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Zanchi MM, Marins K, Zamoner A. Could pesticide exposure be implicated in the high incidence rates of depression, anxiety and suicide in farmers? A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121888. [PMID: 37244531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure and poisoning may rise the risk of mental health problems and suicidal tendencies. To explore the potential connection between chronic occupational exposure to pesticides and depression, anxiety, and suicide-related outcomes in farmers, a systematic review was performed. Systematic review protocol is available in PROSPERO registration number CRD42022316285. A total of fifty-seven studies met inclusion criteria: twenty-nine on depression or other mental disorders, twelve on suicide (two of them on both depression and suicide), and fourteen on pesticide poisoning or self-poisoning and death. Among the fifty-seven selected studies, eighteen were conducted in Asia, seventeen in North America, fourteen in South America, seven in European Union, one in Africa, and one in Australia/Oceania. Selected studies demonstrated an increased prevalence of depressive disorders in farmworkers exposed to pesticides as well as an increased self-reported prevalence of depression in this population. Moreover, previous pesticide poisoning increased the risk estimates for depression or other mental disorders as compared with chronic pesticide exposure. Severe pesticide poisoning and multiple poisoning showed increased risks of depressive symptoms compared with milder cases. In addition, financial difficulties and poor health were positively correlated with depression. Among studies on suicide, nine of them found that suicide rates increased in areas devoted to agriculture with intensive pesticide consumption. Moreover, studies demonstrate a higher suicide risk among farmers. The present review suggests more attention to the farmer's mental health and more detailed studies on occupational exposure to the mixture of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Magalhães Zanchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Katiuska Marins
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Pharmacy Graduate Course, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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2
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Brandenburg C, Griswold AJ, Van Booven DJ, Kilander MBC, Frei JA, Nestor MW, Dykxhoorn DM, Pericak-Vance MA, Blatt GJ. Transcriptomic analysis of isolated and pooled human postmortem cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism spectrum disorders. Front Genet 2022; 13:944837. [PMID: 36437953 PMCID: PMC9683032 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.944837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have not been established. However, studies from human postmortem ASD brains have consistently revealed disruptions in cerebellar circuitry, specifically reductions in Purkinje cell (PC) number and size. Alterations in cerebellar circuitry would have important implications for information processing within the cerebellum and affect a wide range of human motor and non-motor behaviors. Laser capture microdissection was performed to obtain pure PC populations from a cohort of postmortem control and ASD cases and transcriptional profiles were compared. The 427 differentially expressed genes were enriched for gene ontology biological processes related to developmental organization/connectivity, extracellular matrix organization, calcium ion response, immune function and PC signaling alterations. Given the complexity of PCs and their far-ranging roles in response to sensory stimuli and motor function regulation, understanding transcriptional differences in this subset of cerebellar cells in ASD may inform on convergent pathways that impact neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Brandenburg
- Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD, United States
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anthony J. Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Derek J. Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | | | | | - Derek M. Dykxhoorn
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Gene J. Blatt
- Hussman Institute for Autism, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Grasso C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Lazzarato F, Fiano V, Zugna D, Pluta J, Weathers B, D’Andrea K, Almstrup K, Anson-Cartwright L, Bishop DT, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Cortessis VK, Dalgaard MD, Daneshmand S, Ferlin A, Foresta C, Frone MN, Gamulin M, Gietema JA, Greene MH, Grotmol T, Hamilton RJ, Haugen TB, Hauser R, Karlsson R, Kiemeney LA, Lessel D, Lista P, Lothe RA, Loveday C, Meijer C, Nead KT, Nsengimana J, Skotheim RI, Turnbull C, Vaughn DJ, Wiklund F, Zheng T, Zitella A, Schwartz SM, McGlynn KA, Kanetsky PA, Nathanson KL, Richiardi L. Association Study between Polymorphisms in DNA Methylation-Related Genes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1769-1779. [PMID: 35700037 PMCID: PMC9444936 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), histologically classified as seminomas and nonseminomas, are believed to arise from primordial gonocytes, with the maturation process blocked when they are subjected to DNA methylation reprogramming. SNPs in DNA methylation machinery and folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism genes have been postulated to influence the proper establishment of DNA methylation. METHODS In this pathway-focused investigation, we evaluated the association between 273 selected tag SNPs from 28 DNA methylation-related genes and TGCT risk. We carried out association analysis at individual SNP and gene-based level using summary statistics from the Genome Wide Association Study meta-analysis recently conducted by the international Testicular Cancer Consortium on 10,156 TGCT cases and 179,683 controls. RESULTS In individual SNP analyses, seven SNPs, four mapping within MTHFR, were associated with TGCT risk after correction for multiple testing (q ≤ 0.05). Queries of public databases showed that three of these SNPs were associated with MTHFR changes in enzymatic activity (rs1801133) or expression level in testis tissue (rs12121543, rs1476413). Gene-based analyses revealed MTHFR (q = 8.4 × 10-4), methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2; q = 2 × 10-3), and ZBTB4 (q = 0.03) as the top TGCT-associated genes. Stratifying by tumor histology, four MTHFR SNPs were associated with seminoma. In gene-based analysis MTHFR was associated with risk of seminoma (q = 2.8 × 10-4), but not with nonseminomatous tumors (q = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants within MTHFR, potentially having an impact on the DNA methylation pattern, are associated with TGCT risk. IMPACT This finding suggests that TGCT pathogenesis could be associated with the folate cycle status, and this relation could be partly due to hereditary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grasso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Lazzarato
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - John Pluta
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benita Weathers
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lynn Anson-Cartwright
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto and The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlene D. Dalgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Megan N. Frone
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jourik A. Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tom Grotmol
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto and The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trine B. Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lista
- Division of Medical Oncology1, AOU “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Coby Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin T. Nead
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Vaughn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Science, AOU “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
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4
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Supports a Role of CHD8 in Autism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3261. [PMID: 33806835 PMCID: PMC8004931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase domain 8 (CHD8) is one of the most frequently mutated and most penetrant genes in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with CHD8 mutations show leading symptoms of autism, macrocephaly, and facial dysmorphisms. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the early onset and development of these symptoms are still poorly understood and prevent timely and more efficient therapies of patients. Progress in this area will require an understanding of "when, why and how cells deviate from their normal trajectories". High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) directly quantifies information-bearing RNA molecules that enact each cell's biological identity. Here, we discuss recent insights from sc-RNAseq of CRISPR/Cas9-editing of Chd8/CHD8 during mouse neocorticogenesis and human cerebral organoids. Given that the deregulation of the balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in cortical and subcortical circuits is thought to represent a major etiopathogenetic mechanism in ASD, we focus on the question of whether, and to what degree, results from current sc-RNAseq studies support this hypothesis. Beyond that, we discuss the pros and cons of these approaches and further steps to be taken to harvest the full potential of these transformative techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany;
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5
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Chromatin Remodeler CHD8 in Autism and Brain Development. J Clin Med 2021; 10:366. [PMID: 33477995 PMCID: PMC7835889 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding 8 (CHD8) is a high confidence risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and the genetic cause of a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome with the core symptoms of autism, macrocephaly, and facial dysmorphism. The role of CHD8 is well-characterized at the structural, biochemical, and transcriptional level. By contrast, much less is understood regarding how mutations in CHD8 underpin altered brain function and mental disease. Studies on various model organisms have been proven critical to tackle this challenge. Here, we scrutinize recent advances in this field with a focus on phenotypes in transgenic animal models and highlight key findings on neurodevelopment, neuronal connectivity, neurotransmission, synaptic and homeostatic plasticity, and habituation. Against this backdrop, we further discuss how to improve future animal studies, both in terms of technical issues and with respect to the sex-specific effects of Chd8 mutations for neuronal and higher-systems level function. We also consider outstanding questions in the field including 'humanized' mice models, therapeutic interventions, and how the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids might help to address differences in neurodevelopment trajectories between model organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany;
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6
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Hoffmann A, Ziller M, Spengler D. Focus on Causality in ESC/iPSC-Based Modeling of Psychiatric Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:E366. [PMID: 32033412 PMCID: PMC7072492 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an increasing number of genetic variants that significantly associate with psychiatric disorders. Despite this wealth of information, our knowledge of which variants causally contribute to disease, how they interact, and even more so of the functions they regulate, is still poor. The availability of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the advent of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened new opportunities to investigate genetic risk variants in living disease-relevant cells. Here, we analyze how this progress has contributed to the analysis of causal relationships between genetic risk variants and neuronal phenotypes, especially in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Studies on rare, highly penetrant risk variants have originally led the field, until more recently when the development of (epi-) genetic editing techniques spurred studies on cause-effect relationships between common low risk variants and their associated neuronal phenotypes. This reorientation not only offers new insights, but also raises issues on interpretability. Concluding, we consider potential caveats and upcoming developments in the field of ESC/iPSC-based modeling of causality in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dietmar Spengler
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany; (A.H.); (M.Z.)
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7
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. Chromatin Remodeling Complex NuRD in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Genet 2019; 10:682. [PMID: 31396263 PMCID: PMC6667665 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex presents one of the major chromatin remodeling complexes in mammalian cells. Here, we discuss current evidence for NuRD's role as an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression in neural stem cell (NSC) and neural progenitor cell (NPC) fate decisions in brain development. With the formation of the cerebellar and cerebral cortex, NuRD facilitates experience-dependent cerebellar plasticity and regulates additionally cerebral subtype specification and connectivity in postmitotic neurons. Consistent with these properties, genetic variation in NuRD's subunits emerges as important risk factor in common polygenic forms of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and neurodevelopment-related psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). Overall, these findings highlight the critical role of NuRD in chromatin regulation in brain development and in mental health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Epigenomics of Early Life, Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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8
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Epigenetic and Neurological Impairments Associated with Early Life Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:2085496. [PMID: 30733955 PMCID: PMC6348822 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2085496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases worldwide has dramatically increased over the last decades. Although the aetiology remains uncertain, evidence is now growing that exposure to persistent organic pollutants during sensitive neurodevelopmental periods such as early life may be a strong risk factor, predisposing the individual to disease development later in life. Epidemiological studies have associated environmentally persistent organic pollutant exposure to brain disorders including neuropathies, cognitive, motor, and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In many ways, this expands the classical “Developmental Origins of Health and Disease” paradigm to include exposure to pollutants. This model has been refined over the years to give the current “three-hit” model that considers the individual's genetic factors as a first “hit.” It has an immediate interaction with the early-life exposome (including persistent organic pollutants) that can be considered to be a second “hit.” Together, these first two “hits” produce a quiescent or latent phenotype, most probably encoded in the epigenome, which has become susceptible to a third environmental “hit” in later life. It is only after the third “hit” that the increased risk of disease symptoms is crystallised. However, if the individual is exposed to a different environment in later life, they would be expected to remain healthy. In this review, we examine the effect of exposure to persistent organic pollutants and particulate matters in early life and the relationship to subsequent neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The roles of those environmental factors which may affect epigenetic DNA methylation and therefore influence normal neurodevelopment are then evaluated.
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9
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Papadopoulou Z, Vlaikou AM, Theodoridou D, Markopoulos GS, Tsoni K, Agakidou E, Drosou-Agakidou V, Turck CW, Filiou MD, Syrrou M. Stressful Newborn Memories: Pre-Conceptual, In Utero, and Postnatal Events. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:220. [PMID: 31057437 PMCID: PMC6482218 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life stressful experiences are critical for plasticity and development, shaping adult neuroendocrine response and future health. Stress response is mediated by the autonomous nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis while various environmental stimuli are encoded via epigenetic marks. The stress response system maintains homeostasis by regulating adaptation to the environmental changes. Pre-conceptual and in utero stressors form the fetal epigenetic profile together with the individual genetic profile, providing the background for individual stress response, vulnerability, or resilience. Postnatal and adult stressful experiences may act as the definitive switch. This review addresses the issue of how preconceptual in utero and postnatal events, together with individual differences, shape future stress responses. Putative markers of early-life adverse effects such as prematurity and low birth weight are emphasized, and the epigenetic, mitochondrial, and genomic architecture regulation of such events are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki-Maria Vlaikou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Daniela Theodoridou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tsoni
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Agakidou
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Drosou-Agakidou
- 1st Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Michaela D Filiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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10
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Frey S, Eichler A, Stonawski V, Kriebel J, Wahl S, Gallati S, Goecke TW, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Kratz O, Moll GH, Heinrich H, Kornhuber J, Golub Y. Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Is Associated With Adverse Cognitive Effects and Distinct Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Patterns in Primary School Children. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:125. [PMID: 29997484 PMCID: PMC6028559 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is known to elicit a broad range of systemic effects, including neurophysiological alterations that result in adverse behavioral and cognitive outcomes. However, molecular pathways underlying these long-term intrauterine effects remain to be investigated. Here, we tested a hypothesis that PAE may lead to epigenetic alterations to the DNA resulting in attentional and cognitive alterations of the children. We report the results of the study that included 156 primary school children of the Franconian Cognition and Emotion Studies (FRANCES) cohort which were tested for an objective marker of PAE, ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium at birth. Thirty-two newborns were found to be exposed to alcohol with EtG values above 30 ng/g (EtG+). Previously we described PAE being associated with lower IQ and smaller amplitude of the event-related potential component P3 in go trials (Go-P3), which indicates a reduced capacity of attentional resources. Whole-genome methylation analysis of the buccal cell DNA revealed 193 differentially methylated genes in children with positive meconium EtG, that were clustered into groups involved in epigenetic modifications, neurodegeneration, neurodevelopment, axon guidance and neuronal excitability. Furthermore, we detected mediation effects of the methylation changes in DPP10 and SLC16A9 genes on the EtG related cognitive and attention-related deficits. Our results suggest that system-wide epigenetic changes are involved in long-term effects of PAE. In particular, we show an epigenetic mediation of PAE effects on cognition and attention-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valeska Stonawski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Gallati
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tamme W Goecke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kratz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunther H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yulia Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Friedel E, Sebold M, Kuitunen-Paul S, Nebe S, Veer IM, Zimmermann US, Schlagenhauf F, Smolka MN, Rapp M, Walter H, Heinz A. How Accumulated Real Life Stress Experience and Cognitive Speed Interact on Decision-Making Processes. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:302. [PMID: 28642696 PMCID: PMC5462964 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Advances in neurocomputational modeling suggest that valuation systems for goal-directed (deliberative) on one side, and habitual (automatic) decision-making on the other side may rely on distinct computational strategies for reinforcement learning, namely model-free vs. model-based learning. As a key theoretical difference, the model-based system strongly demands cognitive functions to plan actions prospectively based on an internal cognitive model of the environment, whereas valuation in the model-free system relies on rather simple learning rules from operant conditioning to retrospectively associate actions with their outcomes and is thus cognitively less demanding. Acute stress reactivity is known to impair model-based but not model-free choice behavior, with higher working memory capacity protecting the model-based system from acute stress. However, it is not clear which impact accumulated real life stress has on model-free and model-based decision systems and how this influence interacts with cognitive abilities. Methods: We used a sequential decision-making task distinguishing relative contributions of both learning strategies to choice behavior, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale questionnaire to assess accumulated real life stress, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to test cognitive speed in 95 healthy subjects. Results: Individuals reporting high stress exposure who had low cognitive speed showed reduced model-based but increased model-free behavioral control. In contrast, subjects exposed to accumulated real life stress with high cognitive speed displayed increased model-based performance but reduced model-free control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that accumulated real life stress exposure can enhance reliance on cognitive speed for model-based computations, which may ultimately protect the model-based system from the detrimental influences of accumulated real life stress. The combination of accumulated real life stress exposure and slower information processing capacities, however, might favor model-free strategies. Thus, the valence and preference of either system strongly depends on stressful experiences and individual cognitive capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Friedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Biomedial Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Department for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Institute LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Biomedial Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Biomedial Innovation Academy, Berlin Institute of HealthBerlin, Germany
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12
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Bayraktar G, Kreutz MR. Neuronal DNA Methyltransferases: Epigenetic Mediators between Synaptic Activity and Gene Expression? Neuroscientist 2017; 24:171-185. [PMID: 28513272 PMCID: PMC5846851 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417707457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
DNMT3A and 3B are the main de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the brain that introduce new methylation marks to non-methylated DNA in postmitotic neurons. DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mark that is known to regulate important cellular processes in neuronal development and brain plasticity. Accumulating evidence disclosed rapid and dynamic changes in DNA methylation of plasticity-relevant genes that are important for learning and memory formation. To understand how DNMTs contribute to brain function and how they are regulated by neuronal activity is a prerequisite for a deeper appreciation of activity-dependent gene expression in health and disease. This review discusses the functional role of de novo methyltransferases and in particular DNMT3A1 in the adult brain with special emphasis on synaptic plasticity, memory formation, and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Bayraktar
- 1 RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- 1 RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,2 Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", ZMNH, Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Morris MJ, Na ES, Autry AE, Monteggia LM. Impact of DNMT1 and DNMT3a forebrain knockout on depressive- and anxiety like behavior in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:139-145. [PMID: 27545441 PMCID: PMC5050143 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been shown to impact certain forms of synaptic and behavioral plasticity that have been implicated in the development in psychiatric disorders. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes that continue to be expressed in postmitotic neurons in the forebrain. Using a conditional forebrain knockout of DNMT1 or DNMT3a we assessed the role of these DNMTs in anxiety and depressive-like behavior in mice using an array of behavioral testing paradigms. Forebrain deletion of DNMT1 had anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties as assessed by elevated plus maze, novelty suppressed feeding, forced swim, and social interaction tests. DNMT3a knockout mice, by contrast, did not exhibit significant behavioral alterations in these tests. Given the putative role of altered DNA methylation patterns in the development of schizophrenia, we also assessed DNMT1 and DNMT3a knockout mice in a prepulse inhibition task and found an enhanced prepulse inhibition of startle in DNMT1 knockouts relative to wild type mice, with no change evident in DNMT3a knockout mice. Our data suggest that DNMT1 and DNMT3a are distinctly involved in affective behavior and that DNMT1 may ultimately represent a potential target for treatment of certain affective behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Morris
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Elisa S Na
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Anita E Autry
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States.
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14
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Cartier J, Zeng Y, Drake AJ. Glucocorticoids and the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Hoffmann A, Daniel G, Schmidt-Edelkraut U, Spengler D. Roles of imprinted genes in neural stem cells. Epigenomics 2015; 6:515-32. [PMID: 25431944 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes and neural stem cells (NSC) play an important role in the developing and mature brain. A central theme of imprinted gene function in NSCs is cell survival and G1 arrest to control cell division, cell-cycle exit, migration and differentiation. Moreover, genomic imprinting can be epigenetically switched off at some genes to ensure stem cell quiescence and differentiation. At the genome scale, imprinted genes are organized in dynamic networks formed by interchromosomal interactions and transcriptional coregulation of imprinted and nonimprinted genes. Such multilayered networks may synchronize NSC activity with the demand from the niche resembling their roles in adjusting fetal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
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16
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Bolten M. Transgenerational Transmission of Stress Pathology. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The impact of the environment early in life on long-term outcomes is well known. Stressful experiences during pre- and postnatal development can modulate the genetic programming of specific brain circuits underlying emotional and cognitive aspects of behavioral adaptation to stressful experiences later in life. Furthermore, there is documented evidence for gene-environment interactions in the context of early-life stress. Identical gene variants can be associated with different phenotypes depending on environmental factors. DNA methylation, an enzymatically-catalyzed modification of the DNA, is the mechanism through which phenotypes are regulated. The dynamics and plasticity of epigenetic mechanisms can have short-term, long-term, or transgenerational consequences. In epigenetic research, rodent models have targeted several behavioral and emotional phenotypes. These models have contributed significantly to our understanding of the environmental regulation of the developmental brain in early life. This review will highlight studies with rats and mice on epigenetic processes in fetal programming of stress-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Bolten
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, University of Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Morris MJ, Monteggia LM. Role of DNA methylation and the DNA methyltransferases in learning and memory. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 25364286 PMCID: PMC4214178 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/mmorris] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of chromatin structure in postmitotic neurons plays an important role in learning and memory. Methylation of cytosine nucleotides has historically been considered the strongest and least modifiable of epigenetic marks. Accumulating recent data suggest that rapid and dynamic methylation and demethylation of specific genes in the brain may play a fundamental role in learning, memory formation, and behavioral plasticity. The current review focuses on the emergence of data that support the role of DNA methylation and demethylation, and its molecular mediators in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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18
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Palma-Gudiel H, Córdova-Palomera A, Leza JC, Fañanás L. Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation processes as mediators of early adversity in stress-related disorders causality: A critical review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:520-35. [PMID: 26073068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a known risk factor for suffering psychopathology in adulthood. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been described to be deregulated in both individuals who experienced early psychosocial stress and in patients with a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The NR3C1 gene codes for the glucocorticoid receptor, a key element involved in several steps of HPA axis modulation. In this review, we gather existing evidence linking NR3C1 methylation pattern with either ELS or psychopathology. We summarize that several types of ELS have been frequently associated with NR3C1 hypermethylation whereas hypomethylation has been continuously found to be associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. In light of the reported findings, the main concerns of ongoing research in this field are the lack of methodological consensus and selection of CpG sites. Further studies should target individual CpG site methylation assessment focusing in biologically relevant areas such as transcription factor binding regions whereas widening the examined sequence in order to include all non-coding first exons of the NR3C1 gene in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Unity of Anthropology, Departament of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- Unity of Anthropology, Departament of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Unity of Anthropology, Departament of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universidad de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), C/ Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Sung H, Yang HH, Zhang H, Yang Q, Hu N, Tang ZZ, Su H, Wang L, Wang C, Ding T, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Wheeler W, Giffen C, Burdett L, Wang Z, Lee MP, Chanock SJ, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Goldstein AM, Yu K, Taylor PR, Hyland PL. Common genetic variants in epigenetic machinery genes and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1341-52. [PMID: 25921222 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations in north central China are at high risk for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cancer (GC), and genetic variation in epigenetic machinery genes and pathways may contribute to this risk. METHODS We used the adaptive multilocus joint test to analyse 192 epigenetic genes involved in chromatin remodelling, DNA methylation and microRNA biosynthesis in 1942 ESCC and 1758 GC cases [1126 cardia (GCA) and 632 non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA)] and 2111 controls with Chinese ancestry. We examined potential function of risk alleles using in silico and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analyses. RESULTS Suggestive pathway-based associations were observed for the overall epigenetic (P-value(PATH) = 0.034) and chromatin remodelling (P-value(PATH) = 0.039) pathways with risk of GCA, but not GC, GNCA or ESCC. Overall, 37 different epigenetic machinery genes were associated with risk of one or more upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer sites (P-value(GENE )< 0.05), including 14 chromatin remodelling genes whose products are involved in the regulation of HOX genes. We identified a gastric eQTL (rs12724079; rho = 0.37; P = 0.0006) which regulates mRNA expression of ASH1L. Several suggestive eQTLs were also found in oesophageal (rs10898459 in EED), gastric cardia (rs7157322 in DICER1; rs8179271 in ASH1L), and gastric non-cardia (rs1790733 in PPP1CA) tissues. CONCLUSIONS Results of our analyses provide limited but suggestive evidence for a role of epigenetic gene variation in the aetiology of UGI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Sung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Howard H Yang
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Qi Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Nan Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Ze-Zhong Tang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Su
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Lemin Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
| | - Ti Ding
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Carol Giffen
- Information Management Services, Silver Spring, MD, USA and
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and
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20
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Zimmermann CA, Hoffmann A, Raabe F, Spengler D. Role of mecp2 in experience-dependent epigenetic programming. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:60-86. [PMID: 25756305 PMCID: PMC4377834 DOI: 10.3390/genes6010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2, the founding member of a family of proteins recognizing and binding to methylated DNA, are the genetic cause of a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder in humans, called Rett syndrome. Available evidence suggests that MECP2 protein has a critical role in activity-dependent neuronal plasticity and transcription during brain development. Moreover, recent studies in mice show that various posttranslational modifications, notably phosphorylation, regulate Mecp2’s functions in learning and memory, drug addiction, depression-like behavior, and the response to antidepressant treatment. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis drives the stress response and its deregulation increases the risk for a variety of mental disorders. Early-life stress (ELS) typically results in sustained HPA-axis deregulation and is a major risk factor for stress related diseases, in particular major depression. Interestingly, Mecp2 protein has been shown to contribute to ELS-dependent epigenetic programming of Crh, Avp, and Pomc, all of these genes enhance HPA-axis activity. Hereby ELS regulates Mecp2 phosphorylation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities in a tissue-specific and temporospatial manner. Overall, these findings suggest MECP2 proteins are so far underestimated and have a more dynamic role in the mediation of the gene-environment dialog and epigenetic programming of the neuroendocrine stress system in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Anke Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Florian Raabe
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Translational Research, Kraepelinstr. 2-10, Munich 80804, Germany.
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21
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Córdova-Palomera A, Fatjó-Vilas M, Kebir O, Gastó C, Krebs MO, Fañanás L. Polymorphic variation in the epigenetic gene DNMT3B modulates the environmental impact on cognitive ability: a twin study. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:303-8. [PMID: 25530201 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though cognitive abilities in adulthood are largely influenced by individual genetic background, they have also been shown to be importantly influenced by environmental factors. Some of these influences are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Accordingly, polymorphic variants in the epigenetic gene DNMT3B have been linked to neurocognitive performance. Since monozygotic (MZ) twins may show larger or smaller intrapair phenotypic differences depending on whether their genetic background is more or less sensitive to environmental factors, a twin design was implemented to determine if particular polymorphisms in the DNMT3B gene may be linked to a better (worse) response to enriched (deprived) environmental factors. METHODS Applying the variability gene methodology in a sample of 54 healthy MZ twin pairs (108 individuals) with no lifetime history of psychopathology, two DNMT3B polymorphisms were analyzed in relation to their intrapair differences for either intellectual quotient (IQ) or working memory performance. RESULTS MZ twin pairs with the CC genotype for rs406193 SNP showed statistically significant larger intrapair differences in IQ than CT pairs. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DNMT3B polymorphisms may explain variability in the IQ response to either enriched or impoverished environmental conditions. Accordingly, the applied methodology is shown as a potentially valuable tool for determining genetic markers of cognitive plasticity. Further research is needed to confirm this specific result and to expand on other putative genetic markers of environmental sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Córdova-Palomera
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, avenue Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, avenue Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Kebir
- Inserm, UMR 894, laboratoire de physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, centre de psychiatrie et neurosciences, université Paris-Descartes, PRES Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Service hospitalo-universitaire, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, hôpital Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France; GDR3557-institut de psychiatrie, 75014 Paris, France
| | - C Gastó
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto Clínico de Neurociencias (ICN), Hospital Clínico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M O Krebs
- Inserm, UMR 894, laboratoire de physiopathologie des maladies psychiatriques, centre de psychiatrie et neurosciences, université Paris-Descartes, PRES Paris Sorbonne Cité, 75014 Paris, France; Service hospitalo-universitaire, faculté de médecine Paris-Descartes, hôpital Sainte-Anne, 75014 Paris, France; GDR3557-institut de psychiatrie, 75014 Paris, France
| | - L Fañanás
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, avenue Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Schoch H, Abel T. Transcriptional co-repressors and memory storage. Neuropharmacology 2014; 80:53-60. [PMID: 24440532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are a central mechanism for regulating chromatin structure and gene expression in the brain. A wide array of histone- and DNA-modifying enzymes have been identified as critical regulators of neuronal function, memory formation, and as causative agents in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Chromatin modifying enzymes are frequently incorporated into large multi-protein co-activator and co-repressor complexes, where the activity of multiple enzymes is both spatially and temporally coordinated. In this review, we discuss negative regulation of gene expression by co-repressor complexes, and the role of co-repressors and their binding partners in neuronal function, memory, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schoch
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Schumann G, Binder EB, Holte A, de Kloet ER, Oedegaard KJ, Robbins TW, Walker-Tilley TR, Bitter I, Brown VJ, Buitelaar J, Ciccocioppo R, Cools R, Escera C, Fleischhacker W, Flor H, Frith CD, Heinz A, Johnsen E, Kirschbaum C, Klingberg T, Lesch KP, Lewis S, Maier W, Mann K, Martinot JL, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Müller CP, Müller WE, Nutt DJ, Persico A, Perugi G, Pessiglione M, Preuss UW, Roiser JP, Rossini PM, Rybakowski JK, Sandi C, Stephan KE, Undurraga J, Vieta E, van der Wee N, Wykes T, Haro JM, Wittchen HU. Stratified medicine for mental disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:5-50. [PMID: 24176673 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is recognition that biomedical research into the causes of mental disorders and their treatment needs to adopt new approaches to research. Novel biomedical techniques have advanced our understanding of how the brain develops and is shaped by behaviour and environment. This has led to the advent of stratified medicine, which translates advances in basic research by targeting aetiological mechanisms underlying mental disorder. The resulting increase in diagnostic precision and targeted treatments may provide a window of opportunity to address the large public health burden, and individual suffering associated with mental disorders. While mental health and mental disorders have significant representation in the "health, demographic change and wellbeing" challenge identified in Horizon 2020, the framework programme for research and innovation of the European Commission (2014-2020), and in national funding agencies, clear advice on a potential strategy for mental health research investment is needed. The development of such a strategy is supported by the EC-funded "Roadmap for Mental Health Research" (ROAMER) which will provide recommendations for a European mental health research strategy integrating the areas of biomedicine, psychology, public health well being, research integration and structuring, and stakeholder participation. Leading experts on biomedical research on mental disorders have provided an assessment of the state of the art in core psychopathological domains, including arousal and stress regulation, affect, cognition social processes, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. They have identified major advances and promising methods and pointed out gaps to be addressed in order to achieve the promise of a stratified medicine for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunter Schumann
- MRC-Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO80, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | | | - Arne Holte
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Centre and Medical Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Ketil J Oedegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Bergen and Psychiatric division, Health Bergen, Norway
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom R Walker-Tilley
- MRC-Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO80, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Istvan Bitter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Verity J Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, University Medical Center, St Radboud and Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Carles Escera
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Fleischhacker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chris D Frith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN), Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Bergen and Psychiatric division, Health Bergen, Norway
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Psychology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany and Department of Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shon Lewis
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM CEA Unit 1000 "Imaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud, Orsay; AP-HP Department of Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine, Maison de Solenn, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Psychiatric University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter E Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Antonio Persico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Perugi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich W Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo M Rossini
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience & Orthopaedics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioural Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klaas E Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit (TNU), Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Programme, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nic van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cogntion/Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Til Wykes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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de Kloet ER. Lifetime achievement from a brain-adrenal perspective: on the CRF-urocortin-glucocorticoid balance. J Chem Neuroanat 2013; 54:42-9. [PMID: 24161414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This contribution dedicated to Wylie Vale is focused on the action of the glucocorticoid hormone aimed to counterbalance the stress response orchestrated by the corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin (Ucn) family of peptides. It appears that the release and action of these stress hormones themselves are subjected to intrinsic self-regulatory feedback loops that operate as checks and balances in stress adaptation. One of these feedback loops is operated by the mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) that mediate in complementary fashion the action of endogenous cortisol/corticosterone in brain circuits underlying the onset and termination of the stress response. By affecting appraisal processes MR has an important role in coordinating emotional expression and cognitive flexibility with the onset of the stress response, while GR's role is prominent in the management of behavioral and physiological adaptations during the recovery phase. Genetic variation in interaction with environmental input and experience-related factors can modulate this balance between susceptibility and recovery governed by a balanced MR:GR signaling. Thanks to the Wylie Vale School of scientists a parallel balanced regulation between the CRF/CRF-1 and Ucn/CRF-2 receptor systems is being uncovered, leading inexorably to the question: how do the CRF/Ucn and glucocorticoid systems interact in multiple brain sites to maintain homeostasis and health?
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Affiliation(s)
- E R de Kloet
- Medical Pharmacology, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Leiden University, Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Daskalakis NP, Bagot RC, Parker KJ, Vinkers CH, de Kloet ER. The three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience: toward understanding adaptation to early-life adversity outcome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1858-73. [PMID: 23838101 PMCID: PMC3773020 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stressful experiences during early-life can modulate the genetic programming of specific brain circuits underlying emotional and cognitive aspects of behavioral adaptation to stressful experiences later in life. Although this programming effect exerted by experience-related factors is an important determinant of mental health, its outcome depends on cognitive inputs and hence the valence an individual assigns to a given environmental context. From this perspective we will highlight, with studies in rodents, non-human primates and humans, the three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience to stress-related mental disorders, which is based on gene-environment interactions during critical phases of perinatal and juvenile brain development. The three-hit (i.e., hit-1: genetic predisposition, hit-2: early-life environment, and hit-3: later-life environment) concept accommodates the cumulative stress hypothesis stating that in a given context vulnerability is enhanced when failure to cope with adversity accumulates. Alternatively, the concept also points to the individual's predictive adaptive capacity, which underlies the stress inoculation and match/mismatch hypotheses. The latter hypotheses propose that the experience of relatively mild early-life adversity prepares for the future and promotes resilience to similar challenges in later-life; when a mismatch occurs between early and later-life experience, coping is compromised and vulnerability is enhanced. The three-hit concept is fundamental for understanding how individuals can either be prepared for coping with life to come and remain resilient or are unable to do so and succumb to a stress-related mental disorder, under seemingly identical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P. Daskalakis
- Traumatic Stress Studies Division & Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,PTSD Clinical Research Program & Laboratory of Clinical Neuroendocrinology and Neurochemistry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, USA,Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/ Amsterdam Center for Drug Research & Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands,Correspondence: Dr. Nikolaos Daskalakis, Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1668, Annenberg building - Room 22-38, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA,
| | - Rosemary C. Bagot
- Neuroscience Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Karen J. Parker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Christiaan H. Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E. R. de Kloet
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/ Amsterdam Center for Drug Research & Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pesticides, depression and suicide: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:445-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Senut MC, Cingolani P, Sen A, Kruger A, Shaik A, Hirsch H, Suhr ST, Ruden D. Epigenetics of early-life lead exposure and effects on brain development. Epigenomics 2013; 4:665-74. [PMID: 23244311 DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic machinery plays a pivotal role in the control of many of the body's key cellular functions. It modulates an array of pliable mechanisms that are readily and durably modified by intracellular or extracellular factors. In the fast-moving field of neuroepigenetics, it is emerging that faulty epigenetic gene regulation can have dramatic consequences on the developing CNS that can last a lifetime and perhaps even affect future generations. Mounting evidence suggests that environmental factors can impact the developing brain through these epigenetic mechanisms and this report reviews and examines the epigenetic effects of one of the most common neurotoxic pollutants of our environment, which is believed to have no safe level of exposure during human development: lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Senut
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, CS Mott Center for Human Health & Development & Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Wu G, Feder A, Cohen H, Kim JJ, Calderon S, Charney DS, Mathé AA. Understanding resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:10. [PMID: 23422934 PMCID: PMC3573269 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is the ability to adapt successfully in the face of stress and adversity. Stressful life events, trauma, and chronic adversity can have a substantial impact on brain function and structure, and can result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and other psychiatric disorders. However, most individuals do not develop such illnesses after experiencing stressful life events, and are thus thought to be resilient. Resilience as successful adaptation relies on effective responses to environmental challenges and ultimate resistance to the deleterious effects of stress, therefore a greater understanding of the factors that promote such effects is of great relevance. This review focuses on recent findings regarding genetic, epigenetic, developmental, psychosocial, and neurochemical factors that are considered essential contributors to the development of resilience. Neural circuits and pathways involved in mediating resilience are also discussed. The growing understanding of resilience factors will hopefully lead to the development of new pharmacological and psychological interventions for enhancing resilience and mitigating the untoward consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai NY, USA
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Mouihate A. Long-lasting impact of early life immune stress on neuroimmune functions. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 23949239 PMCID: PMC5586809 DOI: 10.1159/000354199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever is one major cardinal sign of disease. It results from an intricate interplay between the immune system and the central nervous system. Bacterial or viral infections activate peripheral immune competent organs which send inflammatory signals to the brain and lead to an increase in body temperature. The increased body temperature creates a conducive environment to optimize the body's fight against the infection. A large body of experimental evidence suggests that early life bacterial or viral infections can lead to a long-lasting impact on this natural febrile response. The early life pathogenic encounter heightens the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response, dampens the innate immune system, and consequently reduces the febrile response to a subsequent immune challenge during adulthood. This 'programming' effect operates only when such early life immune challenges occur during a critical window of either prenatal or postnatal development. In this review, the mechanisms underlying the long-lasting impact of perinatal immune challenge on adult fever are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Mouihate
- *Abdeslam Mouihate, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Joëls
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hoffmann A, Spengler D. The lasting legacy of social stress on the epigenome of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Epigenomics 2012; 4:431-44. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stress is a major factor contributing to early-life adversity that has taken on an epidemic scale. Early social stress leads to long-lasting changes in behavior, cognition, mood and neuroendocrine responses predisposing to or sheltering from stress-related diseases later in life. Epigenetic mechanisms are thought to mediate the effects of early social stress on the epigenome, and can give rise to persistent memories hard coded by DNA methylation. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis canalizes early social stress, which leaves its footprints at key regulator sites of this highly plastic system. Thereby, social stress-induced DNA memories mirror the complexity of the stress response and sex differences in brain epigenetics. Timely therapeutic interventions should aim to attenuate early social stress-derived DNA markings and their life-long consequences for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Kraepelinstrasse 2–10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Kraepelinstrasse 2–10, D-80804 Munich, Germany
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