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Schurman CA, Kaya S, Dole N, Luna NMM, Castillo N, Potter R, Rose JP, Bons J, King CD, Burton JB, Schilling B, Melov S, Tang S, Schaible E, Alliston T. Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality. Bone Res 2024; 12:13. [PMID: 38409111 PMCID: PMC10897167 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly individuals. The molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality, independent of bone mass, are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by osteocytes. We hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR), which maintains bone material properties. We examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβ signaling (TβRIIocy-/-) that suppresses PLR. The control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβ signaling and PLR, but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRIIocy-/- bone. This relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical tests. The effects of age on bone mass, density, and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ. We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Schurman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Neha Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nadja M Maldonado Luna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Natalia Castillo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ryan Potter
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jacob P Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Jordan B Burton
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Simon Melov
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Simon Tang
- Washington University in St Louis, Department of Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Choi E, Bae S, Kim D, Yang GH, Lee K, You HJ, Kang HJ, Gwak SJ, An S, Jeon H. Characterization and intracellular mechanism of electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers incorporated with bone-dECM powder as a potential membrane for guided bone regeneration. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Erkmen Almaz M, Ulusoy NB, Akbay Oba A, Erdem Ü, Doğan M. Thermal, morphological, and spectral changes after Er, Cr:YSGG laser irradiation at low fluences on primary teeth for caries prevention. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:150-159. [PMID: 33219723 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the temperature increase in the pulp chamber and possible thermal effects on molecular structure of primary teeth during the irradiation with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Primary central incisors were divided into three groups (n = 20). Labial surfaces in each group were irradiated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser within different power and frequencies as following groups: I: 0.25 W, 20 Hz, II: 0.50 W, 20 Hz, III: 0.75 W, 20 Hz. A thermocouple was placed inside the pulp chamber so that the temperature increments were recorded during the enamel irradiation. Morphological changes of enamel surfaces were experimentally evaluated by SEM. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and RAMAN analyses were carried out to determine the differentiations in the molecular structure. The experimental results obtained were analyzed statistically by means of one-way analysis of variance. Statistically significant differences were detected between groups (p < .05). Group III exhibited the highest values for the temperature parameters. Besides, the conical craters, cracks, and formation of ablation areas were observed for all the groups. Also, it was obtained that the hydroxyapatite lost the hydroxyl ions due to the thermal effect of the laser. Temperature rise throughout the Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation for prevention of primary enamel demineralization presented a positive correlation with the laser output power level. The formations of adverse morphological and spectral changes were detected on the surface of teeth after the laser application. On this basis, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser applications should be treated with much more caution considering enamel surface and pulpal tissues in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erkmen Almaz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | | | - Aylin Akbay Oba
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ümit Erdem
- Scientific and Technological Research Application Center, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Doğan
- Scientific and Technological Research Application Center, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Schüttfort G, Höfler S, Kann G, Königs C, de Leuw P, Herrmann E, Stephan C, Haberl A. Influence of tenofovir exposure in utero on primary dentition. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:1761-1768. [PMID: 32424746 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tenofovir disoxoproxil fumarate (TDF) is recommended for antiretroviral treatment for pregnant women living with HIV. As a comparative method to study bone density, we investigated the influence of in utero tenofovir exposure on the prevalence and distribution of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition, as the mineralization process in teeth is higher and more complex and thus more vulnerable. HIV-exposed children with in utero exposition to tenofovir were included in this prospective observational single-center study. Dental status and enamel defects were assessed by an experienced dentist following a standardized protocol. Further information was collected using a standardized questionnaire, available in German and English. The prevalence of developmental defects in children with intrauterine tenofovir exposure was compared with literature data from a recent study of 377 healthy children in Germany and literature data from a study of 1221 healthy African children. Thirty-one children (mean age 2.1 ± 0.3 years; 41.9% female) were included. Median tenofovir exposure in utero was 28 weeks (mean ± 10.52 SD). Prevalence of developmental defects in the primary dentition in tenofovir-exposed children was similar compared to data of unexposed children (16.1% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.051 (compared to German cohort); 16.1% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.068 (compared to African cohort)).Conclusion: HIV-uninfected infants with in utero exposure to TDF showed no significant differences in the prevalence of DDE in comparison to cross-sectional data of HIV- and TDF-unexposed children; thus, the in utero exposure to TDF did not negatively influence the prevalence or distribution of DDE. What is Known: • There are no data available on the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition in intrauterine HIV- and tenofovir-exposed children. • Conclusions can be drawn from intrauterine milk tooth development to bone development and mineralization. What is New: • Prevalence of developmental defects in the primary dentition in tenofovir-exposed children was similar compared to data of unexposed children. • Preterm birth and hospitalization did not show a significant association on the prevalence of developmental defects in the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundolf Schüttfort
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Stephan Höfler
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerrit Kann
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Königs
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp de Leuw
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Department for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Annette Haberl
- Department for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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The Effect of Dietary Rye Inclusion and Xylanase Supplementation on Structural Organization of Bone Constitutive Phases in Laying Hens Fed a Wheat-Corn Diet. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112010. [PMID: 33142930 PMCID: PMC7692776 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary rye inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the bone quality of ISA Brown laying hens. Ninety-six laying hens were assigned to four groups: fed with wheat-corn diet or rye-wheat-corn diet (25% of hybrid rye inclusion) or nonsupplemented or supplemented with xylanase (200 mg/kg of feed) for a period of 25 weeks, from the 26th to the 50th week of age. X-ray absorptiometry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to provide comprehensive information about the structural organization of bone constitutive phases of the tibia mid-diaphysis in hens from all treatment groups. Bone hydroxyapatite size was not affected by diet. Xylanase supplementation influenced the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio and crystallinity index in hens fed with both diets. Xylanase had more pronounced effects on bone mineral density and collagen maturity in hens fed with the rye-wheat-corn diet versus those fed with the wheat-corn diet. The results of this study showed that modern rye varieties, when supplemented with exogenous xylanase, can be introduced to the diet of laying hens without any adverse effects on bone structure.
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Grover K, Hu M, Lin L, Muir J, Qin YX. Functional disuse initiates medullary endosteal micro-architectural impairment in cortical bone characterized by nanoindentation. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:1048-1057. [PMID: 31292723 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of functional disuse-induced bone remodeling on its mechanical properties, individually at periosteum and medullary endosteum regions of the cortical bone. Left middle tibiae were obtained from 5-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats for the baseline control as well as hindlimb suspended (disuse) groups. Micro-nano-mechanical elastic moduli (at lateral region) was evaluated along axial (Z), circumferential (C) and radial (R) orientations using nanoindentation. Results indicated an anisotropic microstructure with axial orientation having the highest and radial orientation with the lowest moduli at periosteum and medullary endosteum for both baseline control as well as disuse groups. Between the groups: at periosteum, an insignificant difference was evaluated for each of the orientations (p > 0.05) and at endosteum, a significant decrease of elastic moduli in the radial (p < 0.0001), circumferential (p < 0.001) and statistically insignificant difference in axial (p > 0.05) orientation. For the moduli ratios between groups: at periosteum, only significant difference in the Z/R (p < 0.05) anisotropy ratio, whereas at endosteum, a statistically significant difference in Z/C (p < 0.001), and Z/R (p < 0.001), as well as C/R (p < 0.05) anisotropy ratios, was evaluated. The results suggested initial bone remodeling impaired bone micro-architecture predominantly at the medullary endosteum with possible alterations in the geometric orientations of collagen and mineral phases inside the bone. The findings could be significant for studying the mechanotransduction pathways involved in maintaining the bone micro-architecture and possibly have high clinical significance for drug use against impairment from functional disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Grover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Minyi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Liangjun Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Jesse Muir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA.
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Pathological Mineralization: The Potential of Mineralomics. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193126. [PMID: 31557841 PMCID: PMC6804219 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological mineralization has been reported countless times in the literature and is a well-known phenomenon in the medical field for its connections to a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. The minerals involved in calcification, however, have not been directly studied as extensively as the organic components of each of the pathologies. These have been studied in isolation and, for most of them, physicochemical properties are hitherto not fully known. In a parallel development, materials science methods such as electron microscopy, spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and others have been used in biology mainly for the study of hard tissues and biomaterials and have only recently been incorporated in the study of other biological systems. This review connects a range of soft tissue diseases, including breast cancer, age-related macular degeneration, aortic valve stenosis, kidney stone diseases, and Fahr’s syndrome, all of which have been associated with mineralization processes. Furthermore, it describes how physicochemical material characterization methods have been used to provide new information on such pathologies. Here, we focus on diseases that are associated with calcium-composed minerals to discuss how understanding the properties of these minerals can provide new insights on their origins, considering that different conditions and biological features are required for each type of mineral to be formed. We show that mineralomics, or the study of the properties and roles of minerals, can provide information which will help to improve prevention methods against pathological mineral build-up, which in the cases of most of the diseases mentioned in this review, will ultimately lead to new prevention or treatment methods for the diseases. Importantly, this review aims to highlight that chemical composition alone cannot fully support conclusions drawn on the nature of these minerals.
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Shih YV, Varghese S. Tissue engineered bone mimetics to study bone disorders ex vivo: Role of bioinspired materials. Biomaterials 2019; 198:107-121. [PMID: 29903640 PMCID: PMC6281816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials development and tissue engineering has resulted in a substantial number of bioinspired materials that recapitulate cardinal features of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) such as dynamic inorganic and organic environment(s), hierarchical organization, and topographical features. Bone mimicking materials, as defined by its self-explanatory term, are developed based on the current understandings of the natural bone ECM during development, remodeling, and fracture repair. Compared to conventional plastic cultures, biomaterials that resemble some aspects of the native environment could elicit a more natural molecular and cellular response relevant to the bone tissue. Although current bioinspired materials are mainly developed to assist tissue repair or engineer bone tissues, such materials could nevertheless be applied to model various skeletal diseases in vitro. This review summarizes the use of bioinspired materials for bone tissue engineering, and their potential to model diseases of bone development and remodeling ex vivo. We largely focus on biomaterials, designed to re-create different aspects of the chemical and physical cues of native bone ECM. Employing these bone-inspired materials and tissue engineered bone surrogates to study bone diseases has tremendous potential and will provide a closer portrayal of disease progression and maintenance, both at the cellular and tissue level. We also briefly touch upon the application of patient-derived stem cells and introduce emerging technologies such as organ-on-chip in disease modeling. Faithful recapitulation of disease pathologies will not only offer novel insights into diseases, but also lead to enabling technologies for drug discovery and new approaches for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Vernon Shih
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Mathavan N, Turunen MJ, Guizar-Sicairos M, Bech M, Schaff F, Tägil M, Isaksson H. The compositional and nano-structural basis of fracture healing in healthy and osteoporotic bone. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1591. [PMID: 29371668 PMCID: PMC5785543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a prevalent metabolic bone disorder, predisposes individuals to increased susceptibility to fractures. It is also, somewhat controversially, thought to delay or impair the regenerative response. Using high-resolution Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and small/wide-angle X-ray scattering we sought to answer the following questions: Does the molecular composition and the nano-structure in the newly regenerated bone differ between healthy and osteoporotic environments? And how do pharmacological treatments, such as bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) alone or synergistically combined with zoledronate (ZA), alter callus composition and nano-structure in such environments? Cumulatively, on the basis of compositional and nano-structural characterizations of newly formed bone in an open-osteotomy rat model, the healing response in untreated healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic environments was fundamentally the same. However, the BMP-7 induced osteogenic response resulted in greater heterogeneity in the nano-structural crystal dimensions and this effect was more pronounced with osteoporosis. ZA mitigated the effects of the upregulated catabolism induced by both BMP-7 and an osteoporotic bone environment. The findings contribute to our understanding of how the repair processes in healthy and osteoporotic bone differ in both untreated and treated contexts and the data presented represents the most comprehensive study of fracture healing at the nanoscale undertaken to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Martin Bech
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Florian Schaff
- Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Magnus Tägil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Mathew RT, Khader M, Fathima S, Sripathi Rao BH. Study of Distracted Bone in Maxilla: A Comparative Analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2017; 16:347-355. [PMID: 28717294 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-017-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anterior maxillary distraction is one of the accepted modalities to treat hypoplastic maxilla. The study was undertaken to assess the maturation of the bone formed, which is measured by analyzing the amount of mineralization of the bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the study 29 patients were chosen, who were divided into three groups. First group consist of patients who had undergone distraction osteogenesis. Second group has cleft patients and third group is the control group. A bone biopsy using trephine drill is obtained from the subjects. This sample is subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS From the results a mineral to matrix ratio is obtained which is then compared between the three groups. There is a statistically significant difference between the mineralization of the three groups. The distracted bone shows the lowest mineralization while mineralization of the cleft bone is also less than the normal bone. CONCLUSION The study conclusively establishes that the distracted bone is not as mineralized as the normal bone. Although functionally the distracted bone is as good as the native bone and grafted bone as proved by the success rate of the implants placed. The study also highlights the use of FTIR for assessing the bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Thomas Mathew
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, 575 018 India.,Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
| | - Mustafa Khader
- Centre for Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenpoya University, Mangalore, 575 018 India
| | - Shehzana Fathima
- Centre for Craniofacial Anomalies, Yenpoya University, Mangalore, 575 018 India
| | - B H Sripathi Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, 575 018 India.,Yenepoya University , Mangalore, India
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12
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO 4): occurrence and properties. Prog Biomater 2015; 5:9-70. [PMID: 27471662 PMCID: PMC4943586 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-015-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4). This type of materials is of the special significance for the human beings because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with CaPO4, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenorthophosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of CaPO4. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered as in vivo dissolution of CaPO4. In addition, natural CaPO4 are the major source of phosphorus, which is used to produce agricultural fertilizers, detergents and various phosphorus-containing chemicals. Thus, there is a great significance of CaPO4 for the humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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Torres-Rodríguez C, Portolés MT, Matesanz MC, Linares J, Feito MJ, Izquierdo-Barba I, Esbrit P, Vallet-Regí M. Effects of bleaching on osteoclast activity and their modulation by osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 461:285-291. [PMID: 26407056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Dental bleaching with H2O2 is a common daily practice in dentistry to correct discoloration of anterior teeth. The aim of this study has been to determine whether this treatment of human teeth affects growth, differentiation and activity of osteoclast-like cells, as well as the putative modulatory action of osteostatin and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). EXPERIMENTS Previously to the in vitro assays, structural, physical-chemical and morphological features of teeth after bleaching were studied. Osteoclast-like cells were cultured on human dentin disks, pre-treated or not with 38% H2O2 bleaching gel, in the presence or absence of osteostatin (100 nM) or FGF-2 (1 ng/ml). Cell proliferation and viability, intracellular content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNFα) secretion and resorption activity were evaluated. FINDINGS Bleaching treatment failed to affect either the structural or the chemical features of both enamel and dentin, except for slight morphological changes, increased porosity in the most superficial parts (enamel), and a moderate increase in the wettability degree. In this scenario, bleaching produced an increased osteoclast-like cell proliferation but decreased cell viability and cytokine secretion, while it augmented resorption activity on dentin. The presence of either osteostatin or FGF-2 reduced the osteoclast-like cell proliferation induced by bleaching. FGF-2 enhanced ROS content, whereas osteostatin decreased ROS but increased TNFα secretion. The bleaching effect on resorption activity was increased by osteostatin, but this effect was less evident with FGF-2. CONCLUSIONS These findings further confirm the deleterious effects of tooth bleaching by affecting osteoclast growth and function as well as different modulatory actions of osteostatin and FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Salud Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - M Teresa Portolés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Concepción Matesanz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M José Feito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Izquierdo-Barba
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubrei+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Pedro Esbrit
- Laboratorio de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS)-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Salud Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubrei+12, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ellingham ST, Thompson TJ, Islam M. The Effect of Soft Tissue on Temperature Estimation from Burnt Bone Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 2015; 61:153-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T.D. Ellingham
- School of Science and Engineering; Teesside University; TS5 5QG Middlesbrough UK
| | - Tim J.U. Thompson
- School of Science and Engineering; Teesside University; TS5 5QG Middlesbrough UK
| | - Meez Islam
- School of Science and Engineering; Teesside University; TS5 5QG Middlesbrough UK
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15
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ATMEH A, CHONG E, RICHARD G, BOYDE A, FESTY F, WATSON T. Calcium silicate cement-induced remineralisation of totally demineralised dentine in comparison with glass ionomer cement: tetracycline labelling and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc 2014; 257:151-60. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. ATMEH
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - E.Z. CHONG
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute; Guy's Hospital; London Bridge London SE1 9RT U.K
| | - G. RICHARD
- Septodont; Saint Maur des Fossés Cedex France
| | - A. BOYDE
- Hard Tissue Research Unit; Queen Mary, University of London; Mile End Road London E1 4NS U.K
| | - F. FESTY
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute; Guy's Hospital; London Bridge London SE1 9RT U.K
| | - T.F. WATSON
- Biomaterials, Biomimetics and Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute; Guy's Hospital; London Bridge London SE1 9RT U.K
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16
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Raman ratios on the repair of grafted surgical bone defects irradiated or not with laser (λ780nm) or LED (λ850nm). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 138:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca(2+), which facilitate its reversible binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as a carrier of cellular signals. A number of proteins bind Ca(2+) to specific sites: those intrinsic to membranes play the most important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of the concentration and movements of Ca(2+) inside cells. Those which are soluble, or organized in non-membranous structures, also decode the Ca(2+) message to be then transmitted to the targets of its regulation. Since Ca(2+) controls the most important processes in the life of cells, it must be very carefully controlled within the cytoplasm, where most of the targets of its signaling function reside. Membrane channels (in the plasma membrane and in the organelles) mediate the entrance of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, ATPases, exchangers, and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake system remove Ca(2+) from it. The concentration of Ca(2+) in the external spaces, which is controlled essentially by its dynamic exchanges in the bone system, is much higher than inside cells, and can, under conditions of pathology, generate a situation of dangerous internal Ca(2+) overload. When massive and persistent, the Ca(2+) overload culminates in the death of the cell. Subtle conditions of cellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis that affect individual systems that control Ca(2+), generate cell disease phenotypes that are particularly severe in tissues in which the signaling function of Ca(2+) has special importance, e.g., the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy,
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18
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Willems NMBK, Langenbach GEJ, Stoop R, den Toonder JMJ, Mulder L, Zentner A, Everts V. Higher number of pentosidine cross-links induced by ribose does not alter tissue stiffness of cancellous bone. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:15-21. [PMID: 25063086 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The role of mature collagen cross-links, pentosidine (Pen) cross-links in particular, in the micromechanical properties of cancellous bone is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine nonenzymatic glycation effects on tissue stiffness of demineralized and non-demineralized cancellous bone. A total of 60 bone samples were derived from mandibular condyles of six pigs, and assigned to either control or experimental groups. Experimental handling included incubation in phosphate buffered saline alone or with 0.2M ribose at 37°C for 15 days and, in some of the samples, subsequent complete demineralization of the sample surface using 8% EDTA. Before and after experimental handling, bone microarchitecture and tissue mineral density were examined by means of microcomputed tomography. After experimental handling, the collagen content and the number of Pen, hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), and lysylpyridinoline (LP) cross-links were estimated using HPLC, and tissue stiffness was assessed by means of nanoindentation. Ribose treatment caused an up to 300-fold increase in the number of Pen cross-links compared to nonribose-incubated controls, but did not affect the number of HP and LP cross-links. This increase in the number of Pen cross-links had no influence on tissue stiffness of both demineralized and nondemineralized bone samples. These findings suggest that Pen cross-links do not play a significant role in bone tissue stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nop M B K Willems
- Dept. of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dept. of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, MOVE Research Institute, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Geerling E J Langenbach
- Dept. of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, MOVE Research Institute, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout Stoop
- Dept. of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, P.O. Box 2215, 2301 CE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Mulder
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrej Zentner
- Dept. of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Everts
- Dept. of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, MOVE Research Institute, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Boskey AL. Bone composition: relationship to bone fragility and antiosteoporotic drug effects. BONEKEY REPORTS 2013; 2:447. [PMID: 24501681 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The composition of a bone can be described in terms of the mineral phase, hydroxyapatite, the organic phase, which consists of collagen type I, noncollagenous proteins, other components and water. The relative proportions of these various components vary with age, site, gender, disease and treatment. Any drug therapy could change the composition of a bone. This review, however, will only address those pharmaceuticals used to treat or prevent diseases of bone: fragility fractures in particular, and the way they can alter the composition. As bone is a heterogeneous tissue, its composition must be discussed in terms of the chemical makeup, properties of its chemical constituents and their distributions in the ever-changing bone matrix. Emphasis, in this review, is placed on changes in composition as a function of age and various diseases of bone, particularly osteoporosis. It is suggested that while some of the antiosteoporotic drugs can and do modify composition, their positive effects on bone strength may be balanced by negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, affiliated with Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA ; Department of Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, NY, USA
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20
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Green DE, Adler BJ, Chan ME, Lennon JJ, Acerbo AS, Miller LM, Rubin CT. Altered composition of bone as triggered by irradiation facilitates the rapid erosion of the matrix by both cellular and physicochemical processes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64952. [PMID: 23741433 PMCID: PMC3669258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation rapidly undermines trabecular architecture, a destructive process which proceeds despite a devastated cell population. In addition to the 'biologically orchestrated' resorption of the matrix by osteoclasts, physicochemical processes enabled by a damaged matrix may contribute to the rapid erosion of bone quality. 8w male C57BL/6 mice exposed to 5 Gy of Cs(137) γ-irradiation were compared to age-matched control at 2d, 10d, or 8w following exposure. By 10d, irradiation had led to significant loss of trabecular bone volume fraction. Assessed by reflection-based Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI), chemical composition of the irradiated matrix indicated that mineralization had diminished at 2d by -4.3±4.8%, and at 10d by -5.8±3.2%. These data suggest that irradiation facilitates the dissolution of the matrix through a change in the material itself, a conclusion supported by a 13.7±4.5% increase in the elastic modulus as measured by nanoindentation. The decline in viable cells within the marrow of irradiated mice at 2d implies that the immediate collapse of bone quality and inherent increased risk of fracture is not solely a result of an overly-active biologic process, but one fostered by alterations in the material matrix that predisposes the material to erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J. Adler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Meilin Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - James J. Lennon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Alvin S. Acerbo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States of America
| | - Clinton T. Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abstract
The likelihood of suffering a bone fracture is not solely predicated on areal bone mineral density. As people age, there are numerous changes to the skeleton occurring at multiple length scales (from millimeters to submicron scales) that reduce the ability of bone to resist fracture. Herein is a review of the current knowledge about the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in this resistance, with emphasis on engineering principles that characterize fracture resistance beyond bone strength to include bone toughness and fracture toughness. These measurements of the capacity to dissipate energy and to resist crack propagation during failure precipitously decline with age. An age-related loss in collagen integrity is strongly associated with decreases in these mechanical properties. One potential cause for this deleterious change in the ECM is an increase in advanced glycation end products, which accumulate with aging through nonenzymatic collagen crosslinking. Potential regulators and diagnostic tools of the ECM with respect to fracture resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 27212, USA.
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22
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Fu X, Chen J, Wu D, Du Z, Lei Q, Cai Z, Schultze-Mosgau S. Effects of ovariectomy on rat mandibular cortical bone: a study using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3318-23. [PMID: 22401368 DOI: 10.1021/ac300046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) on rat mandibular bone, the physicochemical compositions of mandibular cortical bone of ovariectomy and sham operated rats 2, 4, and 8 months after surgery were compared using Raman spectroscopy. With principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis based on the Raman spectra, the mandibular cortical bone of the OVX group was clearly distinguished from that of the sham-operated group 8 months after surgery with no overlap. Specifically, significant reductions in the mineral-to-matrix ratio and full width at half-maximum as well as a significant increase in the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio were observed in the mandibular cortical bone of the OVX group. Results support the hypothesis that Raman spectroscopy is sensitive enough to distinguish between OVX and sham-operated mandibles with multivariate analysis by detecting the chemical composition of the mandibular cortical bone. The parameters mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, and full width at half-maximum can appropriately characterize changes in the chemical composition of the mandibular cortical bone after OVX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fu
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
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23
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium orthophosphates: occurrence, properties, biomineralization, pathological calcification and biomimetic applications. BIOMATTER 2011; 1:121-64. [PMID: 23507744 PMCID: PMC3549886 DOI: 10.4161/biom.18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers' attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. This type of materials is of special significance for human beings, because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and antlers) and pathological (i.e., those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. For example, atherosclerosis results in blood vessel blockage caused by a solid composite of cholesterol with calcium orthophosphates, while dental caries and osteoporosis mean a partial decalcification of teeth and bones, respectively, that results in replacement of a less soluble and harder biological apatite by more soluble and softer calcium hydrogenphosphates. Therefore, the processes of both normal and pathological calcifications are just an in vivo crystallization of calcium orthophosphates. Similarly, dental caries and osteoporosis might be considered an in vivo dissolution of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, calcium orthophosphates hold a great significance for humankind, and in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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24
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Türker S, Özer AY, Kutlu B, Nohutcu R, Bilgili H, Öztürk D, Özalp M, Sungur A. Gamma Irradiation Studies I. Dental Grafts. J Med Device 2011. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4004647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nanoceramics-polymer composites and bioactive materials such as calcium phosphates and bioglasses and ceramics especially hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) for bone regeneration has been carried out for bone regeneration. Due to their resorption in the body and direct contact with tissues, it is necessary to sterilize the dental graft before administration to the patient. Three different dental graft materials including TCP, bioglass, and equine bone tissue (G1, G2, and G3, respectively) were studied in this study. The effects of γ irradiation were evaluated with different analytical methods (organoleptic analysis, FTIR, DSC, TGA, and SEM) and microbiological analysis (sterility, pyrogenity, and sterility assurance level (SAL) determination). The physicochemical results indicated that G1 is the most γ stable (optimum) dental graft material for γ radiation sterilization with minimum changes in chemical and physical properties in comparison with other two dental graft materials. G3, was the most sensitive dental graft material according to organoleptic investigations, TGA and SEM analysis. Another aspect of this study was, to investigate the effect of ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization on optimum dental graft material, G1 and the comparison of two sterilization methods with analytical and microbiological examinations. The resorption times and resorption characteristics of γ sterilized dental graft material (G1G) and EtO sterilized one (G1E) were evaluated on New Zealand rabbits for 12 weeks. Histological studies showed that TCP containing dental graft material, G1, did not induce inflammation in bone and soft tissue. Resorption and bone formation of G1G was faster than G1E. Total resorption time of G1 was 12 weeks for both sterilization groups. The analytical, microbiological and in vivo results suggest that the dental graft G1 can be sterilized with γ radiation safely with validated doses lower than medical γ sterilization dose, 25 kGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcan Türker
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Yekta Özer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Kutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahime Nohutcu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Bilgili
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Öztürk
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meral Özalp
- Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Sungur
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Eve Donnelly
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
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26
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Burket J, Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Havill LM, Baker SP, Boskey AL, van der Meulen MCH. Microstructure and nanomechanical properties in osteons relate to tissue and animal age. J Biomech 2010; 44:277-84. [PMID: 21074774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Material property changes in bone tissue with ageing are a crucial missing component in our ability to understand and predict age-related fracture. Cortical bone osteons contain a natural gradient in tissue age, providing an ideal location to examine these effects. This study utilized osteons from baboons aged 0-32 years (n=12 females), representing the baboon lifespan, to examine effects of tissue and animal age on mechanical properties and composition of the material. Tissue mechanical properties (indentation modulus and hardness), composition (mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate substitution, and crystallinity), and aligned collagen content (aligned collagen peak height ratio) were sampled along three radial lines in three osteons per sample by nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy, respectively. Indentation modulus, hardness, mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate substitution, and aligned collagen peak height ratio followed biphasic relationships with animal age, increasing sharply during rapid growth before leveling off at sexual maturity. Mineral-to-matrix ratio and carbonate substitution increased 12% and 6.7%, respectively, per year across young animals during growth, corresponding with a nearly 7% increase in stiffness and hardness. Carbonate substitution and aligned collagen peak height ratio both increased with tissue age, increasing 6-12% across the osteon radii. Indentation modulus most strongly correlated with mineral-to-matrix ratio, which explained 78% of the variation in indentation modulus. Overall, the measured compositional and mechanical parameters were the lowest in tissue of the youngest animals. These results demonstrate that composition and mechanical function are closely related and influenced by tissue and animal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme Burket
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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27
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Sloofman LG, Verdelis K, Spevak L, Zayzafoon M, Yamauchi M, Opdenaker LM, Farach-Carson MC, Boskey AL, Kirn-Safran CB. Effect of HIP/ribosomal protein L29 deficiency on mineral properties of murine bones and teeth. Bone 2010; 47:93-101. [PMID: 20362701 PMCID: PMC2892198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking HIP/RPL29, a component of the ribosomal machinery, display increased bone fragility. To understand the effect of sub-efficient protein synthetic rates on mineralized tissue quality, we performed dynamic and static histomorphometry and examined the mineral properties of both bones and teeth in HIP/RPL29 knock-out mice using Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI). While loss of HIP/RPL29 consistently reduced total bone size, decreased mineral apposition rates were not significant, indicating that short stature is not primarily due to impaired osteoblast function. Interestingly, our microspectroscopic studies showed that a significant decrease in collagen crosslinking during maturation of HIP/RPL29-null bone precedes an overall enhancement in the relative extent of mineralization of both trabecular and cortical adult bones. This report provides strong genetic evidence that ribosomal insufficiency induces subtle organic matrix deficiencies which elevates calcification. Consistent with the HIP/RPL29-null bone phenotype, HIP/RPL29-deficient teeth also showed reduced geometric properties accompanied with relative increased mineral densities of both dentin and enamel. Increased mineralization associated with enhanced tissue fragility related to imperfection in organic phase microstructure evokes defects seen in matrix protein-related bone and tooth diseases. Thus, HIP/RPL29 mice constitute a new genetic model for studying the contribution of global protein synthesis in the establishment of organic and inorganic phases in mineral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G. Sloofman
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kostas Verdelis
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lyudmila Spevak
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Majd Zayzafoon
- Dept. Pathology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mistuo Yamauchi
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lynn M. Opdenaker
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Dept. Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Catherine B. Kirn-Safran
- Dept. Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- To whom correspondence and proofs should be addressed: Catherine Kirn-Safran, Ph.D., University of Delaware, Dept. Biological Sciences, 310 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, Tel: 302-831-3249, Fax: 302-831-2281,
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28
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Masuda T, Kawai T, Anada T, Kamakura S, Suzuki O. Quality of Regenerated Bone Enhanced by Implantation of Octacalcium Phosphate–Collagen Composite. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:471-8. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Masuda
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering (CFE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering (CFE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Oral Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering (CFE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamakura
- Bone Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering (CFE), Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Kim M, Foo LF, Uggen C, Lyman S, Ryaby JT, Moynihan DP, Grande DA, Potter HG, Pleshko N. Evaluation of early osteochondral defect repair in a rabbit model utilizing fourier transform-infrared imaging spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, and quantitative T2 mapping. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:355-64. [PMID: 19586313 PMCID: PMC2945312 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evaluation of the morphology and matrix composition of repair cartilage is a critical step toward understanding the natural history of cartilage repair and efficacy of potential therapeutics. In the current study, short-term articular cartilage repair (3 and 6 weeks) was evaluated in a rabbit osteochondral defect model treated with thrombin peptide (TP-508) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantitative T2 mapping, and Fourier transform-infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS). METHODS Three-mm-diameter osteochondral defects were made in the rabbit trochlear groove and filled with either TP-508 plus poly-lactoglycolidic acid microspheres or poly-lactoglycolidic acid microspheres alone (placebo). Repair tissue and adjacent normal cartilage were evaluated at 3 and 6 weeks postdefect creation. Intact knees were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging for repair morphology, and with quantitative T2 mapping to assess collagen orientation. Histological sections were evaluated by FT-IRIS for parameters that reflect collagen quantity and quality, as well as proteoglycan (PG) content. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in volume of repair tissue at either time point. At 6 weeks, placebo repair tissue demonstrated longer T2 values (p < 0.01) than TP-508 did. Although both placebo and TP-508 repair tissue demonstrated longer T2 values than adjacent normal cartilage did, the 6-week T2 values of the TP-508 specimens were closer to those of the adjacent normal cartilage than were the placebo values. FT-IRIS analysis demonstrated a significant increase in collagen content, integrity, and PG content of the TP-508 repair tissue from 3 to 6 weeks (p < or = 0.05). In addition, the collagen and PG content of the TP-508 samples were closer to normal cartilage at 3 weeks than were the placebo samples. Further, there was a significant inverse correlation between the T2 relaxation values and collagen orientation in the normal cartilage. However, there were no significant correlations between T2 relaxation values and any FT-IRIS parameter in the repair tissue. Together, the data demonstrate that MRI and FT-IRIS assessment of cartilage repair tissue provide molecular information that furthers understanding of the cartilage repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Musculoskeletal Imaging & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Li F. Foo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | | | - Steven Lyman
- Outcomes Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Hollis G. Potter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Musculoskeletal Imaging & Spectroscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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Wazen RM, Moffatt P, Zalzal SF, Yamada Y, Nanci A. A mouse model expressing a truncated form of ameloblastin exhibits dental and junctional epithelium defects. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:292-303. [PMID: 19375505 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastin (AMBN) is the second most abundant extracellular matrix protein produced by the epithelial cells called ameloblasts and is found mainly in forming dental enamel. Inactivation of its expression by gene knockout results in absence of the enamel layer and its replacement by a thin layer of dysplastic mineralized matrix. The objective of this study was to further characterize the enamel organ and mineralized matrix produced in the AMBN knockout mouse. However, in the course of our study, we unexpectedly found that this mouse is in fact a mutant that does not express the full-length protein but that produces a truncated form of AMBN. Mandibles from wild type and mutant mice were processed for morphological analyses and immunolabeling. Microdissected enamel organs and associated matrix were also prepared for molecular and biochemical analyses. In incisors from mutants, ameloblasts lost their polarized organization and the enamel organ detached from the tooth surface and became disorganized. A thin layer of dysplastic mineralized material was deposited onto dentin, and mineralized masses were present within the enamel organ. These mineralized materials generated lower backscattered electron contrast than normal enamel, and immunocytochemistry with colloidal gold revealed the presence of amelogenin, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin. In addition, the height of the alveolar bone was reduced, and the junctional epithelium lost its integrity. Immunochemical and RT-PCR results revealed that the altered enamel organ in the mutant mice produced a shorter AMBN protein that is translated from truncated RNA missing exons 5 and 6. These results indicate that absence of full-length protein and/or expression of an incomplete protein have direct/indirect effects beyond structuring of mineral during enamel formation, and highlight potential functional regions on the AMBN molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima M Wazen
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Oristian DS, Sloofman LG, Zhou X, Wang L, Farach-Carson MC, Kirn-Safran CB. Ribosomal protein L29/HIP deficiency delays osteogenesis and increases fragility of adult bone in mice. J Orthop Res 2009; 27:28-35. [PMID: 18661500 PMCID: PMC2644558 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking HIP/RPL29, a ribosomal modulator of protein synthesis rate, display a short stature phenotype. To understand the contribution of HIP/RPL29 to bone formation and adult whole bone mechanical properties, we examined both developing and adult bone in our knockout mice. Results indicated that bone shortening in HIP/RPL29-null mice is due to delayed entry of chondro-osteoprogenitors into the cell cycle. Structural properties of adult null bones were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. Interestingly, partial preservation of cortical thickness was observed in null males indicating a gender-specific effect of the genotype on cortical bone parameters. Null males, and to a lower extent null females, displayed increased bone material toughness to counteract decreased bone size. This elevation in a bone material property was associated with increased bone mineral density only in null males. Neither male nor female null animals could withstand the same maximum load as gender-matched controls in three-point bending tests, and smaller post-yield displacements (and thus increased bone brittleness) were found for null animals. These results suggest that HIP/RPL29-deficient mice exhibit increased bone fragility due to altered matrix protein synthesis rates as a consequence of ribosomal insufficiency. Thus, sub-efficient protein translation increased fracture risk in HIP/RPL29-null animals. Taken together, these studies provide strong genetic evidence that the ability to regulate and amplify protein synthesis rates, including those proteins that regulate the cell cycle entry during skeletal development, are important determinants for establishment of normal bone mass and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Oristian
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Laura G. Sloofman
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Xiaozhou Zhou
- University of Delaware, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Liyun Wang
- University of Delaware, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19716, University of Delaware, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Catherine B. Kirn-Safran
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19716,† author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Catherine Kirn-Safran,University of Delaware,Department of Biological Sciences, 310 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19716, Telephone: (302) 831-3249, Telefax: (302) 831-2281,
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Bouxsein ML. Technology insight: noninvasive assessment of bone strength in osteoporosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:310-8. [PMID: 18431371 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fractures that result from osteoporosis are an enormous and growing concern for public health systems; as the population ages, the number of fractures worldwide will double or triple in the next 50 years. The ability of a bone to resist fracture depends not only on the amount of bone present, but also on the spatial distribution of the bone mass, the cortical and trabecular microarchitecture, and the intrinsic properties of the materials that comprise the bone. Although low bone mineral density is one of the strongest risk factors for fracture, a number of clinical studies have demonstrated the limitations of using measurements of areal bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess fracture risk and to monitor responses to therapy. As a result, new, noninvasive imaging techniques that are capable of assessing various components of bone strength are being developed. These techniques include three-dimensional assessments of bone density, geometry and microarchitecture, as well as integrated measurements of bone strength by engineering analyses. Although they show strong potential, further development and validation of these techniques is needed to define their role in the clinical management of individuals with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Bouxsein
- Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Vanleene M, Rey C, Ho Ba Tho MC. Relationships between density and Young's modulus with microporosity and physico-chemical properties of Wistar rat cortical bone from growth to senescence. Med Eng Phys 2008; 30:1049-56. [PMID: 18406196 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess density and elastic properties of Wistar rat cortical bone from growth to senescence and to correlate them with morphological and physico-chemical properties of bone. During growth (from 1 to 9 months), bone density and Young's modulus were found to increase from 1659+/-85 to 2083+/-13 kg m(-3) and from 8+/-0.8 to 19.6+/-0.7 GPa respectively. Bone microporosity was found to decrease from 8.1+/-0.7% to 3.3+/-0.7%. Physico-chemical investigations exhibited a mineralization of bone matrix and a maturation of apatite crystals, as protein content decreased from 21.4+/-0.2% to 17.6+/-0.6% and apatite crystal size and carbonate content increased (c-axis length: from 151 to 173 A and CO(3)W%: from 4.1+/-0.3% to 6.1+/-0.2%). At adult age, all properties stabilized. During senescence, a slow decrease of mechanical properties was first observed (from 12 to 18 months, rho=2089+/-14 to 2042+/-30 kg m(-3) and E(3)=19.8 +/-1.3 to 14.8+/-1.5 GPa), followed by a stabilization. Physico-chemical properties stabilized while microporosity increased slightly (from 3.3% to 4%) but not significantly (p>0.05). A multiple regression analysis showed that morphological and physico-chemical properties had significant effects on density regression model. Microporosity had a greater effect on Young's modulus regression model than physico-chemical properties. This study showed that bone structure, mineralization and apatite maturation should be considered to improve the understanding of bone mechanical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanleene
- Laboratoire de Biomécanique et génie Biomédical, CNRS-UMR 6600, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, BP 20529, Compiègne cedex, France
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Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopy and microscopic imaging of bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0b013e3282b97133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Boskey A, Pleshko Camacho N. FT-IR imaging of native and tissue-engineered bone and cartilage. Biomaterials 2006; 28:2465-78. [PMID: 17175021 PMCID: PMC1892909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging and microspectroscopy have been extensively applied to the analyses of tissues in health and disease. Spatially resolved mid-IR data has provided insights into molecular changes that occur in diseases of connective or collagen-based tissues, including, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis and pathologic calcifications. These techniques have also been used to probe chemical changes associated with load, disuse, and micro-damage in bone, and with degradation and repair in cartilage. This review summarizes the applications of FT-IR microscopy and imaging for analyses of bone and cartilage in healthy and diseased tissues, and illustrates the application of these techniques for the characterization of tissue-engineered bone and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Boskey
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Medical College and Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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