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Ma S, Xu Y, Xu S, Guo Z. The effect of physical fitness on psychological health: evidence from Chinese university students. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1365. [PMID: 38773390 PMCID: PMC11106851 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite frequent discussions on the link between physical and mental health, the specific impact of physical fitness on mental well-being is yet to be fully established. METHOD This study, carried out between January 2022 and August 2023, involved 4,484 Chinese University students from eight universities located in various regions of China. It aimed to examine the association between physical fitness on psychological well-being. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between physical fitness indicators (e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI), vital capacity, and endurance running) and mental health, assessed using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). All procedures were ethically approved, and participants consented to take part in. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running scores significantly influence mental health indicators. Specifically, a 1-point increase in BMI increases the likelihood of an abnormal psychological state by 10.9%, while a similar increase in vital capacity and endurance running decreases the risk by 2.1% and 4.1%, respectively. In contrast, reaction time, lower limb explosiveness, flexibility, and muscle strength showed no significant effects on psychological states (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Improvements in BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running capabilities are associated with better mental health outcomes, highlighting their potential importance in enhancing overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Ma
- College of Public Administration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yanqi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Nonferrous Metal Deposits and Efficient Utilization of Resources, Ministry of Education, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Simao Xu
- College of Sports Medicine and health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 61004, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- Public physical education Department, Guangxi Arts and Crafts School, Liuzhou, 545005, China
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Elce V, Del Pizzo A, Nigro E, Frisso G, Martiniello L, Daniele A, Elce A. Impact of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functions: A New Field for Research and Management of Cystic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070489. [PMID: 32708398 PMCID: PMC7400241 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease inherited by an autosomal recessive mechanism and characterized by a progressive and severe multi-organ failure. Mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein cause duct obstructions from dense mucus secretions and chronic inflammation related to organ damage. The progression of the disease is characterized by a decline of lung function associated with metabolic disorders and malnutrition, musculoskeletal disorders and thoracic deformities, leading to a progressive decrement of the individual’s quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) qualifies Physical Activity (PA) as a structured activity produced by skeletal muscles’ movements that requires energy consumption. In the last decade, the number of studies on PA increased considerably, including those investigating the effects of exercise on cognitive and brain health and mental performance. PA is recommended in CF management guidelines, since it improves clinic outcomes, such as peripheral neuropathy, oxygen uptake peak, bone health, glycemic control and respiratory functions. Several studies regarding the positive effects of exercise in patients with Cystic Fibrosis were carried out, but the link between the effects of exercise and cognitive and brain health in CF remains unclear. Animal models showed that exercise might improve learning and memory through structural changes of brain architecture, and such a causal relationship can also be described in humans. Indeed, both morphological and environmental factors seem to be involved in exercise-induced neural plasticity. An increase of gray matter volume in specific areas is detectable as a consequence of regular training in humans. Neurobiological processes associated with brain function improvements include biochemical modifications, such as neuromodulator or neurohormone release, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production and synaptic activity changes. From a functional point of view, PA also seems to be an environmental factor enhancing cognitive abilities, such as executive functions, memory and processing speed. This review describes the current state of research regarding the impacts of physical activity and exercise on cognitive functions, introducing a possible novel field of research for optimizing the management of Cystic Fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Elce
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza San Francesco 19, 55100 Lucca, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Del Pizzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 81110 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giulia Frisso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Martiniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 81110 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ausilia Elce
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Berghoff CR, Tull MT, DiLillo D, Messman-Moore T, Gratz KL. The Role of Experiential Avoidance in the Relation between Anxiety Disorder Diagnoses and Future Physical Health Symptoms in a Community Sample of Young Adult Women. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2017; 6:29-34. [PMID: 28630827 PMCID: PMC5473660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with an anxiety disorder report more physical health problems than those without an anxiety disorder. Few studies have examined the relation of anxiety disorders to later physical health symptoms, or the processes that may explain this relation. One process of interest is experiential avoidance (EA), which is commonly reported in populations characterized by high anxiety and often leads to health-compromising behaviors. The present study examined the relations between anxiety disorder diagnostic status, EA, and physical health symptoms in a community sample of young adult women. Results revealed a significant association between an anxiety disorder diagnosis and physical health problems four months later. Furthermore, levels of EA accounted for this relation. Findings highlight the potential utility of targeting EA as a method for improving health outcomes among individuals with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T. Tull
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - David DiLillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Kim L. Gratz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Matte DL, Pizzichini MMM, Hoepers ATC, Diaz AP, Karloh M, Dias M, Pizzichini E. Prevalence of depression in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies. Respir Med 2016; 117:154-61. [PMID: 27492526 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is frequently reported in association with COPD. However, the prevalence of depression in these patients ranges largely. This study aimed to systematically review the prevalence of depression in COPD and controls and to explore remaining causes of inter-study variability in the reported prevalence. METHODS A systemic review of the literature and a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the source of variability in the reported rates of depression in stable COPD. Main eligibility criteria were: controlled studies with a sample size >100, outpatients with COPD diagnosed by spirometry and, use of a validated depression screening instrument. RESULTS From 1613 studies identified, eight controlled studies were included in the review. The number of participants in the pooled studies was of 5.552 COPD subjects and 5.211 controls. Using stricter criteria for study selection reduced the variability of the depression prevalence in COPD and controls, which was 27.1% [25.9-28.3] in COPD subjects and 10.0% [9.2-10.8] in the control group. The pooled odds ratio and 95% CI was 3.74 [2.4-5.9]. However, the heterogeneity across studies was high. Possible explanatory factor included sample sizes, COPD/controls ratio, smoker's/nonsmokers ratio and qualitative differences (source of subjects, instruments to screen depression, COPD severity, smoking status, and comorbidities). CONCLUSION The study highlights the variability in estimates of depression prevalence in COPD. It could be explained by methodological differences across the included studies. This suggests that a standardization is critical to improve precision of the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlan L Matte
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science and Sports Center, State of Santa Catarina University (UDESC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcia M M Pizzichini
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Andrea T C Hoepers
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Manuela Karloh
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mirella Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Emilio Pizzichini
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Chaudhary SC, Nanda S, Tripathi A, Sawlani KK, Gupta KK, Himanshu D, Verma AK. Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Lung India 2016; 33:174-8. [PMID: 27051106 PMCID: PMC4797437 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.177441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety and depression have been reported to have an increased prevalence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but there is a paucity of data from India. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aim of our study is to study the frequency of psychiatric comorbidities in COPD patients and their correlation with severity of COPD, as per global initiative for obstructive lung disease guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted in outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital (King George's Medical University). A total of 74 COPD patients were included in this study and compared with 74 controls. The diagnosis and severity of COPD were assessed by spirometry. Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview questionnaire. RESULTS The frequency of psychiatric comorbidities was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in COPD patients (28.4%) as compared to controls (2.7%). As regards to severity, the frequency was significantly increased in severe and very severe COPD. The frequency of psychiatric comorbidities in COPD patients increased significantly with the increase in duration of symptoms being present in 67% of patients with duration of symptoms more than 10 years and only 23% of patients with duration of symptoms ≤5 years. CONCLUSION The frequency of psychiatric comorbidities is increased in COPD patients as compared to controls. We recommend that all patients with COPD should be screened for psychiatric comorbidity, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Chand Chaudhary
- Department of General Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyan Nanda
- Department of General Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adarsh Tripathi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Sawlani
- Department of General Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of General Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Himanshu
- Department of General Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Verma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE I sought to determine how medical comorbidities co-exist with incident psychiatric condition. METHOD I used data from all 11 available waves (1992-2012) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). I identified 4,358 index participants with self-reported incident psychiatric condition. I collected comorbidity data from participants preceding, including, and succeeding that incident wave. Comorbidities assessed included high blood pressure (HBP), diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung disease, heart disease, stroke, and arthritis. Modified Poisson regression combined with log-linked binomial regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) of reporting a comorbidity preceding and following the incident wave. Multiple comparison testing dictated significance of RRs with p < .007. RESULTS For the waves preceding the index wave, the RRs of reporting all comorbidities except HBP and cancer were significantly (p < .007) increased. For the waves following incident psychiatric condition, the risks of reporting heart disease, diabetes, and lung disease were significantly (p < .007) increased. These results were adjusted for participant age, race, gender, other comorbidities listed, and the wave in which a comorbidity was reported. CONCLUSION The bidirectional association between a psychiatric condition and medical illnesses could only be statistically confirmed for lung disease, diabetes, and heart disease. It is of interest to determine how reporting a psychiatric condition may affect the sequelae of health care use and treatment outcomes for patients with either of these comorbidities or a combination of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Fluegge
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Silva Júnior JLR, Conde MB, de Sousa Corrêa K, da Silva C, da Silva Prestes L, Rabahi MF. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score as a predictor of major depression among subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mild hypoxemia: a case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:186. [PMID: 25430559 PMCID: PMC4287537 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common comorbidity among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and has a significant impact on the course of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine association between COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and major depression among clinically stable out-patient COPD subjects with mild hypoxemia. METHODS Case-control study. Cases were 30 patients with major depression and controls were 30 patients without depression. Major depression was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria by a psychiatric evaluation. All possible predictive variables were included in a multivariate logistic regression model to assess the association between major depression and each independent variable, while controlling for the sleep parameters. RESULTS CAT score >20 was associated with major depression (OR 7.88; 95% CI 1.96 - 31.7; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION CAT score >20 was associated with major depression, suggesting CAT as a predictor variable of major depression among COPD patients with mild hypoxemia, and indicating that an additional specific evaluation for the presence of major depression should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Laerte R Silva Júnior
- />Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goias/UFG, Goiania, Brazil
- />Clínica do Aparelho Respiratório (CLARE), Av. B, n 483 setor oeste, 74110-030 Goiania, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christina da Silva
- />Clínica do Aparelho Respiratório (CLARE), Av. B, n 483 setor oeste, 74110-030 Goiania, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Silva Prestes
- />Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goias/UFG, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Fouad Rabahi
- />Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goias/UFG, Goiania, Brazil
- />Clínica do Aparelho Respiratório (CLARE), Av. B, n 483 setor oeste, 74110-030 Goiania, Brazil
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Brennan JJ, Chan TC, Hsia RY, Wilson MP, Castillo EM. Emergency department utilization among frequent users with psychiatric visits. Acad Emerg Med 2014; 21:1015-22. [PMID: 25269582 DOI: 10.1111/acem.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the incidence of psychiatric visits among frequent emergency department (ED) users and utilization among frequent psychiatric users. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective longitudinal study of 1.76 million adult ED visits from acute care hospitals serving the metropolitan San Diego region (2008 through 2010) using nonpublic data submitted to the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. Frequent users were defined as having at least four ED visits within 12 consecutive months and were further classified into three groups based on the number of primary psychiatric visits in the same period, as defined by the primary discharge diagnosis (zero, one to three, and four or more visits). Descriptive, univariate, and logistic regression analyses are reported. RESULTS Patients with at least one primary psychiatric visit were 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.5 to 4.7) times more likely to be frequent ED users compared to patients with none. However, the majority of frequent ED users (80.1%) did not have any primary psychiatric visits; 16.6% of frequent ED users were classified as occasional psychiatric users, and only 3.3% were classified as frequent psychiatric users. Compared to frequent users without primary psychiatric visits, frequent psychiatric users were more likely to be male, non-Hispanic white, and without private insurance and visited the ED more frequently. Frequent psychiatric users also suffered from psychiatric, medical, and substance abuse comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS While patients with primary psychiatric visits were more likely to be frequent users of the ED, only a small percentage of frequent ED users were seen primarily and repeatedly for psychiatric care. However, this small group of frequent psychiatric users visited the ED at a much higher rate than other frequent users and was burdened with both chronic medical and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J. Brennan
- The Departments of Emergency Medicine; University of California at San Diego; San Diego CA
| | - Theodore C. Chan
- The Departments of Emergency Medicine; University of California at San Diego; San Diego CA
| | - Renee Y. Hsia
- The University of California at San Francisco; San Francisco CA
| | - Michael P. Wilson
- The Departments of Emergency Medicine; University of California at San Diego; San Diego CA
| | - Edward M. Castillo
- The Departments of Emergency Medicine; University of California at San Diego; San Diego CA
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The association of family social support, depression, anxiety and self-efficacy with specific hypertension self-care behaviours in Chinese local community. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:198-203. [PMID: 25008000 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the role of family social support, depression, anxiety and self-efficacy on specific self-care behaviours. In a local community health center, 318 patients with hypertension completed a questionnaire assessing self-care, family social support, depression, anxiety and self-efficacy in 2012. Each self-care behaviour was separately analyzed with logistic regression models. The mean score of perceived family social support for hypertension treatment was 20.91 (maximum=60). Adult children were identified as the primary support source. Approximately 22.3% and 15.4% of participants reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. Participants had moderately positive levels of confidence performing self-care (42.1±13.3 out of 60). After adjusting for demographic and health variables, a 10-unit increase in family social support increased the odds ratio (OR) of taking medication by 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.87) and increased the OR for measuring blood pressure (BP) regularly by 1.33 (95% CI 1.02-1.74). Depression and anxiety were not associated with any self-care behaviours. A10-unit increase in self-efficacy increased the adjusted OR for performing physical exercise to 1.25 (95% CI 1.04-1.49). In conclusion, family social support was positively associated with medication adherence and regular BP measurement. Strategies to improve family social support should be developed for hypertension control, yet further prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of family social support, depression, anxiety and self-efficacy on self-care behaviours.
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Verma S, Cardenas-Garcia J, Mohapatra PR, Talwar A. Depression in pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung diseases. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 6:240-9. [PMID: 25006558 PMCID: PMC4083524 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.134368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced lung diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are chronic diseases that cause significantly high morbidity and mortality. As a result, patients can undergo some psychological changes leading to a poor quality of life and depression. Diagnosis of depression is often obscured because fatigue and apathy, two common symptoms of depression, frequently overlap with PAH and ILD. Healthcare providers are sometimes reluctant to ask or mistakenly believe that these symptoms are part of the ongoing disease process, rather than a serious condition like depression. Screening tools are available for physicians to be well positioned in recognizing clinical depression in PAH and ILD. A MedLine/PubMED search was performed identifying all relevant articles with “PAH”, “ILD”, “screening tools” and/or “Depression” in the title. The aim of this review is to provide a brief description of some of the instruments used to screen patients and classes of psychotropic medications accessible to physicians. While pulmonary rehabilitation programs can have a positive impact on patients, physicians should also utilize cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of regular care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Verma
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Jose Cardenas-Garcia
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
| | - Prasanta R Mohapatra
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Sijua, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Arunabh Talwar
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, New York, USA
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Loprinzi PD. Objectively measured light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower depression levels among older US adults. Aging Ment Health 2014; 17:801-5. [PMID: 23731057 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2013.801066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have a limited understanding of the epidemiological association between objectively measured physical activity and depression among older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and depression symptoms among a nationally representative sample of US older adults. METHODS Data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. 708 older adults (65+ years) wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer for at least 4 days, and completed data on the study covariates along with depression, as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS After controlling for age, gender, race-ethnicity, body mass index, marital status, education, comorbidity index, and physical functioning, for every 60-minute increase in light-intensity physical activity, participants were 20% (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67-0.95; p = 0.01) less likely to be depressed. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was also inversely associated with depression (OR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that promoting physical activity, even light-intensity physical activity, may have positive mental health effects among older adults. Future prospective and experimental studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Exercise Science, Donna & Allan Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Tucker G, Adams R, Wilson D. Results from several population studies show that recommended scoring methods of the SF-36 and the SF-12 may lead to incorrect conclusions and subsequent health decisions. Qual Life Res 2014; 23:2195-203. [PMID: 24648191 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-014-0669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the measurement properties of the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-36 and SF-12 based on the traditional orthogonal scoring algorithms with the performance of the PCS and MCS scored based on structural equation model coefficients from a correlated model. METHODS This study used three large-scale representative population studies to compare the measurement properties of the PCS and MCS scores of the SF-36 and SF-12 with the performance of the PCS and MCS scores based on structural equation models producing coefficients from a correlated model. We assessed the relationships of these scores with selected important mental health measures and chronic conditions from three representative Australian population studies that address clinical conditions of high prevalence and health service importance. RESULTS Structural equation model scoring methods produced summary scores with higher correlations than the recommended orthogonal methods across a range of disease and health conditions. The problem experienced in using the orthogonal methods is that negative scoring coefficients are applied to negative z-scores for sub-scales, inflating the resulting summary scores. Effect sizes over a half of a standard deviation were common. CONCLUSIONS If health policy or investment decisions are made based on the results of studies employing the recommended orthogonal scoring methods then the expected outcome of such decisions or investments may not be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Tucker
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,
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Bhattacharya R, Shen C, Sambamoorthi U. Excess risk of chronic physical conditions associated with depression and anxiety. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:10. [PMID: 24433257 PMCID: PMC3902063 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety have been reported to be associated with chronic physical conditions. We examined the excess risk of chronic physical conditions associated with depression and/or anxiety within a multivariate framework controlling for demographic and modifiable lifestyle risk factors. METHODS We used a retrospective cross-sectional study design. Study participants were adults aged 22-64 years from 2007 and 2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We defined presence of depression-anxiety based on self-reported depression and anxiety and classified adults into 4 groups: 1) depression only; 2) anxiety only; 3) comorbid depression and anxiety 4) no depression and no anxiety. We included presence/absence of arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis as dependent variables. Complementary log-log regressions were used to examine the excess risk associated with depression and/or anxiety for chronic physical conditions using a multivariate framework that controlled for demographic (gender, age, race/ethnicity) and modifiable lifestyle (obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking) risk factors. Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied and p ≤0.007 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Overall, 7% had only depression, 5.2% had only anxiety and 2.5% had comorbid depression and anxiety. Results from multivariable regressions indicated that compared to individuals with no depression and no anxiety, individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety, with depression only and with anxiety only, all had higher risk of all the chronic physical conditions. ARRs for comorbid depression and anxiety ranged from 2.47 (95% CI: 1.47, 4.15; P = 0.0007) for osteoporosis to 1.64 (95% CI: 1.33, 2.04; P < 0.0001) for diabetes. Presence of depression only was also found to be significantly associated with all chronic conditions except for osteoporosis. Individuals with anxiety only were found to have a higher risk for arthritis, COPD, heart disease and hypertension. CONCLUSION Presence of depression and/or anxiety conferred an independent risk for having chronic physical conditions after adjusting for demographic and modifiable lifestyle risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, P,O, Box 9510, Morgantown, WV 26506-9510, USA.
| | - Chan Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9510, Morgantown, WV 26506-9510, USA,Center For Cardiovascular And Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Liao SY, Lin X, Christiani DC. Gene-environment interaction effects on lung function- a genome-wide association study within the Framingham heart study. Environ Health 2013; 12:101. [PMID: 24289273 PMCID: PMC3882096 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in occupational exposure and lung function have focused only on the main effect of occupational exposure or genetics on lung function. Some disease-susceptible genes may be missed due to their low marginal effects, despite potential involvement in the disease process through interactions with the environment. Through comprehensive genome-wide gene-environment interaction studies, we can uncover these susceptibility genes. Our objective in this study was to explore gene by occupational exposure interaction effects on lung function using both the individual SNPs approach and the genetic network approach. METHODS The study population comprised the Offspring Cohort and the Third Generation from the Framingham Heart Study. We used forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) as outcomes. Occupational exposures were classified using a population-specific job exposure matrix. We performed genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis, using the Affymetrix 550 K mapping array for genotyping. A linear regression-based generalized estimating equation was applied to account for within-family relatedness. Network analysis was conducted using results from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level analyses and from gene expression study results. RESULTS There were 4,785 participants in total. SNP-level analysis and network analysis identified SNP rs9931086 (P(interaction) =1.16 × 10(-7)) in gene SLC38A8, which may significantly modify the effects of occupational exposure on FEV1. Genes identified from the network analysis included CTLA-4, HDAC, and PPAR-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our study implies that SNP rs9931086 in SLC38A8 and genes CTLA-4, HDAC, and PPAR-alpha, which are related to inflammatory processes, may modify the effect of occupational exposure on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Loprinzi PD, Walker JF, Kane C, Cardinal BJ. Physical activity moderates the association between nicotine dependence and depression among U.S. smokers. Am J Health Promot 2013; 29:37-42. [PMID: 24200248 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.130301-quan-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research demonstrates that nicotine dependence and depression are associated and that physical activity is effective in reducing depression symptoms. However, our understanding of the potential beneficial effects of physical activity on depression in current smokers is more limited. The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity moderates the association between nicotine dependence and depression in U.S. smokers. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. SUBJECTS Four hundred forty-one current adult smokers. MEASURES Participants wore an accelerometer for at least 4 days and completed questionnaires to assess nicotine dependence and depression. ANALYSIS Effect modification and statistical interaction models were used. RESULTS Both models were significant. With regard to the statistical interaction model, and after controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, comorbidity index, homocysteine, cotinine, total cholesterol, sedentary behavior, and vitamins C, D, and E, objectively measured physical activity moderated the association between nicotine dependence and depression (interaction variable: odds ratio = 3.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-11.51; p = .04). CONCLUSION In this national sample of current smokers, physical activity moderated the association between nicotine dependence and depression. These results suggest that those individuals with nicotine dependence and who are less physically active are more likely to be depressed than what would be expected on the basis of the individual effects of nicotine and physical inactivity separately.
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Loprinzi PD, Kane C, Walker JF. Association between physical activity and major depressive disorder among current or former smokers with pulmonary disease. Prev Med 2013; 57:545-9. [PMID: 23867715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between physical activity and major depressive disorder (MDD) in a nationally representative sample of current or former smokers with pulmonary impairments. METHODS The analyzed sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 included 536 adults who indicated that they were current or former smokers, had at least mild pulmonary impairment (FEV1/FVC<0.70), and provided depression and physical activity data. RESULTS After controlling for asthma status, pulmonary impairment, age, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), education, gender, marital status, body mass index (BMI), cotinine, comorbidity index, race-ethnicity, and smoking status, those who met physical activity guidelines had a 59% (odds ratio (OR)=0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18-0.94) lower odds of having MDD. Using multivariate linear regression with depression symptoms as the outcome variable, and after adjustments, physical activity was inversely associated with depression symptoms in a dose-response manner; lowest tertile was the referent group, middle tertile coefficient: -1.06 (95% CI: -1.98 to -0.14), and highest tertile coefficient: -1.10 (95% CI: -1.84 to -0.34). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity inversely associates with MDD in adults with pulmonary impairments, and does so in a dose-response manner. This suggests that individuals with pulmonary impairments should be encouraged to engage in enjoyable, safe forms of physical activity in a progressive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Exercise Science, Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY 40205, USA.
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Peltzer K, Naidoo P, Matseke G, Louw J, Mchunu G, Tutshana B. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms and associated factors in tuberculosis (TB), TB retreatment and/or TB–HIV co-infected primary public health-care patients in three districts in South Africa. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2013; 18:387-97. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2012.726364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Spitzer C, Gläser S, Grabe HJ, Ewert R, Barnow S, Felix SB, Freyberger HJ, Völzke H, Koch B, Schäper C. Mental health problems, obstructive lung disease and lung function: findings from the general population. J Psychosom Res 2011; 71:174-9. [PMID: 21843753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is cumulative evidence for a strong association of obstructive lung disease, i.e. asthma and COPD, with poor mental health, particularly with anxiety disorders and major depression. However, studies relating mental health problems to objective measures of lung function as assessed by spirometry are lacking. METHODS The 12-month prevalence of specific psychopathological syndromes among 1772 adults from the general population was estimated by a structured interview. Additionally, participants underwent spirometry and were asked about obstructive lung disease in the year prior to the study. Logistic and linear regression models were used to relate obstructive lung disease and spirometrically defined airway obstruction to mental health problems. RESULTS Mental health problems were found in 35.7% of the participants. After adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical and life-style factors, asthma and chronic bronchitis were associated with almost all domains of mental health problems. In contrast, independent of its definition, spirometric airflow limitation was only related to generalized anxiety (odds ratios ranging from 2.3 to 2.7). A reduced ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity was associated with mental health problems in general and panic and general anxiety in particular. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an association of objective measure of airflow limitation to generalized anxiety and panic. While the causal relationship between obstructive lung disease, airflow limitation and anxiety remains to be determined, clinicians should pay diagnostic attention to the significant overlap of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Spitzer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg-Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany.
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Bergsten Brucefors A, Hjelte L, Hochwälder J. Mental health and sense of coherence among Swedish adults with cystic fibrosis. Scand J Caring Sci 2010; 25:365-72. [PMID: 21087293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe mental health among adult Swedish patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to study if mental health and the salutogene factor sense of coherence (SOC) intercorrelate with good medical status. Women and men were compared. The patient group (n=59) attended the Stockholm CF Center. Mental health was measured with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the salutogenesis by SOC-3. Medical status included forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second in per cent of predicted as well as Body Mass Index. The differences within and between groups were tested with t-tests and the relations between the variables were described by Spearman's correlation coefficient. The patients had on the whole good mental health, but the group with a risk of mental ill-health (n=19) experienced life as difficult to manage, meaningless and hard to understand compared to the group with a small risk of mental ill-health (n=40). Women at risk of mental ill-health (n=10) experienced difficulties in managing life to a greater extent than women with a small risk of mental ill-health (n=16). Men at risk of mental ill-health (n=9) found life hard to understand. Mental health and SOC did not correlate significantly with the medical status of the CF patients. The conclusion was that there were comparably few problems of mental health among the patients with CF. The problems that were found were not related to the seriousness of their CF. Women had a more complex pattern of problems in mental health and SOC than men had.
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