. [PMID: 30860873 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801577rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset muscle disease caused by an abnormal (GCN) triplet expansion within the polyadenylate-binding protein nuclear 1 gene and consequent mRNA processing impairment and myogenic defects. Because a reduced cell proliferation potential and the consequent regeneration failure of aging muscle have been shown to be governed by lethal-7 (let-7) microRNA-mediated mechanisms, in the present study, we evaluated the role of let-7 in the pathogenesis of OPMD. By a multidisciplinary approach, including confocal microscopy, Western blot, and quantitative PCR analyses on muscle biopsies from patients and unaffected individuals, we found a significant increase in let-7 expression in OPMD muscles associated with an unusual high percentage of paired box 7-positive satellite cells. Furthermore, IL-6, a cytokine involved in the regulation of satellite cell proliferation and differentiation and a potential target of let-7, was found strongly down-regulated in OPMD compared with control muscles. The decrease in IL-6 transcript levels and protein content was also confirmed in vitro during differentiation of patients' and controls' muscle cells. Overall, our data suggest a key role of let-7 in the regeneration and degeneration process in OPMD muscle and pointed to IL-6 as a potential target molecule for new therapeutic approaches for this disorder.-Cappelletti, C., Galbardi, B., Bruttini, M., Salerno, F., Canioni, E., Pasanisi, M. B., Rodolico, C., Brizzi, T., Mora, M., Renieri, A., Maggi, L., Bernasconi, P., Mantegazza, R. Aging-associated genes and let-7 microRNAs: a contribution to myogenic program dysregulation in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cappelletti
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Galbardi
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Bruttini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Salerno
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Canioni
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Barbara Pasanisi
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; and
| | - Teresa Brizzi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; and.,Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (DiBiMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Mora
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Pia Bernasconi
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Mantegazza
- Neurology IV-Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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17
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Nuevas herramientas diagnósticas de biología molecular en enfermedades neuromusculares. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Corbett AH. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and human disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:96-104. [PMID: 29518673 PMCID: PMC5988930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A large number of mutations in genes that encode RNA binding proteins cause human disease. Many of these RNA binding proteins mediate key steps in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression from mRNA processing to eventual decay in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, these RNA binding proteins, which are ubiquitously expressed and play fundamental roles in gene expression, are often altered in tissue-specific disease. Mutations linked to disease impact nearly every post-transcriptional processing step and cause diverse disease phenotypes in a variety of specific tissues. This review summarizes steps in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that have been linked to disease providing specific examples of some of the many genes affected. Finally, recent advances that hold promise for treatment of some of these diseases are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, RRC 1021, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta 30322, GA, United States.
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19
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Tabor LC, Plowman EK, Romero-Clark C, Youssof S. Oropharyngeal dysphagia profiles in individuals with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13251. [PMID: 29144056 PMCID: PMC5878694 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dysphagia represents a hallmark manifestation of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), limited knowledge exists regarding the underlying nature of oropharyngeal swallowing impairments in this patient population. We aimed to delineate global pharyngeal dysphagia profiles in OPMD and identify the prevalence and physiologic associations of impairments in swallowing safety and efficiency. METHODS Twenty-two individuals with OPMD completed a videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation. Blinded raters completed validated scales of global dysphagia (dynamic imaging grade of swallowing toxicity, DIGEST), efficiency (normalized residue ratio scale, NRRS), and safety (penetration-aspiration scale, PAS). Degree of laryngeal vestibule closure and aspiration events were described. Descriptives and chi-squared analyses were conducted with alpha set at P < .05. KEY RESULTS One hundred and thirty-four swallowing trials were analyzed. DIGEST scores revealed that 96% (n = 21) of participants demonstrated pharyngeal dysphagia (score >1). Presence of a cricopharyngeal bar was noted in 10 individuals. The predominant swallowing categorization across patients was safe and inefficient (51%) followed by unsafe and inefficient (32%). 77.3% demonstrated vallecular residue (NRRSv>0.07) and 90.1% piriform sinus residue (NRRSp > .20). 33% (n = 54) of swallows were unsafe (PAS>3) with 45 episodes of penetration and 9 episodes of aspiration. Aspiration occurred during the swallow in 100% of identified occurrences. Incomplete epiglottic inversion was associated with airway compromise and postswallow residue (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These findings highlight the high prevalence of oropharyngeal swallowing impairments in both swallowing efficiency and safety. A high proportion of physiologic impairments in epiglottic inversion and laryngeal vestibule closure were noted that related to functional impairments in swallow safety and inefficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Tabor
- Swallowing Systems Core, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida
| | - Emily K. Plowman
- Swallowing Systems Core, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Science, University of Florida,Department of Neurology, University of Florida,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida
| | | | - Sarah Youssof
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center,Department of Neurology
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20
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Raz V, Dickson G, 't Hoen PAC. Dysfunctional transcripts are formed by alternative polyadenylation in OPMD. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73516-73528. [PMID: 29088723 PMCID: PMC5650278 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcription mRNA processing in the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of transcripts alters mRNA landscape. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) utilization in the 3’-UTR often leads to shorter 3’-UTR affecting mRNA stability, a process that is regulated by PABPN1. In skeletal muscles PABPN1 levels reduce with age and a greater decrease in found in Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). OPMD is a late onset autosomal dominant myopathy caused by expansion mutation in PABPN1. In OPMD models a shift from distal to proximal polyadenylation site utilization in the 3’-UTR, and PABPN1 was shown to play a prominent role in APA. Whether PABPN1-mediated APA transcripts are functional is not fully understood. We investigate nuclear export and translation efficiency of transcripts in OPMD models. We focused on autophagy-regulated genes (ATGs) with APA utilization in cell models with reduced functional PABPN1. We provide evidence that ATGs transcripts from distal PAS retain in the nucleus and thus have reduced translation efficiency in cells with reduced PABPN1. In contrast, transcripts from proximal PAS showed a higher cytoplasmic abundance but a reduced occupancy in the ribosome. We therefore suggest that in reduced PABPN1 levels ATG transcripts from APA may not effectively translate to proteins. In those conditions we found constitutive autophagosome fusion and reduced autophagy flux. Augmentation of PABPN1 restored autophagosome fusion, suggesting that PABPN1-mediated APA plays a role in autophagy in OPMD and in aging muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George Dickson
- School of Biological Science, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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PABPN1-Dependent mRNA Processing Induces Muscle Wasting. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006031. [PMID: 27152426 PMCID: PMC4859507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A) Binding Protein Nuclear 1 (PABPN1) is a multifunctional regulator of mRNA processing, and its expression levels specifically decline in aging muscles. An expansion mutation in PABPN1 is the genetic cause of oculopharyngeal muscle dystrophy (OPMD), a late onset and rare myopathy. Moreover, reduced PABPN1 expression correlates with symptom manifestation in OPMD. PABPN1 regulates alternative polyadenylation site (PAS) utilization. However, the impact of PAS utilization on cell and tissue function is poorly understood. We hypothesized that altered PABPN1 expression levels is an underlying cause of muscle wasting. To test this, we stably down-regulated PABPN1 in mouse tibialis anterior (TA) muscles by localized injection of adeno-associated viruses expressing shRNA to PABPN1 (shPab). We found that a mild reduction in PABPN1 levels causes muscle pathology including myofiber atrophy, thickening of extracellular matrix and myofiber-type transition. Moreover, reduced PABPN1 levels caused a consistent decline in distal PAS utilization in the 3’-UTR of a subset of OPMD-dysregulated genes. This alternative PAS utilization led to up-regulation of Atrogin-1, a key muscle atrophy regulator, but down regulation of proteasomal genes. Additionally reduced PABPN1 levels caused a reduction in proteasomal activity, and transition in MyHC isotope expression pattern in myofibers. We suggest that PABPN1-mediated alternative PAS utilization plays a central role in aging-associated muscle wasting. PABPN1 is a multifunctional regulator of mRNA processing and its levels are reduced in skeletal muscles from midlife onwards. Reduced PABPN1 levels in a mouse model causes muscle atrophy and muscle fiber switches. We show that PABPN1-regulated muscle atrophy is regulated, in part, by up regulation of Atrogin1 and reduced expression of proteasome genes via an alternative polyadenylation site utilization. This study reveals a functional role for alternative polyadenylation site utilization in muscle atrophy and suggests a role for RNA processing in muscle aging.
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The Dutch patients' perspective on oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: A questionnaire study on fatigue, pain and impairments. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:221-6. [PMID: 26948710 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy focuses mainly on genetic and pathophysiological aspects. Clinically, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is often considered as a disease with a relatively mild initial disease course with no or only mild functional disabilities. However the occurrence of fatigue, pain and functional impairments other than dysphagia has never been studied systematically. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the prevalence of fatigue, pain, and functional limitations, and the social participation and psychological well-being of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy patients. We performed a questionnaire study on fatigue, pain, functional impairments, social participation and psychological distress in 35 genetically confirmed oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy patients with an average disease duration of 11.6 years. We showed that 19 (54%) of the patients experienced severe fatigue and also 19 (54%) experienced pain. Limitations in daily life activities and social participation were detected in 33 (94%) of the patients. Many patients reported pelvic girdle weakness and limitations in ambulation. Fatigue severity was related to functional impairments, while pain and disease duration were not. Psychological distress was not different from healthy adults. In conclusion, fatigue and pain are present among approximately half of the patients, and almost all patients are impaired in daily life activities, social participation and ambulation. These data should be taken into account in symptomatic management of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
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Kharma N, Varin L, Abu-Baker A, Ouellet J, Najeh S, Ehdaeivand MR, Belmonte G, Ambri A, Rouleau G, Perreault J. Automated design of hammerhead ribozymes and validation by targeting the PABPN1 gene transcript. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:e39. [PMID: 26527730 PMCID: PMC4770207 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new publicly accessible web-service, RiboSoft, which implements a comprehensive hammerhead ribozyme design procedure. It accepts as input a target sequence (and some design parameters) then generates a set of ranked hammerhead ribozymes, which target the input sequence. This paper describes the implemented procedure, which takes into consideration multiple objectives leading to a multi-objective ranking of the computer-generated ribozymes. Many ribozymes were assayed and validated, including four ribozymes targeting the transcript of a disease-causing gene (a mutant version of PABPN1). These four ribozymes were successfully tested in vitro and in vivo, for their ability to cleave the targeted transcript. The wet-lab positive results of the test are presented here demonstrating the real-world potential of both hammerhead ribozymes and RiboSoft. RiboSoft is freely available at the website http://ribosoft.fungalgenomics.ca/ribosoft/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawwaf Kharma
- Electrical & Computer Eng. Dept., Concordia University, 1455 boul. de Maisonneuve O., Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Luc Varin
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Aida Abu-Baker
- Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ouellet
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sabrine Najeh
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Gabriel Belmonte
- Electrical & Computer Eng. Dept., Concordia University, 1455 boul. de Maisonneuve O., Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Anas Ambri
- Electrical & Computer Eng. Dept., Concordia University, 1455 boul. de Maisonneuve O., Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Perreault
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
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Regulated Intron Retention and Nuclear Pre-mRNA Decay Contribute to PABPN1 Autoregulation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2503-17. [PMID: 25963658 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00070-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 is encoded by the PABPN1 gene, whose mutations result in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, a late-onset disorder for which the molecular basis remains unknown. Despite recent studies investigating the functional roles of PABPN1, little is known about its regulation. Here, we show that PABPN1 negatively controls its own expression to maintain homeostatic levels in human cells. Transcription from the PABPN1 gene results in the accumulation of two major isoforms: an unspliced nuclear transcript that retains the 3'-terminal intron and a fully spliced cytoplasmic mRNA. Increased dosage of PABPN1 protein causes a significant decrease in the spliced/unspliced ratio, reducing the levels of endogenous PABPN1 protein. We also show that PABPN1 autoregulation requires inefficient splicing of its 3'-terminal intron. Our data suggest that autoregulation occurs via the binding of PABPN1 to an adenosine (A)-rich region in its 3' untranslated region, which promotes retention of the 3'-terminal intron and clearance of intron-retained pre-mRNAs by the nuclear exosome. Our findings unveil a mechanism of regulated intron retention coupled to nuclear pre-mRNA decay that functions in the homeostatic control of PABPN1 expression.
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Davis R, Shi Y. The polyadenylation code: a unified model for the regulation of mRNA alternative polyadenylation. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:429-37. [PMID: 24793760 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The majority of eukaryotic genes produce multiple mRNA isoforms with distinct 3' ends through a process called mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA). Recent studies have demonstrated that APA is dynamically regulated during development and in response to environmental stimuli. A number of mechanisms have been described for APA regulation. In this review, we attempt to integrate all the known mechanisms into a unified model. This model not only explains most of previous results, but also provides testable predictions that will improve our understanding of the mechanistic details of APA regulation. Finally, we briefly discuss the known and putative functions of APA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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26
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Shan J, Chen B, Lin P, Li D, Luo Y, Ji K, Zheng J, Yuan Y, Yan C. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: phenotypic and genotypic studies in a Chinese population. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:782-6. [PMID: 25283883 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant late-onset neuromuscular degenerative disease characterized by ptosis, dysphagia, and proximal muscle weakness. The genetic basis has been identified as an abnormal (GCN) expansion encoding the polyalanine tract in exon 1 of the polyadenylate-binding protein nuclear 1 gene (PABPN1). OPMD is worldwide distributed, but has rarely been reported in East Asians. In this study, we summarized the clinical and genetic characteristics of 34 individuals from 13 unrelated families in Chinese population. In our cohort, the mean age at onset was 47.2 years. Dysphagia, rather than ptosis, was the most common initial symptom. Genetically, we identified seven genotypes in our patients, including one compound heterozygote of (GCN)11/(GCN)12. The genetic heterogeneity implies that there is no single founder effect in Chinese population, and our data also support that the (GCN)11 polymorphism may have a disease-modifying effect. Additionally, the clinical features showed homogeneity within families, which suggests that other genetic factors apart from the already known genotype also play a role in modifying the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Shan
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Disorders and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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27
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Witting N, Mensah A, Køber L, Bundgaard H, Petri H, Duno M, Milea D, Vissing J. Ocular, bulbar, limb, and cardiopulmonary involvement in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Acta Neurol Scand 2014; 130:125-30. [PMID: 24611576 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess skeletal muscle weakness and progression as well as the cardiopulmonary involvement in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study including symptomatic patients with genetically confirmed OPMD. Patients were assessed by medical history, ptosis, ophthalmoplegia, facial and limb strength, and swallowing capability. Cardiopulmonary function was evaluated using forced expiratory capacity in 1 s (FEV1), electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitoring, and echocardiography. RESULTS We included 13 symptomatic patients (six males, mean age; 64 years (41-80) from 8 families. Ptosis was the first symptom in 8/13 patients followed by limb weakness in the remaining 5 patients Dysphagia was never the presenting symptom. At the time of examination, all affected patients had ptosis or had previously been operated for ptosis, while ophthalmoplegia was found in 9 patients. Dysphagia, tested by cold-water swallowing test, was abnormal in 9 patients (17-116 s, ref <8 s). Six patients could not climb stairs of whom two were wheelchair bound and one used a rollator. Six patients had reduced FEV1 (range 23%-59%). No cardiac involvement was identified. CONCLUSIONS Limiting limb weakness is common in OPMD and can even be the presenting symptom of the disease. In contrast, dysphagia was not the initial symptom in any of our patients, although it was obligatory for diagnosing OPMD before genetic testing became available. Mild respiratory dysfunction, but no cardiac involvement, was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Witting
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Unit; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. Mensah
- Department of Ophthalmology; Glostrup Hospital; Glostrup Denmark
| | - L. Køber
- Department of Cardiology; The Heart Centre; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology; The Heart Centre; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. Petri
- Department of Cardiology; The Heart Centre; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Duno
- Clinical Genetics; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - D. Milea
- Department of Ophthalmology; Glostrup Hospital; Glostrup Denmark
- Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Eye Research Institute and Duke-NUS; Singapore City Singapore
| | - J. Vissing
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Unit; University of Copenhagen; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
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Abstract
With advances in the genetics of muscle disease, the term, muscular dystrophy, has expanded to include mutations in an increasing large list of genes. This review discusses the genetics, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of the most common forms of muscular dystrophy: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy. Other forms of muscular dystrophy and other genetic muscle disorders are also discussed to provide an overview of this complex clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry B Shieh
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Medical Center, 300 Medical Plaza, Suite B-200, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Gallagher PS, Oeser ML, Abraham AC, Kaganovich D, Gardner RG. Cellular maintenance of nuclear protein homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1865-79. [PMID: 24305949 PMCID: PMC3999211 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins is the primary hallmark for more than 45 human degenerative diseases. These devastating disorders include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Over 15 degenerative diseases are associated with the aggregation of misfolded proteins specifically in the nucleus of cells. However, how the cell safeguards the nucleus from misfolded proteins is not entirely clear. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the cellular mechanisms that maintain protein homeostasis in the nucleus and protect the nucleus from misfolded protein accumulation and aggregation. In particular, we focus on the chaperones found to localize to the nucleus during stress, the ubiquitin-proteasome components enriched in the nucleus, the signaling systems that might be present in the nucleus to coordinate folding and degradation, and the sites of misfolded protein deposition associated with the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S Gallagher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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30
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A Novel Feed-Forward Loop between ARIH2 E3-Ligase and PABPN1 Regulates Aging-Associated Muscle Degeneration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1119-1131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Goodwin M, Swanson MS. RNA-binding protein misregulation in microsatellite expansion disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 825:353-88. [PMID: 25201111 PMCID: PMC4483269 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1221-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play pivotal roles in multiple cellular pathways from transcription to RNA turnover by interacting with RNA sequence and/or structural elements to form distinct RNA-protein complexes. Since these complexes are required for the normal regulation of gene expression, mutations that alter RBP functions may result in a cascade of deleterious events that lead to severe disease. Here, we focus on a group of hereditary disorders, the microsatellite expansion diseases, which alter RBP activities and result in abnormal neurological and neuromuscular phenotypes. While many of these diseases are classified as adult-onset disorders, mounting evidence indicates that disruption of normal RNA-protein interaction networks during embryogenesis modifies developmental pathways, which ultimately leads to disease manifestations later in life. Efforts to understand the molecular basis of these disorders has already uncovered novel pathogenic mechanisms, including RNA toxicity and repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation, and current studies suggest that additional surprising insights into cellular regulatory pathways will emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Goodwin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Cancer Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-3610, USA
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Anvar SY, Raz Y, Verway N, van der Sluijs B, Venema A, Goeman JJ, Vissing J, van der Maarel SM, 't Hoen PAC, van Engelen BGM, Raz V. A decline in PABPN1 induces progressive muscle weakness in oculopharyngeal muscle dystrophy and in muscle aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:412-26. [PMID: 23793615 PMCID: PMC3824410 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion mutations in Poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABPN1). PABPN1 is a regulator of mRNA stability and is ubiquitously expressed. Here we investigated how symptoms in OPMD initiate only at midlife and why a subset of skeletal muscles is predominantly affected. Genome-wide RNA expression profiles from Vastus lateralis muscles human carriers of expanded-PABPN1 at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages were compared with healthy controls. Major expression changes were found to be associated with age rather than with expression of expanded-PABPN1, instead transcriptomes of OPMD and elderly muscles were significantly similar (P<0.05). Using k-means clustering we identified age-dependent trends in both OPMD and controls, but trends were often accelerated in OPMD. We report an age-regulated decline in PABPN1 levels in Vastus lateralis muscles from the fifth decade. In concurrence with severe muscle degeneration in OPMD, the decline in PABPN1 accelerated in OPMD and was specific to skeletal muscles. Reduced PABPN1 levels (30% to 60%) in muscle cells induced myogenic defects and morphological signatures of cellular aging in proportion to PABPN1 expression levels. We suggest that PABPN1 levels regulate muscle cell aging and OPMD represents an accelerated muscle aging disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Yahya Anvar
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Raz V, Sterrenburg E, Routledge S, Venema A, van der Sluijs BM, Trollet C, Dickson G, van Engelen BGM, van der Maarel SM, Antoniou MN. Nuclear entrapment and extracellular depletion of PCOLCE is associated with muscle degeneration in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:70. [PMID: 23815790 PMCID: PMC3717027 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle fibrosis characterizes degenerated muscles in muscular dystrophies and in late onset myopathies. Fibrotic muscles often exhibit thickening of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The molecular regulation of this process is not fully understood. In oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), an expansion of an alanine tract at the N-terminus of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) causes muscle symptoms. OPMD patient muscle degeneration initiates after midlife, while at an earlier age carriers of alanine expansion mutant PABPN1 (expPABPN1) are clinically pre-symptomatic. OPMD is characterized by fibrosis in skeletal muscles but the causative molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS We studied the molecular processes that are involved in OPMD pathology using cross-species mRNA expression profiles in muscles from patients and model systems. We identified significant dysregulation of the ECM functional group, among which the procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1 gene (PCOLCE) was consistently down-regulated across species. We investigated PCOLCE subcellular localization in OPMD muscle samples and OPMD model systems to investigate any functional relevance of PCOLCE down-regulation in this disease. RESULTS We found that muscle degeneration in OPMD is associated with PCOLCE down-regulation. In addition to its known presence at the ECM, we also found PCOLCE within the nucleus of muscle cells. PCOLCE sub-cellular localization changes during myoblast cell fusion and is disrupted in cells expressing mutant expPABPN1. Our results show that PCOLCE binds to soluble PABPN1 and co-localizes with aggregated PABPN1 with a preference for the mutant protein. In muscle biopsies from OPMD patients we find that extracellular PCOLCE is depleted with its concomitant enrichment within the nuclear compartment. CONCLUSIONS PCOLCE regulates collagen processing at the ECM. Depletion of extracellular PCOLCE is associated with the expression of expPABPN1 in OPMD patient muscles. PCOLCE is also localized within the nucleus where it binds to PABPN1, suggesting that PCOLCE shuttles between the ECM and the nucleus. PCOLCE preferentially binds to expPABPN1. Nuclear-localized PCOLCE is enriched in muscle cells expressing expPABPN1. We suggest that nuclear entrapment of PCOLCE and its extracellular depletion represents a novel molecular mechanism in late-onset muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Raz
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Quantitative MRI can detect subclinical disease progression in muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 2013; 259:1648-54. [PMID: 22297459 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy with late onset and slow progression. The aim of this study was to compare different methods of quantitative MRI in the follow-up of OPMD to semiquantitative evaluation of MRI images and to functional parameters. We examined 8 patients with genetically confirmed OPMD and 5 healthy volunteers twice at an interval of 13 months. Motor function measurements (MFM) were assessed. Imaging at 1.5 T (Siemens Magnetom Avanto) comprised two axial slice groups at the largest diameter of thigh and calf and included T1w TSE, 2-point Dixon for muscular fat fraction (MFF) and a multi-contrast TSE sequence to calculate quantitative T2 values. T1 images were analyzed using Fischer's semiquantitative 5-point (0–4) scale. MFM and visual scores showed no significant difference over the study period. Overall T2 values increased in patients over the study period from 49.4 to 51.6 ms, MFF increased from 19.2 to 20.7%. Neither T2 values nor MFF increased in controls. Changes in T2 correlated with the time interval between examinations (r 2 = 0.42). In this small pilot trial, it was shown that quantitative muscle MRI can detect subclinical changes in patients with OPMD. Quantitative MRI might, therefore, be a useful tool for monitoring disease progression in future therapeutic trials.
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Raz V, Butler-Browne G, van Engelen B, Brais B. 191st ENMC International Workshop: Recent advances in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy research: From bench to bedside 8-10 June 2012, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:516-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Beaulieu YB, Kleinman CL, Landry-Voyer AM, Majewski J, Bachand F. Polyadenylation-dependent control of long noncoding RNA expression by the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003078. [PMID: 23166521 PMCID: PMC3499365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that is thought to function during mRNA poly(A) tail synthesis in the nucleus. Despite the predicted role of PABPN1 in mRNA polyadenylation, little is known about the impact of PABPN1 deficiency on human gene expression. Specifically, it remains unclear whether PABPN1 is required for general mRNA expression or for the regulation of specific transcripts. Using RNA sequencing (RNA–seq), we show here that the large majority of protein-coding genes express normal levels of mRNA in PABPN1–deficient cells, arguing that PABPN1 may not be required for the bulk of mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, and contrary to the view that PABPN1 functions exclusively at protein-coding genes, we identified a class of PABPN1–sensitive long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the majority of which accumulated in conditions of PABPN1 deficiency. Using the spliced transcript produced from a snoRNA host gene as a model lncRNA, we show that PABPN1 promotes lncRNA turnover via a polyadenylation-dependent mechanism. PABPN1–sensitive lncRNAs are targeted by the exosome and the RNA helicase MTR4/SKIV2L2; yet, the polyadenylation activity of TRF4-2, a putative human TRAMP subunit, appears to be dispensable for PABPN1–dependent regulation. In addition to identifying a novel function for PABPN1 in lncRNA turnover, our results provide new insights into the post-transcriptional regulation of human lncRNAs. In eukaryotic cells, protein-coding genes are transcribed to produce pre-messenger RNAs (pre–mRNAs) that are processed at the 3′ end by the addition of a sequence of poly-adenosine. This 3′ end poly(A) tail normally confers positive roles to the mRNA life cycle by stimulating nuclear export and translation. The fundamental role of mRNA polyadenylation is generally mediated by the activity of poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) that bind to the 3′ poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs. In the nucleus, the evolutionarily conserved poly(A)-binding protein PABPN1 is thought to be important for gene expression, as it stimulates mRNA polyadenylation in biochemical assays. Using a high-throughput sequencing approach that quantitatively measures the level of RNA expressed from all genes, we addressed the global impact of a PABPN1 deficiency on human gene expression. Notably, we found that most mRNAs were normally expressed in PABPN1–deficient cells, a result inconsistent with a role for PABPN1 in general mRNA metabolism. Surprisingly, our genome-wide analysis unveiled a new function for PABPN1 in a polyadenylation-dependent pathway of RNA decay that targets non-protein coding genes. Our discovery that PABPN1 functions in the regulation of noncoding RNAs raises the possibility that oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, a disease associated with mutations in the PABPN1 gene, is caused by defective expression of noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves B. Beaulieu
- RNA Group, Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Bachand
- RNA Group, Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Raz V, Abraham T, van Zwet EW, Dirks RW, Tanke HJ, van der Maarel SM. Reversible aggregation of PABPN1 pre-inclusion structures. Nucleus 2012; 2:208-18. [PMID: 21818414 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.2.3.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased aggregation of misfolded proteins is associated with aging, and characterizes a number of neurodegenerative disorders caused by homopolymeric amino acid expansion mutations. PABPN1 is an aggregation-prone nuclear protein. Natural aggregation of wild-type (WT) PABPN1 is not known to be disease-associated, but alanine-expanded PABPN1 (expPABPN1) accumulates in insoluble intranuclear inclusions in muscle of patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). We applied microscopic image quantification to study PABPN1 aggregation process in living cells. We identified transitional pre-inclusion foci and demonstrate that these structures significantly differ between WT- and expPABPN1-expressing cells, while inclusions of these proteins are indistinguishable. In addition to the immobile PABPN1 in inclusions, in the nucleoplasm of expPABPN1 expressing cells we also found a fraction of immobile proteins, representing pre-aggregated species. We found that pre-aggregated and pre-inclusion structures are reverted by a PABPN1 specific affinity binder while inclusion structures are not. Together our results demonstrate that the aggregation process of WT- and expPABPN1 differs in steps preceding inclusion formation, suggesting that pre-aggregated protein species could represent the cytotoxic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
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Genotype and phenotype study of 34 Spanish patients diagnosed with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 2012; 259:1546-52. [PMID: 22231868 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant adult-onset disease with several clinical features. The genetic cause is an expanded (GCN)n mutation coding for polyalanine. Severity and the age of onset are variable and may depend on the size of the unstable triplet. Our objectives were to correlate the genotypic and phenotypic features in 34 affected patients, and to complete the molecular analysis for a control Spanish population in order to confirm the (GCN)n polymorphism frequency observed in other populations. We found a correlation between impaired CPK levels and sex. No statistical differences were found when comparing the length in triplet expansion and other variables. The (GCN)n polymorphism's frequency observed in other countries could not be proven in ours. Moreover, no correlation was observed amongst the size of the mutation, the age of onset, and the phenotype. This fact suggests that other conditions apart from the already known genotype could influence the age of onset and the severity of the symptoms.
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Bengoechea R, Tapia O, Casafont I, Berciano J, Lafarga M, Berciano MT. Nuclear speckles are involved in nuclear aggregation of PABPN1 and in the pathophysiology of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:118-29. [PMID: 22249111 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear speckles are essential nuclear compartments involved in the assembly, delivery and recycling of pre-mRNA processing factors, and in the post-transcriptional processing of pre-mRNAs. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is caused by a small expansion of the polyalanine tract in the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). Aggregation of expanded PABPN1 into intranuclear inclusions (INIs) in skeletal muscle fibers is the pathological hallmark of OPMD. In this study what we have analyzed in muscle fibers of OPMD patients and in primary cultures of human myoblasts are the relationships between nuclear speckles and INIs, and the contribution of the former to the biogenesis of the latter. While nuclear speckles concentrate snRNP splicing factors and PABPN1 in control muscle fibers, they are depleted of PABPN1 and appear closely associated with INIs in muscle fibers of OPMD patients. The induction of INI formation in human myoblasts expressing either wild type GFP-PABPN1 or expanded GFP-PABPN1-17ala demonstrates that the initial aggregation of PABPN1 proteins and their subsequent growth in INIs occurs at the edges of the nuclear speckles. Moreover, the growing of INIs gradually depletes PABPN1 proteins and poly(A) RNA from nuclear speckles, although the existence of these nuclear compartments is preserved. Time-lapse experiments in cultured myoblasts confirm nuclear speckles as biogenesis sites of PABPN1 inclusions. Given the functional importance of nuclear speckles in the post-transcriptional processing of pre-mRNAs, the INI-dependent molecular reorganization of these nuclear compartments in muscle fibers may cause a severe dysfunction in nuclear trafficking and processing of polyadenylated mRNAs, thereby contributing to the molecular pathophysiology of OPMD. Our results emphasize the potential importance of nuclear speckles as nuclear targets of neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Bengoechea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Cruz Guzmán ODR, Chávez García AL, Rodríguez-Cruz M. Muscular dystrophies at different ages: metabolic and endocrine alterations. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:485376. [PMID: 22701119 PMCID: PMC3371686 DOI: 10.1155/2012/485376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Common metabolic and endocrine alterations exist across a wide range of muscular dystrophies. Skeletal muscle plays an important role in glucose metabolism and is a major participant in different signaling pathways. Therefore, its damage may lead to different metabolic disruptions. Two of the most important metabolic alterations in muscular dystrophies may be insulin resistance and obesity. However, only insulin resistance has been demonstrated in myotonic dystrophy. In addition, endocrine disturbances such as hypogonadism, low levels of testosterone, and growth hormone have been reported. This eventually will result in consequences such as growth failure and delayed puberty in the case of childhood dystrophies. Other consequences may be reduced male fertility, reduced spermatogenesis, and oligospermia, both in childhood as well as in adult muscular dystrophies. These facts all suggest that there is a need for better comprehension of metabolic and endocrine implications for muscular dystrophies with the purpose of developing improved clinical treatments and/or improvements in the quality of life of patients with dystrophy. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the current knowledge about of metabolic and endocrine alterations in diverse types of dystrophinopathies, which will be divided into two groups: childhood and adult dystrophies which have different age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana del Rocío Cruz Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, 06703 Ciudad México, DF, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Chávez García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, 06703 Ciudad México, DF, Mexico
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, 06703 Ciudad México, DF, Mexico
- *Maricela Rodríguez-Cruz:
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Executive functions are impaired in heterozygote patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol 2011; 259:833-7. [PMID: 21956377 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a small expansion of a short polyalanine tract in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1). It presents with adult onset of progressive eyelid drooping, swallowing difficulties and proximal limb weakness, usually without involvement of central nervous system (CNS). However, cognitive decline with relevant behavioural and psychological symptoms has been recently described in homozygous patients. In this study, we performed for the first time an extensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric evaluation on 11 OPMD heterozygote patients. We found that they were less efficient than a matched control sample on several tests, particularly those tapping executive functions. Moreover, the presence of negative correlation between GCN expansion size and some neuropsychological scores raises the issue that CNS involvement might be linked to the genetic defect, being worse in patients with larger expansion. Our results might be consistent with the toxic gain-of-function theory in the pathogenesis of OPMD and hint at a possible direct role of PABPN1 in the CNS also in heterozygote patients.
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Mankodi A, Wheeler TM, Shetty R, Salceies KM, Becher MW, Thornton CA. Progressive myopathy in an inducible mouse model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 45:539-46. [PMID: 21964252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a short expansion of a polyalanine tract (normal allele: 10 alanines, mutant allele: 11-17 alanines) in the nuclear polyadenylate binding protein PABPN1 which is essential for controlling poly(A) tail length in messenger RNA. Mutant PABPN1 forms nuclear inclusions in OPMD muscle. To investigate the pathogenic role of mutant PABPN1 in vivo, we generated a ligand-inducible transgenic mouse model by using the mifepristone-inducible gene expression system. Induction of ubiquitous expression of mutant PABPN1 resulted in skeletal and cardiac myopathy. Histological changes of degenerative myopathy were preceded by nuclear inclusions of insoluble PABPN1. Downregulation of mutant PABPN1 expression attenuated the myopathy and reduced the nuclear burden of insoluble PABPN1. These results support association between mutant PABPN1 accumulation and degenerative myopathy in mice. Resolution of myopathy in mice suggests that the disease process in OPMD patients may be treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Mankodi
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Modeling oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy in myotube cultures reveals reduced accumulation of soluble mutant PABPN1 protein. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1988-2000. [PMID: 21854744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by an alanine tract expansion mutation in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1). To model OPMD in a myogenic and physiological context, we generated mouse myoblast cell clones stably expressing either human wild type (WT) or expPABPN1 at low levels. Transgene expression is induced on myotube differentiation and results in formation of insoluble nuclear PABPN1 aggregates that are similar to those observed in patients with OPMD. Quantitative analysis of PABPN1 in myotube cultures revealed that expPABPN1 accumulation and aggregation is greater than that of the WT protein. We found that aggregation of expPABPN1 is more affected than WT PABPN1 by inhibition of proteasome activity. Consistent with this, in myotube cultures expressing expPABPN1, deregulation of the proteasome was identified as the most significantly perturbed pathway. Differences in the accumulation of soluble WT and expPABPN1 were consistent with differences in ubiquitination and rate of protein turnover. This study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that, in myotubes, the ratio of soluble/insoluble expPABPN1 is significantly lower compared with that of the WT protein. We suggest that this difference can contribute to muscle weakness in OPMD.
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Mao X, Wang C, Ma X, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhang L, Niu L, Zeng Q, Yang Y, Wang C. Molecular level studies on binding modes of labeling molecules with polyalanine peptides. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1592-1599. [PMID: 21283870 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the binding modes of typical labeling molecules (thioflavin T (ThT), Congo red (CR) and copper(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (PcCu(SO(3)Na)(4))) on pentaalanine, which is a model peptide segment of amyloid peptides, have been resolved at the molecular level by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In the STM images, ThT molecules are predominantly adsorbed parallel to the peptide strands and two binding modes could be identified. It was found that ThT molecules are preferentially binding on top of the peptide strand, and the mode of intercalated between neighboring peptides also exists. The parallel binding mode of CR molecules can be observed with pentaalanine peptides. Besides the binding modes of labeling molecules, the CR and PcCu(SO(3)Na)(4) display different adsorption affinity with the pentaalanine peptides. The results could be beneficial for obtaining molecular level insight of the interactions between labeling molecules and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Mao
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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45
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The man who could not see what he could not eat. Surv Ophthalmol 2011; 56:461-5. [PMID: 21371731 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old Hispanic man born in New Mexico presented with progressively worsening bilateral upper eyelid ptosis and dysphagia. External levator advancement 5 years before did not improve his ptosis. A thorough systemic workup for myasthenia gravis was negative, but electromyography suggested a myopathic process. Molecular genetic testing was positive for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
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Muscular dystrophies: an update on pathology and diagnosis. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120:343-58. [PMID: 20652576 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are clinically, genetically, and molecularly a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the identification of causative genes, the differentiation of the different forms and in broadening the understanding of pathogenesis. Muscle pathology has an important role in these aspects, but correlation of the pathology with clinical phenotype is essential. Immunohistochemistry has a major role in differential diagnosis, particularly in recessive forms where an absence or reduction in protein expression can be detected. Several muscular dystrophies are caused by defects in genes encoding sarcolemmal proteins, several of which are known to interact. Others are caused by defects in nuclear membrane proteins or enzymes. Assessment of both primary and secondary abnormalities in protein expression is useful, in particular the hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan. In dominantly inherited muscular dystrophies it is rarely possible to detect a change in the expression of the primary defective protein; an exception to this is caveolin-3.
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Yu-Wai-Man P, Griffiths PG, Gorman GS, Lourenco CM, Wright AF, Auer-Grumbach M, Toscano A, Musumeci O, Valentino ML, Caporali L, Lamperti C, Tallaksen CM, Duffey P, Miller J, Whittaker RG, Baker MR, Jackson MJ, Clarke MP, Dhillon B, Czermin B, Stewart JD, Hudson G, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Marques W, Lenaers G, McFarland R, Taylor RW, Turnbull DM, Votruba M, Zeviani M, Carelli V, Bindoff LA, Horvath R, Amati-Bonneau P, Chinnery PF. Multi-system neurological disease is common in patients with OPA1 mutations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 133:771-86. [PMID: 20157015 PMCID: PMC2842512 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Additional neurological features have recently been described in seven families transmitting pathogenic mutations in OPA1, the most common cause of autosomal dominant optic atrophy. However, the frequency of these syndromal 'dominant optic atrophy plus' variants and the extent of neurological involvement have not been established. In this large multi-centre study of 104 patients from 45 independent families, including 60 new cases, we show that extra-ocular neurological complications are common in OPA1 disease, and affect up to 20% of all mutational carriers. Bilateral sensorineural deafness beginning in late childhood and early adulthood was a prominent manifestation, followed by a combination of ataxia, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy and progressive external ophthalmoplegia from the third decade of life onwards. We also identified novel clinical presentations with spastic paraparesis mimicking hereditary spastic paraplegia, and a multiple sclerosis-like illness. In contrast to initial reports, multi-system neurological disease was associated with all mutational subtypes, although there was an increased risk with missense mutations [odds ratio = 3.06, 95% confidence interval = 1.44-6.49; P = 0.0027], and mutations located within the guanosine triphosphate-ase region (odds ratio = 2.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-4.82; P = 0.0271). Histochemical and molecular characterization of skeletal muscle biopsies revealed the presence of cytochrome c oxidase-deficient fibres and multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in the majority of patients harbouring OPA1 mutations, even in those with isolated optic nerve involvement. However, the cytochrome c oxidase-deficient load was over four times higher in the dominant optic atrophy + group compared to the pure optic neuropathy group, implicating a causal role for these secondary mitochondrial DNA defects in disease pathophysiology. Individuals with dominant optic atrophy plus phenotypes also had significantly worse visual outcomes, and careful surveillance is therefore mandatory to optimize the detection and management of neurological disability in a group of patients who already have significant visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu-Wai-Man
- Mitochondrial Research Group, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Niu L, Ma X, Liu L, Mao X, Wu D, Yang Y, Zeng Q, Wang C. Molecularly tuned peptide assemblies at the liquid–solid interface studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:11683-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b923927h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Trollet C, Athanasopoulos T, Popplewell L, Malerba A, Dickson G. Gene therapy for muscular dystrophy: current progress and future prospects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:849-66. [DOI: 10.1517/14712590903029164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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