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Mohos V, Harmat M, Kun J, Aczél T, Zsidó BZ, Kitka T, Farkas S, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Topiramate inhibits adjuvant-induced chronic orofacial inflammatory allodynia in the rat. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1461355. [PMID: 39221150 PMCID: PMC11361966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1461355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic orofacial pain disorders are common debilitating conditions, affecting the trigeminal system. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear and the therapy is often unsatisfactory, therefore, preclinical models are crucial to identify the key mediators and novel treatment options. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced orofacial inflammatory allodynia/hyperalgesia is commonly used in rodents, but it has not been validated with currently used drugs. Here we tested the effects of the adjuvant analgesic/antiepileptic voltage-gated Na+ channel blocker complex mechanism of action topiramate in comparison with the gold standard antimigraine serotonin 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist sumatriptan in this model. CFA was injected subcutaneously into the right whisker pad of male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g), then mechanonociceptive threshold values were investigated with von Frey filaments (3, 5, and 7 days after CFA injection). Effects of topiramate (30 mg/kg per os) and sumatriptan (1 mg/kg subcutaneous) on the adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory orofacial allodynia were investigated 60, 120, and 180 min after the treatments each day. To determine the optimal concentration for drug effect analysis, we tested the effects of two different CFA-concentrations (1 and 0.5 mg/mL) on mechanonociceptive thresholds. Both concentrations of CFA induced a chronic orofacial allodynia in 60% of all rats. Although, higher CFA concentration induced greater allodynia, much more stable threshold reduction was observed with the lower CFA concentration: on day 3 the thresholds decreased from 18.30 g to approximately 11 g (low) and 5 g (high), respectively, however a slight increase was observed in the case of higher CFA concentration (on days 5, 7, and 11). In all investigation days, topiramate showed significant anti-allodynic effect comparing the pre and post drug dose and comparing the vehicle treated to the drug treated groups. Sumatriptan also caused a significant threshold increase compared to pre dose thresholds (day 3) and also showed a slight anti-allodynic effect compared to the vehicle-treated group (day 3 and 5). In the present study CFA-induced chronic orofacial allodynia was reversed by topiramate in rats validating the model with the adjuvant analgesic. Other than establishing a validated orofacial pain-related syndrome model in rats, new ways are opened for the repurposing of topiramate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Máté Harmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Aczél
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kitka
- Uzsoki Cardiovascular Center Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Farkas
- Uzsoki Cardiovascular Center Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, PTE HUN-REN Chronic Pain Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Research Network, PTE HUN-REN Chronic Pain Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang H, Sun X, Chen L, Zhou J. Animal Models of Chronic Migraine: From the Bench to Therapy. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01290-y. [PMID: 38954246 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic migraine is a disabling progressive disorder without effective management approaches. Animal models have been developed and used in chronic migraine research. However, there are several problems with existing models. Therefore, we aimed to summarize and analyze existing animal models to facilitate translation from basic to clinical. RECENT FINDINGS The most commonly used models are the inflammatory soup induction model and the nitric oxide donor induction model. In addition, KATP openers have also been used in model induction. Based on the above models, some molecular targets have been identified, such as glutamate receptors. However, each model has its shortcomings and characteristics, and there are still some common problems that need to be solved, such as spontaneous headache, evaluation criteria after model establishment, and identification methods. In this review, we summarized and highlighted the advantages and limitations of the currently commonly used animal models of chronic migraine with a special focus on drug discovery and current therapeutic strategies, and discussed the directions that can be worked on in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuechun Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang L, Liu X, Zhu C, Wu S, Li Z, Jing L, Zhang Z, Jing Y, Wang Y. Environmental enrichment alleviates hyperalgesia by modulating central sensitization in a nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine model of mice. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38724948 PMCID: PMC11083806 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic migraine (CM) is a debilitating neurofunctional disorder primarily affecting females, characterized by central sensitization. Central sensitization refers to the enhanced response to sensory stimulation, which involves changes in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter release. Environmental enrichment (EE) can increase the movement, exploration, socialization and other behaviors of mice. EE has shown promising effects in various neurological disorders, but its impact on CM and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether EE has the potential to serve as a cost-effective intervention strategy for CM. METHODS A mouse CM model was successfully established by repeated administration of nitroglycerin (NTG). We selected adult female mice around 8 weeks old, exposed them to EE for 2 months, and then induced the CM model. Nociceptive threshold tests were measured using Von Frey filaments and a hot plate. The expression of c-Fos, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and inflammatory response were measured using WB and immunofluorescence to evaluate central sensitization. RNA sequencing was used to find differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways. Finally, the expression of the target differential gene was investigated. RESULTS Repeated administration of NTG can induce hyperalgesia in female mice and increase the expression of c-Fos and CGRP in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Early exposure of mice to EE reduced NTG-induced hyperalgesia in CM mice. WB and immunofluorescence revealed that EE inhibited the overexpression of c-Fos and CGRP in the TNC of CM mice and alleviated the inflammatory response of microglia activation. RNA sequencing analysis identified that several central sensitization-related signaling pathways were altered by EE. VGluT1, a key gene involved in behavior, internal stimulus response, and ion channel activity, was found to be downregulated in mice exposed to EE. CONCLUSION EE can significantly ameliorate hyperalgesia in the NTG-induced CM model. The mechanisms may be to modulate central sensitization by reducing the expression of CGRP, attenuating the inflammatory response, and downregulating the expression of VGluT1, etc., suggesting that EE can serve as an effective preventive strategy for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gate, No. 82 Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenlu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gate, No. 82 Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shouyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gate, No. 82 Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhilei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gate, No. 82 Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lipeng Jing
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenchang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gate, No. 82 Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuhong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222 Tianshui South Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gate, No. 82 Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Park S, Jung H, Han SW, Lee SH, Sohn JH. Differences in Neuropathology between Nitroglycerin-Induced Mouse Models of Episodic and Chronic Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3706. [PMID: 38612517 PMCID: PMC11011425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple animal models of migraine have been used to develop new therapies. Understanding the transition from episodic (EM) to chronic migraine (CM) is crucial. We established models mimicking EM and CM pain and assessed neuropathological differences. EM and CM models were induced with single NTG or multiple injections over 9 days. Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed. Immunofluorescence utilized c-Fos, NeuN, and Iba1. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were analyzed. Neuropeptides (CGRP, VIP, PACAP, and substance P) were assessed. Mechanical thresholds were similar. Notable neuropathological distinctions were observed in Sp5C and ACC. ACC showed increased c-Fos and NeuN expression in CM (p < 0.001) and unchanged in EM. Sp5C had higher c-Fos and NeuN expression in EM (p < 0.001). Iba1 was upregulated in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM (p < 0.001). Proinflammatory markers were strongly expressed in Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM. CGRP expression was elevated in both regions and was higher in CM. VIP exhibited higher levels in the Sp5C of EM and ACC of CM, whereas PACAP and substance P were expressed in the Sp5C in both models. Despite similar thresholds, distinctive neuropathological differences in Sp5C and ACC between EM and CM models suggest a role in the EM to CM transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Harry Jung
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Sang-Won Han
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Sohn
- Institute of New Frontier Research Team, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (H.J.); (S.-W.H.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Liu AR, Lin ZJ, Wei M, Tang Y, Zhang H, Peng XG, Li Y, Zheng YF, Tan Z, Zhou LJ, Feng X. The potent analgesia of intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK via TRPA1 inhibition in LF-PENS-induced chronic primary pain model. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:141. [PMID: 37858040 PMCID: PMC10585932 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic primary pain (CPP) is an intractable pain of unknown cause with significant emotional distress and/or dysfunction that is a leading factor of disability globally. The lack of a suitable animal model that mimic CPP in humans has frustrated efforts to curb disease progression. 2R, 6R-hydroxynorketamine (2R, 6R-HNK) is the major antidepressant metabolite of ketamine and also exerts antinociceptive action. However, the analgesic mechanism and whether it is effective for CPP are still unknown. METHODS Based on nociplastic pain is evoked by long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducible high- or low-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS/LFS), we wanted to develop a novel CPP mouse model with mood and cognitive comorbidities by noninvasive low-frequency percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (LF-PENS). Single/repeated 2R, 6R-HNK or other drug was intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intrathecally (i.t.) injected into naïve or CPP mice to investigate their analgesic effect in CPP model. A variety of behavioral tests were used to detect the changes in pain, mood and memory. Immunofluorescent staining, western blot, reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and calcium imaging of in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by Fluo-8-AM were used to elucidate the role and mechanisms of 2R, 6R-HNK in vivo or in vitro. RESULTS Intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK, rather than intraperitoneal 2R, 6R-HNK or intrathecal S-Ketamine, successfully mitigated HFS-induced pain. Importantly, intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK displayed effective relief of bilateral pain hypersensitivity and depressive and cognitive comorbidities in a dose-dependent manner in LF-PENS-induced CPP model. Mechanically, 2R, 6R-HNK markedly attenuated neuronal hyperexcitability and the upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) or vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2) in peripheral nociceptive pathway. In addition, 2R, 6R-HNK suppressed calcium responses and CGRP overexpression in cultured DRG neurons elicited by the agonists of TRPA1 or/and TRPV1. Strikingly, the inhibitory effects of 2R, 6R-HNK on these pain-related molecules and mechanical allodynia were substantially occluded by TRPA1 antagonist menthol. CONCLUSIONS In the newly designed CPP model, our findings highlighted the potential utility of intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK for preventing and therapeutic modality of CPP. TRPA1-mediated uprgulation of CGRP and neuronal hyperexcitability in nociceptive pathways may undertake both unique characteristics and solving process of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Ran Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhen-Jia Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No.466, Mid Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Xiang-Ge Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Fan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.74, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Clinic, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, 2Nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Zhang S, Azubuine J, Schmeer C. A systematic literature review on the role of glial cells in the pathomechanisms of migraine. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1219574. [PMID: 37456527 PMCID: PMC10347403 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1219574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathomechanisms underlying migraine are intricate and remain largely unclear. Initially regarded as a neuronal disorder, migraine research primarily concentrated on understanding the pathophysiological changes within neurons. However, recent advances have revealed the significant involvement of neuroinflammation and the neuro-glio-vascular interplay in migraine pathogenesis. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception until November 2022. The retrieved results underwent a screening process based on title and abstract, and the full texts of the remaining papers were thoroughly assessed for eligibility. Only studies that met the predetermined inclusion criteria were included in the review. Results Fifty-nine studies, consisting of 6 human studies and 53 animal studies, met the inclusion criteria. Among the 6 human studies, 2 focused on genetic analyses, while the remaining studies employed functional imaging, serum analyses and clinical trials. Regarding the 53 animal studies investigating glial cells in migraine, 19 of them explored the role of satellite glial cells and/or Schwann cells in the trigeminal ganglion and/or trigeminal nerve. Additionally, 17 studies highlighted the significance of microglia and/or astrocytes in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, particularly in relation to central sensitization during migraine chronification. Furthermore, 17 studies examined the involvement of astrocytes and/or microglia in the cortex. Conclusion Glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, satellite glial cells and Schwann cells in the central and peripheral nervous system, participate both in the development as well as chronic progression of migraine in disease-associated regions such as the trigeminovascular system, trigeminal nucleus caudalis and cortex, among other brain regions.
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Shan Z, Wang Y, Qiu T, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Hu L, Zhang L, Liang J, Ding M, Fan S, Xiao Z. SS-31 alleviated nociceptive responses and restored mitochondrial function in a headache mouse model via Sirt3/Pgc-1α positive feedback loop. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 37271805 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is the second highest cause of disability worldwide, bringing a huge socioeconomic burden. Improving mitochondrial function has promise as an effective treatment strategy for migraine. Szeto-Schiller peptide (SS-31) is a new mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide molecule that has been shown to suppress the progression of diseases by restoring mitochondrial function, including renal disease, cardiac disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, whether SS-31 has a therapeutic effect on migraine remains unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the treatment of SS-31 for headache and its potential mechanisms. Here we used a mouse model induced by repeated dural infusion of inflammatory soup (IS), and examined roles of Sirt3/Pgc-1α positive feedback loop in headache pathogenesis and mitochondrial function. Our results showed that repeated IS infusion impaired mitochondrial function, mitochondrial ultrastructure and mitochondrial homeostasis in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). These IS-induced damages in TNC were reversed by SS-31. In addition, IS-induced nociceptive responses were simultaneously alleviated. The effects of SS-31 on mitochondrial function and mitochondrial homeostasis (mainly mitochondrial biogenesis) were attenuated partially by the inhibitor of Sirt3/Pgc-1α. Overexpression of Sirt3/Pgc-1α increased the protein level of each other. These results indicated that SS-31 alleviated nociceptive responses and restored mitochondrial function in an IS-induced headache mouse model via Sirt3/Pgc-1α positive feedback loop. SS-31 has the potential to be an effective drug candidate for headache treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Shan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Luyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Man Ding
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shanghua Fan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Podkowa K, Czarnacki K, Borończyk A, Borończyk M, Paprocka J. The NMDA receptor antagonists memantine and ketamine as anti-migraine agents. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02444-2. [PMID: 36869904 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating disorder affecting females more frequently than males. There is some evidence that drugs targeting glutamate receptors: memantine and ketamine might be beneficial in the therapy of this entity. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to present NMDA receptor antagonists, memantine and ketamine, as potential anti-migraine agents. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and clinical trials submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov to find publications describing eligible trials published between database inception and December 31, 2021. This comprehensive literature review summarizes data on the use of the NMDA receptor antagonists memantine and ketamine in the pharmacotherapy of migraine. Results from 20 previous and recent preclinical experiments are discussed and correlated with 19 clinical trials (including case series, open-label, and randomized placebo-controlled trials). For the purposes of this review, the authors hypothesized that the propagation of SD is a major mechanism in the pathophysiology of migraine. In several animal studies and in vitro studies, memantine and ketamine inhibited or reduced propagation of the SD. In addition, the results of clinical trials suggest that memantine or ketamine may be an effective treatment option for migraine. However, most studies on these agents lack control group. Although further clinical trials are needed, the results suggest that ketamine or memantine may be promising molecules for the treatment of severe migraine. Particular attention should be paid to people who have a treatment-resistant form of migraine with aura or have exhausted existing treatment options. For them, the drugs under discussion could represent an interesting alternative in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Podkowa
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kamil Czarnacki
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borończyk
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Borończyk
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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9
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Wu S, Ren X, Zhu C, Wang W, Zhang K, Li Z, Liu X, Wang Y. A c-Fos activation map in nitroglycerin/levcromakalim-induced models of migraine. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:128. [PMID: 36180824 PMCID: PMC9524028 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic migraine is a common and highly disabling disorder. Functional MRI has indicated that abnormal brain region activation is linked with chronic migraine. Drugs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor have been reported to be efficient for treating chronic migraine. The CGRP signaling was also shared in two types of chronic migraine models (CMMs). However, it remains unclear whether the activation of specific brain regions could contribute to persistent behavioral sensitization, and CGRP receptor antagonists relieve migraine-like pain in CMMs by altering specific brain region activation. Therefore, it’s of great interest to investigate brain activation pattern and the effect of olcegepant (a CGRP receptor-specific antagonist) treatment on alleviating hyperalgesia by altering brain activation in two CMMs, and provide a reference for future research on neural circuits. Methods Repeated administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) or levcromakalim (LEV) was conducted to stimulate human migraine-like pain and establish two types of CMMs in mice. Mechanical hypersensitivity was evaluated by using the von Frey filament test. Then, we evaluated the activation of different brain regions with c-Fos and NeuN staining. Olcegepant was administered to explore its effect on mechanical hyperalgesia and brain region activation. Results In two CMMs, acute and basal mechanical hyperalgesia was observed, and olcegepant alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia. In the NTG-induced CMM, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5c) showed a significant increase of c-Fos expression in the NTG group (p < 0.05), while pre-treatment with olcegepant reduced c-Fos expression compared with NTG group (p < 0.05). No significant difference of c-Fos expression was found in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) between the vehicle control and NTG group (p > 0.05). In the LEV-induced CMM, mPFC, PVT, and Sp5c showed a significant increase of c-Fos expression between vehicle control and LEV group, and olcegepant reduced c-Fos expression (p < 0.05). No significant difference in c-Fos expression was found in vlPAG and ACC (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our study demonstrated the activation of mPFC and Sp5c in two CMMs. Olcegepant may alleviate hyperalgesia of the hind paw and periorbital area by attenuating brain activation in CMMs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01496-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Chenlu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, FengtaiDistrict, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Kaibo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhilei Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiying Gate, No. 82Linxia Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, FengtaiDistrict, Beijing, 100070, China.
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10
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Yao L, Chen R, Ji H, Wang X, Zhang X, Yuan Y. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound Stimulation on Migraine in Rats. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:2332-2340. [PMID: 35981071 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3199813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to systematically evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation on migraine in rats. We used video recordings to assess the head scratching behavior and laser speckle contrast imaging to record the changes in cerebral blood flow velocity of freely moving rats in a healthy group, migraine group, migraine group with ultrasound prevention, and migraine group with ultrasound therapy. Results demonstrated that (1) head scratching during migraine attacks in rats was accompanied by an decrease in cerebral blood flow; (2) both ultrasound prevention and therapy significantly reduced the number of head scratches but did not reduce the cerebral blood flow velocity; and (3) the number of head scratches in the ultrasound stimulation groups was not affected by the auditory effect. These results reveal that low-intensity ultrasound has the potential to be used clinically in the prevention and therapeutic treatment of migraine.
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11
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Chen H, Tang X, Li J, Hu B, Yang W, Zhan M, Ma T, Xu S. IL-17 crosses the blood-brain barrier to trigger neuroinflammation: a novel mechanism in nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:1. [PMID: 34979902 PMCID: PMC8903553 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-021-01374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic migraine places a disabling burden on patients, which is extensively modeled by the nitroglycerin (NTG)-treated animal model. Although the NF-κB pathway is involved in an increase in CGRP levels and activation of the trigeminal system in the NTG model, the relationship between NTG and neuroinflammation remains unclear. This study aimed to optimize a chronic NTG rat model with hyperalgesia and the ethological capacity for estimating migraine therapies and to further explore the underlying mechanism of NTG-induced migraine. Methods Rats were administered different doses of NTG s.c. daily or every 2 d; 30 min and 2 h later, the mechanical threshold was tested. After 9 d, the rats were injected with EB or Cy5.5 for the permeability assay. The other animals were sacrificed, and then, brainstem and caudal trigeminal ganglion were removed to test CGRP, c-Fos and NOS activity; Cytokines levels in the tissue and serum were measured by ELISA; and NF-κB pathway and blood–brain barrier (BBB)-related indicators were analyzed using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe microglial polarization and IL-17A+ T cell migration in the medulla oblongata. Results NTG (10 mg/kg, s.c., every 2 d for a total of 5 injections) was the optimal condition, resulting in progressive hyperalgesia and migraine behavior. TNC neuroinflammation with increases in cytokines, CGRP and c-Fos and activation of the NF-κB pathway was observed, and these changes were alleviated by ibuprofen. Furthermore, NTG administration increased BBB permeability by altering the levels functional proteins (RAGE, LRP1, AQP4 and MFSD2A) and structural proteins (ZO-1, Occludin and VE-cadherin-2) to increase peripheral IL-17A permeation into the medulla oblongata, activating microglia and neuroinflammation, and eventually causing hyperalgesia and migraine attack. Conclusions This study confirmed that NTG (10 mg/kg, s.c., every 2 d for a total of 5 injections) was the optimal condition to provoke migraine, resulting in mechanical hyperalgesia and observable migraine-like behavior. Furthermore, IL-17A crossed the blood–brain barrier into the medulla oblongata, triggering TNC activation through microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. This process was a novel mechanism in NTG-induced chronic migraine, suggesting that IL-17A might be a novel target in the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Mungoven TJ, Henderson LA, Meylakh N. Chronic Migraine Pathophysiology and Treatment: A Review of Current Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:705276. [PMID: 35295486 PMCID: PMC8915760 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.705276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic migraine is a disabling neurological disorder that imposes a considerable burden on individual and socioeconomic outcomes. Chronic migraine is defined as headaches occurring on at least 15 days per month with at least eight of these fulfilling the criteria for migraine. Chronic migraine typically evolves from episodic migraine as a result of increasing attack frequency and/or several other risk factors that have been implicated with migraine chronification. Despite this evolution, chronic migraine likely develops into its own distinct clinical entity, with unique features and pathophysiology separating it from episodic migraine. Furthermore, chronic migraine is characterized with higher disability and incidence of comorbidities in comparison to episodic migraine. While existing migraine studies primarily focus on episodic migraine, less is known about chronic migraine pathophysiology. Mounting evidence on aberrant alterations suggest that pronounced functional and structural brain changes, central sensitization and neuroinflammation may underlie chronic migraine mechanisms. Current treatment options for chronic migraine include risk factor modification, acute and prophylactic therapies, evidence-based treatments such as onabotulinumtoxinA, topiramate and newly approved calcitonin gene-related peptide or receptor targeted monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, treatments are still predominantly ineffective in aborting migraine attacks and decreasing intensity and frequency, and poor adherence and compliance with preventative medications remains a significant challenge. Novel emerging chronic migraine treatments such as neuromodulation offer promising therapeutic approaches that warrant further investigation. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update of current knowledge and perspectives regarding chronic migraine background, pathophysiology, current and emerging treatment options with the intention of facilitating future research into this debilitating and largely indeterminant disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noemi Meylakh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Liu TH, Wang Z, Xie F, Liu YQ, Lin Q. Contributions of aversive environmental stress to migraine chronification: Research update of migraine pathophysiology. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:2136-2145. [PMID: 33850932 PMCID: PMC8017499 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i9.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have suggested that internal and/or external aversive cues may produce a negative affective-motivational component whereby maladaptive responses (plasticity) of dural afferent neurons are initiated contributing to migraine chronification. However, pathophysiological processes and neural circuitry involved in aversion (unpleasantness)-producing migraine chronification are still evolving. An interdisciplinary team conducted this narrative review aimed at reviewing neuronal plasticity for developing migraine chronicity and its relevant neurocircuits and providing the most cutting-edge information on neuronal mechanisms involved in the processing of affective aspects of pain and the role of unpleasantness evoked by internal and/or external cues in facilitating the chronification process of migraine headache. Thus, information presented in this review promotes the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic migraine and contribution of unpleasantness (aversion) to migraine chronification. We hope that it will bring clinicians’ attention to how the maladaptive neuroplasticity of the emotion brain in the aversive environment produces a significant impact on the chronification of migraine headache, which will in turn lead to new therapeutic strategies for this type of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Hua Liu
- Department of Algology, The Third People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Algology, The Third People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin 644000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Department of Algology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
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14
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Levine A, Vanderah TW, Largent-Milnes TM. An underrepresented majority: A systematic review utilizing allodynic criteria to examine the present scarcity of discrete animal models for episodic migraine. Cephalalgia 2021; 41:404-416. [PMID: 33131303 PMCID: PMC10443224 DOI: 10.1177/0333102420966984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing evidence differentiating episodic and chronic migraine, little work has determined how currently utilized animal models of migraine best represent each distinct disease state. AIM In this review, we seek to characterize accepted preclinical models of migraine-like headache by their ability to recapitulate the clinical allodynic features of either episodic or chronic migraine. METHODS From a search of the Pu bMed database for "animal models of migraine", "headache models" and "preclinical migraine", we identified approximately 80 recent (within the past 20 years) publications that utilized one of 10 different models for migraine research. Models reviewed fit into one of the following categories: Dural KCl application, direct electrical stimulation, nitroglycerin administration, inflammatory soup injection, CGRP injection, medication overuse, monogenic animals, post-traumatic headache, specific channel activation, and hormone manipulation. Recapitulation of clinical features including cephalic and extracephalic hypersensitivity were evaluated for each and compared. DISCUSSION Episodic migraineurs comprise over half of the migraine population, yet the vast majority of current animal models of migraine appear to best represent chronic migraine states. While some of these models can be modified to reflect episodic migraine, there remains a need for non-invasive, validated models of episodic migraine to enhance the clinical translation of migraine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Levine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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15
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Niu Y, Zeng X, Qin G, Zhang D, Zhou J, Chen L. Downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 alleviates central sensitization by activating autophagy via inhibiting mTOR pathway in a rat model of chronic migraine. Neurosci Lett 2020; 743:135552. [PMID: 33352285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Central sensitization is one of the important pathological mechanisms of chronic migraine (CM). Metabolic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) mediates pain by activating various intracellular pathways. However, whether mGluR5 contributes to central sensitization in CM and the exact mechanism remains unclear. Male rats were used to establish a CM model by repeated infusions of inflammatory soup (IS) for 7 days to stimulate the activation of the dural nociceptor. The mechanical and thermal thresholds were used to evaluate allodynia, and central sensitization was assessed by measuring calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62/SQSTM1 were used to assess autophagy. We found that the expression of mGluR5 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) of CM rats was significantly increased. In addition, the downregulation of mGluR5 activated autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR pathway. Moreover, the activation of autophagy alleviated allodynia and central sensitization in CM rats. This study identified a novel strategy for the treatment of CM; the downregulation of mGluR5 in a rat model of CM decreased the expression of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and the central sensitization-associated proteins CGRP and SP by activating autophagy via inhibiting the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Niu
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zeng
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcheng Qin
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dunke Zhang
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixue Chen
- Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Targowska-Duda KM, Ozawa A, Bertels Z, Cippitelli A, Marcus JL, Mielke-Maday HK, Zribi G, Rainey AN, Kieffer BL, Pradhan AA, Toll L. NOP receptor agonist attenuates nitroglycerin-induced migraine-like symptoms in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108029. [PMID: 32278976 PMCID: PMC7243257 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is an extraordinarily prevalent and disabling headache disorder that affects one billion people worldwide. Throbbing pain is one of several migraine symptoms including sensitivity to light (photophobia), sometimes to sounds, smell and touch. The basic mechanisms underlying migraine remain inadequately understood, and current treatments (with triptans being the primary standard of care) are not well tolerated by some patients. NOP (Nociceptin OPioid) receptors, the fourth member of the opioid receptor family, are expressed in the brain and periphery with particularly high expression known to be in trigeminal ganglia (TG). The aim of our study was to further explore the involvement of the NOP receptor system in migraine. To this end, we used immunohistochemistry to examine NOP receptor distribution in TG and trigeminal nucleus caudalus (TNC) in mice, including colocalization with specific cellular markers, and used nitroglycerin (NTG) models of migraine to assess the influence of the selective NOP receptor agonist, Ro 64-6198, on NTG-induced pain (sensitivity of paw and head using von Frey filaments) and photophobia in mice. Our immunohistochemical studies with NOP-eGFP knock-in mice indicate that NOP receptors are on the majority of neurons in the TG and are also very highly expressed in the TNC. In addition, Ro 64-6198 can dose dependently block NTG-induced paw and head allodynia, an effect that is blocked by the NOP antagonist, SB-612111. Moreover, Ro 64-6198, can decrease NTG-induced light sensitivity in mice. These results suggest that NOP receptor agonists should be futher explored as treatment for migraine symptoms. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Targowska-Duda
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States; Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Akihiko Ozawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Zachariah Bertels
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Jason L Marcus
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Hanna K Mielke-Maday
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Gilles Zribi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Amanda N Rainey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, Dep. of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lawrence Toll
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States.
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Jahangir S, Adjepong D, Al-Shami HA, Malik BH. Is There an Association Between Migraine and Major Depressive Disorder? A Narrative Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e8551. [PMID: 32670688 PMCID: PMC7357317 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies on the association of migraine with depression are published. The comorbidity may upgrade health conditions up to a critical degree. Besides, the duration of symptoms and treatment may be prolonged. Moreover, these conditions can force substantial financial and social hardships on patients and their families. In this literature review, we intend to examine the evidence obtained on the possible associations between migraine and major depressive disorder (MDD). This review is focused on aminergic neurons. One of the variables associated with patients who experience both of these two diseases might have a history of assault. In migraine and MDD patients, genetic evidence, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), was found to be one of the associations. Another theory concluded that actual headache diagnosed in patients who received no treatment manifests a history of anxiety, and later, the patients display severe somatic symptoms. In conclusion, there is a robust molecular genetic background, explaining the relationship between migraines and MDD. This correlated data renders a combination of both diagnoses as single separate entities. However, further studies are encouraged to point out the issue of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Jahangir
- Neuroscience, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dennis Adjepong
- Neurological Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Bilal Haider Malik
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Torres-Ferrús M, Ursitti F, Alpuente-Ruiz A, Brunello F, Chiappino D, de Vries T, Di Marco S, Ferlisi S, Guerritore L, Gonzalez-Garcia N, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Khutorov D, Kritsilis M, Kyrou A, Makeeva T, Minguez-Olaondo A, Pilati L, Serrien A, Tsurkalenko O, Van den Abbeele D, van Hoogstraten WS, Lampl C. From transformation to chronification of migraine: pathophysiological and clinical aspects. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:42. [PMID: 32349653 PMCID: PMC7189559 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by 15 or more headache days per month of which at least 8 days show typical migraine features. The process that describes the development from episodic migraine into chronic migraine is commonly referred to as migraine transformation or chronification. Ample studies have attempted to identify factors associated with migraine transformation from different perspectives. Understanding CM as a pathological brain state with trigeminovascular participation where biological changes occur, we have completed a comprehensive review on the clinical, epidemiological, genetic, molecular, structural, functional, physiological and preclinical evidence available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Torres-Ferrús
- Headache and Craniofacial Pain Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Ursitti
- Headache Center, Child Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesu’ Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Alpuente-Ruiz
- Headache and Craniofacial Pain Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Brunello
- Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - D. Chiappino
- Department of Internal medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - T. de Vries
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Di Marco
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S. Ferlisi
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - L. Guerritore
- Department of Internal medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy
| | - N. Gonzalez-Garcia
- Headache and Craniofacial Pain Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Gonzalez-Martinez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa & Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - D. Khutorov
- Department of Clinical Neurology and Sleep Medicine, The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine of EMERCOM of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A. Kyrou
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T. Makeeva
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical center “New Medical Technologies”, Voronezh, Russia
| | - A. Minguez-Olaondo
- Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital of Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Quironsalud Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - L. Pilati
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A. Serrien
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - O. Tsurkalenko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk medical akademy MOH Ukraine”, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | | | - W. S. van Hoogstraten
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. Lampl
- Headache Medical Center Linz, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - On behalf of School of Advanced Studies of European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS)
- Headache and Craniofacial Pain Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Center, Child Neurology Unit, Bambino Gesu’ Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Juvenile Headache Centre, Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Internal medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome, Sapienza, Italy
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Headache and Craniofacial Pain Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa & Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neurology and Sleep Medicine, The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine of EMERCOM of Russia, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Grevena General Hospital, Grevena, Greece
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, Switzerland
- Headache Unit, Department of Neurology, Medical center “New Medical Technologies”, Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital of Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Quironsalud Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk medical akademy MOH Ukraine”, Dnipro, Ukraine
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Headache Medical Center Linz, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
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19
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Park HJ, Kwak M, Baek SH. Neuroprotective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaves on glutamate-induced oxidative cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112518. [PMID: 31884031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendropanax morbifera (DM) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for migraines. Glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress have emerged as the possible triggers implicated in migraine pathogenesis. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to examine the neuroprotective effects of DM leaves (DML) on glutamate-induced oxidative cell death in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molecular authentication of DML was assessed using DNA barcoding analysis. Four different solvent extracts of DML were prepared and subjected to antioxidant activity and phytochemical assays. Neuroprotective effects of DML extracts were evaluated using relevant biochemical and imaging assays that measure cell viability/death, ROS generation, Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial dysfunction, and AIF nuclear translocation. RESULTS The sequences of matK, rbcL, atpF-H, and psbK-I in DML were identical with those in voucher specimens, confirming that DML was indeed D. morbifera. The ethyl acetate extract of DML (DMLE) showed the highest flavonoid and phenolic content, and prominent DPPH/superoxide radical scavenging and reducing power activities. In the HT22 cell model, glutamate was shown to be the causative agent for apoptotic cell death via elevation of intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels, induction of mitochondrial depolarization and membrane permeabilization, and translocation of AIF to the nucleus. Of note, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and necrostatin-1, but not z-VAD-fmk, completely prevented glutamate-induced cell death, implying that oxidative stress and AIF translocation were pivotal in glutamate cytotoxicity. DMLE significantly recovered glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. It completely inhibited intracellular/mitochondrial ROS generation, the elevation of Ca2+ levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by glutamate during early exposure within 8 h. It significantly reversed subsequent AIF nuclear translocation after 12 h of treatment. Antioxidant activities of DMLE may be the protective mechanism that regulates homeostatic balance of ROS and Ca2+ as well as maintains mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS DMLE shows significant neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced oxidative neuronal cell death. Therefore, DM could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurological disorders propagated by glutamate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myounghai Kwak
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Peirs C, Dallel R, Todd AJ. Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cutaneous mechanical allodynia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:505-525. [PMID: 32239353 PMCID: PMC7148279 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal horns of the spinal cord and the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem contain neuron populations that are critical to process sensory information. Neurons in these areas are highly heterogeneous in their morphology, molecular phenotype and intrinsic properties, making it difficult to identify functionally distinct cell populations, and to determine how these are engaged in pathophysiological conditions. There is a growing consensus concerning the classification of neuron populations, based on transcriptomic and transductomic analyses of the dorsal horn. These approaches have led to the discovery of several molecularly defined cell types that have been implicated in cutaneous mechanical allodynia, a highly prevalent and difficult-to-treat symptom of chronic pain, in which touch becomes painful. The main objective of this review is to provide a contemporary view of dorsal horn neuronal populations, and describe recent advances in our understanding of on how they participate in cutaneous mechanical allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Peirs
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Radhouane Dallel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J Todd
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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21
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van Hoogstraten WS, MaassenVanDenBrink A. The need for new acutely acting antimigraine drugs: moving safely outside acute medication overuse. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:54. [PMID: 31096904 PMCID: PMC6734450 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-1007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of migraine is impeded by several difficulties, among which insufficient headache relief, side effects, and risk for developing medication overuse headache (MOH). Thus, new acutely acting antimigraine drugs are currently being developed, among which the small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists, gepants, and the 5-HT1F receptor agonist lasmiditan. Whether treatment with these drugs carries the same risk for developing MOH is currently unknown. Main body Pathophysiological studies on MOH in animal models have suggested that decreased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) levels, increased calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) expression and changes in 5-HT receptor expression (lower 5-HT1B/D and higher 5-HT2A expression) may be involved in MOH. The decreased 5-HT may increase cortical spreading depression frequency and induce central sensitization in the cerebral cortex and caudal nucleus of the trigeminal tract. Additionally, low concentrations of 5-HT, a feature often observed in MOH patients, could increase CGRP expression. This provides a possible link between the pathways of 5-HT and CGRP, targets of lasmiditan and gepants, respectively. Since lasmiditan is a 5-HT1F receptor agonist and gepants are CGRP receptor antagonists, they could have different risks for developing MOH because of the different (over) compensation mechanisms following prolonged agonist versus antagonist treatment. Conclusion The acute treatment of migraine will certainly improve with the advent of two novel classes of drugs, i.e., the 5-HT1F receptor agonists (lasmiditan) and the small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists (gepants). Data on the effects of 5-HT1F receptor agonism in relation to MOH, as well as the effects of chronic CGRP receptor blockade, are awaited with interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Div. of Pharmacology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Harriott AM, Takizawa T, Chung DY, Chen SP. Spreading depression as a preclinical model of migraine. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:45. [PMID: 31046659 PMCID: PMC6734429 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-1001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is a slowly propagating wave of near-complete depolarization of neurons and glial cells across the cortex. SD is thought to contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of migraine aura, and possibly also an intrinsic brain activity causing migraine headache. Experimental models of SD have recapitulated multiple migraine-related phenomena and are considered highly translational. In this review, we summarize conventional and novel methods to trigger SD, with specific focus on optogenetic methods. We outline physiological triggers that might affect SD susceptibility, review a multitude of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral consequences of SD, and elaborate their relevance to migraine pathophysiology. The possibility of constructing a recurrent episodic or chronic migraine model using SD is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Harriott
- Neurovascular Research Lab, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Neurovascular Research Lab, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Lab, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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