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Chi MX, Zhang MJ, Yin MX. Positive genetic effect of hypertension family history on stroke: A cross Mendelian randomization study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024:107901. [PMID: 39098363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observational study demonstrated that hypertension is an independent risk factor for stroke. Furthermore, both hypertension and stroke exhibit genetic predispositions. However, the genetic relationship between hypertension and stroke in first-degree relatives remains unclear. METHOD The Genetic effects were validated using an across-Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. The Genome-Wide Association Study summary data used in this study were obtained from a publicly available platform. The primary MR effect employed was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and the other analysis methods included MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Prior to MR analysis, tests for MR_PRESSO, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity were conducted. RESULT The presence of family history of hypertension significantly contributed to the genetic predisposition to various types of stroke, including ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, lacunar stroke, cardioembolic ischemic stroke, small vessel ischemic stroke, and large artery atherosclerosis-related ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION Briefly, hypertension in first-degree relatives has a genetic impact on the risk of stroke development. Shared genetic factors may exist between hypertension and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Xilyu Chi
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital Xiasha Campus (Hangzhou Rehabilitation Hospital), Hangzhou, China 310018.
| | - Md Jingruo Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Jiaxing Hospital of TCM, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Jiaxing, China 314000.
| | - Md Xiaohu Yin
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital Xiasha Campus (Hangzhou Rehabilitation Hospital), Hangzhou, China 310018.
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2
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Abstract
Hypertension and dementia are both common disorders whose prevalence increases with age. There are multiple mechanisms by which hypertension affects the brain and alters cognition. These include blood flow dynamics, development of large and small vessel pathology and diverse molecular mechanisms including formation of reactive oxygen species and transcriptional cascades. Blood pressure interacts with Alzheimer disease pathology in numerous and unpredictable ways, affecting both β-amyloid and tau deposition, while also interacting with AD genetic risk factors and other metabolic processes. Treatment of hypertension may prevent cognitive decline and dementia, but methodological issues have limited the ability of randomized clinical trials to show this conclusively. Recent studies have raised hope that hypertension treatment may protect the function and structure of the aging brain from advancing to mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasratullah Wahidi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Zhan YH, Lin Y, Tong SJ, Ma QL, Lu CX, Fang L, Wei W, Cai B, Wang N. The CELSR1 polymorphisms rs6007897 and rs4044210 are associated with ischaemic stroke in Chinese Han population. Ann Hum Biol 2014; 42:26-30. [PMID: 25117632 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2014.944214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, CELSR1 was identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as a susceptibility gene for ischaemic stroke (IS) in Japanese individuals. AIM The goal was to examine whether CELSR1 variants are associated with IS in the Chinese Han population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CELSR1, rs6007897 and rs4044210, in a Chinese sample of 569 IS cases and 581 controls and assessed their genotype and allele associations with IS. RESULTS The results showed that rs6007897 and rs4044210 variants of CELSR1 were significantly (p < 0.01) associated with IS. These associations remained after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, a significant association was observed of rs6007897 and rs4044210 of CELSR1 with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), a sub-type of IS (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study has proven for the first time that CELSR1 is a susceptibility gene for IS in the Chinese Han population, especially for LAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Zhan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Center of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , PR China and
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Billington CK, Hall IP. Novel cAMP signalling paradigms: therapeutic implications for airway disease. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:401-10. [PMID: 22013890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery over 50 years ago, cAMP has been the archetypal second messenger introducing students to the concept of cell signalling at the simplest level. As explored in this review, however, there are many more facets to cAMP signalling than the path from Gs-coupled receptor to adenylyl cyclase (AC) to cAMP to PKA to biological effect. After a brief description of this canonical cAMP signalling pathway, a snapshot is provided of the novel paradigms of cAMP signalling. As in the airway the cAMP pathway relays the major bronchorelaxant signal and as such is the target for frontline therapy for asthma and COPD, particular emphasis is given to airway disease and therapy. Areas discussed include biased agonism, continued signalling following internalization, modulation of cAMP by AC, control of cAMP degradation, cAMP and calcium crosstalk, Epac-mediated signalling and finally the implications of altered genotypes will be considered. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Novel cAMP Signalling Paradigms. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.166.issue-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Bouhouche A, Benomar A, Errguig L, Lachhab L, Bouslam N, Aasfara J, Sefiani S, Chabraoui L, El Fahime E, El Quessar A, Jiddane M, Yahyaoui M. An autosomal recessive leucoencephalopathy with ischemic stroke, dysmorphic syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa maps to chromosome 17q24.2-25.3. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:18. [PMID: 22436252 PMCID: PMC3344692 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Single-gene disorders related to ischemic stroke seem to be an important cause of stroke in young patients without known risk factors. To identify new genes responsible of such diseases, we studied a consanguineous Moroccan family with three affected individuals displaying hereditary leucoencephalopathy with ischemic stroke, dysmorphic syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa that appears to segregate in autosomal recessive pattern. Methods All family members underwent neurological and radiological examinations. A genome wide search was conducted in this family using the ABI PRISM linkage mapping set version 2.5 from Applied Biosystems. Six candidate genes within the region linked to the disease were screened for mutations by direct sequencing. Results Evidence of linkage was obtained on chromosome 17q24.2-25.3. Analysis of recombination events and LOD score calculation suggests linkage of the responsible gene in a genetic interval of 11 Mb located between D17S789 and D17S1806 with a maximal multipoint LOD score of 2.90. Sequencing of seven candidate genes in this locus, ATP5H, FDXR, SLC25A19, MCT8, CYGB, KCNJ16 and GRIN2C, identified three missense mutations in the FDXR gene which were also found in a homozygous state in three healthy controls, suggesting that these variants are not disease-causing mutations in the family. Conclusion A novel locus for leucoencephalopathy with ischemic stroke, dysmorphic syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa has been mapped to chromosome 17q24.2-25.3 in a consanguineous Moroccan family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bouhouche
- Service de Neurologie et de Neurogénétique, Hôpital des Spécialités, Rabat, Morocco.
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Reyes S, Kurtz A, Hervé D, Tournier-Lasserve E, Chabriat H. Presymptomatic genetic testing in CADASIL. J Neurol 2012; 259:2131-6. [PMID: 22418996 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic counselling has been poorly investigated in cerebrovascular diseases. Characteristics, motivations and long-term outcome of presymptomatic tests (PT) in subjects at risk of CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) were investigated at the National Centre for Rare Vascular Diseases of the Brain and/or Retina (CERVCO). Sociodemographic, motivational and psychological variables were collected between 2003 and 2010 for PT applicants. Multidisciplinary consultations (with a geneticist, neurologist and psychologist) were proposed over a 6 month period. When PT showed a deleterious mutation of the NOTCH3 gene, cognitive performances, mood, autonomy and quality of life were also assessed. Over 7 years, only 33 subjects asked for a PT of CADASIL. They were predominantly women, lived as a couple, had children and were of high sociocultural level. The dropout rate after the first step of the procedure was 63%. The characteristics of the 11 subjects who reached the end of the procedure did not differ from the 22 who dropped out. Six were carriers of the deleterious mutation and were still asymptomatic after a mean follow-up of 19 months. They did not experience any particular negative event and all of them indicated a high score of overall quality of life. Indeed, two carriers gave birth to their first child. These initial data in CADASIL show that PT is rarely requested and that there is a high dropout rate. Our study also highlights that a multidisciplinary and multistep procedure in genetic counselling testing appears useful to obtain minimal harmful consequences of genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reyes
- Department of Neurology and CERVCO, GH Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, APHP et Université Paris, 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
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Carty CL, Buzková P, Fornage M, Franceschini N, Cole S, Heiss G, Hindorff LA, Howard BV, Mann S, Martin LW, Zhang Y, Matise TC, Prentice R, Reiner AP, Kooperberg C. Associations between incident ischemic stroke events and stroke and cardiovascular disease-related genome-wide association studies single nucleotide polymorphisms in the Population Architecture Using Genomics and Epidemiology study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:210-6. [PMID: 22403240 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.962191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci associated with ischemic stroke (IS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in European-descent individuals, but their replication in different populations has been largely unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected from GWAS and meta-analyses of stroke, and 86 SNPs previously associated with myocardial infarction and CVD risk factors, including blood lipids (high density lipoprotein [HDL], low density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides), type 2 diabetes, and body mass index (BMI), were investigated for associations with incident IS in European Americans (EA) N=26 276, African-Americans (AA) N=8970, and American Indians (AI) N=3570 from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology Study. Ancestry-specific fixed effects meta-analysis with inverse variance weighting was used to combine study-specific log hazard ratios from Cox proportional hazards models. Two of 9 stroke SNPs (rs783396 and rs1804689) were significantly associated with [corrected] IS hazard in AA; none were significant in this large EA cohort. Of 73 CVD risk factor SNPs tested in EA, 2 (HDL and triglycerides SNPs) were associated with IS. In AA, SNPs associated with LDL, HDL, and BMI were significantly associated with IS (3 of 86 SNPs tested). Out of 58 SNPs tested in AI, 1 LDL SNP was significantly associated with IS. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showing lack of replication in spite of reasonable power for many stroke SNPs and differing results by ancestry highlight the need to follow up on GWAS findings and conduct genetic association studies in diverse populations. We found modest IS associations with BMI and lipids SNPs, though these findings require confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Carty
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. University of Washington, 1100 Fairview Ave N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Yang F, Liu S, Yu C, Wang SJ, Paganini-Hill A, Fisher MJ. PDE4 regulates tissue plasminogen activator expression of human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2012; 129:750-3. [PMID: 22245243 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factors regulating brain tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) are pertinent for stroke. Recent observations have suggested a role for the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) pathway in stroke pathogenesis, via an uncertain mechanism. We studied PDE4 regulation of tPA expression by human brain microvascular endothelial cells in a variety of conditions, including an in vitro model of ischemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed tPA antigen and mRNA of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBECs) during normoxia and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) following inhibition of PDE4 and PDE4D, using HBEC monocultures and co-cultures with astrocytes and pericytes, and analyzed relevant signal transduction pathways. RESULTS PDE4 inhibitor rolipram enhanced OGD effects on endothelial tPA release in endothelial monocultures and co-cultures with astrocytes; there was a 54±10% (p<0.001) reduction of tPA release in astrocyte-endothelial co-cultures under OGD. PDE4D siRNA reduced endothelial tPA mRNA to 40-55% of control (p<0.05). Use of Epac inducer mimicked, while use of Epac siRNA inhibited, these effects. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of PDE4 and PDE4D reduced expression of tPA by HBEC via Epac pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Stender S, Frikke-Schmidt R, Anestis A, Kardassis D, Sethi AA, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Genetic Variation in Liver X Receptor Alpha and Risk of Ischemic Vascular Disease in the General Population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:2990-6. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.223867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Although animal studies indicate that
liver X receptor alpha
(
LXR
α) might influence risk of atherosclerosis, data in humans remain scarce. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in
LXR
α associates with risk of ischemic vascular disease and/or plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in the general population.
Methods and Results—
We studied 10,281 white persons of Danish ancestry from a general population cohort, including 1,986 in whom ischemic heart disease (IHD) developed, and 989 in whom ischemic cerebrovascular disease developed. We examined another 51,429 white persons of Danish ancestry from a general population study, including 3,789 with IHD. We genotyped 10 genetic variants identified by resequencing
LXR
α. Homozygosity for −840AA/−115AA(=2.7%) predicted hazard ratios of 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.7) for IHD, 1.6 (1.2–2.2) for myocardial infarction, and 1.7 (1.3–2.4) for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The corresponding odds ratios in the second cohort were 1.1 (0.9–1.4) for IHD and 1.5 (1.1–2.0) for myocardial infarction. In the combined studies, odds ratios were 1.2 (1.0–1.4) for IHD and 1.5 (1.2–1.9) for myocardial infarction. Homozygosity for −840AA/−115AA did not associate with lipid or lipoprotein levels.
LXR
α −1830T>C (tagging the haplotype −1830C/−840A/−115A, all r
2
≥0.97) associated with 91% increased transcriptional activity.
Conclusion—
This study suggests that functional genetic variation in
LXR
α predicts risk of ischemic vascular disease in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stender
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
| | - Aristomenis Anestis
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
| | - Amar A. Sethi
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (S.S., R.F.-S., A.A.S., A.T.-H.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry (A.A., D.K.), University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece; Pacific Biometrics, Inc (A.A.S.), Seattle, WA; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.A.S., B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital, and The Copenhagen City
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