1
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Fan YL, Jin JX, Zhu J, Ruan HB, Huang JQ. Extracellular vesicles of Bifidobacterium longum reverse the acquired carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells via p53 phosphorylation on Ser15. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:530-541. [PMID: 38647095 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously found that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was increased after chemotherapy; however, the role of Bifidobacterium longum in chemotherapeutic drug resistance in ovarian cancer (OVC) remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the potential effects and mechanism of B. longum extracellular vesicles (B. longum-EVs) on carboplatin (CBP) resistance in OVC. Eight normal and 11 ovarian tissues were collected and the expression of B. longum genomic DNA and its association with acquired CBP resistance in OVC patients was determined. After isolating EVs by ultracentrifugation from B. longum (ATCC 15707), CBP-resistant A2780 cells were treated with PBS, CBP, B. longum-EVs, or CBP + B. longum-EVs, and subsequently analyzed by CCK-8, Edu staining, Annexin V/PI double staining, wound healing, and Transwell assays to detect cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. MRP1, ATP7A, ATP7B, and p53 expression as well as p53 phosphorylation were measured by western blot analysis. S15A mutation of p53 was assessed to examine the potential role of p53 Ser15 phosphorylation in CBP-resistant OVC. B. longum levels were elevated and positively associated with CBP resistance in OVC patients. Only high concentrations of B. longum-EVs attenuated A2780 cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. B. longum-EVs exposure significantly enhanced the sensitivity of CBP-resistant A2780 cells to CBP and decreased the expression of drug resistance-related proteins. The effect of B. longum-EVs on reversing CBP resistance was completely inhibited by S15A mutation of p53. B. longum-EVs enhanced the sensitivity of OVC cells to CBP through p53 phosphorylation on Ser15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Long Fan
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jia-Xi Jin
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Hai-Bo Ruan
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
| | - Jin-Qun Huang
- Departments of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, China
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2
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Vomstein K, Krog MC, Wrønding T, Nielsen HS. The microbiome in recurrent pregnancy loss - A scoping review. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104251. [PMID: 38718429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a troubling condition that affects couples worldwide. Despite extensive research efforts, many RPL cases remain unexplained, highlighting the need for novel approaches to unravel its underlying mechanisms. Recent advances in microbiome research have shed light on the potential role of the microbiome in reproductive health and outcomes. Based on a systematic literature research, this review aims to comprehensively explore the current understanding of the microbiome's involvement in RPL, focusing on the vaginal, endometrial, and gut microbiomes. Evidence from the available studies is examined to explain the relationship between the microbiome and RPL. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic potential of the microbiome, therapeutic interventions, and future directions in microbiome research for RPL. Understanding the complex interactions between the microbiome and reproductive health holds promise for developing targeted interventions to help patients today diagnosed as unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Vomstein
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre & Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2650, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650, Denmark.
| | - Maria C Krog
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre & Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2650, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Tine Wrønding
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre & Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2650, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650, Denmark
| | - Henriette Svarre Nielsen
- The Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Unit, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre & Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen DK-2650, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, DK-2650, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Yu B, Liu C, Proll SC, Manhardt E, Liang S, Srinivasan S, Swisher E, Fredricks DN. Identification of fallopian tube microbiota and its association with ovarian cancer. eLife 2024; 12:RP89830. [PMID: 38451065 PMCID: PMC10942644 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the human fallopian tube (FT) microbiota has significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer (OC). In this large prospective study, we collected swabs intraoperatively from the FT and other surgical sites as controls to profile the microbiota in the FT and to assess its relationship with OC. Eighty-one OC and 106 non-cancer patients were enrolled and 1001 swabs were processed for 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing. We identified 84 bacterial species that may represent the FT microbiota and found a clear shift in the microbiota of the OC patients when compared to the non-cancer patients. Of the top 20 species that were most prevalent in the FT of OC patients, 60% were bacteria that predominantly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, while 30% normally reside in the mouth. Serous carcinoma had higher prevalence of almost all 84 FT bacterial species compared to the other OC subtypes. The clear shift in the FT microbiota in OC patients establishes the scientific foundation for future investigation into the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyStanfordUnited States
- Stanford Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Congzhou Liu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Sean C Proll
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Enna Manhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Shuying Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sujatha Srinivasan
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Swisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - David N Fredricks
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
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4
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Cocomazzi G, Del Pup L, Contu V, Maggio G, Parmegiani L, Ciampaglia W, De Ruvo D, Faioli R, Maglione A, Baldini GM, Baldini D, Pazienza V. Gynecological Cancers and Microbiota Dynamics: Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2237. [PMID: 38396914 PMCID: PMC10889201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relationship between the microbiota and various aspects of health has become a focal point of scientific investigation. Although the most studied microbiota concern the gastrointestinal tract, recently, the interest has also been extended to other body districts. Female genital tract dysbiosis and its possible impact on pathologies such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and gynecological cancers have been unveiled. The incursion of pathogenic microbes alters the ecological equilibrium of the vagina, triggering inflammation and compromising immune defense, potentially fostering an environment conducive to cancer development. The most common types of gynecological cancer include cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, which occur in women of any age but especially in postmenopausal women. Several studies highlighted that a low presence of lactobacilli at the vaginal level, and consequently, in related areas (such as the endometrium and ovary), correlates with a higher risk of gynecological pathology and likely contributes to increased incidence and worse prognosis of gynecological cancers. The complex interplay between microbial communities and the development, progression, and treatment of gynecologic malignancies is a burgeoning field not yet fully understood. The intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and systemic inflammation introduces a new dimension to our understanding of gynecologic cancers. The objective of this review is to focus attention on the association between vaginal microbiota and gynecological malignancies and provide detailed knowledge for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cocomazzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
| | - Lino Del Pup
- Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility, University Sanitary Agency Friuli Central (ASUFC), Via Pozzuolo, 330, 33100 Udine, FVG, Italy;
| | - Viviana Contu
- Integrative Medicine Unit, Humanitas Gradenigo, Corso Regina Margherita 8/10, 10153 Torino, FC, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Maggio
- Pia Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico, Via S. Pio X, 4, 73039 Tricase, LE, Italy;
| | - Lodovico Parmegiani
- Next Fertility GynePro, NextClinics International Via T. Cremona 8, 40137 Bologna, RE, Italy; (L.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Walter Ciampaglia
- Next Fertility GynePro, NextClinics International Via T. Cremona 8, 40137 Bologna, RE, Italy; (L.P.); (W.C.)
| | - Daniele De Ruvo
- Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Affidea Promea, Via Menabrea 14, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Faioli
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (R.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Annamaria Maglione
- Gynecology and Obstetrics, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (R.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Baldini
- IVF Center, Momò Fertilife, 76011 Bisceglie Via Cala dell’Arciprete, 76011 Bisceglie, BT, Italy; (G.M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Domenico Baldini
- IVF Center, Momò Fertilife, 76011 Bisceglie Via Cala dell’Arciprete, 76011 Bisceglie, BT, Italy; (G.M.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
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5
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Wang D, Li L, Zhang Y, Ye K. Lipopolysaccharide-Educated Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Facilitate Malignant Progression of Ovarian Cancer Cells via the NF-kB/IL-6/JAK2 Signal Transduction. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01055-3. [PMID: 38305842 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria increase in ovarian cancer (OC) tissues, but its association with OC progression remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) pretreated by the main components of bacterial outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) influence the malignancy of OC cells. Specifically, the culture medium of LPS-preconditioned CAFs (LPS-CM) further accelerated cell proliferation, colony formation and tumorigenesis of OC cells SKOV3 and HEY A8, compared with culture medium of CAFs. Next, we found that LPS pretreatment activated the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) pathway in CAFs to secret cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), etc. Neutralization of IL-6 in LPS-CM abolished the promoting effect of LPS-CM on cell proliferation, survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SKOV3 and HEY A8 cells. Mechanistically, LPS-CM activated the Janus kinases 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, while application with JAK2 inhibitor also reversed the promoting effect of LPS-CM on malignancy of OC cells. In summary, LPS-pretreated CAFs IL-6-dependently accelerate OC progression via activating the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, which enriches our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ovaries-colonized gram-negative bacteria in OC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Lingchuan Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Kefan Ye
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 157, Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.
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6
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Haight PJ, Kistenfeger Q, Riedinger CJ, Khadraoui W, Backes FJ, Bixel KL, Copeland LJ, Cohn DE, Cosgrove CM, O'Malley DM, Nagel CI, Spakowicz DJ, Chambers LM. The impact of antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor use at the time of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy on survival in patients with endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 178:14-22. [PMID: 37741201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the impact of antibiotic (ABX) and proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use on progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (PC) for endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS A retrospective, single-institution cohort study of EC patients treated with ≥four cycles of adjuvant PC following surgical staging from 2014 to 2020. Demographics and clinicopathologic features, including ABX and PPI use, were compared using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed, and survival outcomes were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS Of 325 patients, 95 (29%) received ABX, and 80 (24.6%) received PPI. ABX were associated with decreased 3-year PFS (49.9% vs. 66%; p = 0.0237) but not 3-year OS (68.9% vs. 79.9%; p = 0.0649). ABX targeting gram-positive bacteria were associated with decreased 3-year PFS (21.2% vs. 66.0% vs. 55.4%; p = 0.0038) and 3-year OS (36.5% vs. 79.9% vs. 75.6%; p = 0.0014) compared to no ABX and other ABX, respectively. PPI use was associated with decreased 3-year PFS (46.9% vs. 66.0%; p = 0.0001) and 3-year OS (60.7% vs. 81.9%; p = 0.0041) compared to no PPI. On multivariable regression analysis controlling for confounders including stage, histology, grade, radiation, and co-morbidities, PPI use was independently associated with worse PFS (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.25-3.08; p = 0.0041) and OS (HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.01-4.18, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION In this retrospective cohort study, we demonstrate that PPI use is independently associated with worse PFS and OS in patients with EC treated with PC. ABX use was associated with worse PFS on univariate analysis only. There is an unmet need to understand how PPI, ABX, and, potentially, the microbiome impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy in EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina J Haight
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
| | - Quinn Kistenfeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Courtney J Riedinger
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Wafa Khadraoui
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Floor J Backes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kristin L Bixel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Larry J Copeland
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Casey M Cosgrove
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David M O'Malley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Christa I Nagel
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Laura M Chambers
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Yu B, Liu C, Proll S, Mannhardt E, Liang S, Srinivasan S, Swisher E, Fredricks DN. Identification of fallopian tube microbiota and its association with ovarian cancer: a prospective study of intraoperative swab collections from 187 patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.28.23291999. [PMID: 37425928 PMCID: PMC10327289 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.23291999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the human fallopian tube (FT) microbiota has significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer (OC). In this large prospective study, we collected swabs intraoperatively from the FT and other surgical sites as controls to profile the microbiota in the FT and to assess its relationship with OC. 81 OC and 106 non-cancer patients were enrolled and 1001 swabs were processed for 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing. We identified 84 bacterial species that may represent the FT microbiota and found a clear shift in the microbiota of the OC patients when compared to the non-cancer patients. Of the top 20 species that were most prevalent in the FT of OC patients, 60% were bacteria that predominantly reside in the gastrointestinal tract, while 30% normally reside in the mouth. Serous carcinoma had higher prevalence of almost all 84 FT bacterial species compared to the other OC subtypes. The clear shift in the FT microbiota in OC patients establishes the scientific foundation for future investigation into the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. .
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8
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Kumar L, Dwivedi M, Jain N, Shete P, Solanki S, Gupta R, Jain A. The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiota: Friends and Foe. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1313. [PMID: 37374096 DOI: 10.3390/life13061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We do not seem to be the only owner of our body; it houses a large population of microorganisms. Through countless years of coevolution, microbes and hosts have developed complex relationships. In the past few years, the impact of microbial communities on their host has received significant attention. Advanced molecular sequencing techniques have revealed a remarkable diversity of the organ-specific microbiota populations, including in the reproductive tract. Currently, the goal of researchers has shifted to generate and perceive the molecular data of those hidden travelers of our body and harness them for the betterment of human health. Recently, microbial communities of the lower and upper reproductive tract and their correlation with the implication in reproductive health and disease have been extensively studied. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influences the female reproductive tract microbiota (FRTM) that directly affects the reproductive health. It is now believed that FRTM dominated by Lactobacilli may play an essential role in obstetric health beyond the woman's intimate comfort and well-being. Women with altered microbiota may face numerous health-related issues. Altered microbiota can be manipulated and restored to their original shape to re-establish normal reproductive health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the FRTM functional aspects that influence reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar
- Genus Breeding India Pvt Ltd., Pune 411005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Monika Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Natasha Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranali Shete
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. CHM College, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar 421003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash Solanki
- Genus Breeding India Pvt Ltd., Pune 411005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- Genus Breeding India Pvt Ltd., Pune 411005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. CHM College, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar 421003, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Sekaran K, Varghese RP, Gopikrishnan M, Alsamman AM, El Allali A, Zayed H, Doss C GP. Unraveling the Dysbiosis of Vaginal Microbiome to Understand Cervical Cancer Disease Etiology-An Explainable AI Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040936. [PMID: 37107694 PMCID: PMC10137380 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial Dysbiosis is associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases. The studies on the vaginal microbiome in cervical cancer are essential to discern the cause and effect of the condition. The present study characterizes the microbial pathogenesis involved in developing cervical cancer. Relative species abundance assessment identified Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria dominating the phylum level. A significant increase in Lactobacillus iners and Prevotella timonensis at the species level revealed its pathogenic influence on cervical cancer progression. The diversity, richness, and dominance analysis divulges a substantial decline in cervical cancer compared to control samples. The β diversity index proves the homogeneity in the subgroups' microbial composition. The association between enriched Lactobacillus iners at the species level, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Enterococcus genera with cervical cancer is identified by Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) prediction. The functional enrichment corroborates the microbial disease association with pathogenic infections such as aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydia. The dataset is trained and validated with repeated k-fold cross-validation technique using a random forest algorithm to determine the discriminative pattern from the samples. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), a game theoretic approach, is employed to analyze the results predicted by the model. Interestingly, SHAP identified that the increase in Ralstonia has a higher probability of predicting the sample as cervical cancer. New evidential microbiomes identified in the experiment confirm the presence of pathogenic microbiomes in cervical cancer vaginal samples and their mutuality with microbial imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Sekaran
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | | | - Mohanraj Gopikrishnan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Cairo 12619, Egypt
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - George Priya Doss C
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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10
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Nicolò S, Antonelli A, Tanturli M, Baccani I, Bonaiuto C, Castronovo G, Rossolini GM, Mattiuz G, Torcia MG. Bacterial Species from Vaginal Microbiota Differently Affect the Production of the E6 and E7 Oncoproteins and of p53 and p-Rb Oncosuppressors in HPV16-Infected Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087173. [PMID: 37108333 PMCID: PMC10138431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus species in favor of other species. This condition facilitates infections by sexually transmitted pathogens including high risk (HR)-human papilloma viruses (HPVs) involved in the development of cervical cancer. Some vaginal dysbiosis bacteria contribute to the neoplastic progression by inducing chronic inflammation and directly activating molecular pathways involved in carcinogenesis. In this study, SiHa cells, an HPV-16-transformed epithelial cell line, were exposed to different representative vaginal microbial communities. The expression of the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 and the production of relative oncoproteins was evaluated. The results showed that Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus gasseri modulated the basal expression of the E6 and E7 genes of SiHa cells and the production of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Vaginal dysbiosis bacteria had contrasting effects on E6/E7 gene expression and protein production. The expression of the E6 and E7 genes and the production of the relative oncoproteins was increased by strains of Gardnerella vaginalis and, to a lesser extent, by Megasphaera micronuciformis. In contrast, Prevotella bivia decreased the expression of oncogenes and the production of the E7 protein. A decreased amount of p53 and pRb was found in the cultures of SiHa cells with M. micronuciformis, and accordingly, in the same cultures, a higher percentage of cells progressed to the S-phase of the cell cycle compared to the untreated or Lactobacillus-stimulated cultures. These data confirm that L. crispatus represents the most protective component of the vaginal microbiota against neoplastic progression of HR-HPV infected cells, while M. micronuciformis and, to a lesser extent, G. vaginalis may directly interfere in the oncogenic process, inducing or maintaining the production of viral oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nicolò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Tanturli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baccani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonaiuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castronovo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - G Mattiuz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M G Torcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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11
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Di Tucci C, De Vito I, Muzii L. Immune-Onco-Microbiome: A New Revolution for Gynecological Cancers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030782. [PMID: 36979761 PMCID: PMC10045465 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying gynaecological cancers, these cancers still remain widespread. Recent research points to a possible link between microbiota and cancer, and the most recent attention is focusing on the relationship between the microbiome, the immune system, and cancer. The microbiome diversity can affect carcinogenesis and the patient’s immune response, modulating the inflammatory cascade and the severity of adverse events. In this review, we presented the recent evidence regarding microbiome alterations in patients with gynaecological tumours to understand if the link that exists between microbiome, immunity, and cancer can guide the prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic management of gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Tucci
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Ludovico Muzii
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
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12
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Das S, Bhattacharjee MJ, Mukherjee AK, Khan MR. Recent advances in understanding of multifaceted changes in the vaginal microenvironment: implications in vaginal health and therapeutics. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:256-282. [PMID: 35312419 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2049696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The vagina endures multifaceted changes from neonatal to menopausal phases due to hormonal flux, metabolite deposition, and microbial colonization. These features have important implications in women's health. Several pre-factors show dynamic characteristics according to the phases that shift the vaginal microbiota from anaerobes to aerobes which is a hallmark of healthy vaginal environment. These factors include oestrogen levels, glycogen deposition, and vaginal microstructure. In the adult phase, Lactobacillus is highly dominant and regulates pH, adherence, aggregation, immune modulation, synthesis of bacteriocins, and biosurfactants (BSs) which are antagonistic to pathogens. Maternal factors are protective by favouring the colonization of lactobacilli in the vagina in the neonatal phase, which diminishes with age. The dominance of lactobacilli and dysbiosis in the adult phase depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors in women, which vary between ethnicities. Recent developments in probiotics used against vaginal microbiome dysbiosis have shown great promise in restoring the normal microbiota including preventing the loss of beneficial bacteria. However, further in-depth studies are warranted to ensure long-term protection by probiotics. This review highlights various aspects of the vaginal microenvironment in different phases of growth and diverse ethnicities. Furthermore, it discusses future trends for formulating more effective population-specific probiotics and implications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics as effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Das
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Mojibur Rohman Khan
- Division of Life Science, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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13
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Melnyk K, Weimann K, Conrad TOF. Understanding microbiome dynamics via interpretable graph representation learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2058. [PMID: 36739319 PMCID: PMC9899240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale perturbations in the microbiome constitution are strongly correlated, whether as a driver or a consequence, with the health and functioning of human physiology. However, understanding the difference in the microbiome profiles of healthy and ill individuals can be complicated due to the large number of complex interactions among microbes. We propose to model these interactions as a time-evolving graph where nodes represent microbes and edges are interactions among them. Motivated by the need to analyse such complex interactions, we develop a method that can learn a low-dimensional representation of the time-evolving graph while maintaining the dynamics occurring in the high-dimensional space. Through our experiments, we show that we can extract graph features such as clusters of nodes or edges that have the highest impact on the model to learn the low-dimensional representation. This information is crucial for identifying microbes and interactions among them that are strongly correlated with clinical diseases. We conduct our experiments on both synthetic and real-world microbiome datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Melnyk
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kuba Weimann
- Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustraße 7, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim O F Conrad
- Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustraße 7, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Chapman-Davis E, Webster EM, Balogun OD, Frey MK, Holcomb K. Landmark Series on Disparities: Uterine Cancer and Strategies for Mitigation. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:48-57. [PMID: 36376567 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Longstanding racial disparities exist in uterine cancer. There is a growing body of literature documenting differences in the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and tumor characteristics of uterine cancer in Black women compared with White women that significantly contribute to the outcome disparity seen between the groups. This article seeks to provide an overview of racial disparities present in uterine cancer, with attention on Black women in the USA, as well as offer a review on the multifactorial etiology of the disparities described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Chapman-Davis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emily M Webster
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Onyinye D Balogun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NewYork-Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa K Frey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Elkafas H, Walls M, Al-Hendy A, Ismail N. Gut and genital tract microbiomes: Dysbiosis and link to gynecological disorders. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1059825. [PMID: 36590579 PMCID: PMC9800796 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1059825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, millions of women are affected by genital tract disorders, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), endometrial cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and uterine fibroids (UFs). These disorders pose a significant economic burden on healthcare systems and have serious implications for health and fertility outcomes. This review explores the relationships between gut, vaginal, and uterine dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of various diseases of the female genital tract. In recent years, reproductive health clinicians and scientists have focused on the microbiome to investigate its role in the pathogenesis and prevention of such diseases. Recent studies of the gut, vaginal, and uterine microbiomes have identified patterns in bacterial composition and changes across individuals' lives associated with specific healthy and diseased states, particularly regarding the effects of the estrogen-gut microbiome axis on estrogen-driven disorders (such as endometrial cancer, endometriosis, and UFs) and disorders associated with estrogen deficiency (such as PCOS). Furthermore, this review discusses the contribution of vitamin D deficiency to gut dysbiosis and altered estrogen metabolism as well as how these changes play key roles in the pathogenesis of UFs. More research on the microbiome influences on reproductive health and fertility is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority [EDA; formerly The National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR)], Cairo, Egypt
| | - Melinique Walls
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nahed Ismail
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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16
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Cazzaniga M, Cardinali M, Di Pierro F, Bertuccioli A. Ovarian Microbiota, Ovarian Cancer and the Underestimated Role of HPV. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416019. [PMID: 36555661 PMCID: PMC9784802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have highlighted the possible close correlation between human diseases and definite patterns of microbial organisms colonizing various organs. Even at sites traditionally considered sterile, such as the upper female reproductive tract (FRT), it is now well-recognized as hosting a low biomass of different bacterial phyla. Additionally, the data from recent studies highlight a possible link between lower and upper FRT dysbiosis with a potential predisposition to cervical and ovarian cancer. Acinetobacter, chlamydia, increased mycoplasma, and lactobacillary scarcity in the upper FRT have all been linked to a predisposition to ovarian cancer. Additionally, a high-diversity vaginal community state type (CST) is linked to the presence and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), resulting in decreased cellular p53 activity and a reduction in the immune activity of T lymphocytes, resulting in cervical and ovarian cancer predisposition. While these findings are still far from being clarified in all aspects, in patients with multiple risk factors for ovarian cancer, a Lactobacillus crispatus treatment with a product with a proven ability to restore a favorable CST should be considered as an add-on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Cardinali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Pierro
- Scientific & Research Department, Velleja Research, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexander Bertuccioli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61122 Urbino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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van Bommel MH, Pijnenborg JM, van der Putten LJM, Bulten J, Snijders MP, Küsters-Vandevelde HV, Sweegers S, Vos MC, Ligtenberg MJ, Eijkelenboom A, de Hullu JA, Reijnen C. Diagnostic accuracy of mutational analysis along the Müllerian tract to detect ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022; 32:1568-1575. [PMID: 36384753 PMCID: PMC9763223 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is known for its poor prognosis, which is mainly due to the lack of early symptoms and adequate screening options. In this study we evaluated whether mutational analysis in cervicovaginal and endometrial samples could assist in the detection of ovarian cancer. METHODS In this prospective multicenter study, we included patients surgically treated for either (suspicion of) ovarian cancer or for a benign gynecological condition (control group). A cervicovaginal self-sample, a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, a pipelle endometrial biopsy, and the surgical specimen were analyzed for (potentially) pathogenic variants in eight genes (ARID1A, CTNNB1, KRAS, MTOR, PIK3CA, POLE, PTEN, and TP53) using single-molecule molecular inversion probes. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Based on surgical histology, our dataset comprised 29 patients with ovarian cancer and 32 controls. In 83% of the patients with ovarian cancer, somatic (potentially) pathogenic variants could be detected in the final surgical specimen, of which 71% included at least a TP53 variant. In 52% of the ovarian cancer patients, such variants could be detected in either the self-sample, Pap smear, or pipelle. The Pap smear yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy with 26% sensitivity (95% CI 10% to 48%). Overall diagnostic accuracy was low and was not improved when including TP53 variants only. CONCLUSIONS Mutational analysis in cervicovaginal and endometrial samples has limited accuracy in the detection of ovarian cancer. Future research with cytologic samples analyzed on methylation status or the vaginal microbiome may be relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majke H.D. van Bommel
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radboud Institute for Health Science, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M.A. Pijnenborg
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radboud Institute for Health Science, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J M van der Putten
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radboud Institute for Health Science, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Bulten
- Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - M. Caroline Vos
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein J.L. Ligtenberg
- Pathology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joanne A de Hullu
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Radboud Institute for Health Science, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Reijnen
- Radiation Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Ju Y, Pu M, Sun K, Song G, Geng J. Nanopore Electrochemistry for Pathogen Detection. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200774. [PMID: 36069587 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen infections have seriously threatened human health, and there is an urgent demand for rapid and efficient pathogen identification to provide instructions in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Recently, nanopore technology, a rapidly maturing technology which delivers ultrasensitive sensing and high throughput in real-time and at low cost, has achieved success in pathogen detection. Furthermore, the remarkable development of nanopore sequencing, for example, the MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) as a competitive sequencing technology, has facilitated the rapid analysis of disease-related microbiomes at the whole-genome level and on a large scale. Here, we highlighted recent advances in nanopore approaches for pathogen detection at the single-molecule level. We also overviewed the applications of nanopore sequencing in pathogenic bacteria identification and diagnosis. In the end, we discussed the challenges and future developments of nanopore technology as promising tools for the management of infections, which may be helpful to aid understanding as well as decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ju
- Sichuan University, Sichuan University Library, CHINA
| | - Mengjun Pu
- Sichuan University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, CHINA
| | - Ke Sun
- Sichuan University, Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, CHINA
| | - Guiqin Song
- North Sichuan Medical College [Search North Sichuan Medical College]: North Sichuan Medical University, Shool of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, CHINA
| | - Jia Geng
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, No 17 Section 3 of South Renmin Rd, 610040, Chengdu, CHINA
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19
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Gholiof M, Adamson-De Luca E, Wessels JM. The female reproductive tract microbiotas, inflammation, and gynecological conditions. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2022; 4:963752. [PMID: 36303679 PMCID: PMC9580710 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.963752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate interactions between the host cells, bacteria, and immune components that reside in the female reproductive tract (FRT) are essential in maintaining reproductive tract homeostasis. Much of our current knowledge surrounding the FRT microbiota relates to the vaginal microbiota, where ‘health’ has long been associated with low bacterial diversity and Lactobacillus dominance. This concept has recently been challenged as women can have a diverse vaginal microbial composition in the absence of symptomatic disease. The structures of the upper FRT (the endocervix, uterus, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries) have distinct, lower biomass microbiotas than the vagina; however, the existence of permanent microbiotas at these sites is disputed. During homeostasis, a balance exists between the FRT bacteria and the immune system that maintains immune quiescence. Alterations in the bacteria, immune system, or local environment may result in perturbances to the FRT microbiota, defined as dysbiosis. The inflammatory signature of a perturbed or “dysbiotic” FRT microbiota is characterized by elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cervical and vaginal fluid. It appears that vaginal homeostasis can be disrupted by two different mechanisms: first, a shift toward increased bacterial diversity can trigger vaginal inflammation, and second, local immunity is altered in some manner, which disrupts the microbiota in response to an environmental change. FRT dysbiosis can have negative effects on reproductive health. This review will examine the increasing evidence for the involvement of the FRT microbiotas and inflammation in gynecologic conditions such as endometriosis, infertility, and endometrial and ovarian cancer; however, the precise mechanisms by which bacteria are involved in these conditions remains speculative at present. While only in their infancy, the use of antibiotics and probiotics to therapeutically alter the FRT microbiota is being studied and is discussed herein. Our current understanding of the intimate relationship between immunity and the FRT microbiota is in its early days, and more research is needed to deepen our mechanistic understanding of this relationship and to assess how our present knowledge can be harnessed to assist in diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gholiof
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Adamson-De Luca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- AIMA Laboratories Inc., Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jocelyn M. Wessels
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- AIMA Laboratories Inc., Hamilton, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jocelyn M. Wessels
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20
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Yaghoubi A, Khazaei M, Ghazvini K, Hasanian SM, Avan A, Soleimanpour S. Bacterial Peptide and Bacteriocins in Treating Gynecological Cancers. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Pramanick R, Nathani N, Warke H, Mayadeo N, Aranha C. Vaginal Dysbiotic Microbiome in Women With No Symptoms of Genital Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:760459. [PMID: 35096634 PMCID: PMC8790106 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.760459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome plays a critical role in determining the progression of female genital tract infections; however, little is known about the vaginal microbiota of Indian women. We aimed to investigate the vaginal microbial architecture of women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis (BV) (n=20) and normal microbiota (n=19). Microbial diversity was analyzed in vaginal swabs from regularly menstruating women (18-45yrs) by 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon (MiSeq Illumina) sequencing. Rarefaction analysis showed a higher number of species in normal flora compared to BV. Alpha diversity as measured by Pielou’s evenness revealed microbial diversity was significantly greater in BV samples than normal microbiota (p= 0.0165). Beta diversity comparison using UniFrac metrics indicated distinct microbial communities clustering between normal and BV flora. Firmicutes were the major phyla observed in vaginal specimens of normal microbiota whereas Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes were significantly abundant in BV samples. Notably, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly high in normal microbiota. Conversely Gardnerella, Sneathia, Prevotella, Atopobium, Ureaplasma, Dialister significantly dominated dysbiotic microbiota. Relative frequency of Lactobacillus decreased significantly in BV (6%) as compared to normal microbiota (35.2%). L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. iners, L. jensenii, L. mucosae, L. ruminis, L. salivarius, L. coleohominis was more exclusively present in normal microbiota. L. iners was detected from both the groups with a relative frequency of 50.4% and 17.2% in normal and BV microbiota respectively. Lefse analysis indicated Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia amnii, Mycoplasma hominis Prevotella disiens in the vaginal microbiota as a biomarker for dysbiosis and L. jensenii as a biomarker of a healthy microbiota. Firmicutes were negatively correlated to Tenericutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. Proteobacteria positively correlated to Tenericutes, and Bacteroidetes were shown to be positively correlated to Fusobacteria. Predicted functional analysis indicated differences in the functional profiles between BV and normal microbiota. Normal microbiota utilized pathways essential for phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis I & II, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis I, mevalonate pathway, CoA biosynthesis pathway I and pyrimidine nucleotide salvage; whereas BV bacteria had characteristic aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway, carbohydrate degradation. In conclusion, women with asymptomatic BV have vaginal microbiota significantly different than women with normal microbiota. Furthermore, the study provides insights into the vaginal microbial structure of Indian women that will enable us to explore the prospective candidates for restoring the vaginal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Pramanick
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Neelam Nathani
- School of Applied Sciences & Technology (SAST-GTU), Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Himangi Warke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Niranjan Mayadeo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Clara Aranha
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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22
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Ye Z, Zhang Y, Du M, Lu S, Zhao Q, Yang S. The Correlation Between Probiotics and Anxiety and Depression Levels in Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:830081. [PMID: 35432048 PMCID: PMC9010612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.830081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown a correlation between gut microbiota and anxiety and depression levels. However, these studies are mainly animal studies or clinical studies of non-cancer patients, there is still a lack of relevant studies in cancer patients. The main objective of this trial was to analyze the correlation between probiotics and anxiety and depression levels in cancer patients. METHODS We screened all cancer patients consecutively admitted to the inpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in May 2020. A total of 292 cancer patients met our inclusion criteria. Then, we followed up all patients for 24 weeks. Patients who had incomplete data or loss of follow-up were excluded. In addition, in patients who took probiotics, those did not take probiotics consistently or did not take specific probiotics were excluded. Ultimately, the number of patients enrolled was 82 in probiotics cohort and 100 in non-probiotics cohort. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17) questionnaire was used to measure the depression levels of the patients, and we also used Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) questionnaire to assess the patients' anxiety levels. A logistic regression model was used to analyze whether the difference in baseline data of two cohorts would affect the final result. RESULTS Demographic and clinical characteristics of all cancer patients enrolled in probiotics cohort and non-probiotics cohort were similar except the cancer therapy (P = 0.004). According to the HAMA score, we divided cancer patients into non-anxiety group (HAMA score < 14) and anxiety group (HAMA score ≥ 14). Similarly, cancer patients were also divided into non-depression group (HAMD-17 score ≤ 7) and depression group (HAMD-17 score > 7). The results demonstrated that there was no statistical difference in the proportion of patients with anxiety (6.1 and 13.0%, respectively, P = 0.121) and depression (30.5 and 23.0%, respectively, P = 0.254) between probiotics and non-probiotics cohorts. The results of logistic regression model analysis further proved that the baseline difference in cancer therapy did not affect the conclusions. CONCLUSION Our results still suggest that there is no significant correlation between probiotics and anxiety and depression levels in cancer patients. Therefore, we do not recommend supplementing probiotics for cancer patients to prevent anxiety and depression. Moreover, high-quality RCTs are also needed to further confirm the conclusions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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