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Gwyther K, Pilkington V, Bailey AP, Mountjoy M, Bergeron MF, Rice SM, Purcell R. Mental health and well-being of elite youth athletes: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108244. [PMID: 39122370 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition of the prevalence and risk factors for mental health symptoms and disorders among adult elite athletes, with less research involving elite youth athletes. This scoping review aimed to characterise the mental health and well-being of elite youth athletes who travel internationally and compete for their sport. METHOD Four databases were searched in March 2023. Inclusion criteria were studies with elite youth athlete populations (mean age 12-17 years) reporting mental health and well-being outcomes. Data from included studies were charted by outcome, and risk/protective factors identified. RESULTS Searches retrieved 3088 records, of which 33 studies met inclusion criteria, encapsulating data from 5826 athletes (2538 males, 3288 females). The most frequently studied issue was disordered eating (k=16), followed by anxiety (k=7), depression (k=5) and mixed anxiety/depression (k=2). Caseness estimates (a symptom level where mental health treatment is typically indicated) for disordered eating were wide ranging (0%-14% for males; 11%-41% for females), whereas only two studies estimated caseness for depression (7% in a mixed-sex sample; 14% for males, 40% for females) and one for anxiety (8% for males, 28% for females). Common risk factors for mental ill-health included sex, athlete status (compared with non-athletes) and social/relationship factors (with coaches/parents/peers). Contradictory evidence was observed for elite/competition level, which was associated with higher and lower rates of disordered eating. CONCLUSION Further representative research into the mental health and well-being of elite youth athletes is needed to enhance understanding and guide prevention and intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Gwyther
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vita Pilkington
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan P Bailey
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Bergeron
- Performance Health, WTA Women's Tennis Association, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Simon M Rice
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Elite Sports and Mental Health, Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang R, Martyna M, Cornwell J, Teramoto M, Selfridge M, Brown A, Ghajar J, Lumba-Brown A. Anxiety and Mood Disruption in Collegiate Athletes Acutely Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1276. [PMID: 38928691 PMCID: PMC11202808 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the symptom burden of anxiety and mood-related indicators following mTBI in collegiate student-athletes. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of varsity collegiate athletes. SETTING University sports medicine at a tertiary care center. PATIENTS Division I college varsity athletes diagnosed with mTBI at a single institution between 2016 and 2019. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Pre- and post-injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparisons between baseline testing and post-mTBI symptom scale assessments were made to determine changes in scores at the individual and group levels. The primary outcome was the prevalence of post-mTBI symptoms from within 72 h of injury through return to play. Associations with sport, sex, age, and return-to-play time were included. RESULTS Compared to baseline, mood and anxiety symptom scores were significantly higher acutely following mTBI (2.1 ± 3.3 vs. 14.3 ± 12.2; p < 0.001). A family history of migraine was significantly associated with higher mood and anxiety symptom scores (20.0 ± 14.9 with history vs. 13.3 ± 11.3 without history; p = 0.042). Mood and anxiety symptom scores were highly correlated with non-mood and anxiety symptom scores for all athletes, including the subgroup with prolonged symptoms (r = 0.769; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of anxiety or mood disruption are common during the acute period post-injury in varsity college athletes. Risk factors for higher symptom reports immediately following mTBI and for prolonged symptoms (>10 days) included female sex, those with a family history of migraine, and those with an overall higher symptom burden post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael Martyna
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Jordan Cornwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Mollie Selfridge
- Department of Sports Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (M.S.)
| | - Amanda Brown
- Department of Sports Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA; (M.S.)
| | - Jamshid Ghajar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Performance Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Angela Lumba-Brown
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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3
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Lee YH, Chiu W, Hwang J, Noh S. Mobile-based mindfulness meditation intervention's impact on mental health among young male judo athletes in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12691. [PMID: 38830986 PMCID: PMC11148055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Young athletes commonly encounter various mental health challenges due to the distinct pressures inherent in sports environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in alleviating mental health indicators of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety, and enhancing self-esteem and resilience among young male judo athletes in South Korea. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were completed by 53 judo athletes. Participants were then allocated to the intervention group (N = 27; Mage = 13.77 [SD = 1.11]), which used a mobile meditation software program, or the control group (N = 27; Mage = 13.56 [SD = 1.05]). Data analysis compared intervention and control group scores using multiple statistical methods, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures analysis of variance. Following the intervention, the mindfulness group exhibited significant enhancements in the mental health indicators of depression (GMD = 2.74 [95% CI 0.90-4.56], Cohen's D = 0.84), perceived stress (GMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.002-0.70], Cohen's D = 0.56), and anxiety (GMD = 0.2 [95% CI 0.001-0.40, Cohen's D = 0.56]. Self-esteem also had a significant increase (GMD = 0.55 [95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.88], Cohen's D = 0.95). The findings of this study underscore the potential benefits of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in addressing mental health challenges among young male judo athletes. The significant enhancements observed in scores on measures of depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-esteem among participants in the mindfulness group highlight the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting mental health in sports settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hoon Lee
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| | - Weisheng Chiu
- Lee Shau Kee School of Business and Administration, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Juhee Hwang
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyeon Noh
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
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Panzera JC, Podolak OE, Master CL. Contemporary diagnosis and management of mild TBI (concussions): What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2024; 96:865-869. [PMID: 38696496 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Concussion is a common injury in children and adolescents and is a form of mild traumatic brain injury that surgeons will see in their acute care practice. With a rapidly changing evidence base for diagnosis and management, we will focus on the importance of timely identification and diagnosis, as well as the early initiation of active management of pediatric concussion immediately after injury through recovery. This approach involves the application of targeted therapies for specific deficits identified after concussion, addressing the individual pattern of symptoms experienced by patients following concussion. We will review what is known about the underlying pathophysiology that drives the clinical manifestations of concussion, the targeted clinical assessments that can both aid in the diagnosis of concussion, as well as drive the active rehabilitation of deficits seen after concussion. The standardized approach to the return to activities will also be described, including return to learning and sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Panzera
- From the Sports Medicine and Performance Center, (J.C.P.); Center for Injury Research and Prevention (O.E.P.); and Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Center for Injury Research and Prevention (C.L.M.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Peris-Delcampo D, Núñez A, Ortiz-Marholz P, Olmedilla A, Cantón E, Ponseti J, Garcia-Mas A. The bright side of sports: a systematic review on well-being, positive emotions and performance. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:284. [PMID: 38773650 PMCID: PMC11106975 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review regarding the relationship between positive psychological factors, such as psychological well-being and pleasant emotions, and sports performance. METHOD This study, carried out through a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines considering the Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORT Discus databases, seeks to highlight the relationship between other more 'positive' factors, such as well-being, positive emotions and sports performance. SETTINGS The keywords will be decided by a Delphi Method in two rounds with sport psychology experts. PARTICIPANTS There are no participants in the present research. ASSESSMENT The main exclusion criteria were: Non-sport thema, sample younger or older than 20-65 years old, qualitative or other methodology studies, COVID-related, journals not exclusively about Psychology. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES We obtained a first sample of 238 papers, and finally, this sample was reduced to the final sample of 11 papers. RESULTS The results obtained are intended to be a representation of the 'bright side' of sports practice, and as a complement or mediator of the negative variables that have an impact on athletes' and coaches' performance. CONCLUSIONS Clear recognition that acting on intrinsic motivation continues to be the best and most effective way to motivate oneself to obtain the highest levels of performance, a good perception of competence and a source of personal satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Núñez
- Basic Psychology and Pedagogy Departments, Balearic Islands University, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain.
| | - Paula Ortiz-Marholz
- Education and Social Sciences Faculty, Andres Bello University, Santiago, 7550000, Chile
| | - Aurelio Olmedilla
- Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment Deparment, Murcia University, Campus MareNostrum, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Enrique Cantón
- General Psychology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Javier Ponseti
- Basic Psychology and Pedagogy Departments, Balearic Islands University, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Mas
- Basic Psychology and Pedagogy Departments, Balearic Islands University, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
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Gjaka M, Feka K, Tessitore A, Thomas A, Capranica L. Dual career through the eyes of university student-athletes in the Republic of Kosovo. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1403526. [PMID: 38807614 PMCID: PMC11130497 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1403526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The successful combination of a sports career and education, known as the dual career, requires cooperation and a multi-dimensional approach. Although extensive research has been conducted on dual career programs and services in developed countries, there is limited information available on the dual-career phenomenon in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the dual career experiences of university student-athletes in the Republic of Kosovo. Materials and methods A 30-item online survey was distributed to student-athletes, addressing various aspects of the dual career. A total of 121 student-athletes (males: 63.6%; females: 36.4%) voluntarily participated in the survey. Results These student-athletes represented 13 different sports, with 102 (84.3%) participating in team and 19 (15.7%) in individual sports. Between individual and team sports no significant differences were found regarding university and sports engagement, and the time required to travel from the university to the training venue, whereas a significant difference (p = 0.019) emerged for the time needed to travel from home to the training venue. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between university majors in terms of sports engagement. The present findings highlight a lack of familiarity with dual career programs among student-athletes (89.3%) and the need for dual-career policies at the university (16.5%), sport (9.9%), and national (13.2%) levels. Student-athletes faced various challenges, mainly related to limited leisure time (62.8%), academic overload (60.3%), frequent absence from classes (59.6%), and financial uncertainty (35.5%). Recommended improvements included increased financial support (66.1%), the availability of sports facilities at or near the university (48.8%), greater educational flexibility (26.4%), tutoring services at the university (25.6%), and sports clubs (19%) levels, as well as improved communication regarding existing initiatives and legal aspects (53.7% and 47.1%, respectively). The study also identified parents (98.3%), coaches (86%), and siblings (60.3%) as important sources of support for student-athletes at personal, sports, and university levels. Conclusions In conclusion, to enhance the potential of future student-athletes in the Republic of Kosovo, relevant stakeholders in sports and higher education should collaborate closely and implement programs and services based on international best practices for dual-career support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masar Gjaka
- Department of Sport and Movement Science, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, Visiting Fulbright Scholar at University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Kaltrina Feka
- Center for Health Education and Inclusion (COHESION), Mitrovice, Republic of Kosovo
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Abbey Thomas
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health, and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Laura Capranica
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- European Athlete as Student (EAS) Network, Ghaxaq, Malta
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7
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Li Q, Li L, He Q, Wang H. Exploring the role of mindfulness on obligatory exercise among young athletes: mediating roles of obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1381983. [PMID: 38751582 PMCID: PMC11094327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1381983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the current trend toward youthfulness and age reduction in competitive sports, the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes is becoming more severe. This not only affects their physical and mental health but also hampers their future prospects in the sports world. While delving into the impact of mindfulness on the issue of obligatory exercise among young athletes, it reveals the mediating role of obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety. Methods This study is a cross-sectional research that employs convenience and snowball sampling methods. We selected 403 young athletes from several universities and high-level sports teams in the central-southern region of China as valid samples and used AMOS v.23 to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses. Results The research findings indicate a significant positive correlation between obsessive passion, cognitive state anxiety, and obligatory exercise. Furthermore, obsessive passion and cognitive state anxiety mediate the relationship between mindfulness and obligatory exercise. This implies that young athletes can better regulate their emotional state during training, manage training loads sensibly, and avoid issues with obligatory exercise through mindfulness training. Discussion In conclusion, to enhance the cognitive levels of young athletes and reduce their obligatory exercise behaviors, national sports authorities and coaching teams should develop reasonable mindfulness training programs for athletes and encourage their participation in mindfulness training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qianqian He
- Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Huilin Wang
- School of Business, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Jang S, Drescher MJ, Armstrong TA, Neil ER, Eberman LE. Exploring Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Perspectives in Managing Mental Health Situations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:577. [PMID: 38791791 PMCID: PMC11120936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people believe that student-athletes experience fewer difficulties related to mental health than non-sport participants. However, several studies have shown high depression levels or emotional difficulties in adolescent athletes. Most secondary school students have access to athletic trainers in their schools. Secondary school athletic trainers (SSATs) are medical professionals who can provide health care for student-athletes, and they could be appropriate supporters in providing mental health management in secondary schools. However, there are no studies that have addressed their preparedness and confidence level to manage potential risk factors and mental health disorders. This study aims to ascertain preparedness and confidence levels from SSATs' perspectives in handling mental health disorders using a survey based on the mental health management guidelines and consensus statement. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study design. The research team created an online survey questionnaire based on the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Mental Health Guidelines for Secondary School and Interassociation Recommendation: A Consensus Statement. Utilizing the NATA Research Survey Service, the online survey was emailed to SSATs who self-categorized as secondary school athletic trainers in the NATA membership system. (n = 171, 65% completion rate). SPSS was used to analyze the survey data. RESULT This study found that 29.2% of SSATs reported they have policies or guidelines regarding mental health disorders management for minors. The most frequent policy was mandatory reporting in cases in which an individual is being abused or neglected (80.5%). The highest confidence area was aligned with the most frequent policy. The least frequent policy was considering unique stressors and triggers with student-athletes to recognize the potential mechanisms that may cause a mental illness or exacerbate an existing mental illness (58.5%). Even though the least frequent policy was not aligned with the least confidence area, it was the second lowest confidence level. This study identified significant differences between two different employment structures: school-based employment and hospital-based employment structures. Policies were more common in school-based employment than in hospital-based employment structures. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the gap between organizational and individual preparation. The majority of SSATs respondents expressed moderate to high confidence in their ability to manage mental health disorders, despite the lack of mental health policies or procedures in their secondary schools. This study recommends that SSATs create guidelines or procedures in the areas where they are least confident and prepared to offer mental health management for minor student-athletes. They can use the interassociation recommendations and the NATA guidelines for mental health care to close the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Jang
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA;
| | - Matthew J. Drescher
- Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
| | - Tara A. Armstrong
- Athletics-Sports Medicine, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, USA;
| | - Elizabeth R. Neil
- College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Lindsey E. Eberman
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA;
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D'Lauro C, Register-Mihalik JK, Meier TB, Kerr ZY, Knight K, Broglio SP, Leeds D, Lynall RC, Kroshus E, McCrea MA, McAllister TW, Schmidt JD, Master C, McGinty G, Jackson JC, Cameron KL, Buckley T, Kaminski T, Mihalik JP. Optimizing Concussion Care Seeking: Connecting Care-Seeking Behaviors and Neurophysiological States Through Blood Biomarkers. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:801-810. [PMID: 38340366 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231221782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely and appropriate medical care after concussion presents a difficult public health problem. Concussion identification and treatment rely heavily on self-report, but more than half of concussions go unreported or are reported after a delay. If incomplete self-report increases exposure to harm, blood biomarkers may objectively indicate this neurobiological dysfunction. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to compare postconcussion biomarker levels between individuals with different previous concussion diagnosis statuses and care-seeking statuses. It was hypothesized that individuals with undiagnosed concussions and poorer care seeking would show altered biomarker profiles. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 287 military academy cadets and collegiate athletes diagnosed with concussion in the Advanced Research Core of the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium. The authors extracted each participant's self-reported previous concussion diagnosis status (no history, all diagnosed, ≥1 undiagnosed) and whether they had delayed or immediate symptom onset, symptom reporting, and removal from activity after the incident concussion. The authors compared the following blood biomarkers associated with neural injury between previous concussion diagnosis status groups and care-seeking groups: glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), neurofilament light chain (NF-L), and tau protein, captured at baseline, 24 to 48 hours, asymptomatic, and 7 days after unrestricted return to activity using tests of parallel profiles. RESULTS The undiagnosed previous concussion group (n = 21) had higher levels of NF-L at 24- to 48-hour and asymptomatic time points relative to all diagnosed (n = 72) or no previous concussion (n = 194) groups. For those with delayed removal from activity (n = 127), UCH-L1 was lower at 7 days after return to activity than that for athletes immediately removed from activity (n = 131). No other biomarker differences were observed. CONCLUSION Individuals with previous undiagnosed concussions or delayed removal from activity showed some different biomarker levels after concussion and after clinical recovery, despite a lack of baseline differences. This may indicate that poorer care seeking can create neurobiological differences in the concussed brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D'Lauro
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Johna K Register-Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Center & STAR Heel Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary Yukio Kerr
- Matthew Gfeller Center & STAR Heel Performance Laboratory, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristen Knight
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- University of Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Leeds
- Computer and Information Sciences, Fordham University, New York, New York, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert C Lynall
- UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics & Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Julianne D Schmidt
- UGA Concussion Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina Master
- Division of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gerald McGinty
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan C Jackson
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- Keller Army Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Thomas Kaminski
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason P Mihalik
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Investigation performed at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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10
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Rogers DL, Tanaka MJ, Cosgarea AJ, Ginsburg RD, Dreher GM. How Mental Health Affects Injury Risk and Outcomes in Athletes. Sports Health 2024; 16:222-229. [PMID: 37326145 PMCID: PMC10916780 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231179678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The importance of mental health among athletes is becoming more recognized and valued. Athletes experience symptoms of depression, anxiety, and related mental health disorders at rates similar to those of the general population, but because athletes face unique cultural and environmental pressures, such disorders are exacerbated in the context of an injury. Furthermore, we review the less well-known evidence that mental health disorders in athletes are associated with an increased risk of injury. We discuss the increasing awareness of the deficiencies in mental health support for athletes, which has been especially highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as in prominent professional and Olympic athletes, and describe both internal and external barriers to appropriate care. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched PubMed for pertinent peer-reviewed studies. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5. RESULTS There is a known psychological response to injury that can prolong recovery from musculoskeletal injury; conversely, mental health disorders in athletes are not only associated with an increased injury risk but also portend poorer outcomes subsequently, including prolonged recovery times, increased rates of injury recurrence, decreased rates of return to sport, and reduced performance upon return. Because of inherent barriers to appropriate care of athletes, including identification, stigma, and resource availability, there are currently various ongoing efforts nationally to create and implement initiatives regarding athlete mental health screening, support systems, and directed interventions to address the inextricably linked physical and mental health of athletes. CONCLUSION Athletic injury negatively impacts the mental health of athletes. Likewise, mental health can and does influence athletic performance and is also intimately tied to the risk of athletic injury, thus creating a complex cycle with inability to separate physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis L Rogers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miho J Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Cosgarea
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard D Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey M Dreher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Hamstra-Wright KL, Coumbe-Lilley JE, Bustamante EE. Preventing Suicide and Promoting Mental Health Among Student-Athletes From Diverse Backgrounds. J Sport Rehabil 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38335951 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2023-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Suicide and contributing mental health conditions in athletes are shared concerns within health care and society at large. This commentary focuses on suicide risk among athletes and the role of sports medicine professionals in preventing suicide and promoting mental health. In this commentary, we draw on the scientific literature and our clinical experiences to pose and answer these questions: Does suicide risk among athletes vary by sociodemographic factors (eg, sex, gender, race/ethnicity, family income, sexual orientation) or if injured? Do sociodemographic differences influence access to and benefits from services among athletes? How do I know my athletes are at risk for suicide? What do I do if one of my athletes shares with me that they have considered suicide? Within our commentary, we review the current literature and clinical practices regarding these questions and close with actionable suggestions and recommendations for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrie L Hamstra-Wright
- Applied Sport Psychology and Injury Research and Education (ASPIRE) Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John E Coumbe-Lilley
- Applied Sport Psychology and Injury Research and Education (ASPIRE) Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eduardo E Bustamante
- Applied Sport Psychology and Injury Research and Education (ASPIRE) Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Upenieks L, Bounds EM, Melton KK, Glanzer P, Schnitker SA. Attachment to God, Contingent Self-Worth, and Mental Health Outcomes in U.S. Collegiate Athletes. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:445-465. [PMID: 37658162 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Scholars and practitioners have recently devoted increased attention to the psychological well-being of student-athletes. However, sparse research has examined the role of religion/spirituality in well-being in athletic populations. In a sample of U.S. collegiate athletes (N = 415), the present study assessed how the divine relationship, measured by attachment style to God, associates with depressive and anxiety symptoms in a sample of collegiate student-athletes, as well as the mediating role of contingent self-worth based on the approval of others in this process. Results show that secure attachment to God is associated with fewer mental illness symptoms, whereas avoidant and anxious attachment to God are associated with greater mental illness symptoms. Contingent self-worth based on others' approval partially mediates each of these associations. Implications for the religion and health literature and sport practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Upenieks
- Department of Sociology, Baylor University, 97326 One Bear Place, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Bounds
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Karen K Melton
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Perry Glanzer
- Department of Educational Leadership, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Sarah A Schnitker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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13
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Wang H, Dai Y, Li X, Yu L. Associations of Training and Academic Stress with Sleep in Dual-Career Collegiate Badminton Athletes: A Preliminary Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:43-52. [PMID: 38283369 PMCID: PMC10822114 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s432475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Poor sleep negatively impacts cognitive and physical functioning and affects athletic and academic achievement. "Dual-career" athletes emphasize the pursuit of academic excellence along with athletic performance. Purpose The study aimed to assess sleep characteristics and sleep quality in dual-career collegiate badminton athletes. Furthermore, the study explored associations between training and academic stress and sleep, providing a theoretical basis for better training and sleep programs for dual-career athletes. Participants and Methods In this study, 15 dual-career collegiate badminton athletes were recruited, and 12 subjects (male n = 8, female n = 4, mean age 20.3 ± 1.7) completed the questionnaire. Repeated measurements were taken monthly in the spring semester from March to August 2021. The questionnaire assessed sleep quality and daytime sleepiness by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS). Moreover, we collected average training, study time per week, and monthly sports competitions and academic tests to quantify participants' training and academic stress. Results An average of 36.1% of dual-career athletes reported poor sleep and 25.0% had excessive daytime sleepiness. Overall, a significant positive correlation existed between PSQI scores and weekly study hours (r = 0.308, p = 0.009). Significant positive correlations were found between the four stressors and PSQI (August: r = 0.868, p < 0.001; July: r = 0.573, p = 0.026) or ESS scores (March: r = -0.678, p = 0.015; August: r = 0.598, p = 0.040) for specific months. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis identified that lower study and training hours predict better sleep quality. Conclusion Dual-career collegiate badminton athletes had a higher prevalence of poor sleep and daytime sleepiness, and daytime sleepiness did not result in better sleep quality; study and training hours had the greatest effect on the sleep quality of dual-career collegiate badminton athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Dai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People’s Republic of China
- School of Sport Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Cheng M, van Niekerk M, Biviano G. Student-Athletes' Deteriorating Mental Health During COVID-19: Recommendations on Proactive Strategies for Addressing Unique Mental Health Needs. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:27-34. [PMID: 37816146 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High school and college student-athletes face unique stressors that can negatively impact their mental health, which were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although mental health issues are prevalent in athletic communities, there often remains stigma around mental health and reluctance to seek psychological support. Physical injury can be the cause or the result of the psychological struggles that athletes face-holistic care for the adolescent athlete population must incorporate both elements. Pediatric psychologists, allied healthcare professionals, sports organizations, academic institutions, coaches, caregivers, and student-athletes themselves all play an active role in shaping the mental health of student-athletes and are therefore responsible for creating a culture that prioritizes mental and physical wellness. This paper aims to provide clear recommendations for the various stakeholders on how to address the unique mental health needs of student-athletes. The recommendations presented are based on a review of existing literature in the field and on-the-ground experience working with student-athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several key interventions highlighted in this paper, including changing the athletic community's culture to prioritize the holistic well-being of athletes, as well as proactively offering mental health education, resources, and programming for student-athletes, with a particular emphasis on health equity to meet the needs of students most at risk. Commitment from pediatric psychologists and allied healthcare professionals, sports organizations, academic institutions, coaches, caregivers, and student-athletes will maximize the likelihood of improving student-athletes' psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Cheng
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | | | - Gina Biviano
- UCSF PlaySafe Sports Medicine Program, University of California San Francisco, USA
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15
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Wang X, Liang W, Liu J, Zhang CQ, Duan Y, Si G, Bu D, Zhao D. Further Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy Scale: Evidence from Chinese Elite Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12620. [PMID: 36231919 PMCID: PMC9566777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Multicomponent Mental Health Literacy Scale (MMHLS) among Chinese elite athletes. Particularly, the factorial validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, concurrent validity, internal-consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability of the MMHLS were examined. A total of 320 participants were recruited from the Guangdong provincial sports training center in China. Data collection was conducted between 30 June and 31 July 2020 using electronic questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch analysis, correlation analysis and independent-sample t-tests were conducted using Mplus 8.3 and ConQuest 2.0. The CFA results supported the factorial validity of the three-dimensional MMHLS, consisting of knowledge-oriented MHL, beliefs-oriented MHL, and resource-oriented MHL. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficients supported the internal-consistency reliability of the MMHLS. Moreover, the convergent and discriminant validities were supported for the subdimension of MHL-Knowledge, MHL-Beliefs, and MHL-Resources. Concurrent validity was demonstrated through correlations between MMHLS, help-seeking attitudes, and stigma. Rasch analysis provided further evidence of the psychometric quality of the instrument in terms of its dimensionality, item fit statistics, and rating scale effectiveness. Finally, test-retest reliability was 0.66 after one month. In conclusion, the 24-item three-dimensional MMHLS was verified to be a reliable and valid measurement of mental health literacy in Chinese elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jingdong Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Gangyan Si
- Sport Psychology Center, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Danran Bu
- Hubei Institute of Sport Science, Wuhan 432025, China
- Department of Sport, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Daliang Zhao
- School of Leisure Sports and Management, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
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16
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Hoare E, Couston N, Hall K. Case Report: An Application of Wellbeing Science for the Development of Adolescent High-Performance Athletes in the Australian Football League. Front Psychol 2022; 13:856241. [PMID: 35756279 PMCID: PMC9231612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite athletes experience both universal and sport-related mental health risks. Young high-performance athletes on pathways to professional sport also face the additional challenges associated with the developmental period of adolescence and early adulthood, making prevention and mental health promotion critical in this population group. This community case study considers the wider youth mental wellbeing evidence base, alongside primary prevention in elite sport, and proposes a model of wellbeing for the specific implementation in youth high performance athletes in the Australian setting. The Mental Fitness Model is based on the PERMA theory of wellbeing, which comprises positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, and is tailored specifically to the unique needs of young high-performance athletes in Australia. The Model sits within a host of evidence-based, appropriately resourced, wellbeing science activities, coordinated by an overall strategy that allows monitoring and continuous improvement. As such, we propose this application of wellbeing science is highly novel for the youth high performance setting. Future work is needed to test the feasibility of this model in an applied context. Further work is also needed to integrate specifically cultural considerations for wellbeing, and to integrate the lived experiences of young people through participatory research. This model is proposed to hold unique promise to meet the mental wellbeing needs of young high-performance athletes, whilst promoting positive mental health that can track into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hoare
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicky Couston
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Hall
- Australian Football League, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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17
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Kildal E, Hassel B, Bjørnebekk A. ADHD symptoms and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among male weightlifters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9479. [PMID: 35676515 PMCID: PMC9178025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is associated with adverse health effects. The factors that predispose to AAS use among athletes are poorly understood, but attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is known to occur among athletes more often than in the general population, is associated with risk behaviors, including substance abuse. We aimed to see if AAS use in male weightlifters was associated with ADHD symptoms, and test the link between ADHD symptoms and cognitive performance. Hundred and forty male weightlifters, 72 AAS users and 68 weightlifting controls (WLC), completed the Achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA) for ADHD symptoms and underwent cognitive examination. Self-reported ADHD symptom scores were significantly higher among AAS users compared to WLC, and scores in the range indicating clinically important ADHD was significantly more common in the AAS-using group. Age of onset of AAS use correlated inversely with ADHD scale score (r = - 0.35; p = 0.003). ADHD score correlated inversely with cognitive scores for working memory (r = - 0.25, p < 0.001), processing speed (r = - 0.24, p < 0.001), verbal learning and memory (r = - 0.19, p = 0.03), and problem solving (r = - 0.20, p = 0.02). AAS use among weightlifters is associated with ADHD symptoms and corresponding lower cognitive performance. Recognising a relationship between ADHD symptoms and AAS use may guide drug prevention strategies in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Kildal
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørnar Hassel
- Department of Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bjørnebekk
- The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Research Group, Section for Clinical Addiction Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Kinect and Few-Shot Technology-Based Simulation of Physical Fitness and Health Training Model for Basketball Players in Plateau Area. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2256522. [PMID: 35449737 PMCID: PMC9017528 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2256522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Players in modern basketball have a lot of physical contact, a lot of bumps, and a lot of physical struggles. The competition for the ball, whether in the air or on the ground, is fierce, putting higher demands on the players' physical abilities. Coaches frequently use plateau physical training, which is very effective in developing athletes' cardiopulmonary function, among many other training methods. The proportional length and active area of arms are obtained using the skin color model of the human body, the angle and posture information of each joint is extracted from dynamics, and the 3D posture of arms and dynamic arms is trained and recognized in this paper, which is based on Kinect. The findings revealed that mild hypoxia in the plateau significantly lowered basketball players' performance and that basketball players' maximum heart rate and 1-minute heart rate recovery in high-intensity exercise were lower than those in flat area training.
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19
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Ldokova G, Volkova K, Razzhivin O. Stress Sources of Powerlifters Aged 14-23. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224801006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes are exposed to numerous stress factors, which can have a negative impact on their health, including psychological health. This is especially true for young athletes whose psyche is unstable. The article highlights the factors that prevent powerlifters’ successful training and performance in powerlifting competitions for the age groups of 14-23. By assigning a rank by the respondents (n = 128), the highest #1 and lowest #11 values were selected. Data analysis showed that the priority of 3 factors coincided in training and competitive activities: 1) injuries (average score – 1.64 and 1.82), 2) emotional excitement (4.64 and 3.9), 3) physical fatigue (5.09 and 5.18). The following positions during training sessions are: human factor (6.34), unexpected circumstances (6.45), audio interference (6.50), problems with equipment and outfit (6.55), difficult relationships (6.82), the rank and type of competition and preparation for them (6.9), coach/referee assessment (7.09), changing conditions (8.0). At the competitions, subsequent stress factors are distributed as follows: unexpected circumstances (5.64), coach/referee assessment (5.7), rank and type of competition and preparation for them (6.36), human factor (6.82), problems with equipment and outfit (7.0), changing conditions (7.18), audio interference (7.23), difficult relationships (8.64). Taking into account the young powerlifters’ sources of stress allows forming the athletes’ psychologically healthy attitude to and perception of external changes and circumstances, which largely contributes to the optimization of sports performance and life.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Athletes at all levels of competition are susceptible to mental health symptoms and disorders, and this has been a topic of increased research attention in recent years. The most common such conditions will be highlighted in this article, with a clinical focus on unique aspects of presentation, diagnosis, and management among athletes. Conditions addressed include depression, anxiety and related disorders, eating disorders, sleep concerns, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar and psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. Athletes experience particular physiologic and psychosocial demands that impact how they present symptomatically and how treatment modalities, including psychotherapy and pharmacologic treatments, impact them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Reardon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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21
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Association of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity with Depression in Sport University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189881. [PMID: 34574804 PMCID: PMC8468291 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports university students are usually expected to lead an active life and have a lower risk of depression. Therefore, there are few studies on depression and its risk factors among this population. This study aimed to investigate depression and its association with sedentary behavior and physical activity in sports university students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduates majoring in physical education in a sports university in Beijing in March 2021. Students were asked about sociodemographic information, domain-specific sedentary behavior, physical activity, and depression (using a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire). Chi-squared test and logistic regression were carried out to analyze the data. RESULTS Among a total of 584 participants, the detection rate of depression was 49.1%. The median of total sedentary time was 7.29 h per day. After adjusting for covariates, recreational screen time (OR = 1.540, p = 0.035), sedentary time spent completing schoolwork (OR = 0.658, p = 0.038), and participation in vigorous physical activity everyday (OR = 0.415, p = 0.001) and a few times per week (OR = 0.423, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS Sports university students are not immune to depression and inactive lifestyles. Excessive recreational screen time may have an adverse effect on depression, which is somewhat independent of physical activity.
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