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Gu W, Hou L, Bao Q, Xu Q, Chen G. Tibial Damage Caused by T-2 Toxin in Goslings: Bone Dysplasia, Poor Bone Quality, Hindered Chondrocyte Differentiation, and Imbalanced Bone Metabolism. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2281. [PMID: 39123807 PMCID: PMC11311038 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin, the most toxic type A trichothecene, is widely present in grain and animal feed, causing growth retardation and tissue damage in poultry. Geese are more sensitive to T-2 toxin than chickens and ducks. Although T-2 toxin has been reported to cause tibial growth plate (TGP) chondrodysplasia in chickens, tibial damage caused by T-2 toxin in geese has not been fully demonstrated. This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of T-2 toxin on tibial bone development, bone quality, chondrocyte differentiation, and bone metabolism. Here, forty-eight one-day-old male Yangzhou goslings were randomly divided into four groups and daily gavaged with T-2 toxin at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg body weight for 21 days, respectively. The development of gosling body weight and size was determined by weighing and taking body measurements after exposure to different concentrations of T-2 toxin. Changes in tibial development and bone characteristics were determined by radiographic examination, phenotypic measurements, and bone quality and composition analyses. Chondrocyte differentiation in TGP and bone metabolism was characterized by cell morphology, tissue gene-specific expression, and serum marker levels. Results showed that T-2 toxin treatment resulted in a lower weight, volume, length, middle width, and middle circumference of the tibia in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Moreover, decreased bone-breaking strength, bone mineral density, and contents of ash, Ca, and P in the tibia were observed in T-2 toxin-challenged goslings (p < 0.05). In addition, T-2 toxin not only reduced TGP height (p < 0.05) but also induced TGP chondrocytes to be disorganized with reduced numbers and indistinct borders. As expected, the apoptosis-related genes (CASP9 and CASP3) were significantly up-regulated in chondrocytes challenged by T-2 toxin with a dose dependence, while cell differentiation and maturation-related genes (BMP6, BMP7, SOX9, and RUNX2) were down-regulated (p < 0.05). Considering bone metabolism, T-2 toxin dose-dependently and significantly induced a decreased number of osteoblasts and an increased number of osteoclasts in the tibia, with inhibited patterns of osteogenesis-related genes and enzymes and increased patterns of osteoclast-related genes and enzymes (p < 0.05). Similarly, the serum Ca and P concentrations and parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels decreased under T-2 toxin exposure (p < 0.05). In summary, 2.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin significantly inhibited tibia weight, length, width, and circumference, as well as decreased bone-breaking strength, density, and composition (ash, calcium, and phosphorus) in 21-day-old goslings compared to the control and lower dose groups. Chondrocyte differentiation in TGP was delayed by 2.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin owing to cell apoptosis. In addition, 2.0 mg/kg T-2 toxin promoted bone resorption and inhibited osteogenesis in cellular morphology, gene expression, and hormonal modulation patterns. Thus, T-2 toxin significantly inhibited tibial growth and development with a dose dependence, accompanied by decreased bone geometry parameters and properties, hindered chondrocyte differentiation, and imbalanced bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (L.H.); (Q.B.)
| | - Lie Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (L.H.); (Q.B.)
- Animal Husbandry Extension Station, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Qiang Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (L.H.); (Q.B.)
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (L.H.); (Q.B.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (L.H.); (Q.B.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Nazeer N, Masood Z, Ben Said M, Khan T, Ullah A, Ali W, Swelum AA. Impacts of Some Trace Metals in Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tor soro (Valenciennes, 1842) on Human Health. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2843-2854. [PMID: 37725316 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Although fish are rich sources of various trace metals in their bodies, when these metals exceed health safety limits, it becomes a global concern. Fish exposed to trace metal pollution in their aquatic ecosystems can lead to bioaccumulation and transfer to consumers. Monitoring trace metal contamination of fish food is crucial because they can reach humans through the aquatic food chain, resulting in health problems. Therefore, a first attempt was made for the analysis of trace metals in two cyprinid fish species, namely Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) and Tor soro (Mahseer), which were abundantly found in Khanozai Dam and assessing their potential health impacts when consumed by humans. A total of 200 fish specimens were collected from this area. These specimens were divided equally between the two carp species, with 100 individuals from each species. The fish specimens were collected over 12 months, from June 2020 to May 2021 to determine the concentration of some trace metals, i.e. Manganese (Mn), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), and Zinc (Zn), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), and Chlorine (Cl) using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a multi-element hollow cathode lamp. The obtained results from the trace metal analysis of Cyprinus carpio and Tor soro in this study revealed that both calcium and phosphorus were present in higher concentrations. However, iron, manganese, and zinc were not detected in both species. Additionally, magnesium was also not detected in C. carpio. For Cyprinus carpio, the arrangement was Ca > P > K > Na > Cl, while for Tor soro, it was Ca > P > Na > K > Cl > Mg in decreasing order. The health risks associated with fish consumption were assessed using factors like estimated daily intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ). The THQ values for all analyzed trace metals in both carp species exceeded the maximum value of 1.0, except for Cl in Tor soro. This suggests the potential for various health-related diseases in regular consumers due to their elevated levels. In both species, the TTHQ factor also surpassed the standard value of 1.0, indicating an acute health risk for humans. Although EDI values did not surpass the recommended daily allowance (RDA), continuous consumption of these contaminated fish from this area could lead to severe health complications. Therefore, these results strongly indicated that the elevated levels of trace metals found in the highly abundant cyprinid species of Khanozai Dam could pose serious health-related issues for the local inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Nazeer
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Zubia Masood
- Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
| | - Tawseef Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ullah
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ali
- CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Khalid N. Impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis: A narrative review. Nutr Health 2024; 30:207-214. [PMID: 37697739 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231201890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Processed and semi-processed foods are getting popular in the diets of the Western population. The Western diet is almost coupled with consuming carbonated beverages, either alcoholic or nonalcoholic. The presence of sugar, caffeine, and alcohol in different carbonated beverages and detrimental dietary patterns are leading causes of obesity, diabetes, and periodontal diseases in the young population. Aims: This article aims to review the impact of carbonated beverages on early onset of osteoporosis. Methods: A nonsystematic literature review searches in PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases with predefined terms relating to carbonated beverages, caffeine intake, childhood obesity, osteoporosis, and bone softness. Results: Bone diseases significantly increase due to early exposure to caffeine and phosphoric acid in the pubertal period. Musculoskeletal growth is a dynamic and complex process, and bone mass achievement is of great importance in this process. According to the global burden of diseases, bone disorders consist of "6.8% of total disability-adjusted life-years." The consumption of soft drinks and their impact on bone accretion and bone mineral density in the young population is under research in the current literature on osteoporotic disorders. Since bone is a metabolically active tissue, it's in constant reconstruction mode. This process is regulated by genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and physical factors. Any imbalance in one of these processes might lead to mineral deposition and osteoporosis. Conclusion: Habitual intake of carbonated drinks with added sugars and caffeine is associated with increased body weight and bone fragility; stringent regulations are needed for proper education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Khalid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
- College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Wu C, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xu H, Li K. The relationship between dietary phosphorus and peripheral neuropathy in the general population of the United States: A preliminary research. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299566. [PMID: 38489279 PMCID: PMC10942028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary phosphorus intake may serve as a potential predictor for peripheral neuropathy (PN). While past research has predominantly focused on the relationship between dietary phosphorus and bone health, relatively little is known about its role in the nervous system, particularly its association with PN. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from NHANES 1999-2004. Participants were categorized into different dietary phosphorus intake groups, and the relationship between dietary phosphorus and PN was explored using multifactorial logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis, and threshold effect analysis based on dietary intake. RESULTS The final study included 7726 participants, with 1378 diagnosed with PN and 6348 without. The study revealed a U-shaped non-linear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake levels and PN, indicating that both excessive and insufficient dietary phosphorus intake may increase the risk of PN. Specifically, the incidence rates in the first quintile (1.433, 95% CI: 1.080-1.901), the fourth quintile (1.284, 95% CI: 1.000-1.648), and the fifth quintile (1.533, 95% CI: 1.155-2.035) significantly higher than the second quintile, with an overall trend showing a decrease followed by an increase in incidence rates. The results of RCS and threshold effect analysis indicate that when dietary phosphorus intake is below 939.44mg, the risk of PN decreases with increasing dietary phosphorus intake. On the contrary, when dietary phosphorus intake exceeds 939.44mg, the risk of PN increases with increasing dietary phosphorus intake. CONCLUSION This study reveals a U-shaped correlation between dietary phosphorus intake and PN. Future research should further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, providing guidance for more scientifically informed dietary adjustments to prevent the occurrence of PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wu
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan City Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan City Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huirong Xu
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kejian Li
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Li L, Zhang J, Deng Z, Su Z, Bai Y, He J. Determination of phosphate in food based on molybdenum yellow derivatization coupled with resonance Rayleigh scattering method. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:461-469. [PMID: 38236492 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposed a rapid, selective and sensitive molybdenum yellow derivatization coupled with Resonance Rayleigh scattering (MYD-RRS) method for detection of phosphate. Under the acidic condition, phosphate can be selectively transformed to Keggin type of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA, i.e., PMo12O403-) through molybdenum yellow derivatization reaction prior to RRS detection. The PMA can further react with cationic methyl violet (MV) to form larger PMA-MV ion association complexes, generating significant RRS signal. The concentration of phosphate was linearly related to the RRS signal in the range of 8-200 ng/mL, with the determining coefficient (R2) of 0.9973 and the detection limit of 4 ng/mL. The analytical procedure can be completed within 10 min and the RRS signal intensity can remain stable more than 4 h. The method showed good stability toward temperature and time, and good anti-interference capability. The method was applied to the determination of phosphate in real food samples with the recovery of 85-117% and RSD of 1-5.2%. With the advantages of rapidness, high sensitivity and good selectivity, the MYD-RRS method exhibits great potential to the determination of phosphate in food. It also provides an instructive strategy for detection of analytes with weak RRS signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Zhichen Deng
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 283 Jianghai Avenue, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
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Itkonen ST, Lamberg-Allardt C. Phosphorus - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10318. [PMID: 38187803 PMCID: PMC10770706 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aims to describe the totality of evidence for the role of phosphorus for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating dietary reference values (DRVs). Phosphorus is needed in many biological processes, such as cellular metabolism and bone mineralization. Dietary phosphorus intake exceeds the previous Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR2012) 2-3-fold in the Nordic countries. Intake from food additives is unknown but may play a significant role because the use of phosphate additives is common in the food industry. Bioavailability of phosphorus in plant-based products is lower than animal-based products. Nevertheless, bioavailability of phosphorus additives is higher. The main phosphorus-related health outcomes concern high phosphorus intake mainly from food additives with potential adverse effects on kidney, bone, and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T. Itkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Wu J, Ma X, Liao X, Song C, Li S, Zhang L, Lu L. Dietary calcium and nonphosphate phosphorus interaction influences tibiotarsus development and related gene expression of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102851. [PMID: 37356300 PMCID: PMC10404789 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary needs of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are interdependent, thus accurate evaluation of Ca and P requirements of broilers to support skeleton health and optimal growth is critical. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary Ca and nonphytate P (NPP) levels and their interactions on growth performance, tibiotarsus characteristics, tibiotarsus metabolism-related enzyme and proteins, and their gene expression of broilers, so as to provide a rational recommendation for Ca and NPP levels in diet. A total of 540 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 15 treatments with 6 replicate cages of 6 birds per cage for each treatment in a completely randomized design involving a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (5 levels of Ca × 3 levels of NPP). The birds were fed the corn-soybean meal diet containing 0.60%, 0.70%, 0.80%, 0.90%, or 1.00% Ca and 0.35%, 0.40%, or 0.45% NPP for 21 d. Dietary Ca level affected (P < 0.03) the bone mineral density, bone mineral content (BMC), breaking strength, ash percentage and ash Ca contents in tibia, which showed linear (P < 0.006) responses to dietary Ca levels. Dietary NPP level affected (P < 0.05) tibia BMC, ash percentage, and FGF23 mRNA level. Broilers that received 0.40% and 0.45% NPP had higher (P < 0.04) tibia BMC and ash percentage than those that received 0.35% NPP, but no differences (P > 0.05) were found between 0.40% and 0.45% NPP. Broilers that received 0.40% NPP had higher (P = 0.02) tibia FGF23 mRNA level than those that received 0.35% NPP, but no differences (P > 0.05) were detected between 0.40% and 0.45% NPP or 0.45% and 0.35% NPP. The interactions between dietary Ca and NPP affected (P < 0.05) ADG, ALP activity, bone gal protein, FGF23 contents, and the mRNA expression levels ALP and bone gal protein in tibia of broilers. Results from the present study indicate that dietary Ca and NPP interaction influences growth, tibiotarsus development, and related gene expression of broiler chickens. Considering all the criteria, the dietary levels of 0.90% Ca and 0.45% NPP would be optimal for both growth and tibiotarsus development of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xinyan Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunling Song
- Beijing TIPLANT Bio-Tech. Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Sufen Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Albert Aryee A, Gao C, Han R, Qu L. Synthesis of a novel magnetic biomass-MOF composite for the efficient removal of phosphates: Adsorption mechanism and characterization study. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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9
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Turner ME, Paynter AS, White CA, Mazzetti T, Ward EC, Norman PA, Munroe J, Adams MA, Holden RM. Sex Differences in Phosphate Homeostasis: Females Excrete More Phosphate and Calcium After an Oral Phosphate Challenge. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:909-919. [PMID: 36268820 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary consumption of phosphate is increasing, and elevated serum phosphate is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Sex differences in phosphate homeostasis and response to changes in dietary phosphate intake, which are not captured by clinically measured analytes, may contribute to differences in CVD presentation and bone disease. OBJECTIVE To assess sex differences in acute phosphate homeostasis in response to a single oral phosphate challenge. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS 78 participants (40-76 years) with measured glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and no clinically diagnosed CVD and 14 young healthy adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To elucidate subtle alterations in phosphate homeostasis, we employ an acute challenge whereby the hormonal response, circulating mineral levels, and urinary excretion are assessed following an oral challenge of phosphate. RESULTS Although both males and females had similar changes in circulating phosphate, calcium, and parathyroid hormone in response to the challenge, females excreted ∼1.9x more phosphate and ∼2.7x more calcium than males, despite not consuming calcium. These sex differences were recapitulated in healthy young adults. This excretion response did not correlate to age, serum phosphate, or estradiol levels. The females with greater excretion of phosphate had higher levels of bone resorption markers compared to formation markers. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data identify sex differences in acute phosphate homeostasis, specifically that females may mobilize and excrete endogenous sources of calcium and phosphate in response to oral phosphate compared to males. While high levels of dietary phosphate negatively impact bone, our results suggest that females may incur more risk from these diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E Turner
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Amanda S Paynter
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Christine A White
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tom Mazzetti
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Emilie C Ward
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick A Norman
- KGH Research Institute, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L2V7, Canada
| | - Jenny Munroe
- Clinical Nutrition, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Michael A Adams
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Rachel M Holden
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Tallman DA, Khor BH, Karupaiah T, Khosla P, Chan M, Kopple JD. Nutritional Adequacy of Essential Nutrients in Low Protein Animal-Based and Plant-Based Diets in the United States for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:249-260. [PMID: 36460269 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The nutritional adequacy of both animal-based and plant-based low protein diets (LPDs) and moderate protein diets that are recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease have not been well examined. We therefore analyzed the nutrient content of three representative LPDs and moderate protein diets (lacto-ovo vegetarian, omnivorous, and vegan) containing foods that are likely to be prescribed for nondialyzed chronic kidney disease or chronic dialysis patients in the United States to determine the nutritional adequacy at different levels of protein intake. METHODS Theoretical 3-day menus were developed as per current renal dietary guidelines to model each diet at 7 different levels of protein intake (0.5-1.2 g/kilograms body weight/day [g/kg/d]). The diets were analyzed for their content of essential amino acids (EAAs) and other essential nutrients. RESULTS At an a priori recognized inadequate dietary protein level of 0.5 g/kg/d, all 3 diets failed to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for the following EAAs: histidine, leucine, lysine, and threonine. The omnivorous LPD met both the RDA and Estimated Average Requirement at levels of 0.6 g protein/kg/d or more. The lacto-ovo and vegan diets at 0.6 and 0.8 g protein/kg/d, respectively, were below the RDA for lysine. The amounts of several other vitamins and minerals were not uncommonly reduced below the RDA or Adequate Intake with all 3 LPDs. CONCLUSION In comparison to omnivorous LPDs, both vegan and lacto-ovo LPDs are more likely to be deficient in several EAAs and other essential nutrients. To provide sufficient amounts of all EAA, vegan and lacto-ovo LPDs must be carefully planned to include adequate amounts of appropriate dietary sources. Supplements of some other essential nutrients may be necessary with all three LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Tallman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ban-Hock Khor
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tilakavati Karupaiah
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Taylors University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Pramod Khosla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Maria Chan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The St. George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia
| | - Joel D Kopple
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and the Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.
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11
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Schaffer S, Rimbach G, Pieper D, Hommen N, Fischer A, Birringer M, Seidel U. Minerals and Trace Elements in 990 Beverages and Their Contribution to Dietary Reference Values for German Consumers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224899. [PMID: 36432585 PMCID: PMC9697264 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beverages are an integral part of human nutrition, yet little is known about their contribution to daily intakes of minerals and trace elements in German consumers. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, we determined the concentration of five minerals and six trace elements in beverage samples (n = 990, assigned to different beverage groups) collected throughout Germany. For a calculation of their relative contribution to the mineral supply, available beverage consumption data was combined with our quantitative analysis to calculate the average contribution of beverage groups to meet the respective dietary reference values currently used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (D-A-CH region). Based on their presence in beverages and their consumption, the top three minerals are phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, and they, therefore, may reasonably contribute to the reference values. Among the trace elements, beverages mostly contributed to the manganese supply, whereas at the same time, concentrations of iron, cobalt and copper were low across all tested groups. Our study provides an overview of the assumed mineral and trace element intake via beverages in Germany and may, thus, serve as a foundation for a mineral and trace element database of beverages that needs to be expanded in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schaffer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - David Pieper
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Niklas Hommen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexandra Fischer
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, 36037 Fulda, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seidel
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-880-5334
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12
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Anju T, Prabhakar P, Sreedharan S, Kumar A. Nutritional, antioxidant and dietary potential of some traditional leafy vegetables used in ethnic culinary preparations. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Wang D, Wang H. Cellular Senescence in Bone. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest process induced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. An accumulation of senescent cells in bone results in age-related disorders, and one of the common problems is osteoporosis. Deciphering the basic mechanisms contributing to the chronic ailments of aging may uncover new avenues for targeted treatment. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the most relevant research advancements in skeletal cellular senescence. To identify new options for the treatment or prevention of age-related chronic diseases, researchers have targeted hallmarks of aging, including telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations. First, this chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of bone tissue, the causes of skeletal involution, and the role of cellular senescence in bone and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Next, this review will discuss the utilization of pharmacological interventions in aging tissues and, more specifically, highlight the role of senescent cells to identify the most effective and safe strategies.
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14
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Rubio-Aliaga I, Krapf R. Phosphate intake, hyperphosphatemia, and kidney function. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:935-947. [PMID: 35511366 PMCID: PMC9338892 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate is essential in living organisms and its blood levels are regulated by a complex network involving the kidneys, intestine, parathyroid glands, and the skeleton. The crosstalk between these organs is executed primarily by three hormones, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Largely due to a higher intake of ultraprocessed foods, dietary phosphate intake has increased in the last decades. The average intake is now about twice the recommended dietary allowance. Studies investigating the side effect of chronic high dietary phosphate intake suffer from incomplete dietary phosphate assessment and, therefore, often make data interpretation difficult. Renal excretion is quickly adapted to acute and chronic phosphate intake. However, at the high ends of dietary intake, renal adaptation, even in pre-existing normal kidney function, apparently is not perfect. Experimental intervention studies suggest that chronic excess of dietary phosphate can result in sustained higher blood phosphate leading to hyperphosphatemia. Evidence exists that the price of the homeostatic response (phosphaturia in response to phosphate loading/hyperphosphatemia) is an increased risk for declining kidney function, partly due by intraluminal/tubular calcium phosphate particles that provoke renal inflammation. High dietary phosphate intake and hyperphosphatemia are progression factors for declining kidney function and are associated with higher cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. This is best established for pre-existing chronic kidney disease, but epidemiological and experimental data strongly suggest that this holds true for subjects with normal renal function as well. Here, we review the latest advances in phosphate intake and kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rubio-Aliaga
- Institute of Physiology, National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Reto Krapf
- Synlab Suisse, 6002, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Parkinson’s Disease Etiology: Insights and Associations with Phosphate Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158060. [PMID: 35897635 PMCID: PMC9331560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper investigated the association of Parkinson’s disease etiology with phosphate toxicity, a pathophysiological condition in which dysregulated phosphate metabolism causes excessive inorganic phosphate sequestration in body tissue that damages organ systems. Excessive phosphate is proposed to reduce Complex I function of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in Parkinson’s disease and is linked to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species, inflammation, DNA damage, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ATP depletion causing cell death. Parkinson’s disease is associated with α-synuclein and Lewy body dementia, a secondary tauopathy related to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, and tauopathy is among several pathophysiological pathways shared between Parkinson’s disease and diabetes. Excessive phosphate is also associated with ectopic calcification, bone mineral disorders, and low levels of serum vitamin D in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Sarcopenia and cancer in Parkinson’s disease patients are also associated with phosphate toxicity. Additionally, Parkinson’s disease benefits are related to low dietary phosphate intake. More studies are needed to investigate the potential mediating role of phosphate toxicity in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease.
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16
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Richter B, Kapanadze T, Weingärtner N, Walter S, Vogt I, Grund A, Schmitz J, Bräsen JH, Limbourg FP, Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M. High phosphate-induced progressive proximal tubular injury is associated with the activation of Stat3/Kim-1 signaling pathway and macrophage recruitment. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22407. [PMID: 35713543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200167rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary phosphate intake in the Western population greatly exceeds the recommended dietary allowance and is linked to enhanced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. It is unclear whether a chronic high phosphate diet (HPD) causes kidney injury in healthy individuals. Here, we show that feeding a 2% HPD in C57BL/6N mice for one up to six months resulted in hyperphosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, increased plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared to mice on a 0.8% phosphate diet. Kidney injury was already noted after two months of HPD characterized by loss of proximal tubular (PT) cell polarity, flattened epithelia, disruption of brush border membranes, vacuolization, increased PT cell proliferation, marked interstitial mononuclear infiltration, and progressive accumulation of collagen fibers. HPD increased Stat3 activation and Kim-1 expression in PT epithelial cells and enhanced renal synthesis of chemokines recruiting monocytes and macrophages as well as macrophage related factors. Enhanced recruitment of F4/80+ macrophages around injured PT lesions was timely associated with increased Kim-1 synthesis, tubular MCP-1 expression, and degree of PT injury score. Likewise, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was associated with activation of Stat3/Kim-1 signaling pathway. The stimulation of human proximal tubular cells with high phosphate activated Stat3 signaling and induced HAVCR1 and CCL2 expression. We conclude that high phosphate results in progressive proximal tubular injury, indicating that high dietary phosphate intake may affect kidney health and therefore represents an underestimated health problem for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Richter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamar Kapanadze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Weingärtner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Walter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Vogt
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Grund
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Rubio-Gutierrez JC, Mendez-Hernández P, Guéguen Y, Galichon P, Tamayo-Ortiz M, Haupt K, Medeiros M, Barbier OC. Overview of Traditional and Environmental Factors Related to Bone Health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31042-31058. [PMID: 35122651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone mass in adulthood depends on growth and mineralization acquired during childhood and adolescence. It is well known that these stages of life are crucial for bone development, where genetic, nutritional, hormonal, and lifestyle factors play a significant role. Bone loss is normally a natural and slow process that begins years later after the peak bone mass is achieved and continues throughout the lifespan. Lifestyle choices in childhood and adolescence such as minimal physical activity, excessive caffeine or carbonated beverages intake, malnutrition, cigarette use, or high alcohol consumption and other factors like environmental pollutants can also negatively affect bone health and accelerate the bone loss process. The aim of this work is an overview of risk factors associated with inadequate bone health in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Rubio-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Pablo Mendez-Hernández
- Departamento de Calidad Y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection Et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
- Transplantation and Nephrology Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Salud en El Trabajo, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, CDMX, México
| | - Karsten Haupt
- CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Rue Roger Couttolenc, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Mara Medeiros
- Unidad de Investigación Y Diagnóstico en Nefrología Y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Olivier Christophe Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación Y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México, CDMX, México.
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18
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Lv L, Ye D, Chen J, Qian Y, Fu AN, Song J, Yang H, Liu B, Sun X, Du L, Mao Y. Circulating phosphorus concentration and risk of prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:534-543. [PMID: 34617559 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent observational studies have suggested that circulating phosphorus concentrations are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer. However, little is known about the causal direction of the association. OBJECTIVES To explore the potential causal relation between circulating phosphorus and risk of prostate cancer, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Summary statistics of prostate cancer were obtained from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) consisting of 79,148 cases and 61,106 controls. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum phosphorus concentration were selected from a GWAS of 291,408 individuals from the UK Biobank. MR analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented with simple median method, weighted median method, maximum likelihood-based method, MR-Egger regression, and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test. We also performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the associations of dietary phosphorus intake and serum phosphorus concentration with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS In the MR analysis, a total of 125 independent SNPs associated with serum phosphorus concentrations were used as instrumental variables. Genetically predicted serum phosphorus concentrations were associated with a 19% increased risk of prostate cancer (95% CI: 9%, 31%) per 1-SD increment of serum phosphorus by IVW (P = 1.82 × 10-4). Sensitivity analyses using alternative MR methods produced similar positive associations, and no evidence of pleiotropy was detected by MR-Egger regression (P = 0.422). For meta-analysis, 8 studies for dietary phosphorus intake and 4 for serum phosphorus concentrations were included involving a total of 669,080 participants. Consistently, high dietary phosphorus intake and serum phosphorus concentrations were associated with an 8% (95% CI: 4%, 12%) and 7% (95% CI: 1%, 14%) increase in prostate cancer risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested a potential causal relation between circulating phosphorus and risk of prostate cancer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of phosphorus in the development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshuoshuo Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Alan Nuo Fu
- Department of Pharmacovigilance Epidemiology, Amgen, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingbin Du
- Zhejiang Cancer Center, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030523. [PMID: 35276879 PMCID: PMC8839902 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is considered an age-related disorder of the skeletal system, characterized primarily by decreased bone mineral density (BMD), microstructural quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures. This silent disease is increasingly becoming a global epidemic due to an aging population and longer life expectancy. It is known that nutrition and physical activity play an important role in skeletal health, both in achieving the highest BMD and in maintaining bone health. In this review, the role of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), micronutrients (minerals—calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, as well as vitamins—D, C, K) and flavonoid polyphenols (quercetin, rutin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringin) which appear to be essential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, are characterized. Moreover, the importance of various naturally available nutrients, whether in the diet or in food supplements, is emphasized. In addition to pharmacotherapy, the basis of osteoporosis prevention is a healthy diet rich mainly in fruits, vegetables, seafood and fish oil supplements, specific dairy products, containing a sufficient amount of all aforementioned nutritional substances along with regular physical activity. The effect of diet alone in this context may depend on an individual’s genotype, gene-diet interactions or the composition and function of the gut microbiota.
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20
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Volk C, Schmidt B, Brandsch C, Kurze T, Schlegelmilch U, Grosse I, Ulrich C, Girndt M, Stangl GI. Acute Effects of an Inorganic Phosphorus Additive on Mineral Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e852-e864. [PMID: 34448875 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hyperphosphatemia and high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney diseases. However, the impact of an inorganic phosphorus additive in healthy people is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the acute effect of excessive dietary phosphorus administered as sodium dihydrogen phosphate on the postprandial levels of Pi and FGF23 and the response to food. METHODS This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with 29 healthy male and female participants from the general community who were administered a single dose of either 700 mg phosphorus (NaH2PO4) or a sodium-adjusted placebo in combination with a test meal. Postprandial plasma levels of Pi and FGF23 were measured. RESULTS Compared with placebo, oral phosphorus increased the plasma Pi level, which remained elevated during the ensuing 8 hours (at 480 minutes: 1.31 vs 1.16 mmol/l; P < 0.001), increased urinary Pi (iAUC0-480 789 vs 95 mmol/mmol; P < 0.001), reduced tubular Pi reabsorption (iAUC0-480 -31.5 vs -6.2; P < 0.001), decreased urinary calcium (iAUC0-240 30.6 vs 53.0 mmol/mmol; P = 0.009), and stimulated the release of parathyroid hormone (iAUC0-480 2212 vs 768 ng/l; P < 0.001). However, the FGF23 levels did not change. Postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids were not substantially affected by phosphorus vs placebo. CONCLUSION An oral phosphorus load can induce elevated postprandial levels of circulating Pi for hours in healthy subjects, despite rapid homeostatic counterreactions. FGF23 levels and the postprandial response to food were not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Volk
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmidt
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tabea Kurze
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ulf Schlegelmilch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Competence Cluster of Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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21
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Sassine YN, Shuleva N, El Sebaaly Z. Changes in <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> nutritional value and heavy metal profile as a result of supplementation with nano-additive. STUDIES IN FUNGI 2022. [DOI: 10.48130/sif-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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22
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Jekl V, Brinek A, Zikmund T, Jeklova E, Kaiser J. Use of Micro-CT Imaging to Assess Ventral Mandibular Cortical Thickness and Volume in an Experimental Rodent Model With Chronic High-Phosphorus Intake. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:759093. [PMID: 34957278 PMCID: PMC8695870 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.759093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse effects of high dietary phosphorus on bone health have been observed in both animal and human studies. The aim of the investigation was to examine chronic effects of high phosphorus diet on the apical mandibular cortical thickness and volume in a hystricomorph rodent (Octodon degus) using microcomputed tomography. Male degus were randomly divided into two groups fed by different mineral contents from the age of 12 weeks till the age of 17 months. The micro-CT scanning and wall thickness analysis were applied on the region of the mandible exactly under the apices of the 4th premolar tooth, first molar tooth, and second molar tooth in two animals from each group. General overview and mapping of the ventral mandibular bone thickness revealed pronounced bony mandibular protrusions in all the animals fed a high-phosphorus diet with obvious bone thinning apically to the 4th premolar and first and second molar tooth apices. Mandibular bone volume and thickness located apically to the premolar and molars were statistically significantly smaller/thinner in the group fed by a high phosphorus diet. The thinnest bone measured 0.004 mm, where the mandibular 4th premolar tooth almost perforated the mandibular cortex. Similar studies of metabolic bone disease and its influence on alveolar bone were also published in rats and mice. The influence of different environmental, infectious, or metabolic factors on the growing tooth, alveolar bone formation, and bone pathologies must be done experimentally on growing animals. In contrast, degus have continuously growing dentition, and the effect of any of the above listed factors can be studied in this animal model at any age and for longer time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jekl
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Brno, Czechia.,Jekl & Hauptman Veterinary Clinic, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adam Brinek
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Edita Jeklova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Brno, Czechia
| | - Josef Kaiser
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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23
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Rondanelli M, Faliva MA, Barrile GC, Cavioni A, Mansueto F, Mazzola G, Oberto L, Patelli Z, Pirola M, Tartara A, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Peroni G. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Dietary Supplementation to Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss: A Food Pyramid. Nutrients 2021; 14:74. [PMID: 35010952 PMCID: PMC8746518 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a nutritionally modulated tissue. Given this background, aim of this review is to evaluate the latest data regarding ideal dietary approach in order to reduce bone mineral density loss and to construct a food pyramid that allows osteopenia/osteoporosis patients to easily figure out what to eat. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions of whole grains), together with fruits and vegetables (5 portions; orange-colored fruits and vegetables and green leafy vegetables are to be preferred), light yogurt (125 mL), skim milk (200 mL,) extra virgin olive oil (almost 20 mg/day), and calcium water (almost 1 l/day); weekly portions should include fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), legumes (2 portions), eggs (2 portions), cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once/week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: one green means that osteopenia/osteoporosis subjects need some personalized supplementation (if daily requirements cannot be satisfied through diet, calcium, vitamin D, boron, omega 3, and isoflavones supplementation could be an effective strategy with a great benefit/cost ratio), and one red means that there are some foods that are banned (salt, sugar, inorganic phosphate additives). Finally, three to four times per week of 30-40 min of aerobic and resistance exercises must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Anna Faliva
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Gaetan Claude Barrile
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alessandro Cavioni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesca Mansueto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Letizia Oberto
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Zaira Patelli
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Martina Pirola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Alice Tartara
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy; (A.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.A.F.); (G.C.B.); (A.C.); (F.M.); (G.M.); (L.O.); (Z.P.); (M.P.); (A.T.)
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Dwaib HS, Ajouz G, AlZaim I, Rafeh R, Mroueh A, Mougharbil N, Ragi ME, Refaat M, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigates Perivascular Adipose Inflammation-Induced Cardiovascular Consequences in Early Metabolic Impairment. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023227. [PMID: 34873915 PMCID: PMC9075232 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The complexity of the interaction between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular complications has long been recognized to extend beyond simple perturbations of blood glucose levels. Yet, structured interventions targeting the root pathologies are not forthcoming. Growing evidence implicates the inflammatory changes occurring in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as early instigators of cardiovascular deterioration. Methods and Results We used a nonobese prediabetic rat model with localized PVAT inflammation induced by hypercaloric diet feeding, which dilutes inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to energy ratio by 50%, to investigate whether Pi supplementation ameliorates the early metabolic impairment. A 12‐week Pi supplementation at concentrations equivalent to and twice as much as that in the control diet was performed. The localized PVAT inflammation was reversed in a dose‐dependent manner. The increased expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein1), HIF‐1α (hypoxia inducible factor‐1α), and IL‐1β (interleukin‐1β), representing the hallmark of PVAT inflammation in this rat model, were reversed, with normalization of PVAT macrophage polarization. Pi supplementation restored the metabolic efficiency consistent with its putative role as an UCP1 inhibitor. Alongside, parasympathetic autonomic and cerebrovascular dysfunction function observed in the prediabetic model was reversed, together with the mitigation of multiple molecular and histological cardiovascular damage markers. Significantly, a Pi‐deficient control diet neither induced PVAT inflammation nor cardiovascular dysfunction, whereas Pi reinstatement in the diet after a 10‐week exposure to a hypercaloric low‐Pi diet ameliorated the dysfunction. Conclusions Our present results propose Pi supplementation as a simple intervention to reverse PVAT inflammation and its early cardiovascular consequences, possibly through the interference with hypercaloric‐induced increase in UCP1 expression/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ghina Ajouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Rim Rafeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ali Mroueh
- INSERM UMR 1260 Regenerative Nanomedicine FMTSUniversity of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Nahed Mougharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marie-Elizabeth Ragi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marwan Refaat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine The American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Alamein International University Alamein Egypt
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25
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Jermwongruttanachai P, Pathaveerat S, Noypitak S. Effect of temperature on thermal denaturation of skimmed coconut milk to produce a new product, coconut water. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phiraiwan Jermwongruttanachai
- Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaengsaen Kasetsart University Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Siwalak Pathaveerat
- Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaengsaen Kasetsart University Nakhon Pathom Thailand
| | - Sirinad Noypitak
- Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaengsaen Kasetsart University Nakhon Pathom Thailand
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26
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López-Bueno M, Fernández-Aparicio Á, González-Jiménez E, Montero-Alonso MÁ, Schmidt-RioValle J. Self-Care by Muslim Women during Ramadan Fasting to Protect Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312393. [PMID: 34886119 PMCID: PMC8657156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The practice of Ramadan involves a series of changes in lifestyle, mainly in eating habits. The research aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight-obesity, the degree of compliance with dietary recommendations and the effects of religious fasting on cardiovascular health among a population of Muslim women living in Melilla, a Spanish city in North Africa. A follow-up cohort study was conducted on 62 healthy adult women (33.6 ± 12.7 years). Anthropometric and body composition parameters were obtained using bioimpedance and dietary records. All of the participants were overweight or obese, especially due to the non-compliance with dietary recommendations; however, more than 60% considered their weight was appropriate or even low. By the end of Ramadan, the women's body mass index and fat component values had fallen significantly (p < 0.001), but this loss was later recovered. Dietary records revealed an excessive consumption of lipids and sodium, and the presence of a high waist-to-hip ratio. All of these factors are related to cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, promoting nutritional health and encouraging year-round self-care among adult Muslim women is necessary in order to ensure healthy fasting during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Bueno
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 52071 Melilla, Spain;
| | - Ángel Fernández-Aparicio
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.F.-A.); (J.S.-R.)
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.F.-A.); (J.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-496
| | - Miguel Ángel Montero-Alonso
- Department of Statistics, O.I. Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.F.-A.); (J.S.-R.)
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27
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Abou Fayssal S, El Sebaaly Z, Alsanad MA, Najjar R, Böhme M, Yordanova MH, Sassine YN. Combined effect of olive pruning residues and spent coffee grounds on Pleurotus ostreatus production, composition, and nutritional value. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255794. [PMID: 34559813 PMCID: PMC8462683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
No previous study assessed the combined effect of olive pruning residues (OLPR) and spent coffee grounds (SCG) on P. ostreatus production and nutritional value. The aim of this study was to determine the capacity of P. ostreatus to degrade lignocellulosic nature of combined OLPR and SCG as well as their resultant nutrient composition. A complete randomized design was adopted with five treatments: S1:100%wheat straw (WS) (control), S2:33%WS+33%SCG+33%OLPR,S3:66%WS+17%SCG+17%OLPR,S4:17%WS+66%SCG+17%OLPR, and S5:17%WS+17%SCG+66%OLPR, and ten replicates per treatment. Substrate's and mushroom's composition were analyzed on chemical scale, including fatty acids and heavy metals profiles, following international standards. Only S1, S2, and S3 were productive, with comparable biological yield, economical yield, and biological efficiency. Organic matter loss decreased with increasing proportions of OLPR and SCG. Percentage lignin loss was higher in S1 than in S2 and S3 (53.51, 26.25, and 46.15% respectively). Mushrooms of S3 had some enhanced nutritional attributes compared to control: decrease in fat, increase in protein, increase in monounsaturated fatty acids, and lower zinc accumulation. Lead was less accumulated in S2 than S1 mushrooms. Sodium content of mushroom decreased in S2 and S3. The latter substrates yielded mushrooms with lower polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and higher saturated fatty acids (SFA) contents. All mushrooms had a valuable PUFA/SFA. This study suggests using OLPR and SCG in low proportions as nutritional supplements to the commercial wheat straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina El Sebaaly
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed A. Alsanad
- Department of Environment and Agricultural Natural Resources, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rita Najjar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences IV, Lebanese University, Zahle, Lebanon
| | - Michael Böhme
- Horticulture Department, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milena H. Yordanova
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Youssef N. Sassine
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Designing Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles with the Co-Precipitation Technique to Improve Phosphorous Availability in Broiler Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102773. [PMID: 34679795 PMCID: PMC8532966 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in phosphate prices has inflated the cost for poultry feeding. Dicalcium phosphate is an essential mineral involved in the metabolism and development and is commonly used as a dietary source of phosphorus (PT) for poultry. The use of nanoparticles of dicalcium phosphate (NDP) could increase the bioavailability of PT in the diet. The sizes of the nanoparticles formed were 20 and 80 nm. NDP had the Ca:P ratio 1:1.12. The digestibility of PT in birds improved by 67% in the treatment with 0.35% available P (Pa) of NDP. The highest contents of PT -breast were found with the levels of 0.35 and 0.46% Pa of NDP. In conclusion, the use of NDP as an ingredient for broilers was efficient with a Pa dose at 0.35%. This dose was ideal in chicks for digestibility and absorption values. Additionally, results showed an improvement in the amount of PT in breast. Abstract Dicalcium phosphate (DP) is a mineral involved in the metabolism and development and is used as a dietary source of phosphorus (PT) for poultry. Our study objective is to design nano-dicalcium phosphate (NDP) by co-precipitation. The methodological procedure was divided into two phases: (1) NDP synthesis, and (2) bird performance, digestibility, and Ca-P in chick’s tissues. The sizes of the NDP were 20–80 nm. NDP had the Ca: P ratio of 1:1.12. The birds were divided into control diet (available P (Pa) = 0.13%) and three supplementary P sources [Commercial (Calcium phosphate), analytical grade (DP) and nanoparticles (NDP)] with three Pa levels (0.24, 0.35, 0.46%). Supplementary P sources compared to the control treatment had the highest body weight gain (698.56 vs. 228; p < 0.05) and feed intake (FI) (965.18 vs. 345.82), respectively. The digestibility of PT (67%) improved with 0.35% NDP. The highest contents of PT -breast were with the levels of 0.35 and 0.46% NDP. The PT, ash, and diameters were higher (p < 0.05) with supplementary P compared to the control treatment. As conclusion, the use of 0.35% NDP was the ideal dose in the chicks for the digestibility, absorption values, and the amount of PT in the breast.
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Tuominen M, Karp HJ, Itkonen ST. Phosphorus-Containing Food Additives in the Food Supply-An Audit of Products on Supermarket Shelves. J Ren Nutr 2021; 32:30-38. [PMID: 34531113 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phosphorus (P)-containing food additives pose a risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of P-containing additives in the Finnish food supply across different food categories to evaluate their burden in CKD, reflecting the situation in Europe. METHODS The dataset of 6,176 products was obtained in June-August 2019 from the foodie.fi website, which contains all foodstuffs sold in the grocery stores of the S Group (46% of the Finnish market share in 2019). The food category, full product name, type of P additive (inorganic, organic, and natural P-containing), and reporting methods (name or E number) of P additives were recorded. Duplicates and products lacking ingredient information were excluded. RESULTS The prevalence of P additives was 36% in the final sample (n = 5,149). Among food categories, the prevalence varied from 4% in dairy-based snacks to 67% in meat products. Altogether 17 different P additives were observed. Inorganic P additives were the most common P additive type, present in 20% of foodstuffs. Natural P-containing additives were observed in 19% and organic P additives in 2% of foodstuffs. The most commonly used P additives were lecithin (E 322), pyrophosphate (E 450), and triphosphate (E 451). E number was used as a reporting method in 49% of foodstuffs, and full name in 44% of foodstuffs. Reporting by E number was particularly common in the products containing inorganic P. CONCLUSIONS The use of P additives is common in the Finnish food supply, indicating the situation in Europe. The high prevalence of inorganic, that is, the most absorbable and potentially most harmful P additives in particular food groups, and their usual reporting only by E numbers can create challenges in CKD dietary counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minttu Tuominen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini J Karp
- Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland
| | - Suvi T Itkonen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Duan J, Zhang J, Yang H, Liu Q, Xie M, Zhang M, Chu Y, Zhou P, Yu S, Chen C, Wang M. Mineral deposition intervention through reduction of phosphorus intake suppresses osteoarthritic lesions in temporomandibular joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1370-1381. [PMID: 34126199 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the suppressing impact of low phosphorus intake on osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint and the possible mechanisms of nuclear acid injury in the insulted chondrocytes. DESIGN Chondrocytes were loaded with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) with or without low phosphorus medium. Seventy-two mice (sampled at 3-, 7- and 11-wk, n = 6) and forty-eight rats (sampled at 12-wks for different testing purpose, n = 6) were applied with unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) with or without low phosphorus diet. In the FFSS model, the Ca and P content, molecules related to nucleic acid degradation and the mineral-producing responses in chondrocytes were detected. The effect of culture dish stiffness on chondrocytes osteogenic differentiation was measured. In the UAC model, the content of Ca and P in serum were tested. The condylar cartilage ossification and stiffness were detected using micro-CT, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. RESULTS FFSS induced nucleic acid degradation, Pi accumulation and mineral-producing responses in the cultured chondrocytes, all were alleviated by low P medium. Stiffer dish bottoms promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the cultured chondrocytes. UAC stimulated cartilage degeneration and chondrocytes nucleic acid damage, increased PARP 1 and serum P content, and enhanced ossification and stiffening of the cartilage, all were suppressed by low phosphorus diet (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nucleic acid damage takes a role in phosphorus production in osteoarthritic cartilage, contributing to the enhanced mineralization and stiffness of the cartilage that in turn promotes cartilage degradation, which can be alleviated by low phosphorus intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Y Chu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, No. 72, Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - S Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Rizzoli R, Biver E, Brennan-Speranza TC. Nutritional intake and bone health. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:606-621. [PMID: 34242583 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic or fragility fractures affect one in two women and one in five men who are older than 50. These events are associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality, and an impaired quality of life. Recommended general measures for fragility fracture prevention include a balanced diet with an optimal protein and calcium intake and vitamin D sufficiency, together with regular weight-bearing physical exercise. In this narrative Review, we discuss the role of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns in maintaining bone health. Much of this information comes from observational studies. Bone mineral density, microstructure-estimated bone strength, and trabecular and cortical microstructure are positively associated with total protein intake. Several studies indicate that fracture risk might be lower with a higher dietary protein intake, provided that the calcium supply is sufficient. Dairy products are a valuable source of these two nutrients. Hip fracture risk appears to be lower in consumers of dairy products, particularly fermented dairy products. Consuming less than five servings per day of fruit and vegetables is associated with a higher hip fracture risk. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet or to a prudent diet is associated with a lower fracture risk. These various nutrients and dietary patterns influence gut microbiota composition or function, or both. The conclusions of this Review emphasise the importance of a balanced diet including minerals, protein, and fruit and vegetables for bone health and in the prevention of fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Biver
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- School of Medical Sciences and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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A New Disease Concept in the Age of Processed Foods-Phosphorus-Burden Disease; including CKD-MBD Concrete Analysis and the Way to Solution. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082874. [PMID: 34445034 PMCID: PMC8399778 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) established the order of correction of P, corrected Ca (cCa), and whole PTH (w-PTH) in the treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Metabolic Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) as P-first. However, there is no report that analyzes whether this rule is in line with reality and what the adequate rate of P is. Therefore, we analyzed the test values of our 48 patients during the year of 2019 and examined the validity of the results. The results showed that the adequate range rates were 70.8% for P, 100% for cCa, and 89.6% for w-PTH. This result is better than the JSDT Web-based Analysis of Dialysis Data Archives (WADDA) P adequacy rate of 66.2%. Although the guideline is P-first, it is often the case that we cannot reach the adequate level; therefore, healthcare professionals and patients often blame each other. We believe that this is due to the mismatch between the modern era of processed foods covered with P additives and treatment methods (P intake restriction and P-binders). The development of processed foods with P additives has brought light and darkness to mankind. The light side is freedom from starvation, and the dark side is a new condition caused by P burden: P burden disease including CKD-MBD.
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Comparison of yield, chemical composition and farinograph properties of common and ancient wheat grains. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe chemical composition of 4 spring wheat species was analyzed: einkorn (Triticum monococcum) (local cv.), emmer (Triticum dicoccon) (Lamella cv.), spelt (Triticum spelta) (Wirtas cv.), and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Rospuda cv.). Mean emmer and einkorn yield was significantly lower than that of common wheat. The analyses of the wheat grain included the content of total protein, crude ash, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The grains of the tested ancient wheats were richer in protein, lipids, crude fibre, and crude ash than the common wheat grains. The significantly highest levels of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash were found in einkorn. As the protein concentration in the grain increased, the calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels increased, and the zinc and manganese levels decreased. Genotypic differences between the studied wheats were reflected in the concentrations of the minerals and nutrients, an observation which can be useful in further cross-linkage studies. Dough made from common wheat and spelt flour showed better performance quality classifying it to be used for bread production. In turn, flour from emmer and einkorn wheat may be intended for pastry products, due to short dough development time and constancy as well as high softening.
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Fusaro M, Holden R, Lok C, Iervasi G, Plebani M, Aghi A, Gallieni M, Cozzolino M. Phosphate and bone fracture risk in chronic kidney disease patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:405-412. [PMID: 31620773 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), phosphate homoeostasis plays a central role in the development of mineral and bone disorder (MBD) together with decreased serum calcium and elevated serum parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin levels. Today there are only a few data exploring the direct role of abnormal phosphate homoeostasis and hyperphosphataemia in the development of CKD-MBD. On the other hand, several studies have looked at the link between hyperphosphataemia and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD, but there is a lack of evidence to indicate that lowering phosphate levels improves cardiovascular outcomes in this population. Furthermore, the impact of liberalizing phosphate targets on CKD-MBD progression and bone fracture is currently not known. In this review we discuss the central role of phosphate in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD and how it may be associated with fracture risk, both in hyper- and hypophosphataemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fusaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rachel Holden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charmaine Lok
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Aghi
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, University of Milan and Renal Division, Milan, Italy
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Bird RP, Eskin NAM. The emerging role of phosphorus in human health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:27-88. [PMID: 34112356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus, an essential nutrient, performs vital functions in skeletal and non-skeletal tissues and is pivotal for energy production. The last two decades of research on the physiological importance of phosphorus have provided several novel insights about its dynamic nature as a nutrient performing functions as a phosphate ion. Phosphorous also acts as a signaling molecule and induces complex physiological responses. It is recognized that phosphorus homeostasis is critical for health. The intake of phosphorus by the general population world-wide is almost double the amount required to maintain health. This increase is attributed to the incorporation of phosphate containing food additives in processed foods purchased by consumers. Research findings assessed the impact of excessive phosphorus intake on cells' and organs' responses, and highlighted the potential pathogenic consequences. Research also identified a new class of bioactive phosphates composed of polymers of phosphate molecules varying in chain length. These polymers are involved in metabolic responses including hemostasis, brain and bone health, via complex mechanism(s) with positive or negative health effects, depending on their chain length. It is amazing, that phosphorus, a simple element, is capable of exerting multiple and powerful effects. The role of phosphorus and its polymers in the renal and cardiovascular system as well as on brain health appear to be important and promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - N A Michael Eskin
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Cook FJ, Seagrove-Guffey M, Mumm S, Veis DJ, McAlister WH, Bijanki VN, Wenkert D, Whyte MP. Non-endemic skeletal fluorosis: Causes and associated secondary hyperparathyroidism (case report and literature review). Bone 2021; 145:115839. [PMID: 33418099 PMCID: PMC8142331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal fluorosis (SF) is endemic primarily in regions with fluoride (F)-contaminated well water, but can reflect other types of chronic F exposure. Calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (D) deficiency can exacerbate SF. A 51-year-old man with years of musculoskeletal pain and opiate use was hypocalcemic with secondary hyperparathyroidism upon manifesting recurrent long bone fractures. He smoked cigarettes, drank large amounts of cola beverage, and consumed little dietary Ca. Then, after 5 months of Ca and D3 supplementation, serum 25(OH)D was 21 ng/mL (Nl, 30-100), corrected serum Ca had normalized from 7.8 to 9.4 mg/dL (Nl, 8.5-10.1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had decreased from 1080 to 539 U/L (Nl, 46-116), yet parathyroid hormone (PTH) had increased from 133 to 327 pg/mL (Nl, 8.7-77.1). Radiographs revealed generalized osteosclerosis and a cystic lesion in a proximal femur. DXA BMD Z-scores were +7.4 and +0.4 at the lumbar spine and "1/3" radius, respectively. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in two ribs, periarticular areas, and proximal left femur at the site of a subsequent atraumatic fracture. Elevated serum collagen type I C-telopeptide 2513 pg/mL (Nl, 87-345) and osteocalcin >300 ng/mL (Nl, 9-38) indicated rapid bone turnover. Negative studies included hepatitis C Ab, prostate-specific antigen, serum and urine electrophoresis, and Ion Torrent mutation analysis for dense or high-turnover skeletal diseases. After discovering markedly elevated F concentrations in his plasma [4.84 mg/L (Nl, 0.02-0.08)] and spot urine [42.6 mg/L (Nl, 0.2-3.2)], a two-year history emerged of "huffing" computer cleaner containing difluoroethane. Non-decalcified histology of a subsequent right femur fracture showed increased osteoblasts and osteoclasts and excessive osteoid. A 24-hour urine collection contained 27 mg/L F (Nl, 0.2-3.2) and <2 mg/dL Ca. Then, 19 months after "huffing" cessation and improved Ca and D3 intake, yet with persisting bone pain, serum PTH was normal (52 pg/mL) and serum ALP and urine F had decreased to 248 U/L and 3.3 mg/L, respectively. Our experience combined with 15 publications in PubMed concerning unusual causes of non-endemic SF where the F source became known (19 cases in all) revealed: 11 instances from high consumption of black tea and/or F-containing toothpaste, 1 due to geophagia of F-rich soil, and 7 due to "recreational" inhalation of F-containing vapors. Circulating PTH measured in 14 was substantially elevated in 2 (including ours) and mildly increased in 2. The severity of SF in the cases reviewed seemed to reflect cumulative F exposure, renal function, and Ca and D status. Several factors appeared to influence our patient's skeletal disease: i) direct anabolic effects of toxic amounts of F on his skeleton, ii) secondary hyperparathyroidism from degradation-resistant fluorapatite bone crystals and low dietary Ca, and iii) impaired mineralization of excessive osteoid due to hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Cook
- Division of Endocrinology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Maighan Seagrove-Guffey
- Division of Endocrinology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Deborah Wenkert
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Wenkert & Young, LLC, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91362, USA.
| | - Michael P Whyte
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Jørgensen HS, David K, Salam S, Evenepoel P. Traditional and Non-traditional Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in CKD. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:496-511. [PMID: 33586002 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a state of bone fragility with reduced skeletal resistance to trauma, and consequently increased risk of fracture. A wide range of conditions, including traditional risk factors, lifestyle choices, diseases and their treatments may contribute to bone fragility. It is therefore not surprising that the multi-morbid patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is at a particularly high risk. CKD is associated with reduced bone quantity, as well as impaired bone quality. Bone fragility in CKD is a composite of primary osteoporosis, accumulation of traditional and uremia-related risk factors, assaults brought on by systemic disease, and detrimental effects of drugs. Some risk factors are modifiable and represent potential targets for intervention. This review provides an overview of the heterogeneity of bone fragility in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Skou Jørgensen
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karel David
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Syazrah Salam
- Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism and 3 Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Cannata-Andía JB, Martín-Carro B, Martín-Vírgala J, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Bande-Fernández JJ, Alonso-Montes C, Carrillo-López N. Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorders: Pathogenesis and Management. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:410-422. [PMID: 33190187 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The key players of the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) are calcium, phosphate, PTH, FGF23, and the vitamin D hormonal system. The progressive reduction of kidney function greatly modifies the tightly interrelated mechanisms that control these parameters. As a result, important changes occur in the bone and mineral hormonal axis, leading to changes in bone turnover with relevant consequences in clinical outcomes, such as decrease in bone mass with increased bone fragility and bone fractures and increased vascular and valvular calcification, also with great impact in the cardiovascular outcomes. So far, the knowledge of the mineral and bone disorders in CKD and the increased variety of efficacious therapies should lead to a better prevention and management of CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Martín-Carro
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julia Martín-Vírgala
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Alonso-Montes
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Avda. Roma, sn., 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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Sassine YN, Naim L, El Sebaaly Z, Abou Fayssal S, Alsanad MA, Yordanova MH. Nano urea effects on Pleurotus ostreatus nutritional value depending on the dose and timing of application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5588. [PMID: 33692465 PMCID: PMC7970915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The work investigated the effect of Lithovit-Urea50 on the composition of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871) cultivated on spent oyster substrate mixed with wheat straw (1:1, w/w mixture). The product was applied in different doses (C1: 3 g kg-1 and C2: 5 g kg-1) at three distinct timings (t1: at spawning, t2: after first harvest, t3: at spawning and after first harvest). Protein and fiber contents increased respectively by 0.64 and 0.2% in C1t1 and by 0.46 and 0.8% in C2t2 compared to control (C0t0). Total carbohydrates increased by 0.48-3.76%. Sucrose and glucose contents decreased in the majority of treatments, while fructose increased in C2t1 (by 0.045%). Essential amino acids were the highest in C1t1, wherein respective improvement of 0.31, 0.10, 0.05, 0.21, 0.18, and 0.09% compared to C0t0. Similarly, C1t1 was superior in non-essential amino acids. Potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, and copper contents decreased in all treatments, with minor exceptions, zinc decreased in C1t1 and C2t1, while nickel and lead increased in all treatments. Conclusively, despite important ameliorations in the mushroom nutritional value, mostly in C1t1, the product should be further tested in lower doses (< 3 g kg-1) to counteract its effect on heavy metal bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef N Sassine
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Naim
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zeina El Sebaaly
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Sami Abou Fayssal
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammed A Alsanad
- Department of Environment and Agricultural Natural Resources, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milena H Yordanova
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1797, Sofia, Bulgaria
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González-Parra E, Bover J, Herrero J, Sánchez E, Molina P, Martin-Malo A, Rubio MAB, Lloret S, Navarro J, Arenas MD. Control of phosphorus and prevention of fractures in the kidney patient. Nefrologia 2021; 41:7-14. [PMID: 36165365 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of fractures than the general population due to the added factor of uraemia. Although the mechanisms behind uraemia-associated fractures are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that the decrease in bone mineral content and alteration in bone architecture both increase bone fragility. As chronic kidney disease progresses, the risk of fracture increases, especially once the patient requires dialysis. Among the many causes of the increased risk are advanced age, amenorrhoea, steroid exposure, decreased vitamin D, increased PTH, malnutrition and chronic inflammation. Serum phosphorus, whether high or very low, seems to correlate with the risk of fracture. Moreover, increased serum phosphate is known to directly and indirectly affect bone metabolism through the development of adaptive hormonal mechanisms aimed at preventing hyperphosphataemia, such as the increase in PTH and FGF23 and the reduction in calcitriol. These adaptive mechanisms are less intense if the intestinal absorption of phosphorus is reduced with the use of phosphorus captors, which seem to have a positive impact in reducing the risk of fractures. We describe here the possible mechanisms associating serum phosphorus levels, the adaptive mechanisms typical in kidney disease and the use of drugs to control hyperphosphataemia with the risk of fractures. We found no studies in the literature providing evidence on the influence of different treatments on the risk of fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease. We suggest that control of phosphorus should be an objective to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Navarro
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Erika C, Griebel S, Naumann M, Pawelzik E. Biodiversity in Tomatoes: Is It Reflected in Nutrient Density and Nutritional Yields Under Organic Outdoor Production? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:589692. [PMID: 33329651 PMCID: PMC7732668 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.589692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many regions of the world, human nutrition is still characterized by an insufficient intake of essential nutrients like minerals such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). In view of decreasing resources and a growing world population, the efficiency and the sustainability of cultivation systems should be considered not only in terms of crop yield and profit margin but also in terms of the yield of essential nutrients. Tomatoes are the most consumed vegetable in the world. Organic outdoor tomato cultivation is generally characterized by a higher diversity of varieties and lower fertilization input compared to conventional production. A 2-year field experiment with a set of 20 cultivars was performed to evaluate their variation regarding fruit mineral concentrations [potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), Fe, and Zn], their contribution to the dietary reference intake (DRI), and the nutritional yields (adults ha-1 year-1). Results show that mineral concentrations differed significantly by cultivar and by year. However, even though significant genotype-by-year effects appear, several cultivars exhibit high genotype stability across years for the single traits studied. Taking this together with medium-to-high heritability, genetics strongly controls most studied traits. Among the cultivars, the contribution of 100 g fresh fruits varied from 4.5 to 7.7% for K, 0.8 to 1.8% for Ca, 2.3 to 4.4% for Mg, 3 to 6.6% for P, 3.1 to 6.9% for Fe, and 1.9 to 4.2% for Zn to meet daily requirements. Based on average fruit yields per hectare, the cultivars varied with regard to the nutritional yields for all the studied minerals, but most strongly for Fe (44-120 adults ha-1 year-1) and Zn (22-84 adults ha-1 year-1). In terms of contribution to the DRI and nutritional yield for Fe, the cocktail cultivar "Bartelly F1" produced the highest results, while for Zn the salad cultivar "Bocati F1" showed the highest values. Our results show that the targeted use of tomato biodiversity in organic outdoor production can be suitable to achieve high fruit yields as well as to produce high nutritional yields per unit area, thus contributing to more effective land use and improved food security. These findings also provide valuable insights for tomato breeders to improve the tomato fruit quality while maintaining yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cut Erika
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Griebel
- Division Plant Breeding Methodology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Naumann
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elke Pawelzik
- Division Quality of Plant Products, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Determination of Macro- and Microelements in the Inflorescences of Banana Tree Using ICP OES: Evaluation of the Daily Recommendations of Intake for Humans. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:8383612. [PMID: 33281506 PMCID: PMC7685863 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8383612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflorescence of Musa paradisiaca, known as “banana heart” is a structure that includes flowers and bracts of banana, commonly used as food source worldwide. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the mineral components of Musa paradisiaca and (2) to compare the obtained results with previously reported data of Recommendation Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and edible plant permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. The samples were digested using microwave-assisted equipment, while elemental contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Metal (Mg, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Zn) and nonmetal (S and P) contents were detected. According to RDA, the inflorescences could be excellent sources of Mg, P, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe for females, males, and pregnant women, all age 31–50 y, as well as children (4–8 y). Bracts are good source of Zn for male and pregnant women and good source of Fe for children. All the samples contained considerable amounts of Mg, Ca, P, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe, which were quite low to induce deleterious effects (UL). FAO/WHO limits for edible plants have not yet been established for S, P, Mg, and Ca, but Ni and Zn are below of those limit values. However, Cr and Cu concentrations are higher than the values established for edible plants and may pose a threat to human health. Farmers should be encouraged by government agencies, not only for sustainability of production but also to ensure the storage and trade of banana tree inflorescence.
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Serna J, Bergwitz C. Importance of Dietary Phosphorus for Bone Metabolism and Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3001. [PMID: 33007883 PMCID: PMC7599912 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main source of dietary phosphorus. Reduced bioavailability of Pi or excessive losses in the urine causes rickets and osteomalacia. While critical for health in normal amounts, dietary phosphorus is plentiful in the Western diet and is often added to foods as a preservative. This abundance of phosphorus may reduce longevity due to metabolic changes and tissue calcifications. In this review, we examine how dietary phosphorus is absorbed in the gut, current knowledge about Pi sensing, and endocrine regulation of Pi levels. Moreover, we also examine the roles of Pi in different tissues, the consequences of low and high dietary phosphorus in these tissues, and the implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Serna
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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González-Parra E, Bover J, Herrero J, Sánchez E, Molina P, Martin-Malo A, Bajo Rubio MA, Lloret S, Navarro J, Arenas MD. Control of phosphorus and prevention of fractures in the kidney patient. Nefrologia 2020; 41:7-14. [PMID: 32981786 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of fractures than the general population due to the added factor of uraemia. Although the mechanisms behind uraemia-associated fractures are not fully understood, it is widely accepted that the decrease in bone mineral content and alteration in bone architecture both increase bone fragility. As chronic kidney disease progresses, the risk of fracture increases, especially once the patient requires dialysis. Among the many causes of the increased risk are advanced age, amenorrhoea, steroid exposure, decreased vitamin D, increased parathyroid hormone (PTH), malnutrition and chronic inflammation. Serum phosphorus, whether high or very low, seems to correlate with the risk of fracture. Moreover, increased serum phosphate is known to directly and indirectly affect bone metabolism through the development of adaptive hormonal mechanisms aimed at preventing hyperphosphataemia, such as the increase in PTH and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and the reduction in calcitriol. These adaptive mechanisms are less intense if the intestinal absorption of phosphorus is reduced with the use of phosphorus captors, which seem to have a positive impact in reducing the risk of fractures. We describe here the possible mechanisms associating serum phosphorus levels, the adaptive mechanisms typical in kidney disease and the use of drugs to control hyperphosphataemia with the risk of fractures. We found no studies in the literature providing evidence on the influence of different treatments on the risk of fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease. We suggest that control of phosphorus should be an objective to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Navarro
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
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Agbabiaka O, Oladele I, Akinwekomi A, Adediran A, Balogun A, Olasunkanm O, Olayanju T. Effect of calcination temperature on hydroxyapatite developed from waste poultry eggshell. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Cuadrado-Soto E, López-Sobaler AM, Jiménez-Ortega AI, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Lara Villoslada F, Leis R, Martínez de Victoria E, Moreno JM, Ruiz-López MD, Soto-Méndez MJ, Valero T, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á, Ortega RM. Usual Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Vitamin D of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years. Findings from the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1787. [PMID: 32560110 PMCID: PMC7353376 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone problems in the population begin to be establish in childhood. The present study aims to assess the usual calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D intakes, along with the food sources of these nutrients, in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española) study. Two 24 h dietary recalls were applied to 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two sub-samples: one reference sample (RS) of the general population [n = 707] and another sample which exclusively included children consuming enriched or fortified milks, here called "adapted milks" (AMS) [n = 741]. Estimation of the usual intake shows that nutrient intake increased with age for all nutrients except vitamin D. Using as reference the Dietary Reference Values from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), calcium and magnesium intakes were found to be below the average requirement (AR) and adequate intake (AI), respectively, in a considerable percentage of children. Furthermore, phosphorus exceeded the AI in 100% of individuals and vitamin D was lower than the AI in almost all children studied. The results were very similar when considering only plausible reporters. When analyzing the food sources of the nutrients studied, milk and dairy products contributed the most to calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin D. Other sources of calcium were cereals and vegetables; for phosphorus: meat, meat products, and cereals; for magnesium: cereals and fruits; and, for vitamin D: fish and eggs. These results highlight the desirability of improving the intake concerning these nutrients, which are involved in bone and metabolic health in children. The AMS group appeared to contribute better to the adequacy of those nutrients than the RS group, but both still need further improvement. Of special interest are the results of vitamin D intakes, which were significantly higher in the AMS group (although still below the AI), independent of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.O.)
- UCM Research Group VALORNUT-920030, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.O.)
- UCM Research Group VALORNUT-920030, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Isabel Jiménez-Ortega
- UCM Research Group VALORNUT-920030, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, San Rafael Hospital, 28016 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.O.)
- UCM Research Group VALORNUT-920030, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.O.)
- UCM Research Group VALORNUT-920030, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ángela Hernández-Ruiz
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3ªpta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (M.D.R.-L.); (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.G.)
| | | | - Rosaura Leis
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago, IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Martínez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno
- Pediatric Department, University of Navarra Clinic, Calle Marquesado de Sta. Marta, 1, 28027 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3ªpta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (M.D.R.-L.); (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.G.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Soto-Méndez
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3ªpta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (M.D.R.-L.); (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.G.)
| | - Teresa Valero
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), c/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), c/General Álvarez de Castro 20, 1ªpta, 28010 Madrid, Spain; (T.V.); (G.V.-M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Urb. Montepríncipe, crta. Boadilla km. 5.3, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Av. Del Conocimiento 12, 3ªpta, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain; (Á.H.-R.); (M.D.R.-L.); (M.J.S.-M.); (Á.G.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II University of Granada, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s.n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-S.); (A.A.); (L.M.B.); (R.M.O.)
- UCM Research Group VALORNUT-920030, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize the in vivo evidences on the association between nutrition and osteoporosis fracture healing. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoporotic fractures constitute a considerable public health burden. The healing capacity of fractures is influenced by local factors related to the fracture and by general factors (e.g., age, sex, osteoporosis, muscular mass, smoking, alcohol, drugs, and diet). The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA statement. From the literature search on PubMed and Web of Science, from January 2016 to October 2019, twelve studies were selected and resulted highly variable in samples, exposure, methods, outcomes, and outcome assessment. Eleven studies were conducted on laboratory animals. Only one study aimed to investigate the impact of nutritional status on fracture healing in osteoporotic patients. In this review, the role of calcium/vitamin D supplementation remained controversial, while sialoglycoprotein supplementation, phytoestrogen-rich herb extract, flavonoids, and phosphorylated peptides showed a positive effect on osteoporotic fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Chiavarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Public Heath, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Naldini
- School of Specialization in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Leonel M, Bolfarini ACB, Rodrigues da Silva MJ, Souza JMA, Leonel S. Banana fruits with high content of resistant starch: Effect of genotypes and phosphorus fertilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1020-1026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel KH, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Oskarsson A, Shah R, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Aggett P, Cupisti A, Fortes C, Kuhnle G, Lillegaard IT, Scotter M, Giarola A, Rincon A, Tard A, Gundert-Remy U. Re-evaluation of phosphoric acid-phosphates - di-, tri- and polyphosphates (E 338-341, E 343, E 450-452) as food additives and the safety of proposed extension of use. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05674. [PMID: 32626329 PMCID: PMC7009158 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings added to Food (FAF) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of phosphates (E 338-341, E 343, E 450-452) as food additives. The Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Phosphates are authorised food additives in the EU in accordance with Annex II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008. Exposure to phosphates from the whole diet was estimated using mainly analytical data. The values ranged from 251 mg P/person per day in infants to 1,625 mg P/person per day for adults, and the high exposure (95th percentile) from 331 mg P/person per day in infants to 2,728 mg P/person per day for adults. Phosphate is essential for all living organisms, is absorbed at 80-90% as free orthophosphate excreted via the kidney. The Panel considered phosphates to be of low acute oral toxicity and there is no concern with respect to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. No effects were reported in developmental toxicity studies. The Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates expressed as phosphorus of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day and concluded that this ADI is protective for the human population. The Panel noted that in the estimated exposure scenario based on analytical data exposure estimates exceeded the proposed ADI for infants, toddlers and other children at the mean level, and for infants, toddlers, children and adolescents at the 95th percentile. The Panel also noted that phosphates exposure by food supplements exceeds the proposed ADI. The Panel concluded that the available data did not give rise to safety concerns in infants below 16 weeks of age consuming formula and food for medical purposes.
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Abstract
Bone health is critical to overall health and quality of life. Although genetic factors play a key role in bone formation, there are several external factors that can be modified to preserve bone health. Diet, exercise, menstrual irregularities, medications, disease states, weight, and environmental factors can all affect fracture risk. Osteoporosis is characterized by decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural changes in the bone that increases fracture risk. Screening for osteoporosis may help facilitate treatment before fractures occur. Preventing fractures needs patient and physician understanding of bone health to improve and requires a team effort.
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